#monophthong

[rahabs]

current mood: eternally annoyed by people who refer to the variation of English spoken in the medieval era as “Old English.”

#That’s not Old English #Old English would be completely unrecognizable as English to those who don’t know it. #What you’re referring to is usually Middle English #Or Early Modern English. #Old English again would be completely unrecognizable as English to the vast majority of people today. #It was very very very different #There were entirely different letters and sounds that no longer exist #E.g. wynn; eth; thorn; æ #Sorry I’m on mobile and don’t have my Old English keyboard installed on here #You also had diphthongs and different monophthongs and! I could go on #history #Old English

[arthur-r]

um, you guys, is this true????

#like. this is just lying right. everyone says um???? #im sort of working on my linguistics homework. still struggling really bad. but writing about homogenization of the midwestern accent #(and the shift toward ‘‘general american english’’ facilitated by the ‘‘information age’’) #but again i just literally don’t know anything?? #plus the websites that i’m reading are i’m pretty sure lying to me?? i don’t really trust this one it feels fake #also midwesterner input appreciated how often do you hear the monophthongal ‘‘o’’ vowel sound (the minnesohhta o) and in what age groups? #anyway this is a 1000 word paper due in 8 hours and i only just started. so. help #so wish me luck!!!! college is impossible and i don’t know what i’m doing here but here is where i am #me. my post. mine. #delete later #college talk

[yugiohz]

pls every time i see toya i think you’re talking about dabi for a second and i’m like wtf is going on in my hero 😭 but then i remember you’re watching cardcaptor and if it was about dabi you’d probably call him dabi and not toya

new solution: toya = bnha, touya = ccs

#I always tag dabi’s name with a monophthong so ccs touya gets the ou #asks

[antique-symbolism]

Really need my friends to start listening to the way I talk to see if I'm starting to say words like "fire" and "mile" and "vampire" like a Southerner

#monophthongization is coming for me and i can't stop it #i can FEEL it #I'm serious though sometimes i catch myself saying a relevant word and i think #'I'm pretty sure that was halfway between a monophthong and a diphthong' #but i can't tell because it's my own voice see!

[lady-inkyrius]

Friendship ended with /iː/ and /uː/, now /ij/ and /uw/ are my best friends.

For a while I've wondered why German du and English do weren't pronounced the same, as both are transcribed as /duː/, but English do is actually pronounced as /duw/

#linguistics #pronunciation #honestly they could also be /ɪj/ and /ʉw/ I'm not perfect and analysing how I speak but they're definitely not monophthongs

[trendfag]

the ey in hey and the ay in day are pronounced the same to me at least

#also i dont think ive heard anyone say day with a monophthong

[deliasamed]

Vowel and Consonant Sounds in Syllable

Vowel and Consonant Sounds in Syllable

  In linguistics, vowels and consonants are two fundamental speech sounds that make up the building blocks of spoken language. Vowels and consonants are distinct in terms of how they are produced and how they are perceived by listeners.   Vowels are speech sounds produced with an open vocal tract, allowing for relatively unimpeded airflow. The key characteristic of vowels is that they involve minimal constriction of airflow in the vocal tract. Vowels are typically classified based on their tongue position, lip rounding, and tension of the vocal cords. Examples of vowels include the sounds in words like beat, hot, and too. Vowels play a crucial role in determining the syllable structure of words and are often the central elements of syllables.   Consonants, on the other hand, are produced with some degree of constriction or closure in the vocal tract, which interrupts or modifies the airflow. Consonants can be further categorized based on where and how the airflow is obstructed. They involve different manners of articulation, such as stops (sounds like p and b), fricatives (sounds like s and f), and nasals (sounds like m and n). Consonants contribute to the articulatory and perceptual complexity of speech, allowing for the differentiation of sounds in words and the formation of distinct syllables.   Vowel and consonant combinations refer to the patterns and sequences in which these sounds appear within words. The arrangement of vowels and consonants in a word can carry significant linguistic and phonological information. Different languages have specific rules governing which combinations of sounds are allowed or disallowed, and these rules often contribute to the distinctive phonetic patterns of each language. The study of vowel and consonant combinations helps linguists understand the phonotactic constraints (permissible sound sequences) of a language and provides insights into its phonological structure.   In summary, vowels and consonants are fundamental components of spoken language, each with its own distinct articulatory and acoustic characteristics. The combinations and arrangements of these sounds within words contribute to the phonological patterns that shape the linguistic diversity we observe in the world's languages.             Monophthongs: Monophthongs are pure, single vowel sounds that do not glide or change in quality during their pronunciation. In other words, the tongue and mouth position remain constant throughout the production of the sound. These sounds are characterized by their stability and lack of movement. Examples of monophthongs include the vowel sounds in words like beat, cot, food, and got.             Diphthongs: Diphthongs are complex vowel sounds that involve a glide or movement from one vowel quality to another within a single syllable. In a diphthong, the tongue and mouth position change during the sound's production. Diphthongs are essentially a combination of two vowel sounds, where the sound starts at one vowel quality and glides to another. Examples of diphthongs include the vowel sounds in words like coin, loud, time, and boy,   /ɔɪ/ as in coin /aʊ/ as in loud /aɪ/ as in time /ɔɪ/ as in boy               Triphthongs: Triphthongs are monosyllabic vowel combinations and even more complex vowel sounds that consist of a glide or movement from one vowel quality to another and then to a third vowel quality, all within a single syllable. Like diphthongs, the tongue and mouth position change during the production of a triphthong. Triphthongs involve three vowel qualities in succession. However, triphthongs are less common across languages compared to monophthongs and diphthongs.   /eɪə/ - as in player /aɪə/ - as in firefighter /aʊə/ - as in flower /ɔɪə/ - as in lawyer   In summary, monophthongs are single, stable vowel sounds, diphthongs involve a glide from one vowel sound to another, and triphthongs involve a glide through three vowel sounds within a single syllable. These terms help describe the varying ways in which vowel sounds are produced and perceived in languages.             Digraphs: A digraph is a combination of two letters that represent a single sound or phoneme. The letters can be either vowels or consonants. Digraphs are often used to represent sounds that are not typically represented by a single letter. Here are some examples of digraphs:   /ʃ/ as in shoe - This represents the sh digraph. /θ/ as in think - This represents the th digraph. /tʃ/ as in cheese - This represents the ch digraph. /dʒ/ as in judge - This represents the j (or g in some cases) digraph.               Trigraphs: A trigraph is a combination of three letters that represent a single sound or phoneme. Trigraphs are less common than digraphs, but they also serve to represent specific sounds. Here are some examples of trigraphs:   ear   as in beard eer   as in cheer ere   as in there ore   as in store dge   as in bridge igh    as in sigh tch    as in fetch oul    as in could ure    as in measure               Morphographs: Morphographs are letter combinations that carry meaning in terms of morphemes (the smallest units of meaning in a language). Morphographs can include prefixes, suffixes, and other word parts that contribute to the meaning of a word. Here are some examples of morphographs:   -un- as in undo - The prefix un- indicates negation or reversal. -ed as in walked - The suffix -ed indicates past tense. -ing as in running - The suffix -ing indicates present participle.               Clusters: Clusters, also known as consonant clusters or consonant sequences, refer to groups of two or more consonant sounds that appear together in a sequence within a syllable. Consonant clusters can occur at the beginning, middle, or end of a word. The term cluster emphasizes the closeness of these consonant sounds without any vowel sounds in between.   Here are some examples of clusters:   Initial Cluster: /spl/ in split Medial Cluster: /mpr/ in impress Final Cluster: /sts/ in posts   In each of these examples, the consonants are grouped together in a cluster within a single syllable.               Blends: Blends, also known as consonant blends or consonant clusters, are similar to clusters but refer specifically to consonant sounds that blend together while maintaining their individual sounds. In blends, the individual sounds can still be heard. Blends occur at the beginning of words and help with the smooth transition from one sound to another. Here are some examples of blends:   /br/ in break /fl/ in flower /str/ in street   In blends, you can hear the separate consonant sounds coming together, creating a smooth yet distinct pronunciation.     Understanding clusters and blends is important for phonological analysis and pronunciation practice, as they play a role in how sounds are combined in spoken language.                     Vowel and Consonant Sounds in Syllable What is Six Syllable Types? The Sound of Murmur Diphthong : AR, OR, ER, UR, IR, and YR The Spelling patterns for the letter “y” The Spelling patterns for the letter “o” The Spelling patterns for the letter “a” The Spelling patterns for the letter “u” The Spelling patterns for the letter “i” The Spelling patterns for the letter “e” The Phonics rules for reading and spelling Read the full article

#airflow #articulation #blends #change #closure #clusters #combinations #complex #consonant #consonantandvowelcombination #constriction #digraphs #glide #inquality #monophthongs #monosyllabic #morphographs #prefixes #single #sounds #speech #stablevowelsounds #structure #suffixes #syllable #threevowels #tract #trigraphs #tripthongs #twoletterscombination

[deutschhaven]

Phonetics Of The German Alphabet

The phonetics of every language begins with the pronunciation of their alphabet. In German, the phonetics of the vowels is usually the same as the name they are called but gets modified when they are in a combined form as in diphthong, triphthong and tetraphthong. Content in this post1. Definition of phonetics2. Monophthongs in German3. Diphthongs in German4. Triphthongs in German5.…

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#Deutsch phonetics #german diphthongs #german monophthongs #german tetraphthong #german tripthong

[kazthropology]

reasons i wouldn’t have kids

i don’t want kids

i’d be afraid of messing up and traumatizing them

The Urge to linguistically manipulate my future children

#likw switching up your monophthongs around them to see how it affects them later #or teach them more than the Basic Colors and see how that affects their perception of color #or saying Only Certain Words in a different language so they only know that word in That Language but keep everything else the same #just mess with things a Little Bit #it’d make such an interesting paper #i become d’armond speers #kaz rambles #kazthropology

[arthur-r]

getting distracted lecturing mean old men about language in instagram comments sections instead of writing my linguistics paper. if only the topic of my paper were “improper” use of language i have written a thousand words already. but instead i have to write about stupid accents i’m so bored

#it’s weird because i love history i love linguistics and broadly speaking i love historical linguistics #but it’s annoying having that be limited to 20th and 21st century english. i don’t care about that part #and we’re so focused on phonology it’s getting exhausting. can we get a little modernist in here please???? shdhdf #i dont know. i want to talk about the sociology of it all. the stigma and associations. the mutability of identity #but instead i am studying the monophthongal ‘‘o’’. is it that hard to explain?? minnesota used to be full of norwegians- done!! #i dont know. just feeling a little bit unsatisfied. and physically ill which isn’t helping #my roommate gets back today so i have to clean so that he doesn’t hate me for being a normal fucking person #his FROG is on my side of the room. he can’t be mad at me for having a cardboard box next to my bed #idk. wish me luck hope you all are well. i’ll be vaguely around plenty throughout the night i hope #me. my post. mine. #delete later

[tanadrin]

A Really Obnoxious Standard German Spelling Reform

Rules:

Abolish the umlauts. ä becomes e, ü becomes y. A distinct graph is kept for ö, but we replace it with ø, to conform to the IPA.

ß is abolished entirely; for its replacement, see s.

ie becomes i when it represents a monophthong.

Diphthongs are rewritten to reflect their actual values: ei becomes ai; äu and eu become oi.

H as a long vowel marker is abolished. Vowels are instead doubled when they are long (as they are already in certain words)

Double consonants to indicate a short vowel are abolished.

The trigraph sch becomes š. The tetragraph tsch becomes č. The affricate /ts/ becomes c. The tetragraph dsch becomes ǰ. The digraph ch becomes either ç (in the case of ich-laut) or x.

S remains where it represents the actual sound /s/. Where it represents /z/, it is replaced with z. As an alveolar fricative, it becomes š.

V is entirely replaced with f. W is entirely replaced with v, except in placenames where it acts as a final vowel lengthener--then it is dropped.

Final devoicing is reflected in the spelling of words.

Non-rhotic pronunciations are reflected in spelling.

The obsolete digraph th is abolished.

Capitalization of nouns is abolished.

Sample text (part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights):

Atikel 1: Alle menšen zint frai und glaiç an vyrde unt reçten gebooren. Zii zint mit feanunft unt gevisen begaabt unt zolen ainanda im gaist der bryyderliçkait begeegnen. Atikel 2: Jeeda hat anšprux auf dii in diiza eakleerung feakyndeten reçte unt fraihaiten oone iagentainen untašiit, etva nax rase, hautfaabe, gešleçt, špraaxe, religion, politiša oda zonstiger ybercoigung, nacionaala oda zociaala heakunft, feamøøgen, geburt oda zonstigem štant. Dez vaiteren darf kain untašiit gemaxt veeaden auf grunt dea politišen, reçtliçen oda intanacionaalen štelung dez lantez oda gebiic, dem aine peazoon angehyrt, glaiçgyltiç op diizez unaphengiç ist, unta troihantšaft šteet, kaine zelbstregiirung bezict oda zonst in zaina zuvereeniteet aingešrenkt ist. Atikel 3: Jeeda hat das reçt auf leeben, fraihait und ziçahait dea peazoon.

#to paraphrase calvin and hobbes #a good spelling reform makes everybody mad #though i would not say this is a *good* spelling reform #conlanging

[dedalvs]

Hello, I am loving Ts' Íts' àsh and how it’s spoken! I’d love to know if you plan on releasing a full breakdown/alphabet type thing because I would love to learn more about it and how to speak it! I’m already learning parts of it and implementing it into my daily speech to get better at speaking it, especially ashfa. Would love to learn more soon!

Best regards, Samuel

If you're talking about the orthography, I did that here. If you mean the sound system and the romanization, I can do that.

Ts'íts'àsh doesn't have a ton of consonants—very few, in fact. They are as follows (romanized form [IPA]: notes [if any]):

p [p]

b [b]

t [t]

d [d]

t' [t']: this is an ejective consonant

k [k]

k' [k']: this is also an ejective consonant

f [ɸ]: this is a bilabial sound

s [s]

sh [ʃ]

kh [x]

r [r/ɾ]: pronounced like a trill at the beginning or end of a word; otherwise pronounced like a flap

That's it! Nothing too complex. Then there are only four true monophthong vowels:

a [a]

i [i]

o [o]

u [u]

Now this is where things get complicated. Any of the four vowels above or any of the fricatives above can serve as a nucleus. This means you can have a word tkh, psh, or even ss. All of those are licit. You can also have any two vowels in a nucleus—including the fricatives. So while you can only have CVV, you can actually have words like tsá, kshí, or even pskh.

(Small aside: If one of these nucleic fricatives follows an ejective, the ejective marking moves to the right of all the consonants. So a word that begins with k' and then has a nucleus of fó is spelled and pronounced kf'ó.)

There are a number of rules for what happens when two vowels (with vowels including fricatives) come next to one another. The result is too complex to list out in text, so I'm afraid I have to do a table, and since Tumblr doesn't do tables, it has to be visual. Here it is:

So, green means the sequences of vowels are allowed to go together without anything changing. Yellow means the sequence is allowed, but some sort of phonological change occurs. Red means the sequence is disallowed. There is also a general prohibition against three of the same sound in a row, even if one is an onset and two are nuclei. Thus, while ss is licit, sss is forbidden. It is worth noting that several of these vowel-vowel sequences result in monophthongs. This is important for the phonology when it comes to tone assignment. The monophthong sequences are:

*aa > a

*ai > e

*ao/*au > o

*ou/*oo > u

This means that certain instances of the vowels [a], [o], and [u] are phonologically long, and the vowel [e] is also phonologically long (and also brings it up to a five vowel system!). Some other interesting notes:

Long high vowels broke, as in English (so *ii > ai and *uu > au).

The first element of opening diphthongs fortify into a fricative (so *iV sequences become shV and *uV/*oa sequences become fV/fa).

Any time s and sh come next to each other the result is ssh (i.e. [ʃʃ]).

The only consonant f can occur next to as a part of the nucleus is f.

Now, the tones are fairly simple. There are three tones:

High Tone [´]: The vowel is pronounced with high pitch—much the way a vowel is in English when it's stressed.

Low Tone [`]: The vowel is pronounced with low pitch—much the way a vowel is in English when it's unstressed (and also not in front of a stressed vowel).

Falling Tone [ˆ]: The pitch starts off high and falls before leaving the vowel—like when you see a kitty and go, "Awwwwwww!"

How tone is assigned is complex. Good news is if the nucleus is consonantal (just fricatives), there's no tone. Fricatives don't bear tone in Ts'íts'àsh.

The short story for tone is that tone in Ts'íts'àsh came from a combination of an older stress system and cues from onset and coda consonants. An older stressed syllable is called a blaze syllable, and an older unstressed syllable is called a smolder syllable. A smolder syllable will always have low tone unless it has a current or former coda voiceless stop. Then it will have high tone. A blaze syllable can have any tone, but the tone it's assigned depends on the surrounding consonants. Some rules:

If the blaze syllable is open, its tone will be high, unless it begins with a voiced consonant, in which case the tone will be low.

A syllable with one vowel that ends in a voiceless stop will have high tone.

Otherwise, a syllable with a voiced consonant onset will have low tone. The sole exception is a syllable beginning with a voiced consonant that has two vowels and a voiceless stop coda. That syllable will have low tone on the first vowel and high on the second (unless the VV sequence results in a monophthong, in which case the tone is high).

Sequences of two vowels generally have a high-low sequence. The same goes for phonologically long monophthongs.

Coda fricatives will drag tone down.

VV sequences in blaze syllables reduce to singletons in smolder syllables when syllable type shifts in a word (e.g. due to affixation).

And that's all there is to it! It might seem tough to pronounce some sequences we don't have in English, but once you let yourself go and lean into it, it's kind of fun! Jessie and I were both really pleased at how well it was carried off by the actors. They really did a great job!

Thanks for the ask!

#conlang #language #elemental #pixar #pixar elemental #elemental pixar #tsitsash #ts'its'ash #ts'íts'àsh #phonology #phonetics #sir-samuel-iii

[sewi-li-suwi]

i love travelling the uk via rail. the vibrations feel great on my back, and i just stopped in basingstoke and the announcements were consistently saying "railway" like [ɹeːoweɪ] (note how the first FACE vowel is a monophthong but not the second! that's because of diphthong smoothing with the vocalised /l/ [o]).

they also in basingstoke merge the LOT and THOUGHT vowels before syllable-final /l/ i think (really don't quote me on this, i'm basing this off like 3 or 4 words, one of which varies between LOT and THOUGHT anyways), so like "cold" and "called" would be homophonous as [kʰoːʊd]

also a guy just walked past (consistently) saying okay as [ə̞ːkeː] which like. hell yeah. fronted monothongized GOAT?? and monophthongized FACE? sir where are you from??

#sewi's stuff #my ramblings #linguistics #accents

[mercuryandglass]

9 people you'd like to know better

tagged by @moondal514 (thank you~)

last song: hmm i can't actually remember the last time I purposefully listened to music (i'm normally an audiobook person), but the last artist/group that i got super into is mamamoo (even if it was like may of 2023 that this happened)

favourite colour: purple, usually, but ideally not a very bright one—a dark violet-grey, i think, but really anything in the spectrum between dark red and green

currently watching: the last thing i watched was a few episodes of jujutsu kaisen (i'm about half way through season 2, i think), but really i'm supposed to be watching blue eye samurai

sweet/savoury/spicy: i'll say savoury in order not to be contrary, but the real answer is sour

relationship status: ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ: *　single　* :･ﾟ✧* :･ﾟ✧

current obsession: i started getting into agatha christie books in early February, and in the 6 or so weeks since then, i've read about 30 of her books

last thing you googled: (before i had to check the spelling of mamamoo, jujutsu kaisen, and blue eye samurai XD) i looked up mandarin phonology because i couldn't remember the layout of mandarin monophthongs

tagging (only if you want to do this): @aeternatv @floorsofsilentseas @gingerpegasus @graveexcitement @lostinthewinterwood @lowpolygeralt @quihi @storieswritteninthesand @zaydrion

#tag game #my post

[deutschhaven]

THE GERMAN ALPHABET & PRONUNCIATION

THE GERMAN ALPHABET & PRONUNCIATION

The German or Deutsch alphabet is closely related to that of English. It has 26 characters or letters like in English, together with 4 additional characters called umlaut and ligature which are not found in the English alphabet. This gives a total of 30 letters. The three umlauts are typically obtained from the plain letters but with two dots above it. The ligature which is also called scharfes s…

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#german alphabet #german consonants #german diphthongs #german monophthongs #german phonetics #german vowels #Konsonanten #umlauts #Vokale