Tumgik
#native american indian dog
mannyblacque · 8 months
Text
Tumblr media
Reservation Dogs 3.03 "Deer Lady"
This episode was a real gut punch.
178 notes · View notes
xblackreader · 8 months
Text
I FULLY AND WHOLEHEARTEDLY RECOMMEND THIS SHOW ON HULU AND FX
Reservation Dogs
Tumblr media
If you’re looking for a new show to binge, please do. this show deserves all the attention and glory.
Tumblr media
164 notes · View notes
petsincollections · 7 days
Text
Tumblr media
Taos Pueblo children, ca. 1915(?)
Portrait of Native American (Taos Pueblo) boys by a ladder and adobe walls at Taos Pueblo, New Mexico; they play with a puppy.
Photographs - Western History
Denver Public Library Digital Collections
3 notes · View notes
todaysdocument · 1 year
Photo
Tumblr media
John Joseph Mathews, Osage Council Member, author, historian, and Rhodes Scholar, seated at home in front of his fireplace, Oklahoma, 12/16/1937. 
Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs
Series: General Photographs of Indians
Image description: Mr. Mathews sits in an armchair in front of a fireplace, with a dog at his feet. The fireplace and walls are made of stone. Next to the fireplace is a table with smoking pipes on it, and a filing cabinet; on the wall is a framed cover of Mathews’ book SUNDOWN. The mantelpiece has candles, framed photos and certificates, and taxidermied animals. The mantel bears the Latin words VENARI LAVARI LUDERE RIDERE OCCAST VIVERE (To hunt, to bathe, to play, to laugh, is to live).
42 notes · View notes
cottoncandysex · 9 months
Text
Aubrey plaza hey I need your help so I already told you that and I already told this other bitch in Arizona the same thing fuck her she’s a worthless piece of shit. Let me tell you
0 notes
despazito · 26 days
Text
it's so funny how there's a dog breed literally called the "Native American Indian Dog" so you're like wow i wanna learn more about indigenous dogs so you google them and turns out they were created by some guy in 1986 by throwing together random wolfy looking non-native breeds and then their name was literally trademarked by a woman named Karen
228 notes · View notes
pazzesco · 6 months
Text
⚞Chief Red Shirt⚟
Tumblr media
Chief Red Shirt - Oglala Sioux
Tumblr media
Red Shirt (Oglala Lakota: Ógle Ša in Standard Lakota Orthography) (1847–1925) was an Oglala Lakota chief, warrior and statesman.
Chief Red Shirt camped with Crazy Horse and the rest of the Oglala at the Little Big Horn. The Oglala camp was next to the Cheyenne camp near the bottom of what is now known as Last Stand Hill. Red Shirt supported Crazy Horse during the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877 and the Ghost Dance Movement of 1890, and was a Lakota delegate to Washington in 1880.
Tumblr media
Dakota delegation to Washington, D.C., Left to right, Red Dog, Little Wound, John Bridgeman (interpreter), Red Cloud, American Horse and Red Shirt. June, 1880
Chief Red Shirt wore his hair to represent peace and war. One side of his hair was wrapped to indicate he was ready for peace, the other side was worn loose indicating his readiness for war. This was done when he traveled with Chief Red Cloud to Washington D.C.
Tumblr media
Red Shirt surrendered with Crazy Horse in 1877. After the surrender he moved to an area that is now known as Red Shirt, SD. Red Shirt was one of the first Wild Westers with Buffalo Bill's Wild West and a supporter of the Carlisle Native Industrial School. Red Shirt became an international celebrity Wild Westing with Buffalo Bill's Wild West and his 1887 appearance in England captured the attention of Europeans and presented a progressive image of Native Americans.
Tumblr media Tumblr media
Red Shirt in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
On March 31, 1887, Chief Red Shirt, Chief Blue Horse and Chief American Horse and their families boarded the SS State of Nebraska in New York City, leading a new journey for the Lakota people when they crossed the ocean to England on Buffalo Bill's first international to perform at the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria and tour through Birmingham, Salford and London over a five–month period. The entourage consisted of 97 Indians, 18 buffaloes, 2 deer, 10 elk, 10 mules, 5 Texas steers, 4 donkeys, and 108 horses. Buffalo Bill treated Native American employees as equals with white cowboys. Wild Westers received good wages, transportation, housing, abundant food and gifts of clothing and cash from Buffalo Bill at the end of each season.
Tumblr media
Photo from London - Red Shirt was lionized by the British press and his handsome features and stately bearing caused reporters to hang on his every word. Queen Victoria adored Chief Red Shirt and reportedly said after meeting him, "I know a real prince when I see him."
Tumblr media
William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody, Rosa Bonheur, Chief Rocky Bear, Chief Red Shirt, William "Broncho Bill" Irving, Roland Knoedler, and Benjamin Tedesco in front of Cody's Tent at the Paris Exposition Universelle - 1889
Tumblr media
Another photo of Red Shirt - this time with Cody's company somewhere in Italy, 1890. Front row: No Neck, Rocky Bear, Black Heart, Georgie Duffy, Cody, Bessie Farrell, Annie Oakley, Red Shirt. Others in back row: Buck Taylor (fifth from right), Johnny Baker (fourth from right), Carter Couturier, advertising agent(?) (second from right), Has No Horses (far right)
Tumblr media Tumblr media
Chief Red Shirt's rifle & scabbard.🔼 - Details 🔽
Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media
Chief Red Shirt was a Wild Wester for over thirty years - St. Louis World's Fair, 1904.
Tumblr media
Chief Red Shirt (Ógle Ša) - 1847–1925
275 notes · View notes
mutant-distraction · 2 months
Text
Tumblr media
American Indian Dog
It’s not a wolf, and it’s not a coyote; it’s an American Indian dog. known for its long, pointy ears, thick coat, intense stare, and impressive build.
These working companion animals were almost lost to history after our American Indians were segregated onto reservations, and often left without the resources necessary to maintain the ancient breed.
According to the experts at Animal Corner, the Native American Indian Dog is believed to be up to 30,000 years old. Yes, it's possible that the breed shared parts of North America with some of the earliest Native Americans to inhabit the land. Some specialists have theorized that the Native American Indian Dog breed could even be the missing link between wolves and the modern dog as we know it today.
130 notes · View notes
onceuponatown · 1 year
Photo
Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media
November is National American Indian Heritage Month and we at OUAT have chosen to celebrate the Dakota Sioux with a series of portraits and sceneries from ca 1899 -1910. 
From top to bottom:
Iron White Man.
William Frog.
Susie Shot in the Eye.
Crow Dog.
Julia American Horse.
Red Elk Woman.
Turning Bear.
[Unknown] Sioux child. 
Stampede.
Chief Yellow Hair.
See more from our Native American collection here.
674 notes · View notes
twobluecows · 12 days
Text
The Supernatural Novel Series
"Witches Canyon" Review, written by Jeff Mariotte
For those of you who don't know, there is an official Supernatural novel series with 17 books in total.
I have my hands on 5.
Tumblr media
I just finished reading "Witches Canyon" which is the second book in the series, here is my spoiler-free review.
Rating: 2/5
The story takes place during season two, specifically early December 2006. The boys are investigating a 40-year ghost-murder cycle in Cedar Wells, Arizona, which is brought to their attention via John's journal. They meet some side characters, namely the town Sheriff, a woman named Juliet, and old man Harmon Baird who all are involved with the hunt in some way.
One of my main questions when going into this series was "how do these stories fit into the canon, if at all?" This book fits nicely into the main canon, it is just another hunt the boys go on. There is no outstanding plot hole that goes unanswered.
Overall this book is boring, which makes me sad to say. It took a while for the hunt to really pick up, and we didn't spend much time with Sam and Dean. Additionally, many of the ghosts they were fighting were Native American, and were consistently being referred to as 'Indians'. Both of which are cause the loss of points in my rating.
There were some funny lines and moments from the boys:
Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media
Off topic, but someone, and I'm not naming names (The dog) (Shortie) took a gentle nibble out of my copy.
Tumblr media Tumblr media
This has been the first addition of Arin's Supernatural Novel Reviews, 16 more to come.
29 notes · View notes
vital-information · 2 years
Text
Tumblr media
“Working in a loose, indie film style, Harjo and company build around moments, not plot points, and avoid the temptation to make a grand statement about the situation of American Indians. They use their young heroes' daily life to offer glimpses — some silly, some profoundly moving — of a modern Native American reality that goes beyond the familiar narrative of victimization and misery.
Although they live with poverty and fractured families, the show's characters are vibrantly alive. And there are episodes — like Cheese doing a ride-around with Officer Big; Willie Jack hunting with her dad; or Bear learning to become a roofer — that glow with a warmth and wisdom rare on television. I can think of no other show that gives a clearer sense of what it means to live in a community that feels like a community.
Reservation Dogs evokes a culture in which age-old tribal curses exist alongside discussions of gender pronouns, and the legacy of Crazy Horse sits side-by-side with hip-hop and references to Star Wars. The show is wised up enough to laugh at classic tropes, like the stoic and taciturn Indian, and to make light of the notion of spirit guides. Yet these are jokes from the inside. Even as the show has fun with Native American tradition, it finds a way of doing it honor.”
-- John Powers,  'Reservation Dogs,' now in Season 2, remains one of the most original shows on TV
921 notes · View notes
afeelgoodblog · 2 years
Text
The Top 7 Best News of Last Week — August 22, 2022
🎉🎈 — I created this newsletter exactly one year ago! I hope I have made your weeks slightly better. Thank you for being a subscriber
1. New California law now mandates that the school day start no earlier than 8 am for middle graders and 8:30 am for high schoolers.
Tumblr media
The start of the new school year is right around the corner! And for most middle and high schoolers, that could mean getting more sleep. Starting July 1, a California state law now requires middle school start no earlier than 8 a.m.
For high school, it’s 8:30 a.m. “This is a public health issue because the sleep deprivation in teens is really at epidemic levels,” said Joy Wake, Policy and Advocacy Director for Start School Later.
2. Pennsylvania governor signs executive order banning conversion therapy
Tumblr media
Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Wolf signed an executive order Tuesday to ban conversion therapy, a discredited form of therapy that seeks to change someone’s sexual orientation or gender identity, for minors.
The executive order directs state agencies to discourage conversion therapy for people of all ages, and to instead promote evidence-based practices for supporting LGBTQ people. The order also directs the Department of Human Services, among other agencies, to ensure that state funds are not being used to provide or reimburse for conversion therapy.
3. First Native American woman to travel to space
Tumblr media
Astronaut Nicole Aunapu Mann, of the Wailacki of the Round Valley Indian Tribes, will be mission commander — responsible for all phases of flight. She will go to the International Space Station on 29 September, Nasa says.
“It’s very exciting,” she told newspaper Indian Country Today.
“I think it’s important that we communicate this to our community, so that other Native kids… realise that some of those barriers that used to be there are really starting to get broken down,” she added.
4. 100-acre no cage, no kill dog shelter opening in Alabama
Tumblr media
Big Dog Ranch Rescue — the largest cage-free, no-kill rescue in the U.S. — is opening a 100-acre facility in Alabama.
The ranch will be located at the former home of a greyhound training facility in Shorter in Macon County and will serve as a rescue, rehabilitation, medical and adoption center for dogs across the south. The Alabama property will allow the rescue to save an additional 5,000 dogs each year.
5. Scotland to become first country in world to provide free period products
Tumblr media
On Monday, when the Period Products Act comes into force, councils and education providers in Scotland will be legally required to ensure free sanitary products are available to anyone who needs them.
Scotland’s councils will each decide what exact arrangements are put in place, but they will have a legal obligation to give “anyone who needs them” access to a range of period products “reasonably easily”.
6. World’s smallest sea turtle nests in Louisiana for the first time in 75 years
Tumblr media
“Louisiana was largely written off as a nesting spot for sea turtles decades ago, but this determination demonstrates why barrier island restoration is so important,” Chip Kline, chairman of the Louisiana Coastal Restoration and Protection Authority, said in a news release.
Crews monitoring the Chandeleur Islands — a chain 50 miles (80 kilometers) east of New Orleans — to help design a restoration project found tracks of females going to and from nests and of hatchlings leaving a nest.
7. Sacheen Littlefeather receives formal apology for mistreatment at 1973 Oscars.
youtube
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has formally apologized to Sacheen Littlefeather for her mistreatment at the 1973 Academy Awards, where the Native American actress and civil rights activist was booed and ridiculed as she declined the Best Actor award on Marlon Brando’s behalf.
“The abuse you endured because of this statement was unwarranted and unjustified,” Academy President David Rubin wrote in a “statement of reconciliation” sent to Littefeather in June, and posted on the Academy’s website Monday. “The emotional burden you have lived through and the cost to your own career in our industry are irreparable. For too long the courage you showed has been unacknowledged. For this, we offer both our deepest apologies and our sincere admiration.”
I love how she was able to apply humor to the situation. She quipped, “We Indians are very patient people. It’s only been 50 years”. Bless her, that’s awesome.
...
That's it for this week. This newsletter will always be free. If you liked this post you can support me with a small kofi donation:
Buy me a coffee ❤️
Have a great week ahead.
499 notes · View notes
anarchyinblack · 2 months
Text
"Influenced by hostile official propaganda, the widespread attitude of Allied personnel towards ordinary Germans was certainly as bad as anything faced by the natives living under a European colonial regime. Time and again, Utley notes the remarkable parallels with the treatment and attitude she had previously seen Westerners take towards the native Chinese during most of the 1930s, or that the British had expressed to their Indian colonial subjects. Small German boys, shoeless, destitute, and hungry, eagerly retrieved balls at American sporting-clubs for a tiny pittance. Today it is sometimes disputed whether American cities during the late 19th century actually contained signs reading “No Irish Need Apply,” but Utley certainly saw signs reading “No Dogs or Germans Allowed” outside numerous establishments frequented by Allied personnel.
"Based on my standard history textbooks, I had always believed that there existed a total night-and-day difference in the behavior toward local civilians between the German troops who occupied France from 1940-44 and the Allied troops who occupied Germany from 1945 onward. After reading the detailed accounts of Utley and other contemporaneous sources, I think my opinion was absolutely correct, but with the direction reversed."
Utley believed part of the reason for this utterly disastrous situation was deliberate American government policy. Although the Morgenthau Plan—aimed at eliminating half or so of Germany’s population—had been officially abandoned and replaced with the Marshall Plan promoting German revival, she found that many aspects of the former actually still held sway in practice. Even as late as 1948, huge portions of the German industrial base continued to be dismantled and shipped off to other countries while very tight restrictions on German production and exports remained in place. Indeed, the level of poverty, misery, and oppression she saw everywhere almost seemed deliberately calculated to turn ordinary Germans against America and its Western allies, perhaps opening the door to Communist sympathies. Such suspicions are certainly strengthened when we consider that this system had been devised by Harry Dexter White, later revealed to be a Soviet agent.
She was especially scathing about the total perversion of any basic notions of human justice during the Nuremberg Tribunal and various other war crime trials, a subject to which she devoted two full chapters. These judicial proceedings exhibited the worst sort of legal double-standards, with leading Allied judges explicitly stating that their own countries were not at all bound by the same international legal conventions which they claimed to be enforcing against German defendants. Even more shocking were some of the measures used, with outraged American jurists and journalists revealing that horrific torture, threats, blackmail, and other entirely illegitimate means were regularly employed to obtain confessions or denunciations of others, a situation that strongly suggested a very considerable number of those condemned and hanged were entirely innocent.
These days we endlessly read painful discussions of the notorious “Trail of Tears” suffered by the Cherokees in the distant past of the early 19th century, but this rather similar 20th Century event was nearly a thousand-fold larger in size. Despite this huge discrepancy in magnitude and far greater distance in time, I would guess that the former event may command a thousand times the public awareness among ordinary Americans. If so, this would demonstrate that overwhelming media control can easily shift perceived reality by a factor of a million or more.
Her book also gave substantial coverage to the organized expulsions of ethnic Germans from Silesia, the Sudatenland, East Prussia, and various other parts of Central and Eastern Europe where they had peacefully lived for many centuries, with the total number of such expellees generally estimated at 13 to 15 million. Families were sometimes given as little as ten minutes to leave the homes in which they had resided for a century or more, then forced to march off on foot, sometimes for hundreds of miles, towards a distant land they had never seen, with their only possessions being what they could carry in their own hands. In some cases, any surviving menfolk were separated out and shipped off to slave-labor camps, thereby producing an exodus consisting solely of women, children, and the very elderly. All estimates were that at least a couple million perished along the way, from hunger, illness, or exposure.
The population movement certainly seems to have represented the largest ethnic-cleansing in the history of the world, and if the Germany had ever done anything even remotely similar during its years of European victories and conquests, the visually-gripping scenes of such an enormous flood of desperate, trudging refugees would surely have become a centerpiece of numerous World War II movies of the last seventy years. But since nothing like that ever happened, Hollywood screenwriters lost a tremendous opportunity.
38 notes · View notes
kangals · 9 months
Note
What's your thoughts on American Indian dogs? (This is a picture of 2 of them that came into the pet supply store I used to work at).
Tumblr media
im gonna be honest, i know they exist but not much beyond that - they're not a breed i find particularly interesting, so i haven't looked into them. are these the same things as native american indian dogs, or are those different? there's sooo many of these generic-husky-shepherdy-wolfy projects that i can never remember what is what. but at least with NAIDs i'm pretty sure i remember some bullshit going around recently with a breeder(s?) claiming their dogs had no wolf content when they actually had a significant amount, which is, uh, wildly unethical.
i'm also innately distrustful of any sort of 'historic breed recreation' like this because they tend to be a very... almost fetishistic sort of project. especially considering this is supposed to be a recreation of the dogs that lived with native americans and first nations. are native people actually involved in this project and helping with guidance and direction? or is this just yet another case of Dog People deciding that a historic, landrace breed should Actually Look Like This and ignoring their place of origin? are we actually studying the historic dogs and using the modern american village dogs and rez dogs that still exist today as our founders? or are we just mashing wolfy-looking breeds together because wolves = majestic = totally native american?
idk man i'd love to be proven wrong here, so if someone can refute this and show me that this is a project sanctioned by actual native peoples and with a concise goal in mind, cool. but my surface impression has been more or less that it's Dog People playing dress-up with wolfy-looking dogs under the guise of claiming it's a breed recreation.
92 notes · View notes
queering-ecology · 1 month
Text
Tumblr media
This is a summary (and maybe slight critique) of LGBTQ America: A Theme Study of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer History—chapter 09. Sexual and Gender Diversity in Native America and the Pacific Islands by Will Roscoe.
This piece is interesting as the theme study was published by the National Park Foundation and the National Park Service. (Connections can be made to the history of parks as places of constructing heteromasculinity and heteronormativity as well as their role in colonialism, but also the historic presence of queerness in rural places. )
This chapter discusses the significant diversity in gender roles, sexualities and identities among the indigenous peoples of ‘the united states’ though in my writing I would refer to the land, at least when discussing the land prior to colonialism, as Turtle Island.
Two Spirits in Native Tradition: Roles, Genders, Identities and Diversity
Roscoe chooses to begin the story from the perspective of a French colonizer whose intentions were to claim land for the French in what is now called Florida. His party is lost and tired and is saved by a Native who was probably from the Timucua people (09-2). This person gave the colonizers water and was described as, “an Indian woman of tall stature, which also was an Hermaphrodite” and later he encountered another ‘hermaphrodite’ serving as an emissary of a Timucuan king.  
“The multiplicity of gender and sexuality among native peoples was noted as early as 1540 along the Colorado River by Alarcon, in the 1770s in Hawai’I by Cook’s third expedition and in the same decade by Russian explorers in Alaska” (09-3). By being noticed, these gender diverse people had become targets for colonial violence. Such as when in 1513, “Vasco Nunez de Balboa had forty-two spirits in Panama thrown to his dogs” (09-3). I want to pause and be genuinely horrified and to feel sorrow for these people whose ‘crime’ was being different from what the colonists in their fucked-up worldview, knew.
Hermaphrodite is a term that was used by Europeans and other colonists to describe native people they encountered who appeared to be crossing or mixing genders. For the Europeans from this time, the term hermaphrodite “could indicate intersexuality, androgyny, or homosexuality” (09-4). In reality, “the sheer diversity of Native American and Pacific Island cultures makes the use of any umbrella term problematic” (09-3).
But colonists did often use other terms such as ‘sodomites’ and berdache—the latter of which became a ‘frontier’ term (used between colonists and Natives) to identify a social role among various tribes (09-4). The actual origins of the term linguistically are quite old but are not Native and was largely defined as a “younger or subordinate partner in a male homosexual relationship” (09-4).
16 notes · View notes
lilithism1848 · 6 months
Text
Atrocities US committed against NATIVE AMERICANS
In 2016, the US army corp of engineers approved a Energy Transfer Partners’ proposal to build an oil pipeline near the Standing Rock Indian Reservation, sparking the Dakota Access Pipeline Protests, evoking a brutal response from North Dakota police aided by the National Guard, private security firms, and other law enforcement agencies from surrounding states. The Standing Rock Sioux tribe believes that the pipeline would put the Missouri River, the water source for the reservation, at risk, pointing out two recent spills, a 2010 pipeline spill into the Kalamazoo River in Michigan, which cost over billion to clean up with significant contamination remaining, and a 2015 Bakken crude oil spill into the Yellowstone River in Montana. Police repression has included dogs attacking protesters, spraying water cannons on protesters in sub-freezing temperatures, >700 arrests of Native Americans and ~200 injuries, a highly militarized police force using armored personnel carriers, concussion grenades, mace, Tasers, batons, rubber bullets, and tear gas. In November 2017, the keystone XL pipeline burst, spilling 210,000 gallons of oil in Amherst, South Dakota. 
In 1975, FBI agents attacked AIM activists on the Pine Ridge Reservation, in the ‘Pine Ridge Shootout’. Two FBI agents, and an AIM activist were killed. In two separate trials, the U.S. prosecuted participants in the firefight for the deaths of the agents. AIM members Robert Robideau and Dino Butler were acquitted after asserting that they had acted in self–defense. Leonard Peltier was extradited from Canada and tried separately because of the delay. He was convicted on two counts of first–degree murder for the deaths of the FBI agents and sentenced to two consecutive terms of life in prison, after a trial which is still contentious. He remains in prison.
In 1973, 200 Oglala Lakota and AIM activists occupied the town of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, on the Pine Ridge Reservation, called the Wounded knee incident. They were protesting the reservation’s corrupt US-backed tribal chairman, Dick Wilson, who controlled a private militia, called Guardians of the Oglala Nation (GOONs), funded by the government. FBI, US marshals, and other law enforcement cordoned off the area and attacked the activists with armored vehicles, automatic rifles, machine guns, grenade launchers, and gas shells, resulting in two killed and 13 wounded. Ray Robinson, a civil rights activist who joined the protesters, disappeared during the events and is believed to have been murdered. As food supplies became short, three planes dropped 1,200 pounds of food, but as people scrambled to gather it up, a government helicopter appeared overhead and fired down on them while groundfire came from all sides. After the siege ended in a truce, 120 occupiers were arrested. Wilson stayed in office and in 1974 was re-elected amid charges of intimidation, voter fraud, and other abuses. The rate of violence climbed on the reservation as conflict opened between political factions in the following three years; residents accused Wilson’s private militia of much of it. 
In Nov. 1969, a group of 89 Native Americans occupied Alcatraz Island for 15 months, to gauge the US’s commitment to the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), which stated that all abandoned federal land must be returned to native people. Eventually the government cut off all electrical power and all telephone service to the island. In June, a fire of disputed origin destroyed numerous buildings on the island. Left without power, fresh water, and in the face of diminishing public support and sympathy, the number of occupiers began to dwindle. On June 11, 1971, a large force of government officers removed the remaining 15 people from the island.
From its creation in 1968, The American Indian Movement (AIM) has been a target of repression from law enforcement agencies, and surveillance as one of the FBI’s COINTELPRO targets. This includes the wounded knee incident and the pine ridge shootout. 
In 1942 the federal government took privately held Pine Ridge Indian Reservation land owned by tribal members in order to establish the Badlands Bombing Range of 341,725 acres, evicting 125 families. Among the families evicted was that of Pat Cuny, an Oglala Sioux. He fought in World War II in the Battle of the Bulge after surviving torpedoing of his transport in the English Channel. Dewey Beard, a Miniconjou Sioux survivor of the Wounded Knee Massacre, who supported himself by raising horses on his 908-acre allotment received in 1907 was also evicted. The small federal payments were insufficient to enable such persons to buy new properties. In 1955 the 97-year-old Beard testified of earlier mistreatment at Congressional hearings about this project. He said, for “fifty years I have been kicked around. Today there is a hard winter coming. …I might starve to death.”
In 1890, US soldiers killed 150-300 people (including 65 women and 24 children) at Wounded Knee (19-26 people, including two women and eleven children.) on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of South Dakota. Twenty-five soldiers also died, and 39 were wounded (6 of the wounded later died). At least twenty soldiers were awarded the Medal of Honor. The event was driven by local racism towards the practice of Ghost Dancing, which whites found distasteful, and the Native Americans arming up in response to repeated broken treaties, stolen land, and their bison-herds being hunted to near extinction by the whites.
In 1887, the Dawes Act, and Curtis Act, resulted in the loss of 90 million acres of native-alloted land, and the abolition of many native governments. During the ensuing decades, the Five Civilized Tribes lost 90 million acres of former communal lands, which were sold to non-Natives. In addition, many individuals, unfamiliar with land ownership, became the target of speculators and criminals, were stuck with allotments that were too small for profitable farming, and lost their household lands. Tribe members also suffered from the breakdown of the social structure of the tribes.
Starting in the 1870s, The US army, aided by settlers and private hunters, began a widespread policy of slaughtering bufallo and bison, in order to destroy many tribe’s primary food source, and to starve Native Americans into submission. By 1900, they succeeded; the bufallo population dropped from more than 30 million, to a few hundred. The country’s highest generals, politicians, and presidents including Ulysses S. Grant, saw the destruction of buffalo as solution to the country’s “Indian Problem.” By destroying the food supply of the plains natives, they could more easily move them onto reservations.
Starting in 1830-50, The Trail of Tears was a series of forced removals of Native American nations, including Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, Cherokee people and the African freedmen and slaves who lived among them, from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to an area west of the Mississippi River that had been designated as Native Territory. The forced relocations were carried out by various government authorities following the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. “Marshaled by guards, hustled by agents, harried by contractors,they were being herded on the way to an unknown and unwelcome destination like a flock of sick sheep.” They went on ox wagons, on horses, on foot, then to be ferried across the MississippiRiver. The army was supposed to organize their trek, but it turned over its job to private contractors who charged the government as much as possible, gave the Indians as little as possible. The Cherokee removal in 1838 (the last forced removal east of the Mississippi) was brought on by the discovery of gold near Dahlonega, Georgia in 1828, resulting in the Georgia Gold Rush. Approximately 2,000-6,000 of the 16,543 relocated Cherokee perished along the way.
In 1848, the California Genocide is a term used to describe the drastic decrease in Native American population in California. The population decreased from ~300,000 in 1769, to 16,000 in 1900. 
The Second Seminole War, also known as the Florida War, was a conflict from 1835 to 1842 in Florida between various groups of Native Americans collectively known as Seminoles and the United States, part of a series of conflicts called the Seminole Wars. The Second Seminole War, often referred to as the Seminole War, is regarded as “the longest and most costly of the Indian conflicts of the United States.” ~3000 seminoles were killed, and 4000 were deported to Indian territory elsewhere. 
In 1832, the Black Hawk War, was a brief 1832 conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader, in Illinois. The war gave impetus to the US policy of Indian removal, in which Native American tribes were pressured to sell their lands and move west of the Mississippi River and stay there. Over 500 Native Americans were killed in the conflict.
In 1832, the Chickasaw Indians were forced by the US to sell their country in 1832 and move to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) during the era of Indian Removal in the 1830s.
In 1813, the Creek War, was a war between the US, lead by the then notorious indian-hunter Andrew Jackson, and the Creek nation, residing primarily in Alabama. Over 1,500 creeks were killed. The war effectively ended with the Treaty of Fort Jackson, where General Andrew Jackson insisted that the Creek confederacy cede more than 21 million acres of land from southern Georgia and central Alabama. These lands were taken from allied Creek as well as Red Sticks. In 1814, Andrew Jackson became famous for his role in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, where his side killed more than 800 Creeks. Under Jackson, and the man he chose to succeed him, Martin Van Buren, 70,000 Indians east of the Mississippi were forced westward.
The Red Sticks, a faction of Muscogee Creek people in the American Southeast, led a resistance movement against European-American encroachment and assimilation; tensions culminated in the outbreak of the Creek War in 1813.
From 1785-96, the Northwest Indian War was a war between the US and a confederation of numerous Native American tribes, with support from the British, for control of the Northwest Territory. President George Washington directed the United States Army to enforce U.S. sovereignty over the territory. Over 1,000 Native Americans were killed in the bloody conflict.
In the 1800s, Indian removal was a policy of the United States government whereby Native Americans were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River, thereafter known as Indian Territory. That policy has been characterized by some scholars as part of a long-term genocide of Native Americans. 
The Texan-Indian Wars were a series of 19th-century conflicts between settlers in Texas and the Southern Plains Indians. Its hard to approximate the number of deaths from the conflicts, but the Indian population in Texas decreased from 20,000 to 8,000 by 1875.
The Indian Wars is a name given to the collection of over 40 conflicts and wars between Native Americans and US settlers. The US census bureau reports that they have cost the lives of about 19,000 white men, women and children, including those killed in individual combats, and the lives of about 30,000 Indians. The actual number of killed and wounded Indians must be very much higher than the number given… Fifty percent additional would be a safe estimate.
From 1500-1900s, European and later US colonists and authorities displaced and committed genocide on the Native American Population. Ward Churchill characterizes the reduction of the North American Indian population from an estimated 12 million in 1500 to barely 237,000 in 1900 as a “vast genocide.. the most sustained on record.
29 notes · View notes