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lifeofresulullah · 3 years

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The Life of The Prophet Muhammad(pbuh): The Battle of Khandaq and Afterwards

The Expedition of Is

(6th year of the Migration, the month of Jumadalula)

It was heard in Madinah that a trade caravan belonging to the Qurayshi polytheists was going to Makkah from Damascus.

The Prophet sent a group of cavalrymen consisting of one hundred and seventy people under the command of Zayd b. Haritha in order to capture that caravan and to leave the Qurayshi polytheists in a difficult situation economically.

The mujahids confronted the Qurayshi caravan in a place called Is. They captured the goods in the caravan and held the people captive. Abu’l As b. Rabi, the husband of Hazrat Zaynab, the daughter of the Prophet was among the captives.

The mujahids took the goods and the captives to Madinah. The Prophet divided the goods among the mujahids.

Abu’l-As is Released

Abu’l-As said to Zaynab, “Ask your father to free me.”

Zaynab told the Muslims that she took Abu’l As under protection. The Prophet said to his daughter, “We also took under protection the person that you took under protection.”

Hazrat Zaynab asked the Prophet to return the goods of Abu’l As that were taken as booty. The Prophet asked the mujahids to return them. The mujahids returned all of the goods that they had taken to him.

Abu’l-As Declares that He is a Muslim

Abu’l As returned to Makkah with the goods that were returned to him. He gave the goods to their owners. Then he said, “O Qurayshis! Does anybody have any goods or rights to take from me?” They said,

“No. We have no goods or rights to claim from you.”

The spiritual mood of Abu’l As had changed due to the generous treatment of the Messenger of God, his wife Zaynab and Muslims. He explained it to the Qurayshi polytheists as follows:

“By God, the only thing that prevented me from becoming a Muslim was my concern that you would rumor, ‘He became a Muslim to take our goods.’ However, I have delivered your goods to you now. I witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the slave and Messenger of God!”

Then, Abu’l-As returned to Madinah having the honor of being a Muslim. The Prophet married Zaynab off to him again.

ABDURRAHMAN B. AWF IS SENT TO DUMATU’L-JANDAL

(6th year of the Migration, the month of Shaban)

In this month, the Prophet prepared a company of seven hundred people under the command of Abdurrahman b. Awf. The duty of the company was to call the people of the land of Dumatu’l-Jandal to Islam.

When the Messenger of God gave the standard to Abdurrahman b. Awf, he addressed the mujahids after praising God:

“Fight in the way and in the name of God! Fight the unbelievers! Do not betray the goods of booty! Do not violate your agreements! Do not cut off the noses, ears and similar organs of the people that you killed! Do not kill small children!”

Then, the Prophet preached Muslims in general as follows:

“O people! I take refuge in God from five misfortunes that will hit you:

When ugly acts become widespread and are committed openly in a community, unprecedented diseases, pains and agonies will appear.

When a nation deals in fraud and gives less than due when they give by measure or weight, they will suffer famine and drought, financial difficulty and oppression.

If a nation does not pay zakah (alms) for their goods, they will lack rain.

If a nation violates the treaty of God and His Messenger, their enemy will attack on them. The enemy will take some of their possessions.

When the rulers of a nation do not act in accordance with the Quran, when they avoid applying the decrees of God, God will cause discord and battles among them.”

After that, Abdurrahman b. Awf set off toward Dumatu’l-Jandal together with the Muslims under his command. When he arrived there, he called them to Islam. He repeated his call for three days.

On the third day, Asbagh b. Amr al-Kalbi, their leader, who was a Christian, became a Muslim. Many people embraced Islam with him. Those who did not become Muslims stayed there on condition that they paid jizyah (a kind of tax paid by non-Muslims).

When the Prophet saw Abdurrahman b. Awf and the mujahids off, the Prophet had said to him, “If they embrace Islam, marry the daughter of their leader.”

Upon this order of the Prophet, Abdurrahman married Tumadir, the daughter of Asbagh, their leader; then, he returned to Madinah together with her and the Muslims.

THE FIRST RAIN PRAYER OF THE PROPHET

There was a big drought and famine in the 6th year of the Migration.

While reciting the sermon on a Friday in the month of Ramadan, the Messenger of God was asked, “Pray God to send us rain.”

Thereupon, the Prophet prayed, “O God! Send us rain! O God! Send us rain! O God! Send us rain!”

All of a sudden, the sky which was as clear as a mirror, became full of clouds and it started to rain.

Then, the Prophet prayed, “O God! Make it rain heavily and make it beneficial for us.”

Anas b. Malik says,

“It rained so much that we could hardly go to our houses. It rained that day, the next day, the day after that day until the next Friday.”

While reciting the sermon on the next Friday, the Prophet was asked to pray God to stop the rain this time. They said,

“O Messenger of God! The houses started to collapse; the roads were blocked. Will you pray God to stop the rain?”

The Messenger of God smiled, opened his hand by raising them and prayed, “O God! Send the rain around us not on us.”

Anas b. Malik says,

“While the Messenger of God was praying, the parts of the sky to which he pointed became clear, and Madinah became like an open square. It was raining around Madinah but not even one raindrop fell on Madinah. The people who came from outside Madinah said it was raining a lot there.”

It was the first rain prayer performed by the Messenger of God. He performed five more rain prayers at different times after that.

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lifeofresulullah · 4 years

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The Life of The Prophet Muhammad: The Treaty of Hudaybiyah and Calling the Great States of the World to Islam

The Treaty of Hudaybiyah: Part 3

Hazrat Umar Talks to Abu Bakr

Hazrat could not soothe his feelings in his inner world despite his talk with the Prophet.

This time, he went to Hazrat Abu Bakr and said, “O Abu Bakr! Is he not the true prophet of God?”

Hazrat Abu Bakr said, “Yes, he is the true prophet of God.”

He asked, “Are we, Muslims, on the right way and are the polytheists, our enemies, on the wrong way?”

Hazrat Abu Bakr answered, “Yes, we are on the right way and our enemies are on the wrong way.”

Thereupon, Hazrat Umar said, “Then, why do we allow our religion to be humiliated?”

Hz. Abu Bakr, who was a symbol of loyalty, said, “O Umar! He is the Messenger of God. He did not disobey God when he signed this treaty. Obey his orders.”

Hazrat Umar said, “Did he not tell us in Madinah, ‘We will go to the Kaaba and circumambulate it?’”

Hazrat Abu Bakr said, “Yes, he did.” Then he asked Hazrat Umar, “Did he say, ‘You will go to the Kaaba and circumambulate it this year?”

Hazrat Umar said, “No, he didn’t.”

Thereupon, Hazrat Abu Bakr said, “You will definitely go to the Kaaba and circumambulate it soon.”

The Confession and Regret of Hazrat Umar

Hazrat Umar later stated his mood that day and the regret he felt as follows:

“I had never suffered a misfortune like that day. I talked to the Prophet (pbuh) in a style that I had never done before. If I had found a group that had the same view as me, I would have left those who supported the peace and the treaty and would have acted together with them. Eventually, God made it better for us. The Messenger of God (pbuh) knew that it was going to turn out like that. I fasted, gave sadaqah, performed prayers and freed slaves due to the fear I felt because of the words that I uttered in the presence of the Messenger of God that day hoping that it would turn out to be good.”

Sacrificing Animals and Having Haircuts

After signing the treaty and making peace, the Messenger of God called out to the Companions, “Stand up, sacrifice your animals and have haircuts.”

However, despite the endless respect and love of the Companions toward the Prophet, nobody moved when they heard the order. The Prophet had to repeat his order for the second time: “Stand up, sacrifice your animals and then have haircuts!”

However, the Companions acted as if they had not heard the order; they did not start to sacrifice the animals and have haircuts.

The Messenger of God repeated his order for the third time: “Stand up, sacrifice your animals and then have haircuts!”

The Companions did not move.

When the Messenger of God saw that nobody from the Companions moved though he repeated his order three times, he went to Umm Salama, one of his wives and said,

“O Umm Salama! What is the matter with them? I said to them repeatedly, ‘Sacrifice your animals and have haircuts but they do not fulfill my order!”

Umm Salama, who was exceptionally intelligent and virtuous said, “O Messenger of God! Do you want to do it? Then, go out and do not say even one word to the Companions until you slaughter your animal and your barber gives you a haircut. If you slaughter your animal and have your hair cut, they will do so, too.”

Thereupon, the Prophet went out. He removed his ihram under his right armpit and put it on his left shoulder; he sacrificed his camel and called his barber, Khirash b. Umayya; Umayya cut his hair.

Thereupon, the Companions started to sacrifice their camels and have their hair cut.

Umm Salama narrates,

“They ran toward the animals to be sacrificed so fast that they nearly ran over one another.”

It cannot be said that the Companions did not fulfill the repeated order of the Messenger of God to oppose him. They probably thought the articles of the peace treaty were too harsh and expected that the treaty would be annulled by revelation; they expected that the Messenger of God would annul his order. At least, they thought they would be allowed to enter Makkah so that they would complete their umrah. They waited for it to happen. As a matter of fact, when they saw that no revelation was sent down regarding the issue, that the Messenger of God sacrificed his camel and that he had his hair cut, they started to sacrifice their camels quickly and had their hair cut so as not to oppose the Messenger of God.

We understand from this incidence that Umm Salama had exceptional intelligence and virtue. It was even said, “No woman in the history of Islam showed the sagacity and foresight that Umm Salama showed in Hudaybiyah.

The Prophet Says a Prayer

Some of the Companions were having their hair shaved and others were having their hair trimmed. The Prophet said, “May God show mercy on those who have their hair shaved.”

The Companions who had their hair trimmed hesitated for a moment when they heard this prayer. They asked the Prophet to say the same prayer for them, too. The Prophet said, “May God show mercy on those who have their hair shaved.”

The Companions said, “O Messenger of God! Pray for those who have their hair cut or trimmed, too. The Messenger of God said, “May God show mercy on those who have their hair cut or trimmed!”

The Companions asked, “O Messenger of God! Why did you ask for mercy for those who had their hair shaved but excluded those who had their hair trimmed first?”

The Messenger of God gave the following answer:

“Because those who had their hair shaved fulfilled the order fully; they did not hesitate like the others.”

After the Companions had their hair cut, a wind sent by God blew their hair toward the Kaaba. They regarded it as the acceptance of their umrah and gave the glad tidings to one another.

Leaving Hudaybiyah

After staying in Hudaybiyah for about twenty days with his Companions, the Messenger of God left Hudaybiyah in order to return to Madinah.

The Companions were very sorry because they had to return without visiting the Kaaba.

Meanwhile, when the Messenger of God was in the place called Kurau’l Ghamim, which is between Makkah and Madinah, the chapter of al-Fath, which gave the Muslims the glad tidings that they would attain great conquests: “Verily We have granted thee a manifest Victory”

God Almighty also stated in the chapter He sent down that the Messenger of God and the Muslims would soon go and visit the Kaaba, confirming the dream that the Prophet had seen:

“Truly did God fulfill the vision for His Messenger: Ye shall enter the Sacred Mosque, if God wills, with minds secure, heads, shaved, hair cut short, and without fear. For He knew what ye knew not and He granted besides this a speedy victory.”

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