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techav · 9 months
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Logic Planning
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I'm working on adding IDE support to my Wrap030-ATX project.
This subsystem is a little complicated, because the CPLD I used for my bus controller didn't have enough I/O pins available to support it. As a result, the logic involves state machines in two different CPLDs working together, plus some additional discrete logic.
To figure out what the timing would look like, I first needed to identify which output signals were necessary for controlling IDE, and all of the input signals that would be used to generate those output signals, as well as the circuits these signals passed through. Instead of working with the complete computer schematic, it was helpful to draw out just the portions that are relevant to this subsystem roughly in input-to-output left-to-right order.
Once I had all of the relevant signals identified and a clear map of their paths through the system, I was able to draw up a timing diagram which follows each signal though time and through the schematic. This shows me when I need to assert specific outputs relative to the state of the various inputs and the system clock, in order to meet setup time requirements for the next stage of the subsystem.
The next step in the process is to plan a finite state machine to handle those signal transitions. Working through the timing diagram, I've determined that the ISA & IDE state machine will need to be clocked on the falling edge of the system clock. I've divided the timing diagram into states starting at each falling edge of the clock.
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S-100 Boards in progress: The S100computers 68000 CPU board, and ZFDC (Zilog Floppy Diskette Controller).
The 68k CPU board is pretty much a complete Motorola 68000-based system on a single board, along with hardware needed for it to operate in a multi-CPU arrangement. The S-100 standard allows for the presence of multiple CPU boards with wildly different architectures, but only one can be in control of the bus at a time. I had to trim off part of the voltage regulator heatsink to allow it to work with my card cage’s retention brackets.
The ZFDC is a very complex floppy disk drive controller. It pairs a dedicated 6MHz Zilog Z80B processor with a pair of Zilog PIO (Parallel Input/Output) and a Western Digital 2793 disk controller chip. The on-board CPU has access to 32k of onboard ROM and onboard RAM, making it a entire self-contained computer which operates independently of any other processor boards the user has installed.
It’s curious to note that the 6MHz Z80 on the ZFDC actually runs faster than my  machine’s main CPU board, the S100computers Z80 Master CPU, which runs at a standard 4MHz. Owing to a fairly simplistic design rooted in choices made while MITS was designing the Altair 8800, the S-100 bus does poorly with speeds significantly over that 4MHz. The ZFDC has onboard RAM/ROM and doesn’t really touch the bus aside from simple one-byte commands, however, which lets us use a higher speed part that can cope with high-demand operations like formatting double-density diskettes.
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archiveosorg · 9 months
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AmigaOS
AmigaOS – a commercial OS originally developed for the Motorola 68k based Commodore Amiga line of computers https://archiveos.org/amigaos/
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arconinternet · 1 year
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Mildew (Classic Mac, SwordLord, 1997)
My attempt to get this cute platformer's Motorola-68000-series-compatible version to work on archive.org's built-in Mac emulator didn't work, so its downloadable PPC (aka PowerMac) version is the perfect excuse the introduce the brilliance that is Infinite Mac (link is to creator's blog posts about it in reverse order)! Instructions are below the images.
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Step 1: Download the .sit file from here.
Step 2: Go to system7.app/?domain=system7-ppc.app, the semi-documented PPC version of the 68K system7.app. (Also available are the also-68K system6.app and macos8.app and the PPC macos9.app. (NOTE: this step is subject to change - if the link starts redirected to infinitemac.org, go to infinitemac.org, and select System 7.5.3 on a PowerMac - you may or may not need to click a Customize button that appears on mouseover.)
Step 3: Drag the .sit file onto the emulated Mac desktop.
Step 4: Open The Outside World, then Downloads. (If it was already open, you may need to close it and open it again to get the file to show up.
Step 5: Double-click the file you'll find. (You may need to follow Step 4's parenthetical afterward.)
Step 6: Drag the resulting Mildew folder onto Infinite HD for safety's sake, since I'm not quite sure how The Outside World works. If you just drag it onto the desktop, it'll still count as being in The Outside World.
Step 7: Open Infinite HD (see that parenthetical again if it was already open), open the Mildew folder and run it. (If a window with a Change button comes up, click it.)
These sites are total game-changers. In addition to the creator's blog posts linked above, there's discussion and helpful tips from users on Metafilter here (a quick tip: most Mac disk and CD image files work, too, although there are currently exceptions).
Tips: Press enter when the red icon tells you. The Game menu is your friend. Default controls are number 8, 4 and 6 (and Space to self destruct). You can jump off not just enemies, but also the collectible foodstuffs, by holding the jump key when landing on top of them; you'll need to do this to beat the game. Turn on music in the settings menu; it's rad. Buying registration is no longer possible, so to be able to access all the levels, select Register Mildew under the Apple menu in the upper left and use the name HotSix and the code 4210556928.
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odd-drive · 2 years
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Macintosh Plus Motherboard Released In 1986 128 KB of ROM 1 MB RAM, expandable to 4 MB Motorola 68K CPU @ 8 MHz
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huntertoys152 · 2 years
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Mac Os 8 Rom Download
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Mac Os 8.1 Rom Download
Mac Os 8 Rom Download Torrent
Mac Os 8 Update
Mac Os Rom; Mac Os Rom Download; Apple Airport 2.0.4 AirPort 2.0.4 software works with all versions of AirPort cards and basestations. If you are using AirPort 2.0.4 with earlier versions of theApple AirPort Card and/or Apple AirPort Base Station, your hardware maybe upgraded with new features and capabilities including 128 bitencryption. Set the CPU to 68040, and check the use of FPU Emulation. In the 'Memory' Tab: Set the RAM size to something that won't cripple your PC, but won't leave the Mac short either. 64 Mb is fine for most 68k work. Click browse at the 'ROM file path' section to find your ROM file.
Edirol FA-101 not recognized in OS9 (DAW - Digital Audio Workstation (Audio Interfaces & MIDI Hardware)) GaryN Today at 03:03:12 PM Anyone ever made 3D models of the plastic bits on a Graphite G4 tower? (General Hardware Discussions) Pyewacket Today at 02:27:01 PM Storage, backup, and talking to PCs and the Outside World (Storage Technologies) IIO Today at 10:56:21 AM Powerbook/iBook DVD drive replacement and boot capability (Storage Technologies) peeperpc Today at 07:14:52 AM New 2FA / TOTP (two-factor authentication) app for OS8/9/X (Browsers, FTP, & Remote Control) bparker October 01, 2021, 06:03:42 PM The Politics of Mac OS 9, Mac OS X, Virtual Machinces, & Emulation (Welcome to Our Community - Guidelines, News, & Social Posts) lepidotos October 01, 2021, 05:26:40 PM Can someone help get Mac OS 9 to run on 1ghz eMac? (Mac OS 9 Booting on Previously Unsupported Hardware) Angelgreat October 01, 2021, 06:41:00 AM Mac Os 9 boot on unsupported Hardware, 'The state Of the art'. (Mac OS 9 Booting on Previously Unsupported Hardware) AndreA1085 October 01, 2021, 01:37:09 AM What is the real cpu limitation? could a new CPU Upgrade come out in the future? (Mac CPU Upgrades) Angelgreat September 30, 2021, 05:28:32 PM why do all modern WEB BROWSERS suck so bad?? (Browsers, FTP, & Remote Control) Greystash September 30, 2021, 03:27:57 PM
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The Quadra 605 is an Apple Macintosh personal computer based on the Motorola 68LC040 CPU released on October 21, 1993 as part of the Quadra series. During development it was code-named “Aladdin” or “Primus”
With an elegant, minimalistic design the Quadra 605 is one of the few Macintosh models that does not share a case with another machine. The internal layout and components are identical to the Apple Macintosh Performa/LC 475 and 476. Production of the Quadra 605 was discontinued on October 17, 1994.
SPECIFICATIONS Complete system specifications
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OPERATING SYSTEMS Download operating systems compatible with the Quadra 605
HARDWARE UPGRADES Various upgrades and modifications to Quadra 605 hardware
PHOTO GALLERY Photographs of Quadra 605 hardware
EMULATOR
Mac Os 8.1 Rom Download
Basilisk II is a Macintosh 68k emulator that allows you to run the classic Macintosh OS and applications on modern computers. These downloads are fully configured versions of Basilisk II that include the required ROM as well as a hard drive image with Mac OS 8.1 and various applications.
DOWNLOADS
Mac OS System 7.6.1 CD – bootable retail CD image (.iso)
Mac OS System 8.1 CD – bootable retail CD image (.iso)
Apple Legacy Software Recovery CD – bootable CD image (.iso) with every Mac OS from 1.0 through 8.1
Basilisk II Emulator for macOS – fully configured 68k emulator with Quadra ROM and hard drive image with System 8.1 installed
Basilisk II Emulator for Windows – fully configured 68k emulator with Quadra ROM and hard drive image with System 8.1. installed
Quadra 605 ROM – for use with emulators such as Basilisk II
DOCUMENTATION
TROUBLESHOOTING
No video on startup: If you hear the startup chord but video never initializes, the logic board battery is probably dead.
Temporary workaround: Flip the power switch on and then quickly toggle the switch off and then on again. The system should then boot up normally.
Solution: Replace the logic board battery with a 3.6v 1200mAh 1/2AA lithium battery
Vertical lines, horizontal lines or snow on video
Solution 1: Check cable connecting monitor to video port
Solution 2: Reseat VRAM SIMMs
Solution 3: Replace VRAM SIMMs
Eight-tone error chord at startup
Solution 1: Reseat RAM SIMM
Solution 2: Replace RAM SIMM
SHOPPING
Part Numbers
M1821LL/A – Macintosh Quadra 605 with 4MB RAM, 512K VRAM, and internal 80MB hard disk drive
M1822LL/A – Macintosh Quadra 605 with 8MB RAM, 512K VRAM, and internal 160MB hard disk drive
M0517LL/A – VRAM Expansion Kit (two kits required for expansion to 1MB VRAM)
M1507LL/A – 4MB DRAM Expansion Kit
M1508LL/A – 8MB DRAM Expansion Kit
M2460Z/A – Apple Ethernet LC Twisted-Pair Card
M9060LL/A – Apple PlainTalk Microphone
DISCUSSION FORUMS
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REVIEWS
Mac Os 8 Rom Download Torrent
OTHER RESOURCES
Mac Os 8 Update
Macintosh Garden – software downloads
“Tombstone Mac” custom Quadra 605 case also featured in Wired magazine
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dgfhhgh · 3 years
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techav · 11 months
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Wrap030-ATX Remembers
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No general-purpose computer will do much without a good amount of Random Access Memory for transient storage of code and data. Now that I have confirmed basic operation of CPU, bus controller, ROM, and serial, it's time to turn my attention to main system memory.
Every homebrew computer I've built to date, including previous iterations of the Wrap030 project, has used Static RAM. Static RAM is nearly as simple as peripherals can be — give it an address, assert a Chip Enable and a Read or Write strobe signal, wait a bit, and release. Done, cycle complete. If you don't need to retrieve some data for a good long while, it's no matter so long as the chip still has power. For a small system, SRAM is reliable and dead simple to use.
The problem with SRAM is it is also very expensive. The 2MB of SRAM I had on the previous iteration of Wrap030 cost over $20 — and it's still far from enough to run an operating system like Unix System V, NetBSD, Linux, etc. This is the reason computers generally use Dynamic RAM for primary system memory.
The difference is SRAM uses several transistors to create a flip-flop for storing each and every bit of memory, whereas DRAM uses a capacitor to store each bit of memory. This reduces manufacturing costs and increases storage density, but does come with some trade-offs. Most notably, the capacitors that store bits in DRAM will lose their charge — and the stored data with it — after a rather brief period of time. This means the DRAM capacitors need to be topped off regularly in a process known as a refresh cycle.
Another complication of using DRAM is the bus interface has been changed to allow much larger storage capacities without the physical chip package growing to absurd sizes. Instead of the chip accepting the entire address at once, it expects to be given a Row address (along with a Row Address Strobe [RAS#]) then a Column address (along with a Column Address Strobe [CAS#]), with myriad specific timing requirements for when each signal should be asserted and deasserted.
In short, DRAM is much more difficult to interface with compared to SRAM, so I've never really gotten around to it.
With one of the long term goals of this project being running a *nix operating system though, I'm going to need the larger memory that DRAM affords. So i made provision for a CPLD to serve as a dedicated DRAM controller on the Wrap030-ATX motherboard and added a couple 72-pin SIMM slots. In theory this setup should be able to support up to 256MB of RAM (if rare 128MB SIMMs should fall into my hands...).
So where do we turn when dealing with complicated timing with multiple modes and a bunch of I/O? Why, Finite State Machines, of course! That bit where the DRAM expects a row address for a little while, that's a state. And the following bit where the DRAM expects a column address is another state. And then another state to make sure the DRAM has enough time to write or fetch the data. The round it out with one last state to tell the CPU data is ready.
What about that weird refresh timing? Well, that's just few more states for the state machine. And then one last "idle" state that waits for a refresh timing counter to hit 0 or for the CPU to start a bus cycle. Laid out like that, the DRAM controller became a state machine with 7 or 8 states, a counter, and an address multiplexer.
The logic actually came together easier than expected. Not completely without bugs of course.
There's this note in the datasheets about startup initialization where the DRAM should not be accessed 200μs after power on, and there should be 8 refresh cycles before the first access. Initially I had built this entire sequence into my logic. It consumed a ton of resources and didn't really work right.
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I realized that my reset circuit held the CPU in reset for longer than 200μs on power on, so I was guaranteed that first initialization time. So I removed that startup delay from my DRAM controller logic, and made a few tweaks to the state machine so it could do 8 back-to-back refresh cycles after reset.
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I was able to successfully write to DRAM and read that data back!
That much proved to be the easy part. The next steps were confirming DRAM accesses worked reliably, that I had the order of my byte select signals correct, that I could identify the amount of installed memory, and that all of the installed memory was working. These are programming problems, not logic problems, and I am not a strong programmer. On top of that, not only am I working with unproven DRAM logic, but I'm also using untested SIMMs that I had picked up from Computer Reset.
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I quickly ran into errors, but was it a problem with my logic? A problem with my timing? A problem with the SIMMs?
I had a large back of 72-pin SIMMs, split fairly evenly between Fast Page Mode (FPM) and Extended Data Output (EDO) types. I tried them all. Some would pass the tests for nearly all addresses but fail at the end. Some seemed to have a stuck bit. Some were just plain bad and gave errors everywhere. It didn't really answer the question about whether my logic was bad, but results were consistent enough for me to think that maybe the logic might be ok.
And then finally I came across a pair of HP-branded 8MB EDO SIMMs that passed a simple write-read test without error ...
... right around the time my serial port stopped working. But the memory test was passing, and I could at least see the serial output on the logic analyzer.
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The serial port problem was a bit setback. It had been working but suddenly wasn't. Clearly the UART itself was working, I just wasn't getting anything past the level shifter. Well that at least gave me a starting point of where to look. Sure enough, one of the 12V supply pins was not well soldered. Thankfully a quick fix.
Back to testing memory, I started writing a program to identify the size of the installed SIMM and write a register I added to the DRAM controller to configure the specific geometry of the installed memory. See, DRAM has another lovely quirk — chips of the same size may have a different configuration of Row and Column sizes. For instance one chip may have a 9-bit Column and a 10-bit Row, but the next may have a 10-bit Column and a 9-bit Row, and both are the same size. If the DRAM controller just assumes 12-bit Row and Column (the largest supported by 72-pin SIMMs), then there will be gaps in the memory map that will need to be accounted for in software (using MMU, for example). If the DRAM controller knows the geometry of the installed memory, then it can present the memory to the CPU as one contiguous block of memory.
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And that's where I found my next bug. The system would just hang when trying to write to that DRAM controller configuration register.
... because I had forgotten to complete that part of the state machine. The result was the state machine would end up in a state for writing to the configuration register, but then it couldn't get out of it. Once I added the missing condition to the state machine logic I was able to correctly identify the geometry and size for my installed memory!
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Wow that was long. This has been the biggest, most involved step in the process of bringing up this computer yet. It turns out there are a lot of moving pieces that have to all work together to get the computer running code from ROM and reading/writing DRAM.
Now that I have my main memory working, I should be able to get some software running. I'm hoping to at least have BASIC running in time for VCFSW at the end of June.
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Omnisphere 2 Steam Folder Not Writable
Show me my download folder. Most of your personal folders, such as Documents, Music, and Pictures, are in your home folder.If you’re having trouble finding a folder, make sure you’re spelling its name correctly and typing the full path, including slashes. .In the Finder on your Mac, choose Go Go to Folder.Type the folder’s pathname (for example, /Library/Fonts/ or /Pictures/), then click Go.A slash (/) at the beginning of a pathname indicates that the starting point is the top level of your computer’s folder structure.A slash at the end indicates that this is a path to a folder, rather than a file.A tilde indicates your home folder.
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https://awayrenew771.weebly.com/blog/mac-os-80-free-download. It was followed up by.Running MacOS 8 requires a supported Motorola 68K or Power PC based Macintosh , or one of the following emulators:- Runs MacOS 7.x-8.1, emulates later color Motorola 68k based Macs.- Runs MacOS 7.5.2-9.0.4, emulates a Power PC based Macintosh. Introduced HFS+. Release notesLast version to run on 68k CPUs.
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WINDOWS - MOVING THE STEAM DIRECTORY AFTER INSTALLATION. Drag or copy the STEAM folder from your installation drive (C: Program Files Spectrasonics) to the hard drive location of your choice. This can be another drive partition, a secondary internal drive or an external hard drive such as a Firewire or USB2 hard drive, etc. You need to make a shortcut from the 'STEAM' folder on your external hard drive and then put that newly created shortcut folder inside the 'Spectrasonics' folder on the C: drive following that path. To make hidden folders viewable, open a window. Voice changer skype mac. Now go to 'Tools' and 'Folder Options.' I had this problem for Downloading updates, try going to which ever folder it says is not writable and check the properties. Make sure the folder says that it isn't read only, if it is change it. It fixed my problem hopefully will help you too. To 'Show Hidden Files' go to Start Menu/Control Options/Folder Options//View tab. Select the 'Show Hidden Files and Folders' option and hit 'Apply' Storing sound files on a secondary drive. If you are wanting to store your Omnisphere audio files on a second hard drive, you can put the Spectrasonics/STEAM folder onto your second drive. Steam is an alias file that calls the steam folder that is in your external drive. In my case this alias was corrupted, so I went to my external drive where the large Omnisphere library is saved and created a new alias of the steam folder and replaced the corrupted one for it, and all set.
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Omnisphere 2 Steam Folder Not Writable
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Getting Started with Omnisphere 2. Omnisphere 2 is a virtual instrument that is used for both studio and live performance applications. After it is registered and installed, you can either launch the desktop app or load it as a virtual instrument track inside your DAW. All of the functions work the same as a plug-in and in standalone mode.
Omnisphere, Keyscape, and Trilian need to be in the same STEAM folder. If you have already installed one of these instruments, be sure to install to the same location. Unless you would prefer the library be installed on an external drive, we recommend installing the library in the default location by just clicking next.
Omnisphere 2 Steam Folder Not Writable
Nov 27, 2014 · Trilian and Omnisphere have been authorized on the new SSD, but neither can find the necessary STEAM folder which is in place and working just fine on my older HD and with DP 8.01. Its location is on a 3rd internal drive that I've named 'VIs and Plug-ins' Jul 14, 2017 · This is the folder we’ll want to move to our new drive. Note, you can get to the Library folder by clicking on the Go menu while holding the “Option” key. Also, do not move the entire Steam folder–just move the SteamApps folder. Here you see the Steam folder we’re talking about.
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KingRoot App Download|Kingroot V5.3.7.20180619|Download KingRoot Free (For Android)
Download KingRoot latest APK V 5.3.1 for Android devices. Rooting Android device, simply means to gain Administrative Privileges or also you can say you will get Root Access of your device after rooting it. In rooting phone, you are unable to make changes with internal programs and applications of your phone, but after rooting, you will get root access of your Android phone and you are able to do anything with internal programs of your device.|Do you want to get rid of the bloatware? There are various versions of KingRoot Apk Android rooting app in the market especially build for different versions of Android devices to root will lead to brick your device until it doesn't match versions of your device and the KingRoot app version.|Kingroot App For PC: Kingroot is developed by Kingroot studio. However, these are different concepts: Jailbreaker is the way to manipulate many types prohibited by Apple for the end user, including modifying the operating system (imposed by bootloader locked), installing applications not approved by management rights (rooting).
Click the middle switch to advance past this was here where you utilized to be able to click the "Browse" button as well as pick the folder that would store the KingRoot program, yet that alternative isn't available for the current variation of the device at the time of writing this guide.|The program can be installed on WinXP, WinVista, WinVista x64, Win7 x32, Win7 x64, Win2000, WinOther, Other, Mac OS X, Mac Other, WinServer, Windows Vista Ultimate, Windows Vista Ultimate x64, WinMobile, Android, BlackBerry, Palm, Not Applicable, Unix, Linux, Windows Tablet PC Edition 2005, Windows Media Center Edition 2005, Windows Vista Starter, Windows Vista Home Basic, Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows Vista Business, Windows Vista Enterprise, Windows Vista Home Basic x64, Windows Vista Home Premium x64, Windows Vista Business x64, Windows Vista Enterprise x64, Linux Open Source, Mac PPC, Mac OS X 10.5, Mac OS X 10.4, Mac OS X 10.3, Mac OS X 10.2, Mac OS X 10.1, Mac OS 9, MAC 68k, Mac OS X 10.6, Mac OS X 10.7, Mac OS X 10.8, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows Phone 7, Windows Phone 8, Windows RT, Windows Server 2012.|Kingoroot apk does cover many devices and is compatible with most of them, but if it doesn't work out for you two alternative one-click rooting apps have been listed out so that you won't need to go through complicated process of how it is done on pc, you can use any one of these two apps which are compatible with your phone to kingroot app download root your android device.
In any case, if you know what you're doing, it's a fast and safe way to become the superuser of your Android, whether you're running 4.1, 4.4.4, 5.0, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1 or even 7.0 Nougat, since several forums (including XDA) have shown that it works on handsets running this version of Google's operating system.|Touch screen or smartphone users are well aware regarding security protocols and their certificates, which restricted the user to use the device as they wish to. To overcome this restriction New Kingroot apk is a perfect app to root your device and gives it freedom from these unnecessary restrictions.|Fantastic Android app for idle folks” NO ADS Kingroot Apk Download for Android supports Nexus, Samsung, Huawei, LG, ZTE, Sony, HTC All versions now available now with 5.1.1 and 9.0+.For those who simply need to get root access but don't need to display any third Restoration into their device that is wonderful.
This is similar to android, in android all you can do is install and delete ONLY the apps you downloaded from play store and view only the data, files and folders that android allows you to. But, if you gained root access you can delete any app you want, and view hidden files and folders.|We have given you some of the best root apps for Samsung so that you can root your Samsung devices without the aid of a PC. There are many apps that have been updated and improved throughout the years so you will be able root your Samsngdevices successfully.|With the rise of Android as a free, open-source system and the boom of Android users, Android ROOT appears on stage and brings users a "Superpower" tool to make smartphones smarter than ever It is capable of rooting almost every Android model from whatever manufacturers (Samsung, Motorola, HTC, Sony, Google, etc.) and every Android version from Android 1.5 the cupcake to the newest Android 4.3 Jelly Bean.
https://kingroot-pc.my-free.website
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kremlin · 5 years
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recurring, borderline intrusive fantasy: “man, i wish i couldve been born like 30 years earlier, put all this computer shit in my head while it was SIMPLE, then just kept up with the changes, and feel like i actually *know* something by now”, feel like a retard when i look at disassembler output (what with all the extra shit stuffed into modern binaries) or an instruction set manual, or try to figure out how ones and zeros in a binary make different ones and zeroes on a pcie bus. wat do
you should know that “back then” when computers were much simpler in design there was a lot of crap you had to deal with that you don’t anymore today that made things harder. having to deal with swap space, 32 bit limitations, etc. it wasn’t tremendously easier back then, exactly
but, to answer your question, you have to start with embedded development. and by that i mean “real” embedded development not involving ARM nor (obviously) x86 processors. something like the HCS12 would be a good platform to start, the HCS12 is a modern-day motorola 6800/68k microcontroller that is used in a huge number of cars. it’s new enough to where there’s modern tooling for it and old enough to where that tooling isn’t prohibitively expensive or hard to get. 
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thebigapplecau · 2 years
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The Apple
A manufacturer of computers and consumer electronics that is the world's most valuable company. Due primarily to the iPhone and iPad, Apple became the most profitable company in 2014, and in 2021, its market cap exceeded two trillion dollars.
On April Fool's Day 1976, Apple was founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, and the company began operation in the garage of the Jobs family home in Los Altos, California. Their first computer, the Apple 1, was introduced at the Palo Alto Homebrew Computer Club, and 10 retail stores were selling it by year-end.
A year later, the Apple II was introduced, which blazed the trails for the personal computer industry. A fully assembled Apple II with 4K of RAM sold for $1,298. With an open architecture that encouraged third-party vendors to build plug-in hardware enhancements, Apple IIs became the most widely used computer in the home and classroom. They were also used in business primarily running the innovative VisiCalc spreadsheet software.
In 1983, Apple introduced the Lisa, the forerunner of the Macintosh. Lisa was aimed at the corporate market, but was soon dropped in favor of the Mac, which debuted in 1984. As a graphics-based machine, the Mac was immediately successful as a low-cost desktop publishing system
In 1991, Apple surprised the industry by announcing an alliance with IBM to form several companies, the major result of which was the PowerPC chip. In 1994, Apple came out with its first PowerPC-based Power Macs, which proved popular, and its PowerBook laptops were an instant success. All subsequent models departed from the original Motorola 68K architecture to the PowerPC.
The Mac stood alone in a sea of PCs based on the IBM architecture and watched its graphical interface copied more with each incarnation of Windows. In 1994, Apple licensed its OS to system vendors in order to create a Macintosh clone industry. However, a couple of years later, that was discontinued.
Forced out of the company by Apple's board in 1985, Jobs founded NeXT Computer to create an advanced workstation. NeXT eventually switched from hardware to software, but in 1996, Apple acquired NeXT and brought Jobs back to the company he founded. Apple acquired many object-oriented development tools from NeXT, parts of which filtered down into the Mac operating system.  
In 1998, Apple introduced the iMac, the first personal computer without a floppy disk. Self-contained in one unit like the original Mac, Apple sold 800,000 iMacs in a year, making it the fastest-selling computer in its history.
In 2001, Apple launched the iPod. Followed several years later by the iPhone and iPad, Apple set the bar for mobile devices and grew exponentially as a result.
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hackernewsrobot · 2 years
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Motorola 68k Application Binary Interface (ABI)
https://m680x0.github.io/doc/abi.html Comments
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