#ronald f. maxwell

[schlock-luster-video]

On June 14, 1980 Little Darlings debuted in Japan.

#little darlings #ronald f. maxwell #tatum o'neal #kristy mcnichol #teen comdy movies #teen comedy movie #teenspolitation movies #1980s cinema #1980s #movie art #art #drawing #movie history

[pintsizeddeepthoughts]

25 of 250: Favorite Film Reviews - Gettysburg

Not long ago, work colleagues and I got into a discussion about what our favorite films were. Given my categorical nature I could not resist writing down a list and, as a writing challenge, have decided to write 250 word reviews of my favorite 25 films of all-time. Note: these are my favorite films, not what I think are the best films of all time.

Directed by: Ronald F. Maxwell

Written by: Ronald F. Maxwell

Starring: Martin Sheen, Tom Berenger, Jeff Daniels, Sam Elliot, Stephen Lang, Kevin Conway

Year/Country: 1993, United States

I love long movies. While there is certainly an art to creating an effective 90 minute feature, the skill involved in sustaining narrative focus and momentum for three to four hours is rare. At 4 hours and 14 minutes, Ronald Maxwell’s Gettysburg is one of the longest films released by a major American studio. The film depicts the pivotal three day Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War where the Union army turned back Robert E. Lee’s Confederate invasion of Pennsylvania in the largest and bloodiest battle of the conflict.

The film is so focused on the battle itself that not a single woman was cast in the film. Maxwell employed thousands of reenactors to be the opposing armies, which lends the film vital authenticity. However, it’s Maxwell’s script that’s this movie’s secret weapon. Working from Michael Shaara’s The Killer the Angels, Maxwell’s narrative focus concerns the theme of overreach. Case in point: near the start of the film a Federal commander lays out a nightmare scenario in which the Union loses the battle and feels powerless to stop it. That’s exactly what happens - to the Confederates. Confederate general James Longstreet (a very, very good Tom Berenger) is ordered to carry out the doomed, climactic Pickett's Charge. He knows what will happen. He passionately advises a hubristic General Lee (Martin Sheen) against it, but it’s out of his control. That this was foreshadowed hours ago in the film and happens this way is ironic - and justifies the film’s length.

#25 of 250 #favorite films #film review #gettysburg movie #gettysburg #battle of gettysburg #ronald f maxwell #martin sheen #tom berenger #jeff daniels #sam elliott

[bthebeachboi]

Was thinking about states, Gov's "non-existence" n names, so some name hc

Gov's civil name is "Con/Kon" from Congress being his first given name by states. He cherishes it more than he likes to show.

Cal's name is, ofc, Cal. B likes to just go by B and laugh that his real name is too hard to pronounce.

He took his dead human lover's name which was Brian, it's not particularly hard, but it's special to him and he will never forget it. He dislikes when people call him Bri so he stopped giving it away (since B is the most cryptid cryptid I have, he also likes to say how names have power)

Gov sometimes uses the fact that he can make others not notice it's him by "hiding" his face. It doesn't technically have a look since the whole "power" is just removing all of the specifics making him blank but not inhuman. PA who has been the longest near faceless Gov said: "It's just... So blurry. The harder you try to look, the less you see and it just starts to give you headache and it feels like the worst hangover ever."

Also PA hates when Gov does it, remembering that when the man hid right under his nose, he couldn't tell (but that's for another day)

NY likes not using a civil name, mostly because he has pride to his name deep inside and he doesn't like the name that's used for him, but he can't care, right? Mass likes to use Nat for him or just Nick if York is in a worse humor. The unused name at the moments becomes NYC's name if he will be in the same place at the moment. (maybe that's why he always feels disgusted when using them for himself, but how could he tell that to his city, to anyone? NYC has it already hard with being the hated and the beloved)

Mass likes Max because it sounds close enough and is short, but if he's annoyed with someone he'll tell them to call him Maxwell. He says that because he doesn't even react to Maxwell, even if he reacts to Max. (He might be lying to people that it's just how it is, not telling them that he can't hear well enough to hear a difference between Max and Mass sometimes, everything and everyone too loud, being too much for him to care.)

Louisiana obviously uses Louis, but he usually - like Mass - asks people to "sweeten it". He doesn't like the formality of Louis, but Florida always calls him Loui so he can't change it (he will jokingly act like he hates Loui sometimes, just to not show how warm inside it makes him when he has a worse day)

Florida used to go by Filip, being it a name given by government at the time that DC already took Gov's place, but since Gov came back, his new name became Dio. The whole story in short was about how many times he could hear oldest government say "Dios Mio" when they met, always being said towards him, likely without a second thought. He still sometimes tells people that his name is Filip with a F because they always look at him weird, but Louisiana uses Dio way more even if it's newer, saying that it just fits for him and it rolls from his tongue with ease.

Alaska likes Alexander, it has that weird, cold and smooth feeling to it and usually people are easy to scare off when he uses the last bits of his deep Russian accent to say it to them, but RI and Hawaï use Al for him in public which destroys the whole scarry thing.

Hawaï doesn't give others her name and everyone who should know it usually also knows that she's a "state", she finds it funny when RI has to talk about her without giving her a name.

RI himself has few names, usually using Ron(ald), not from his own will but Because PA won't stop calling him that in front of random people. (He doesn't mind the short version of it, but Texas called him once Ronald Mcdonald and he bodied the mf, it still didn't stop bothering him til today)

Texas and Tennessee both used Terry few times, Tenn using also Tyler sometimes near South Carolina, because they end up fighting over names when the other man is away. In the end Texas uses Taylor and Tenn uses Tyler which makes them sound like a sibling when they are together at the time.

#just rambling rat #rat rambles #Headcanons #bthebeachboi #beach!cal #beachcalifornia #welcome to the table #welcome to the statehouse #wttt #Name hc #Gov being George is over fed to me n I'm sick of it #Also George sounds as weird as it is #It's too personal if ya know what I mean

[vsthepomegranate]

Little Darlings (1980)

by Ronald F. Maxwell

#1980s movies #tatum o'neal #kristy mcnichol #teen sex comedy #Matt Dillon

[namenerdery]

Boys with interesting names born in Ohio between 2016-2020 [F, G & H]

Fate Noel Jordan Fellow Henry Fender Joseph Fennixx Princzton Fenrir Hyperion Alexandros

Ferrari Blade Fielder William Floki Danger Flynnigan Douglas Forever Royal Blessings

Fredmond James Future Joseph

Gadston Lee Ray Galahad Ronald Galaxson Wade Gambit Xavier Ronald Gannondorf Soma

Gator Italiano General Hezekiah Genius Allen Glorious Evangelion Gohan Alexander

Goku Alejandro Anthony Mario Enrique Gold Neon Golden Prince Gotham Sparta Graeyson Danial

Grandiose Grandsin Granite Danger Gratice Amor Graysten Scott Grizzly Lex

Hades Michael May Handsome Angel Happy Day Hatcher Mountain Haxton Richard

Heightson Allen Louis Helix Grey Hezackiah Nathan Hickory Kyle Highland Francis

Hixson Franz Hollywood Kyngston Honest Lee Horus Alexander Payton Hound Maxwell

Howl Everett Huckleberry Fox Hue Eden Hueston Thomas Hurricane T'Challa Hyndrixx Clayton Lee

#ohio #ohioboys #names #babynames

[filmes-online-facil]

Assistir Filme Deuses e Generais Online fácil

Assistir Filme Deuses e Generais Online Fácil é só aqui: https://filmesonlinefacil.com/filme/deuses-e-generais/

Deuses e Generais - Filmes Online Fácil

Uma nação em guerra com sua própria essência. Três bravos homens, em três batalhas cruciais. Os homens: Joshua Chamberlain, "Stonewall" Jackson, Robert E. Lee. As batalhas: Manassas, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville. Pelos olhos desses combatentes, testemunharemos a bravura e as diferenças de uma nação que, como uma mãe, assiste aos seus filhos guerrearem bem abaixo de seus seios. Baseado no bestseller de Jeffrey M. Shaara, Deuses e Generais retrata as intensas alianças e os grandiosos combates do começo da Guerra Civil norte-americana. Ronald F. Maxwell dirige o épico cujos acontecimentos antecedem cronologicamente os fatos relatados na obra Gettysburg, do mesmo autor.

[fictionz]

New Fiction 2022 - October

Short Stories & Chapters

"Leonora" by Everil Worrell (1927)

"The Hollow Man" by Norman Partridge (1991)

"The Black Stone Statue" by Mary Elizabeth Counselman (1937)

"The Door" by Ann R. Loverock (2020)

"The Events at Poroth Farm" by T.E.D. Klein (1972)

"The Dead Wagon" by Greye La Spina (1927)

"Soft" by F. Paul Wilson (1984)

"Beelzebub" by Robert Bloch (1963)

"The Black Phone" by Joe Hill (2004)

"The Angle of Horror" by Cristina Fernández Cubas (1996)

"The Striding Place" by Gertrude Atherton (1896)

"The Fall of the House of Usher" by Edgar Allan Poe (1839)

"The Nurse's Story" by Elizabeth Gaskell (1852)

"The Girl With the Hungry Eyes" by Fritz Leiber (1949)

"The Summer People" by Shirley Jackson (1950)

"The Husband Stitch" by Carmen Maria Machado (2014)

"The Phantom 'Rickshaw" by Rudyard Kipling (1888)

"Scales" by Cherene Sherrard (2017)

"The Aztec" by Carmen Baca (2020)

"The Reaper's Image" by Stephen King (1969)

"The Mummy’s Foot" by Théophile Gautier (1840)

"When the Gentlemen Go By" by Margaret Ronald (2008)

"The Pear-Shaped Man" by George R.R. Martin (1987)

"Turn Out the Light" by Penelope Love (2015)

"Unseen—Unfeared" by Francis Stevens (1919)

"The White Cormorant" by Frithjof Spalder (1971)

"A Ghost Story" by Mark Twain (1870)

"The Signal-Man" by Charles Dickens (1866)

"Rearview" by Samantha Hunt (2020)

"The Green Bowl" by Sarah Orne Jewett (1901)

"A Good Student" by Nuzo Onoh (2014)

Dracula Daily - "October" by Bram Stoker & ed. Matt Kirkland (1897, 2021)

Comic Shorts & Single Issues

"Swamp Monster" by Basil Wolverton (1953)

"The Portrait of Sal Pullman" by Lonnie Nadler & Abby Howard (2019)

"O Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad" by M.R. James & Abby Howard (2019)

"Rainbow Sprinkles" by W. Maxwell Prince, Chris O’Halloran, Martín Morazzo, Nimit Malavia (2018)

"Mirror, Mirror, on the Wall!" by Jack Davis, et al. (1953)

"The Harvest" by Shannon Campbell & Pam Wishbow (2016)

"In Each and Every Package" by Reed Crandall, et al. (1954)

"Roots in Hell" by Richard Corben (2016)

"Mars Is Heaven!" by Ray Bradbury, Wally Wood, et al. (1953)

"Save the Last Dance for Me!" by Dennis O'Neil & Pat Boyette (1969)

"Infected" by Bruce Jones, Richard Corben, Steve Oliff (1982)

"Unpleasant Side Effects" by Kerry Gammill, Sam F. Park, Mar Omega (2010)

"The Boar's Head Beast" by George Wildman, Nicola Cuti, Wayne Howard (1975)

"Ill Bred" by Charles Burns (1985)

"Don't Go to the Island" by Sfé R. Monster & Kalyna Riis-Phillips (2016)

"Some Other Animal's Meat" by Emily Carroll (2016)

"Greed" by Becky Cloonan, Jordie Bellaire, Travis Lanham (2013)

"Goin' South" by Nancy Collins, David Imhoff, Jeff Butler, Steve Montano, Renée Witterstaetter, Electric Crayon, Simon Bisley (1995)

"Winnebago Graveyard #1" by Steve Niles, Stephanie Paitreau, Jordie Bellaire, Jen Bartel, Alison Sampson, Aditya Bidikar, Mingjue Helen Chen, Sarah Horrocks (2017)

"Seed" by Fiona Staples, Jose Villarrubia, Michael Dougherty, Todd Casey, Zach Shields, Marc Andreyko (2015)

"Kill Screen" by Lauren Beukes, Dale Halvorsen, Ryan Kelly, Eva de la Cruz, Clem Robins, Bill Sienkiewicz, Rowena Yow, Shelly Bond (2015)

"The Fool of the Web" by Patricia Breen, Roel, Brenda Feikema (1997)

"Fortune Broken" by Sandy King, Leonardo Manco, Marianna Sanzone (2015)

"The Cemetery" by Franco, Abigail Larson, Wes Abbott, Sara Richard (2022)

"The Speed of Pain" by Jeff Lemire, Andrea Sorrentino, Dave Stewart, Steve Wands, Will Dennis (2018)

"Gestation" by Marguerite Bennett, Jonathan Brandon Sawyer, Doug Garbark, Nic. J. Shaw (2014)

"Chemical 13!" by Michael Woods & Saskia Gutekunst (2009)

"Hello, My Name Is..." by Nadia Shammas, Rowan MacColl, Licha Myers, Chris Sanchez (2021)

"Sea of Souls" by Jenna Lynn Wright, Alvaro Feliu, Juan Francisco Mota, Ricardo Osnaya, Erik Lopera Tamayo, Jorge Cortes, Robby Bevaro, Maxflan Araujo, Walter Pereyra, Taylor Esposito (2022)

"Crush" by Janet Hetherington, Ronn Sutton, Becka Kinzie, Zakk Saam (2018)

"The End of All Things" by Natalie Leif & Elaine Well (2014)

Video & Electronic Games

Silent Hill dev. Team Silent (1999)

The Excavation of Hob's Barrow dev. Cloak and Dagger Games (2022)

Halloween Forever dev. Imaginary Monsters (2016)

Bride of Frankenstein dev. Paul Smith, Steve Howard, Timedata Ltd. (1987)

Zombies Ate My Neighbors dev. LucasArts (1993)

Darkstalkers 3 (aka Vampire Savior) dev. Capcom (1997)

Movies

Smile dir. Parker Finn (2022)

The Mummy dir. Karl Freund (1932)

Invasion of the Body Snatchers dir. Don Siegel (1956)

The Skin I Live In dir. Pedro Almodóvar (2011)

The Picture of Dorian Gray dir. Albert Lewin (1945)

The Uninvited dir. Lewis Allen (1944)

The Other Side of the Underneath dir. Jane Arden (1972)

Jeepers Creepers: Reborn dir. Timo Vuorensola (2022)

Terrifier 2 dir. Damien Leone (2022)

Ravenous dir. Antonia Bird (1999)

The Experiment dir. Oliver Hirschbiegel (2001)

Ganja & Hess dir. Bill Gunn (1973)

Def by Temptation dir. James Bond III (1990)

Eyes Without a Face dir. Georges Franju (1960)

Under the Shadow dir. Babak Anvari (2016)

Amsterdam dir. David O. Russell (2022)

Deadstream dir. Joseph Winter & Vanessa Winter (2022)

In My Skin by Marina de Van (2002)

Evolution dir. Lucile Hadžihalilović (2015)

Eko Eko Azarak: Wizard of Darkness dir. Shimako Satō (1995)

Celia dir. Ann Turner (1989)

Censor dir. Prano Bailey-Bond (2021)

Halloween Ends dir. David Gordon Green (2022)

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari dir. Robert Wiene (1920)

Black Adam dir. Jaume Collet-Serra (2022)

Trouble Every Day dir. Claire Denis (2001)

Eve's Bayou dir. Kasi Lemmons (1997)

Monster (aka Humanoids from the Deep) dir. Barbara Peeters & Jimmy T. Murakami (1980)

The Mafu Cage dir. Karen Arthur (1978)

Medusa: Queen of the Serpents dir. Matthew B.C. (2020)

Medusa dir. Anita Rocha da Silveira (2021)

Prey for the Devil dir. Daniel Stamm (2022)

It Follows dir. David Robert Mitchell (2014)

Amer dir. Hélène Cattet & Bruno Forzani (2009)

TV Episodes

The Simpsons - "Treehouse of Horror XXXIII" (2022)

Bob's Burgers - "Apple Gore-chard! (But Not Gory)" (2022)

TV Series

Costume Quest (2019)

Castlevania - Seasons 3 & 4 (2020-2021)

#new horror 2022 #new fiction #2022

[carnalesferales]

HISTORIA Y ESTRUCTURA DEL PODER MUNDIAL: EL CÍRCULO de THINK TANKS DEL PODER REAL

II.- El rol de los “think tanks” en la coordinación de los planes de la élite global: Council on Foreign Relations, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Comisión Trilateral

Gran parte de los miembros de Bilderberg son a su vez miembros de la Trilateral Commission (Comision Trilateral), institución también fundada por iniciativa de David Rockefeller en 1974. Aglutina a personalidades destacadas de la economía y los negocios de las tres zonas principales de la economía capitalista: Norteamérica, Europa y Asía-Pacífico. Precisamente la inclusión de miembros de Japón es la principal diferencia con Bilderberg.

Por el perfil de sus miembros, a diferencia de Bilderberg, la mayoría son intelectuales y referentes de otros Think Tanks, más que empresarios. Como era de esperar, no pueden faltar representantes de la Banca Rothschild, la red de bancos Inter-Alpha (KBC, Intesa Sanpaolo, etc.) y corporaciones relacionadas a ese núcleo de poder, como Shell, entre otros.

Miembros del Comité Ejecutivo de la Comisión Trilateral:

Esko Aho, Executive Chairman of the Board, East Office of Finnish Industries, Helsinki; former Executive Vice President, Nokia; former Prime Minister of Finland

C. Fred Bergsten, Senior Fellow and Director Emeritus, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington; former U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs and Assistant for International Economic Affairs for the National Security Council

Catherine Bertini, Professor, Public Administration and International Affairs, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University; Distinguished Fellow, Agricultural Development, The Chicago Council on Global Affairs

Chen Naiqing, Vice President of the Chinese People’s Institute of Foreign Affairs, Beijing

Richard Conroy, Chairman, Conroy Gold and Natural Resources, Dublin; Member of Senate, Republic of Ireland

Alfonso Cortina, Vice Chairman, Rothschild Europe; Senior Advisor for Spain and Latin America, Rothschild; Senior Advisor for Spain of Texas Pacific Group; Member, Board of Directors, Mutua Madrileña; Member, International Advisory Board, Allianz AG, Madrid

Alfonso Cortina fue presidente de Repsol desde 1996 y luego de Repsol-YPF hasta el 2004, en 2007 es nombrado asesor económico y luego vicepresidente en Rothschild Europa.

Tarun Das, Founder Trustee, Ananta Aspen Centre, New Delhi

Kenneth M. Duberstein, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, The Duberstein Group, Washington; former Chief of Staff to President Ronald Reagan

Antonio Garrigues Walker, Chairman, Garrigues Abogados y Asesores Tributarios, Madrid

David R. Gergen, Professor of Public Service and Director of the Center for Public Leadership, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge; CNN Senior Political Analyst

John J. Hamre, President and Chief Executive Officer, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington; former U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense and Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)

Han Sung-Joo, Chairman, The International Policy Studies Institute of Korea (IPSIKOR), Seoul; formerPresident Korea University, Seoul; former Korean Minister of Foreign Affairs; former Korean Ambassador to the United States

Jane Harman, Director, President, and CEO, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington; former Member, U.S. House of Representatives

Yasuchika Hasegawa, Chairman of the Board, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; former Chairman, Japan Association of Corporation Executives (Keizai Doyukai), Tokyo;  Asia Pacific Chairman, Trilateral Chairman John R. Hewson, Professor and Chair, Tax and Transfer Policy Insitute, Crawford School of Public Policy, Australia National University; former Leader, Federal Opposition, Australia; Special Advisor to the Undersecretary of the United Nations; Executive UNESCAP on Infrastructure Financing

Nigel Higgins, Chief Executive,The Rothschild Group, London

Carla A. Hills, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Hills & Company, International Consultants, Washington; former U.S. Trade Representative; former U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

Akinari Horii, Special Advisor and Member, Board of Directors, The Canon Institute for Global Studies, Tokyo; Asia Pacific Treasurer, Trilateral Commission

Karen Elliott House, Journalist, Princeton; Adjunct Fellow, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge; former Senior Vice President, Dow Jones & Company, and former Publisher, The Wall Street Journal

Mugur Isarescu, Governor, National Bank of Romania, Bucharest; former Prime Minister

Lord Kerr of Kinlochard, Member of the House of Lords, London; Deputy Chairman, Scottish Power (Iberdrola); former Deputy Chairman, Royal Dutch Shell; former British Ambassador to the United States; former Secretary General, European Conventions

John Kerr, Baron Kerr of Kinlochard Director de Royal Dutch Shell. Director de la multinacional minera Rio Tinto (propiedad de la Familia Rothschild).

Miembro de la House of Lords de Inglaterra. Embajador británico en los EEUU (1995-1997), Secretario Permanente del Foreign Office (1997-2002), Miembro del Comité Directivo de Bilderberg.

Jovan Kovačić, President, East West Bridge; Chief Executive Officer, GCA Global Communications Associates Ltd.; Senior Partner, Kovacic & Spaic; Reuters Correspondent; former Advisor to the Serbian Government, Belgrade

Kurt Lauk, former Member of the European Parliament (EPP Group-CDU); Chairman, Globe Capital Partners, Stuttgart; President, Economic Council of the CDU Party, Berlin; former Member of the Board, DaimlerChrysler, Stuttgart

Eli Leenaars, former Member, ING Management Board Banking; Member and Treasurer, Confederation of the Netherlands Industry and Employers (VNO-NCW), Amsterdam

Jean Lemierre,Chairman, BNP Paribas, Paris

Monique Leroux, President, International Coopereative Alliance (ICA), Montréal

Thomas Leysen, Chairman, KBC Group; Chairman of the Board, Umicore, Brussels

Bo Lidegaard, Executive Editor-in-Chief, Politiken, Copenhagen

Franjo Lukovic, Chairman of the Management Board, Zagrebacka banka – UniCredit Group, Zagreb

Kristin Skogen Lund, Director General, Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise (NHO), Oslo

Minoru Makihara, Senior Corporate Advisor, Mitsubishi Corporation, Tokyo

Mario Monti, Member of the Italian Senate; President, Bocconi University, Milan; former President of the Council of Ministers, Italy; former Member of the European Commission (Competition Policy and Internal Market); Honorary President, BRUEGEL, Brussels; Honorary European Chairman, Trilateral Commission

Mario Monti, ex primer ministro de Italia, fue también director europeo de la Comisión Trilateral. También fue miembro de la directiva del Grupo Bilderberg. Fue presidente de Bruegel. Monti fue también asesor de The Coca-Cola Company y de Goldman Sachs.

Joseph Samuel Nye, Jr. (19 de enero de 1937), University Distinguished Service Professor and former Dean, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge; former Chair, National Intelligence Council, and former U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs; North American Chairman, Trilateral Commission, también conocido como Joe Nye, es un geopolitólogo y profesor estadounidense, co-fundador, junto con Robert Keohane, de la teoría del neoliberalismo de las relaciones internacionales, desarrollada en el libro Poder e Interdependencia en 1977. Junto con Keohane, allí desarrolló los conceptos de interdependencia asimétrica y compleja. También exploró las relaciones transnacionales y la política mundial, en un volumen editado en la década de 1970. Más recientemente, fue pionero en la teoría del poder blando (“La seducción siempre es más efectiva que la coacción, y valores como la democracia, derechos humanos y oportunidades individuales son profundamente seductoras”). Su noción de “poder inteligente” (“la capacidad de combinar hard y soft power para una estrategia vencedora”) se hizo popular con el uso de esta frase por miembros de la Administración Clinton, y más recientemente, de la Administración Obama.

 Roberto F. de Ocampo, Chairman, Philippine Veterans Bank; Board of Advisors, RFO Center for Public Finance & Regional Economic Cooperation, Manila; former Philippine Secretary of Finance

Akio Okawara, President, Japan Center for International Exchange, Tokyo Andrzej Olechowski, Chairman, Supervisory Board, Bank Handlowy; Professor, Vistula University; former Minister of Foreign Affairs and of Finance, Warsaw

Meghan L. O’Sullivan, Evron and Jeane Kirkpatrick Professor of the Practice of  International Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge; former Special Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Iraq and Afghanistan

Ursula Plassnik, Ambassador of Austria to France; former Member of the Austrian Parliament; U.N. Special Envoy for International Women Issues; former Federal Minister for European and International Affairs, Vienna

Adam S. Posen, President, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington

Luis Rubio, President, Center for Research Development (CIDAC), Mexico City

Ryu Jin Roy, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Poongsan Corp., Seoul

Ferdinando Salleo, former Ambassador to the United States, Rome

Carlo Secchi, Professor Emeritus of European Economic Policy and former Rector, Bocconi University; Vice President, ISPI, Milan; former Member of the Italian Senate and of the European Parliament

Shigemitsu Sugisaki, Vice Chairman, Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd, Tokyo; former Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)

James B. Steinberg, Maxwell School, and University Professor of Social Science, International Affairs and Law, Syracuse University, Syracuse; former Deputy Secretary of State,  former Deputy National Security Advisor

György Surányi, Professor of Finance, Corvinus University, Budapest; former Regional Head of Central Eastern Europe, Intesa Sanpaolo Group (miembro del grupo Inter Alpha de la dinastía Rothschild); former Chairman, Central European International Bank (CIB); former President of the National Bank of Hungary

Peter Sutherland, Chairman, Goldman Sachs International; Chairman, London School of Economics; UN Special Representative for Migration and Development; former Chairman, BP p.l.c.; former Director General, GATT/WTO; former Member of the European Commission; former Attorney General of Ireland; Honorary European Chairman, The Trilateral Commission Fue director general de la Organización Mundial de Comercio, Es presidente de BP (British Petroleum) y de Goldman Sachs International.

Jean-Claude Trichet, Chairman, Group of Thirty; Chairman, BRUEGEL Institute; Honorary Governor, Banque de France; former President of the European Central Bank; European Chairman, Trilateral Commission, Paris

Raivo Vare, Owner, Live Nature Eesti OÜ; Partner, Sthenos Group and OÜ RVVE Group; Chairman of the Council of the Parliament’s Development Fund; Member of the President’s Academic Advisory Board; former Minister of State and former Minister of Transport and Communication, Tallinn

George Vassiliou, former Head of the Negotiating Team for the Accession of Cyprus to the European Union; former President of the Republic of Cyprus; former Member of Parliament and Leader of United Democrats; Nicosia

Paul Volcker, former Chairman, President’s Economic Recovery Advisory Board; former Chairman, Wolfensohn & Co., Inc., New York; Frederick H. Schultz Professor Emeritus, International Economic Policy, Princeton University; former Chairman, Board of Governors, U.S. Federal Reserve System; Honorary North American Chairman and former North American Chairman, Trilateral Commission

Marko Voljc, Chief Change Officer Corporate Change & Support KBC Group (banco miembro del grupo Inter Alpha de la dinastía Rothschild), Brussels; former Chief Executive Officer, Nova Ljubljanska Banka, Ljubljana

Panagis Vourloumis, Senior Adviser, N.M. Rothschild; former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Hellenic Telecommunications Organization (O.T.E.), Athens

Jusuf Wanandi, Senior Fellow and Co-Founder, Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Jakarta; Vice Chairman of the Board of Trustees CSIS Foundation

Tarisa Watanagase, Former Governor, The Bank of Thailand, Bangkok

  Zbigniew Brzezinski

Un miembro importante de alta influencia en la Comisión Trilateral, Bilderberg y el Council on Foreign Relations es Zbigniew Brzezinski. Contratado por el banquero David Rockefeller se constituyó en el primer director de la Comisión Trilateral. Fue quien creó la idea de financiar en los años ’80 el Terrorismo que luego es usado para ataques de falsa bandera como excusa para incursiones militares.

Como uno de los principales impulsores del militarismo global Brzezinski apoyó la venta de armamento moderno a Pakistán, y aseguró el acuerdo con Arabia Saudí para financiar operaciones de ayuda encubierta a los muyahidines afganos. Cabe resaltar que la intervención de los muyahidines, financiados desde Arabia Saudí por Osama Bin Laden, a título personal, y la CIA y entrenados por esta última, comenzó bastante antes de la invasión soviética. Así, el 3 de julio de 1979, bajo supervisión del Consejo de Seguridad Nacional de Brzezinski, se había firmado ya la primera directiva sobre la asistencia clandestina a los opositores del régimen izquierdista de Kabul.

Brzezinski fue requerido en 2006 ante una audiencia del Senado de Estados Unidos, donde explicó que se podría dar un atentado terrorista como el del 11 de septiembre, como excusa para iniciar la guerra contra Irán, afirmó esto: “Un escenario posible para un enfrentamiento militar con Irán implica que el fracaso iraquí alcance los límites americanos ; seguido de acusaciones americanas que hagan a Irán responsable de ese fracaso; después, por algunas provocaciones en Irak o un acto terrorista en suelo americano(EE.UU.), acto del cual se haría responsable a Irán. Esto pudiera culminar con una acción militar americana “defensiva” contra Irán que sumergiría a una América aislada en un profundo lodazal en el que estarían incluidos Irán, Irak, Afganistán y Pakistán”. Dos décadas más tarde mucho de este plan parece estar en marcha.

“La muerte de 500.000 niños iraquíes era una precio que había que pagar”. -Madeleine Albright

Madeleine Albright

Una gran discípula de Brzezinski ha sido Madeleine Albright, miembro del directorio del Council on Foreign Relations (“directora emérita”), Secretaria de Estado de los EEUU y conocida por su frase “La muerte de 500.000 niños iraquíes era una precio que había que pagar”

El Council on Foreign Relations (Consejo de Relaciones Exteriores) funciona como el cerebro, el think tank preferido de la Élite en los EEUU. El Club Bilderberg se podría decir que es el CFR + Europa, mientras que la Comisión Trilateral es Bilderberg + Asia.

Fundada en 1921 con base en Nueva York como extensión del Royal Institute of International Affairs de Londres (Chatam House). Muchos creen que se trata de la entidad privada más poderosa por su influencia en la política exterior de los Estados Unidos. Publica la revista bimensual Foreign Affairs. Tiene una extensa página web que provee enlaces a su think tank (centro de estudio y planeamiento estratégico geopolítico), el programa de estudios David Rockefeller, otros programas y proyectos, publicaciones, historia, biografías de notables y otros miembros del directorio, miembros corporativos y notas de prensa, una sociedad cada vez menos secreta.

Al día de hoy cuenta entre sus principales contribuyentes a la Fundación Rockefeller y a la Fundación Ford.

Miembros Directivos del Council on Foreign Relations:

Entre los miembros directivos, destaca la presencia de personajes ligados al monje negro de la élite, Henry Kissinger, y los líderes de los principales fondos de inversión financieros del mundo: BlackRock y Blackstone, con enlaces a la Casa Rothschild.

David M. Rubenstein Chairman; Cofounder and Managing Director, The Carlyle Group.

Blair Effron Vice Chairman; Partner, Centerview Partners, LLC

Jami Miscik Vice Chairman; CEO and Vice Chairman, Kissinger Associates, Inc.

Richard N. Haass President, Council on Foreign Relations

John P. Abizaid Senior Partner, JPA Partners LLC

Zoë Baird President, The Markle Foundation

Alan S. Blinder Gordon S. Rentschler Memorial Professor of Economics and Public Affairs, Princeton University

Mary Boies Counsel, Boies & McInnis LLP

David G. Bradley Chairman, Atlantic Media Company

Nicholas Burns Professor of the Practice of Diplomacy and International Politics, Harvard Kennedy School

Sylvia Mathews Burwell President, American University

Ashton B. Carter Director, Belfer Center, Harvard Kennedy School

Tony Coles Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Yumanity Therapeutics, LLC

David M. Cote Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Honeywell International Inc.

Steven A. Denning Chairman, General Atlantic LLC

Laurence D. Fink Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, BlackRock

Timothy F. Geithner President, Warburg Pincus

James P. Gorman Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Morgan Stanley

Stephen J. Hadley Principal, RiceHadley Gates, LLC

J. Tomilson Hill Vice Chairman, The Blackstone Group (Rothschild)

Susan Hockfield President emerita, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Donna J. Hrinak President, Boeing Brazil, The Boeing Company

Shirley Ann Jackson President, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

James Manyika Director (Senior Partner), McKinsey & Company, Director, McKinsey Global Institute

William H. McRaven Chancellor, University of Texas System

Janet A. Napolitano President, University of California

Eduardo J. Padrón President, Miami Dade College

John A. Paulson President, Paulson & Co.

Richard L. Plepler Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Home Box Office, Inc

Ruth Porat Chief Financial Officer, Alphabet Inc. and Google Inc.

Laurene Powell Jobs Founder and President, Emerson Collective

James G. Stavridis Dean, The Fletcher School

Margaret Warner Senior Correspondent, PBS NewsHour

Vin Weber Partner, Mercury

Daniel H. Yergin Vice Chairman, IHS Markit

Fareed Zakaria Host, Fareed Zakaria GPS, CNN

Officers

David M. Rubenstein Chairman

Blair Effron Vice Chairman

Jami Miscik Vice Chairman

Richard N. Haass President

Keith Olson Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer

James M. Lindsay Senior Vice President, Director of Studies, and Maurice R. Greenberg Chair

Nancy D. Bodurtha Vice President, Meetings and Membership

Irina A. Faskianos Vice President, National Program and Outreach

Suzanne E. Helm Vice President, Philanthropy and Corporate Relations

Jan Mowder Hughes Vice President, Human Resources and Administration

Caroline Netchvolodoff Vice President, Education

Lisa Shields Vice President, Global Communications and Media Relations

Jeffrey A. Reinke Secretary of the Corporation

Officers and Directors, Emeritus & Honorary:

Madeleine K. Albright Director Emerita

Martin S. Feldstein Director Emeritus

Leslie H. Gelb President Emeritus

Maurice R. Greenberg Honorary Vice Chairman

Carla A. Hills Chairman Emeritus

Peter G. Peterson Chairman Emeritus

Robert E. Rubin Chairman Emeritus

  Royal Institute of International Affairs de Londres (Chatam House)

Junto al CFR, Chatham House fue fundada inmediatamente después de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Derrocados finalmente los principales imperios que venían de la época feudal, tanto cristianos como el Sacro Imperio Romano (2do. Reich) o el Imperio Austrahúngaro, como musulmanes como el Imperio Otomano (liberando el área estratégica de Palestina), las principales dinastías financieras, asociadas al único imperio occidental en pie, el británico, pusieron en marcha sus planes para la concreción de un Gobierno Mundial, el que tuvo su primer prototipo en la Sociedad de Naciones y, luego de la Segunda Guerra Mundial en las Naciones Unidas.

Chatham House, con sede en Londres, fue fundada en 1920 y es conocida internacionalmente como  Instituto Real de Asuntos Internacionales, es el equivalente británico del Council on Foreign Relations estadounidense, fueron de hecho sus delegados quienes fundaron a este último en Nueva York.

Su primer presidente fue Lionel Curtis, quien supo abogar por un Gobierno Mundial.

Curtis publicó en 1938: “Civitas Dei: The Commonwealth of God”, proponiendo que los Estados Unidos volvieran a unirse a la Commonwealth británica y que esa nueva entidad se termine transformando en un gobierno mundial.

Curtis fue secretario a su vez de Lord Milner, uno de los principales funcionarios británicos durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. Milner fue socio de Cecil Rhodes, agente de la banca Rothschild y también un prominente miembro de la socialista Sociedad Fabiana. Milner fue también presidente de la corporación minera Río Tinto, de la banca Rothschild.

Milner habría sido el verdadero redactor de la “Declaración Balfour”, si bien firmada por el primer ministro Arthur Balfour, dirigida a Lord Rothschild, cediendo a los pedidos del sionismo para ocupar las tierras de Palestina.

Milner fue también uno de los principales signatorios por Gran Bretaña del Tratado de Versalles, humillante para la derrotada Alemania.

Milner fue reconocido por la Corona Británica en 1921 como Knight of the Garter (Orden de la Jarretera).

Lista de ganadores en los últimos años del Premio Chatham House:

2005 Presidente Viktor Yushchenko (Ucrania) 2006 Presidente Joaquim Chissano (Mozambique) 2007 Mozah bint Nasser al-Missned (Catar) 2008 Presidente John Kufuor (Ghana) 2009 Presidente Lula da Silva (Brasil) 2010 Presidente Abdullah Gül Turquía) 2011 Líder de la oposición birmana Aung San Suu Kyi (Myanmar) 2012 Presidente Moncef Marzouki y Rachid Ghanuchi (Túnez) 2013 Secretaria de Estado Hillary Rodham Clinton (Estados Unidos) 2014 Melinda Gates (Estados Unidos) 2015 Médicos Sin Fronteras (Francia) 2016 John Kerry y Mohammad Yavad Zarif (Estados Unidos) e (Irán), respectivamente. 2017 Juan Manuel Santos (Colombia) 2018 Comité para la Protección de los Periodistas (Estados Unidos)

  La Sociedad Fabiana

La Sociedad Fabiana fue fundada en Londres en 1884 y lleva ese nombre en recordación del general romano Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus (apodado Cunctator, algo así como el “retardador”), precisamente por su estrategia de alcanzar un “gobierno mundial” de tipo socialista de manera gradual, asemejando la forma en la que Anibal combatió al ejército cartaginés, mediante el desgaste y la persistencia: “Debes esperar el momento oportuno, como hizo con mucha paciencia Fabio, cuando estaba en guerra contra Aníbal, aunque muchos censuraron sus retrasos; pero cuando llegue el momento, debes golpear duro, como lo hizo Fabio, o tu espera será en vano e infructuosa”. 

Según el autor Jon Perdue, “el logo de la Sociedad Fabiana, una tortuga, representaba la predilección del grupo por una transición lenta e imperceptible al socialismo, mientras que su escudo de armas, un ‘lobo con piel de oveja’, representaba su metodología preferida para lograr su objetivo”.

Fueron miembros de la Sociedad Fabiana prominentes políticos, economistas, sociólogos, pensadores, masones y ocultistas, como Annie Besant, Beatrice Webb, Bertrand Russell, Charles Marson, Emmeline Pankhurst, Graham Wallas, George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, Sidney James Webb (1st Baron Passfield), Sydney Olivier, Oliver Lodge, Ramsay MacDonald.

Muchas de las ideas elaboradas por el socialismo fabiano son hoy rescatadas por el Foro Económico Mundial. Los fabianos presentaron la idea de un sistema de educación pública nacional, la nacionalización de las rentas agrarias, un salario mínimo universal en 1906, un sistema de atención médica universal en 1911 y la abolición de los títulos de nobleza hereditarios en 1917. Junto a estas ideas también promovían la eugenesia como forma de manipular las razas humanas, a través de la esterilización, en teoría, con el objetivo de “mejorar la especie”. Todas estas ideas iban de la mano de un firme impulso al imperialismo británico.

Actuales impulsores de un “Gobierno Mundial”, como los ex primer ministros, Tony Blair o Gordon Brown, son también miembros de la Sociedad Fabiana.

¿Quiénes la financian actualmente? Entre otros, la poderosa City de Londres

  Frank Fausto

[oldschoolteenflicks]

Kristy McNichol as Angel in Little Darlings (1980) dir. by Ronald F. Maxwell

#little darlings #kristy mcnichol #angel #80sedit #ronald f maxwell #80s #* #nati

[adamwatchesmovies]

Gods and Generals (2003)

My newsfeed has been inundated with footage of Confederate statues being taken down and it’s inspired me to tear apart a Confederate monument of my own. Enjoy this review of Gods and Generals (2003).

I'm divided about Gods and Generals. Not about whether or not it's good. It isn't. What I don't know is whether it's simply misguided to the point of being offensive, or legitimately malicious.

This behemoth lasts two-hundred and nineteen minutes (so long I had to flip the DVD) and is a prequel to Gettysburg. The American Civil War is in its infancy and Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson (Stephen Lang) is the Southern States' most brilliant military strategist.

The production is quite good and the performances are as well. But there's a problem. There is no way you can get behind this movie. It's about Confederate soldiers. They make a point to have the men say they’re joining the army because they don’t want to be invaded, don’t want to lose their civil rights or that president Abraham Lincoln (not actually appearing in this movie) is doing something wrong. The irony of Southern soldiers fighting for their freedom while keeping slavery would be comical if it weren't infuriating. I don't buy it anyway. The movie constantly tip-toes around the fact numerous times and while it does acknowledge that the abolition of slavery is an integral part of this story, it does not fully address it.

If you can ignore the elephant in the room, the movie's still about as interesting as a clean square of toilet paper. In a time where battles were not particularly exciting because soldiers stood in lines and took turns shooting at each other, this film somehow takes it up a notch and annihilates all possible excitement. It doesn't get better between then either.

The main characters are very much the product of their time. They talk funny, they look funny and they don’t act like you would expect normal people to. It’s always yes sir, yes ma’am, they don’t joke around much or sing, dance, play music or even show emotion. Everyone dons large beards or magnificent mutton chops with great pride and they have views on the world that are very outdated, but not in a quaint way like believing in alchemy, or sea monsters. Compare these characters to the ones found in Romeo and Juliet, whose behaviour feels timeless. Verona is filled with humans who get scorned and want to get even, fall in love and go wild, become enraged and curse to high heaven that the world isn’t fair. Gods and Generals is populated by racist robots or just robots.

It's way, wayyyyy too long, doesn’t pack much of a punch (even though there are people dying left and right on the battlefield), it’s hard to get attached to the principal characters, it's boring during the long battles, it's boring during between them, there are too many long-winded speeches.... but there are some genuinely good aspects. Having insight on what happened at this time is neat, the performances are good, as is the production. There are hundreds, if not thousands of people in costumes running around shooting at each other and it makes the big scenes convincing.

I should hate this film like a monument to Adolf Hitler (I bet you Germany would have known better than to make a WWII movie from an alternate perspective by the way, what was Ronald F. Maxwell thinking?!) but can’t quite commit myself to do so. Stonewall (at least this film’s version) was a product of his time and to me, the film shows the true evils of slavery and of war, that it transforms people into something that they wouldn’t have been. We see where it COULD have worked in a minor character, Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain (Jeff Daniels), who has two powerful moments relating to the relationship between the desired freedom of the U.S. from the British Empire, and the struggle taking place now.

I really gave this movie a chance, even when I saw trouble coming but with everything that is badly brought to the foreground, and the fact that even though he has some sweet moments, Stonewall Jackson often sounds like a religious lunatic that blindly does whatever people will tell him without second-guessing, I can’t really see anyone, even people that are hardcore about civil re-enactments and period pieces having the patience for this film. Gods and Generals is too long, dull, and a flat-out bad idea. (Theatrical cut ... because there’s an even longer version out there!!! on DVD, April 8, 2015)

#Gods and Generals #Gods and Generals movie review #Gods and Generals film review #movies #films #reviews #movie reviews #film reviews #ronald f. maxwell #jeff daniels #stephen lang #robert duvall #jonathan stonewall jackson #stonewall jackson #gettysburg #2003 movies #2003 films #2015 movie reviews #2015 film reviews #1 star movies #1 star movie reviews #adamwatchesmovies

[schlock-luster-video]

On March 21, 1980 Little Darlings debuted in the United States.

#little darlings #ronald f. maxwell #tatum o'neal #kristy mcnichol #matt dillon #teen comedy movies #midnight movies #cult movies #80s movies #coming of age film #tcm underground #art #movie art #drawing #movie history #pop art #modern art

[chinneths]

The Relativity of Wrong | By Isaac Asimov

I received a letter from a reader the other day. It was handwritten in crabbed penmanship so that it was very difficult to read. Nevertheless, I tried to make it out just in case it might prove to be important.

In the first sentence, he told me he was majoring in English Literature, but felt he needed to teach me science. (I sighed a bit, for I knew very few English Lit majors who are equipped to teach me science, but I am very aware of the vast state of my ignorance and I am prepared to learn as much as I can from anyone, however low on the social scale, so I read on.)

It seemed that in one of my innumerable essays, here and elsewhere, I had expressed a certain gladness at living in a century in which we finally got the basis of the Universe straight.

I didn’t go into detail in the matter, but what I meant was that we now know the basic rules governing the Universe, together with the gravitational interrelationships of its gross components, as shown in the theory of relativity worked out between 1905 and 1916. We also know the basic rules governing the subatomic particles and their interrelationships, since these are very neatly described by the quantum theory worked out between 1900 and 1930. What’s more, we have found that the galaxies and clusters of galaxies are the basic units of the physical Universe, as discovered between 1920 and 1930.

These are all twentieth-century discoveries, you see.

The young specialist in English Lit, having quoted me, went on to lecture me severely on the fact that in every century people have thought they understood the Universe at last, and in every century they were proven to be wrong. It follows that the one thing we can say about out modern “knowledge” is that it is wrong.

The young man then quoted with approval what Socrates had said on learning that the Delphic oracle had proclaimed him the wisest man in Greece. “If I am the wisest man,” said Socrates, “it is because I alone know that I know nothing.” The implication was that I was very foolish because I knew a great deal.

Alas, none of this was new to me. (There is very little that is new to me; I wish my corresponders would realize this.) This particular thesis was addressed to me a quarter of a century ago by John Campbell, who specialized in irritating me. He also told me that all theories are proven wrong in time.

My answer to him was, “John, when people thought the Earth was flat, they were wrong. When people thought the Earth was spherical, they were wrong. But if you think that thinking the Earth is spherical is just as wrong as thinking the Earth is flat, then your view is wronger than both of them put together.”

The basic trouble, you see, is that people think that “right” and “wrong” are absolute; that everything that isn’t perfectly and completely right is totally and equally wrong.

However, I don’t think that’s so. It seems to me that right and wrong are fuzzy concepts, and I will devote this essay to an explanation of why I think so.

First, let me dispose of Socrates because I am sick and tired of this pretense that knowing you know nothing is a mark of wisdom.

No one knows nothing. In a matter of days, babies learn to recognize their mothers.

Socrates would agree, of course, and explain that knowledge of trivia is not what he means. He means that in the great abstractions over which human beings debate, one should start without preconceived, unexamined notions, and that he alone knew this. (What an enormously arrogant claim!)

In his discussions of such matters as “What is justice?” or “What is virtue?” he took the attitude that he knew nothing and had to be instructed by others. (This is called “Socratic irony,” for Socrates knew very well that he knew a great deal more than the poor souls he was picking on.) By pretending ignorance, Socrates lured others into propounding their views on such abstractions. Socrates then, by a series of ignorant-sounding questions, forced the others into such a mélange of self-contradictions that they would finally break down and admit they didn’t know what they were talking about.

It is the mark of the marvelous toleration of the Athenians that they let this continue for decades and that it wasn’t till Socrates turned seventy that they broke down and forced him to drink poison.

Now where do we get the notion that “right” and “wrong” are absolutes? It seems to me that this arises in the early grades, when children who know very little are taught by teachers who know very little more.

Young children learn spelling and arithmetic, for instance, and here we tumble into apparent absolutes.

How do you spell “sugar?” Answer: s-u-g-a-r. That is right. Anything else is wrong.

How much is 2 + 2? The answer is 4. That is right. Anything else is wrong.

Having exact answers, and having absolute rights and wrongs, minimizes the necessity of thinking, and that pleases both students and teachers. For that reason, students and teachers alike prefer short-answer tests to essay tests; multiple-choice over blank short-answer tests; and true-false tests over multiple-choice.

But short-answer tests are, to my way of thinking, useless as a measure of the student’s understanding of a subject. They are merely a test of the efficiency of his ability to memorize.

You can see what I mean as soon as you admit that right and wrong are relative.

How do you spell “sugar?” Suppose Alice spells it p-q-z-z-f and Genevieve spells it s-h-u-g-e-r. Both are wrong, but is there any doubt that Alice is wronger than Genevieve? For that matter, I think it is possible to argue that Genevieve’s spelling is superior to the “right” one.

Or suppose you spell “sugar”: s-u-c-r-o-s-e, or C12H22O11. Strictly speaking, you are wrong each time, but you’re displaying a certain knowledge of the subject beyond conventional spelling.

Suppose then the test question was: how many different ways can you spell “sugar?” Justify each.

Naturally, the student would have to do a lot of thinking and, in the end, exhibit how much or how little he knows. The teacher would also have to do a lot of thinking in the attempt to evaluate how much or how little the student knows. Both, I imagine, would be outraged.

Again, how much is 2 + 2? Suppose Joseph says: 2 + 2 = purple, while Maxwell says: 2 + 2 = 17. Both are wrong but isn’t it fair to say that Joseph is wronger than Maxwell?

Suppose you said: 2 + 2 = an integer. You’d be right, wouldn’t you? Or suppose you said: 2 + 2 = an even integer. You’d be righter. Or suppose you said: 2 + 2 = 3.999. Wouldn’t you be nearly right?

If the teacher wants 4 for an answer and won’t distinguish between the various wrongs, doesn’t that set an unnecessary limit to understanding?

Suppose the question is, how much is 9 + 5?, and you answer 2. Will you not be excoriated and held up to ridicule, and will you not be told that 9 + 5 = 14?

If you were then told that 9 hours had pass since midnight and it was therefore 9 o'clock, and were asked what time it would be in 5 more hours, and you answered 14 o'clock on the grounds that 9 + 5 = 14, would you not be excoriated again, and told that it would be 2 o'clock? Apparently, in that case, 9 + 5 = 2 after all.

Or again suppose, Richard says: 2 + 2 = 11, and before the teacher can send him home with a note to his mother, he adds, “To the base 3, of course.” He’d be right.

Here’s another example. The teacher asks: “Who is the fortieth President of the United States?” and Barbara says, “There isn’t any, teacher.”

“Wrong!” says the teacher, “Ronald Reagan is the fortieth President of the United States.”

“Not at all,” says Barbara, “I have here a list of all the men who have served as President of the United States under the Constitution, from George Washington to Ronald Reagan, and there are only thirty-nine of them, so there is no fortieth President.”

“Ah,” says the teacher, “but Grover Cleveland served two nonconsecutive terms, one from 1885 to 1889, and the second from 1893 to 1897. He counts as both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President. That is why Ronald Reagan is the thirty-ninth person to serve as President of the United States, and is, at the same time, the fortieth President of the United States.”

Isn’t that ridiculous? Why should a person be counted twice if his terms are nonconsecutive, and only once if he served two consecutive terms? Pure convention! Yet Barbara is marked wrong—just as wrong as if she had said that the fortieth President of the United States is Fidel Castro.

Therefore, when my friend the English Literature expert tells me that in every century scientists think they have worked out the Universe and are always wrong, what I want to know is how wrong are they? Are they always wrong to the same degree? Let’s take an example.

In the early days of civilization, the general feeling was that the Earth was flat.

This was not because people were stupid, or because they were intent on believing silly things. They felt it was flat on the basis of sound evidence. It was not just a matter of “That’s how it looks,” because the Earth does not look flat. It looks chaotically bumpy, with hills, valleys, ravines, cliffs, and so on.

Of course, there are plains where, over limited areas, the Earth’s surface does look fairly flat. One of those plains is in the Tigris-Euphrates area where the first historical civilization (one with writing) developed, that of the Sumerians.

Perhaps it was the appearance of the plain that may have persuaded the clever Sumerians to accept the generalization that the Earth was flat; that if you somehow evened out all the elevations and depressions, you would be left with flatness. Contributing to the notion may have been the fact that stretches of water (ponds and lakes) looked pretty flat on quiet days.

Another way of looking at it is to ask what is the “curvature” of Earth’s surface. Over a considerable length, how much does the surface deviate (on the average) from perfect flatness. The flat-Earth theory would make it seem that the surface doesn’t deviate from flatness at all, that its curvature is 0 to the mile.

Nowadays, of course, we are taught that the flat-Earth theory is wrong; that it is all wrong, terribly wrong, absolutely. But it isn’t. The curvature of the Earth is nearly 0 per mile, so that although the flat-Earth theory is wrong, it happens to be nearly right. That’s why the theory lasted so long.

There were reasons, to be sure, to find the flat-Earth theory unsatisfactory and, about 350 B.C., the Greek philosopher Aristotle summarized them. First, certain stars disappeared beyond the Southern Hemisphere as one traveled north, and beyond the Northern Hemisphere as one traveled south. Second, the Earth’s shadow on the Moon during a lunar eclipse was always the arc of a circle. Third, here on Earth itself, ships disappeared beyond the horizon hull-first in whatever direction they were traveling.

All three observations could not be reasonably explained if the Earth’s surface were flat, but could be explained by assuming the Earth to be a sphere.

What’s more, Aristotle believed that all solid matter tended to move toward a common center, and if solid matter did this, it would end up as a sphere. A given volume of matter is, on the average, closer to a common center if it is a sphere than if it is any other shape whatever.

About a century after Aristotle, the Greek philosopher Eratosthenes noted that the Sun cast a shadow of different lengths at different latitudes (all the shadows would be the same length if the Earth’s surface were flat). From the difference in shadow length, he calculated the size of the earthly sphere and it turned out to be 25,000 miles in circumference.

The curvature of such a sphere is about 0.000126 per mile, a quantity very close to 0 per mile as you can see, and one not easily measured by the techniques at the disposal of the ancients. The tiny difference between 0 and 0.000126 accounts for the fact that it took so long to pass from the flat Earth to the spherical Earth.

Mind you, even a tiny difference, such at that between 0 and 0.000126, can be extremely important. That difference mounts up. The Earth cannot be mapped over large areas with any accuracy at all if the difference isn’t taken into account and if the Earth isn’t considered a sphere rather than a flat surface. Long ocean voyages can’t be undertaken with any reasonable way of locating one’s own position in the ocean unless the Earth is considered spherical rather than flat.

Furthermore, the flat Earth presupposes the possibility of an infinite Earth, or of the existence of an “end” to the surface. The spherical Earth, however, postulates an Earth that is both endless and yet finite, and it is the latter postulate that is consistent with all later findings.

So although the flat-Earth theory is only slightly wrong and is a credit to its inventors, all things considered, it is wrong enough to be discarded in favor of the spherical-Earth theory.

And yet is the Earth a sphere?

No, it is not a sphere; not in the strict mathematical sense. A sphere has certain mathematical properties—for instance, all diameters (that is, all straight lines that pass from one point on its surface, through the center, to another point on its surface) have the same length.

That, however, is not true of the Earth. Various diameters of the Earth differ in length.

What gave people the notion the Earth wasn’t a true sphere? To begin with, the Sun and the Moon have outlines that are perfect circles within the limits of measurement in the early days of the telescope. This is consistent with the supposition that the Sun and Moon are perfectly spherical in shape.

However, when Jupiter and Saturn were observed by the first telescopic observers, it became quickly apparent that the outlines of those planets were not circles, but distinct ellipses. That meant that Jupiter and Saturn were not true spheres.

Isaac Newton, toward the end of the seventeenth century, showed that a massive body would form a sphere under the pull of gravitational forces (exactly as Aristotle had argued), but only if it were not rotating. If it were rotating, a centrifugal effect would be set up which would lift the body’s substance against gravity, and the effect would be greater the closer to the equator you progressed. The effect would also be greater the more rapidly a spherical object rotated and Jupiter and Saturn rotated very rapidly indeed.

The Earth rotated much more slowly than Jupiter or Saturn so the effect should be smaller, but it should still be there. Actual measurements of the curvature of the Earth were carried out in the eighteenth century and Newton was proved correct.

The Earth has an equatorial bulge, in other words. It is flattened at the poles. It is an “oblate spheroid” rather than a sphere. This means that the various diameters of the earth differ in length. The longest diameters are any of those that stretch from one point on the equator to an opposite point on the equator. The “equatorial diameter” is 12,755 kilometers (7,927 miles). The shortest diameter is from the North Pole to the South Pole and this “polar diameter” is 12,711 kilometers (7,900 miles).

The difference between the longest and shortest diameters is 44 kilometers (27 miles), and that means that the “oblateness” of the Earth (its departure from true sphericity) is 44/12,755, or 0.0034. This amounts to 1/3 of 1 percent.

To put it another way, on a flat surface, curvature is 0 per mile everywhere. On Earth’s spherical surface, curvature is 0.000126 per mile everywhere (or 8 inches per mile). On Earth’s oblate spheroidical surface, the curvature varies from 7.973 inches to the mile to 8.027 inches to the mile.

The correction in going from spherical to oblate spheroidal is much smaller than going from flat to spherical. Therefore, although the notion of the Earth as sphere is wrong, strictly speaking, it is not as wrong as the notion of the Earth as flat.

Even the oblate-spheroidal notion of the Earth is wrong, strictly speaking. In 1958, when the satellite Vanguard 1 was put into orbit about the Earth, it was able to measure the local gravitational pull of the Earth—and therefore its shape—with unprecedented precision. It turned out that the equatorial bulge south of the equator was slightly bulgier than the bulge north of the equator, and that the South Pole sea level was slightly nearer the center of the Earth than the North Pole sea level was.

There seemed no other way of describing this than by saying the Earth was pearshaped and at once many people decided that the Earth was nothing like a sphere but was shaped like a Bartlett pear dangling in space. Actually, the pearlike deviation from oblate-spheroid perfect was a matter of yards rather than miles and the adjustment of curvature was in the millionths of an inch per mile.

In short, my English Lit friend, living in a mental world of absolute rights and wrongs, may be imagining that because all theories are wrong, the Earth may be thought spherical now, but cubical next century, and a hollow icosahedron the next, and a doughnut shape the one after.

What actually happens is that once scientists get hold of a good concept they gradually refine and extend if with a greater and greater subtlety as their instruments of measurement improve. Theories are not so much wrong as incomplete.

This can be pointed out in many other cases than just the shape of the Earth. Even when a new theory seems to represent a revolution, it usually arises out of small refinements. If something more than a small refinement were needed, then the old theory would never have endured.

Copernicus switched from an Earth-centered planetary system to a Sun-centered one. In doing so, he switched from something that was obvious to something that was apparently ridiculous. However, it was a matter of finding better ways of calculating the motion of the planets in the sky and, eventually, the geocentric theory was just left behind. It was precisely because the old theory gave results that were fairly good by the measurement standards of the time that kept it in being so long.

Again, it is because the geological formations of the Earth change so slowly and the living things upon it evolve so slowly that it seemed reasonable at first to suppose that there was no change and that Earth and life always existed as they do today. If that were so, it would make no difference whether Earth and life were billions of years old or thousands. Thousands were easier to grasp.

But when careful observation showed that Earth and life were changing at a rate that was very tiny but not zero, then it became clear that Earth and life had to be very old. Modern geology came into being, and so did the notion of biological evolution.

If the rate of change were more rapid, geology and evolution would have reached their modern state in ancient times. It is only because the difference between the rate of change in a static Universe and the rate of change in an evolutionary one is that between zero and very nearly zero that the creationists can continue propagating their folly.

Again, how about the two great theories of the twentieth century; relativity and quantum mechanics?

Newton’s theories of motion and gravitation were very close to right, and they would have been absolutely right if only the speed of light were infinite. However, the speed of light is finite, and that had to be taken into account in Einstein’s relativistic equations, which were an extension and refinement of Newton’s equations.

You might say that the difference between infinite and finite is itself infinite, so why didn’t Newton’s equations fall to the ground at once? Let’s put it another way, and ask how long it takes light to travel over a distance of a meter.

If light traveled at infinite speed, it would take light 0 seconds to travel a meter. At the speed at which light actually travels, however, it takes it 0.0000000033 seconds. It is that difference between 0 and 0.0000000033 that Einstein corrected for.

Conceptually, the correction was as important as the correction of Earth’s curvature from 0 to 8 inches per mile was. Speeding subatomic particles wouldn’t behave the way they do without the correction, nor would particle accelerators work the way they do, nor nuclear bombs explode, nor the stars shine. Nevertheless, it was a tiny correction and it is no wonder that Newton, in his time, could not allow for it, since he was limited in his observations to speeds and distances over which the correction was insignificant.

Again, where the prequantum view of physics fell short was that it didn’t allow for the “graininess” of the Universe. All forms of energy had been thought to be continuous and to be capable of division into indefinitely smaller and smaller quantities.

This turned out to be not so. Energy comes in quanta, the size of which is dependent upon something called Planck’s constant. If Planck’s constant were equal to 0 erg-seconds, then energy would be continuous, and there would be no grain to the Universe. Planck’s constant, however, is equal to 0.000000000000000000000000066 erg-seconds. That is indeed a tiny deviation from zero, so tiny that ordinary questions of energy in everyday life need not concern themselves with it. When, however, you deal with subatomic particles, the graininess is sufficiently large, in comparison, to make it impossible to deal with them without taking quantum considerations into account.

Since the refinements in theory grow smaller and smaller, even quite ancient theories must have been sufficiently right to allow advances to be made; advances that were not wiped out by subsequent refinements.

The Greeks introduced the notion of latitude and longitude, for instance, and made reasonable maps of the Mediterranean basin even without taking sphericity into account, and we still use latitude and longitude today.

The Sumerians were probably the first to establish the principle that planetary movements in the sky exhibit regularity and can be predicted, and they proceeded to work out ways of doing so even though they assumed the Earth to be the center of the Universe. Their measurements have been enormously refined but the principle remains.

Newton’s theory of gravitation, while incomplete over vast distances and enormous speeds, is perfectly suitable for the Solar System. Halley’s Comet appears punctually as Newton’s theory of gravitation and laws of motion predict. All of rocketry is based on Newton, and Voyager II reached Uranus within a second of the predicted time. None of these things were outlawed by relativity.

In the nineteenth century, before quantum theory was dreamed of, the laws of thermodynamics were established, including the conservation of energy as first law, and the inevitable increase of entropy as the second law. Certain other conservation laws such as those of momentum, angular momentum, and electric charge were also established. So were Maxwell’s laws of electromagnetism. All remained firmly entrenched even after quantum theory came in.

Naturally, the theories we now have might be considered wrong in the simplistic sense of my English Lit correspondent, but in a much truer and subtler sense, they need only be considered incomplete.

For instance, quantum theory has produced something called “quantum weirdness” which brings into serious question the very nature of reality and which produces philosophical conundrums that physicists simply can’t seem to agree upon. It may be that we have reached a point where the human brain can no longer grasp matters, or it may be that quantum theory is incomplete and that once it is properly extended, all the “weirdness” will disappear.

Again, quantum theory and relativity seem to be independent of each other, so that while quantum theory makes it seem possible that three of the four known interactions can be combined into one mathematical system, gravitation—the realm of relativity—as yet seems intransigent.

If quantum theory and relativity can be combined, a true “unified field theory” may become possible.

If all this is done, however, it would be a still finer refinement that would affect the edges of the known—the nature of the big bang and the creation of the Universe, the properties at the center of black holes, some subtle points about the evolution of galaxies and supernovas, and so on.

Virtually all that we know today, however, would remain untouched and when I say I am glad that I live in a century when the Universe is essentially understood, I think I am justified.

#isaac asimov #science #wrong #ideology #philosophy

[algebraicvarietyshow]

The National Garden should be composed of statues, including statues of Ansel Adams, John Adams, Samuel Adams, Muhammad Ali, Luis Walter Alvarez, Susan B. Anthony, Hannah Arendt, Louis Armstrong, Neil Armstrong, Crispus Attucks, John James Audubon, Lauren Bacall, Clara Barton, Todd Beamer, Alexander Graham Bell, Roy Benavidez, Ingrid Bergman, Irving Berlin, Humphrey Bogart, Daniel Boone, Norman Borlaug, William Bradford, Herb Brooks, Kobe Bryant, William F. Buckley, Jr., Sitting Bull, Frank Capra, Andrew Carnegie, Charles Carroll, John Carroll, George Washington Carver, Johnny Cash, Joshua Chamberlain, Whittaker Chambers, Johnny “Appleseed” Chapman, Ray Charles, Julia Child, Gordon Chung-Hoon, William Clark, Henry Clay, Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain), Roberto Clemente, Grover Cleveland, Red Cloud, William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody, Nat King Cole, Samuel Colt, Christopher Columbus, Calvin Coolidge, James Fenimore Cooper, Davy Crockett, Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., Miles Davis, Dorothy Day, Joseph H. De Castro, Emily Dickinson, Walt Disney, William “Wild Bill” Donovan, Jimmy Doolittle, Desmond Doss, Frederick Douglass, Herbert Henry Dow, Katharine Drexel, Peter Drucker, Amelia Earhart, Thomas Edison, Jonathan Edwards, Albert Einstein, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Duke Ellington, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Medgar Evers, David Farragut, the Marquis de La Fayette, Mary Fields, Henry Ford, George Fox, Aretha Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, Milton Friedman, Robert Frost, Gabby Gabreski, Bernardo de Gálvez, Lou Gehrig, Theodor Seuss Geisel, Cass Gilbert, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, John Glenn, Barry Goldwater, Samuel Gompers, Alexander Goode, Carl Gorman, Billy Graham, Ulysses S. Grant, Nellie Gray, Nathanael Greene, Woody Guthrie, Nathan Hale, William Frederick “Bull” Halsey, Jr., Alexander Hamilton, Ira Hayes, Hans Christian Heg, Ernest Hemingway, Patrick Henry, Charlton Heston, Alfred Hitchcock, Billie Holiday, Bob Hope, Johns Hopkins, Grace Hopper, Sam Houston, Whitney Houston, Julia Ward Howe, Edwin Hubble, Daniel Inouye, Andrew Jackson, Robert H. Jackson, Mary Jackson, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, Steve Jobs, Katherine Johnson, Barbara Jordan, Chief Joseph, Elia Kazan, Helen Keller, John F. Kennedy, Francis Scott Key, Coretta Scott King, Martin Luther King, Jr., Russell Kirk, Jeane Kirkpatrick, Henry Knox, Tadeusz Kościuszko, Harper Lee, Pierre Charles L’Enfant, Meriwether Lewis, Abraham Lincoln, Vince Lombardi, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Clare Boothe Luce, Douglas MacArthur, Dolley Madison, James Madison, George Marshall, Thurgood Marshall, William Mayo, Christa McAuliffe, William McKinley, Louise McManus, Herman Melville, Thomas Merton, George P. Mitchell, Maria Mitchell, William “Billy” Mitchell, Samuel Morse, Lucretia Mott, John Muir, Audie Murphy, Edward Murrow, John Neumann, Annie Oakley, Jesse Owens, Rosa Parks, George S. Patton, Jr., Charles Willson Peale, William Penn, Oliver Hazard Perry, John J. Pershing, Edgar Allan Poe, Clark Poling, John Russell Pope, Elvis Presley, Jeannette Rankin, Ronald Reagan, Walter Reed, William Rehnquist, Paul Revere, Henry Hobson Richardson, Hyman Rickover, Sally Ride, Matthew Ridgway, Jackie Robinson, Norman Rockwell, Caesar Rodney, Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, Betsy Ross, Babe Ruth, Sacagawea, Jonas Salk, John Singer Sargent, Antonin Scalia, Norman Schwarzkopf, Junípero Serra, Elizabeth Ann Seton, Robert Gould Shaw, Fulton Sheen, Alan Shepard, Frank Sinatra, Margaret Chase Smith, Bessie Smith, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Jimmy Stewart, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Gilbert Stuart, Anne Sullivan, William Howard Taft, Maria Tallchief, Maxwell Taylor, Tecumseh, Kateri Tekakwitha, Shirley Temple, Nikola Tesla, Jefferson Thomas, Henry David Thoreau, Jim Thorpe, Augustus Tolton, Alex Trebek, Harry S. Truman, Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Dorothy Vaughan, C. T. Vivian, John von Neumann, Thomas Ustick Walter, Sam Walton, Booker T. Washington, George Washington, John Washington, John Wayne, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Phillis Wheatley, Walt Whitman, Laura Ingalls Wilder, Roger Williams, John Winthrop, Frank Lloyd Wright, Orville Wright, Wilbur Wright, Alvin C. York, Cy Young, and Lorenzo de Zavala.”

donald trump ki kicsodája az amerikai történelemben

[weirdletter]

Spectral Realms, No. 13, edited by S.T. Joshi, Hippocampus Press, Summer 2020. Cover art and design by Daniel V. Sauer, info: hippocampuspress.com.

This thirteenth issue of Spectral Realms once again features many of the leading poets of our era—Richard L. Tierney, Ann K. Schwader, Adam Bolivar, Frank Coffman, Wade German, Leigh Blackmore, and K.A. Opperman. Several writers better known for their fiction—Darrell Schweitzer, Nicole Cushing, David Barker, Curtis M. Lawson, and Don Webb—contribute poetry of metrical precision and terrifying potency. Scott J. Couturier evokes the shade of William Hope Hodgson in “Amongst the Sargasso,” while Adele Gardner writes an acrostic dedicated to Poe in “Nevermore.” Among our prose poets, Maxwell I. Gold again stands out in his signature issue—the mingling of weirdness and technology. Manuel Pérez-Campos’s “After Verdun” evokes the horrors of war. Spectral Realms is now attracting an international cast of contributors. From Singapore, Christina Sng has long graced our pages, and here she is joined by Ngo Binh Anh Khoa from Vietnam, Andrey Pissantchev from Russia, and Tatiana Strange from Germany. The classic reprints feature poems by two colleagues of H.P. Lovecaft, R.H. Barlow and Arthur Goodenough. Donald Sidney-Fryer supplies an extensive review of David E. Schultz’s landmark edition of the work of Leah Bodine Drake.

Poems: King Pest – Richard L. Tierney The Protector – Ian Futter After Verdun: A Psychomantic Vision – Manuel Pérez-Campos Märchen (Fairy Tales) – Carl E. Reed Nevermore – Adele Gardner The Sleeper – Josh Maybrook City of Skulls – Maxwell I. Gold Among the Petroglyphs – Ann K. Schwader The Catacombs – Tatiana Strange Illusion of Light – Ronald Terry The Hidebehind: A Legend of the North Country – Frank Coffman Dream Snatchers – Ngo Binh Anh Khoa My Bantam Black Fay – Manuel Arenas Doubled Word – Rahul Gupta De Quincey Mutations: Our Ladies of Sorrow – Wade German Ithaca, Finally – Darrell Schweitzer All That I Have Lost – Christina Sng Astray – F. J. Bergmann Imperishable – David C. Kopaska-Merkel Wraith of the Versifier – David Barker The Tongueless Dead – Leigh Blackmore Sanctuary – Mary Krawczak Wilson O Iranon – Charles Lovecraft Sweet Discordia Lee – Oliver Smith The Harvester – K. A. Opperman The Song of Calamity Joe – Andrey Pissantchev Jenkin – Ross Balcom Amongst the Sargasso – Scott J. Couturier Notre Dame Is Burning! – Lori R. Lopez The Sweet Dreams of the Dead – David O’Melia The Witch-Gallows – Josh Maybrook Lord Death – Ashley Dioses Our Lady of the Acherontia – Allan Rozinski Legion – Benjamin Blake Where the New Gods Dwell – Maxwell I. Gold Imaginary Friend – Ngo Binh Anh Khoa Lines on Austin Osman Spare’s “Arbor Vitae” – Manuel Pérez-Campos In the Forest, Where Wild Things Live – Claire Smith Melinoë – Wade German Hell-Flower – Manuel Arenas Haunted – Ronald Terry He Who Waits – Frank Coffman Splenetic IV: After Baudelaire – Rahul Gupta The Graves – Steven Withrow A Conspiracy Penetrated – Carl E. Reed Frozen Voices – Leigh Blackmore Calling All Witches – Adele Gardner To the Wolves – Scott J. Couturier Red Land, Black Pharaoh – Ann K. Schwader Ouroboros – Frank Coffman The Draining Chair – Thomas Tyrrell Retrieval – F. J. Bergmann The Rider of the Pegasi – C. d. G. Nightingale Testament of Doom: A Paean to Clark Ashton Smith – Manuel Pérez-Campos The Passive Vampire – Wade German The Pores of Earth – Charles Lovecraft Moribond – Manuel Arenas The Variant – Maxwell I. Gold To Gaelle Lacroix, Lone Survivor of the Trufort Massacre – Steven Withrow Dr. Ripper, I Presume? – Carl E. Reed Red Tresses – Scott C. Couturier

Classic Reprints: Strife – R.H. Barlow It Will Be Thus – Arthur Goodenough

Reviews: The Sun Sings Loud and Clear – Donald Sidney-Fryer Terror and Poignancy – S. T. Joshi A Queen of Dark Poetry – Sunni K Brock

Notes on Contributors

#book #magazine #poetry journal #weird poetry #fantastic poetry #weird verse #spectral realms #weird reviews

[shelly-johnson]

Little Darlings (1980) dir. Ronald F. Maxwell

#80sedit #filmgifs #throwbackblr #userstream #kristy mcnichol #littledarlingsedit #little darlings #80s #my edits #my gifsets #mine

[tasksweekly]

[TASK 175: SAINT LUCIA]

In celebration of December 13th being Saint Lucian National Day, here’s a masterlist below compiled of over 210+ Saint Lucian faceclaims categorised by gender with their occupation and ethnicity denoted if there was a reliable source. If you want an extra challenge use random.org to pick a random number! Of course everything listed below are just suggestions and you can pick whichever faceclaim or whichever project you desire.

Any questions can be sent here and all tutorials have been linked below the cut for ease of access! REMEMBER to tag your resources with #TASKSWEEKLY and we will reblog them onto the main! This task can be tagged with whatever you want but if you want us to see it please be sure that our tag is the first five tags, @ mention us or send us a messaging linking us to your post!

THE TASK - scroll down for FC’s!

STEP 1: Decide on a FC you wish to create resources for! You can always do more than one but who are you starting with? There are links to masterlists you can use in order to find them and if you want help, just send us a message and we can pick one for you at random!

STEP 2: Pick what you want to create! You can obviously do more than one thing, but what do you want to start off with? Screencaps, RP icons, GIF packs, masterlists, PNG’s, fancasts, alternative FC’s - LITERALLY anything you desire!

STEP 3: Look back on tasks that we have created previously for tutorials on the thing you are creating unless you have whatever it is you are doing mastered - then of course feel free to just get on and do it. :)

STEP 4: Upload and tag with #TASKSWEEKLY! If you didn’t use your own screencaps/images make sure to credit where you got them from as we will not reblog packs which do not credit caps or original gifs from the original maker.

THINGS YOU CAN MAKE FOR THIS TASK -  examples are linked!

Stumped for ideas? Maybe make a masterlist or graphic of your favourite faceclaims. A masterlist of names. Plot ideas or screencaps from a music video preformed by an artist. Masterlist of quotes and lyrics that can be used for starters, thread titles or tags. Guides on culture and customs.

Screencaps

RP icons [of all sizes]

Gif Pack [maybe gif icons if you wish]

PNG packs

Manips

Dash Icons

Character Aesthetics

PSD’s

XCF’s

Graphic Templates - can be chara header, promo, border or background PSD’s!

FC Masterlists - underused, with resources, without resources!

FC Help - could be related, family templates, alternatives.

Written Guides.

and whatever else you can think of / make!

MASTERLIST!

F:

Helen DeMacque (1958) Afro-Saint Lucian - singer.

Jacqui Boatswain / Jacqueline Boatswain (1962) Afro-Saint Lucian - actress.

Marianne Jean-Baptiste (1967) Afro-Saint Lucian / Afro-Antiguan - actress.

Angellica Bell (1976) Afro-Saint Lucian - tv presenter and radio presenter.

Nicole Fiscella (1979) Saint Lucian [Afro-Saint Lucian, Indian, Possibly Other] - actress and model.

Karlyn Percil (1979) Afro-Saint Lucian - instagrammer (karlynpercil).

Tara Edward (1987) Afro-Saint Lucian - director, model and Miss Universe Saint Lucia 2012.

Annaliese Dayes (1986) Afro-Saint Lucian, Afro-Vincentian, Afro-Grenadian, Afro-Barbadian / Afro-Jamaican - model, DJ, tv personality, tv host, and radio host.

Joy-Ann Biscette (1986) Afro-Saint Lucian - model, Miss Saint Lucia Universe 2011, and Miss Saint Lucia World 2008.

Yasmin K. / Yasmin Knock / K-ass / Yasmin Knoch (1986) Afro-Saint Lucian / German - actress and singer.

Tara Edward (1987) Afro-Saint Lucian - model, director, and Miss Saint Lucia Universe 2012.

A.Dot / Amplify Dot / Dotty / Ashley Charles (1988) Afro-Saint Lucian - rapper, tv presenter, radio presenter, and DJ.

Nathalie Emmanuel (1989) Afro-Saint Lucian, English / Afro-Dominiquais, English - actress.

Ciarra Nevitt (1990) Afro-Saint Lucian, Afro-Jamaican, English - actress.

Roxanne Didier Nicholas (1992) Afro-Saint Lucian - model, dancer, and Miss Saint Lucia Universe 2014.

Angella Dalsou (1994) Saint Lucian - model and Miss Saint Lucia 2018.

Bebiana Mangal (1996) Afro-Saint Lucian - model and Miss Saint Lucia 2019.

Rosemary Mathurin (?) Afro-Saint Lucian / Afro-Jamaican - actress. 

Gabrielle Ryan (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - actress. 

Louise Victor (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - model and Miss Saint Lucia 2017.

La Toya Moffat (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - model, radio host, and Miss Saint Lucia 2016.

Francillia Austin (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - model and Miss Saint Lucia Earth 2014.

Oneka McKoy (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - model, tv host, Miss Saint Lucia World 2012, and Miss Saint Lucia Earth 2007.

Aiasha Tierra Rebecca Gustave (?) Saint Lucian - model and Miss Saint Lucia 2010.

Chrystal Rose (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - tv personality.

Annabel Rollins (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - model and Miss Plus Size Universe 2019.

Nicole David (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - singer.

Chelsea Reject (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - singer.

Marie-Claire Frederick (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - model.

Ayanna Irish (?) Saint Lucian, Montserratian, Jamaican, Barbadian, Panamanian - rapper.

Heather Noone (?) Afro-Saint Lucian / Korean - singer (instagram: swixxyheather).

Laura Beee (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - instagrammer (laurabeee_xo).

Tor (?) Afro-Saint Lucian, Laotian - instagrammer (_4en).

Nardia (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - model (instagram: iamnardia).

Valene (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - model (instagram: stluciasfinest).

Cinelli (?)  Afro-Saint Lucian - instagrammer (themaneater_).

Kayla (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - instagrammer (amirahml).

Shika Chica (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - instagrammer.

F - Athletes:

Verena Felicien (1964) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Eugena Gregg (1966) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Nadine George (1968) Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Philipa Thomas (1968) Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Glenicia James (1974) Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Vernetta Lesforis (1975) Afro-Saint Lucian - sprinter.

Michelle Baptiste (1977) Saint Lucian - long jumper.

Pamela Alfred (1978) Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Perdita Felicien (1980) Afro-Saint Lucian - hurdler.

Beth Lygoe (1981) Saint Lucian - sailor.

Sherri Henry (1982) Saint Lucian - swimmer.

Erma-Gene Evans (1984) Afro-Saint Lucian - javelin thrower.

Geva Mentor (1984) Afro-Saint Lucian - netball player.

Levern Spencer (1984) Afro-Saint Lucian - high jumper.

Natasha Sara Georgeos (1987) Saint Lucian - swimmer.

Makeba Alcide (1990) Afro-Saint Lucian - hurdler.

Danielle Beaubrun (1990) Afro-Saint Lucian - swimmer.

Ellaisa Marquis (1991) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Jeanelle Scheper (1994) Afro-Saint Lucian - high jumper.

Stephanie Devaux-Lovell (1995) Saint Lucian - sailor.

Qiana Joseph (2001) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Mikaili Charlemagne (2003) Afro-Saint Lucian - swimmer.

Roselyn Emmanuel (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

M:

Rick Wayne (1938) Afro-Saint Lucian - singer, author, and bodybuilder.

Joseph Marcell (1948) Afro-Saint Lucian - actor and comedian.

Leee John (1957) Afro-Saint Lucian - actor and singer-songwriter.

Paterson Joseph (1964) Afro-Saint Lucian - actor.

Trevor Nelson (1964) Afro-Saint Lucian - radio personality and DJ.

Andrew T. Lee (1968) Saint Lucian [Chinese] - actor.

Denys Baptiste (1969) Afro-Saint Lucian - saxophonist and composer.

Merwin Mondesir (1976) Afro-Saint Lucian - actor.

Bunji Garlin (1978) Trinidadian [Afro-Saint Lucian / Venezuelan] - singer-songwriter and producer.

Jordan Kensington (1981) Afro-Saint Lucian / Cameroonian - actor, tv presenter, radio presenter, songwriter, artist, and entrepreneur.

Cesár Sampson (1983) Afro-Saint Lucian / Afro-Trinidadian - singer-songwriter, model, dancer, and producer.

Dudley O’Shaughnessy (1989) Afro-Saint Lucian, Irish / English - actor, model, and boxer.

Monét X Change / Kevin Bertin (1990) Afro-Saint Lucian - drag queen, singer, and tv personality.

Rasta Marcus Theo (1991 or 1992) Afro-Saint Lucian / Afro-Dominiquais - model, singer, and personal trainer (instagram: m___nathaniel).

Joey Bada$$ / Joey Badass / Jo-Vaughn Scott (1995) Afro-Saint Lucian / Afro-Jamaican - actor, rapper-songwriter, singer, and producer.

DJ Cameo (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - radio host and DJ.

Boo / Ronald Hinkson (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - guitarist.

Arthur Allain (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - singer. 

Kayo / Kayo Guevarra (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - singer. 

Cairo Nevitt (?) Afro-Saint Lucian, English - actor, speaker, and personal trainer. - Trans! 

Lucian Jay (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - presenter. 

Aimran Simmons (?) Saint Lucian - pianist.

M - Athletes:

Bryan Mauricette (1946) Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Earl Fraites (1953) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Sylvester Mittee (1956) Afro-Saint Lucian, British - boxer.

Cornelius Henry (1956) Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Ignatius Cadette (1957) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Stuart Charles-Fevrier (1959) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Julian Charles (1961) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Kingsley Armstrong (1962) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Terrence Caroo (1964) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Ken Charlery (1964) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Les Ferdinand (1966) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Carlos Remy (1968) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

John Eugene (1970) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Warren Hackett (1971) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Éric Fanis (1971) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Ricardo Blanchard (1971) Saint Lucian - footballer.

Earl Jean (1971) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Edwin Ferdinand (1971) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Maxwell Seales (1972) Afro-Saint Lucian - sprinter.

Francis Lastic (1972) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Ivan Jean-Marie (1972) Afro-Saint Lucian - sprinter.

David Flavius (1972) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Maxime Charlemagne (1974) Afro-Saint Lucian - sprinter.

Titus Elva (1974) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Ron Promesse (1974) Afro-Saint Lucian - sprinter.

Zepherinus Joseph (1975) Afro-Saint Lucian - middle-distance runner and long-distance runner.

Dominic Johnson (1975) Saint Lucian - pole vaulter.

Francis McDonald (1975) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Danny Mitchell (1975) Saint Lucian - footballer.

Cyrille Charles (1977) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Guy George (1977) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Rio Ferdinand (1978) Afro-Saint Lucian / Irish - footballer.

Marcus Charlemagne (1978) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Alderman Lesmond (1978) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer and footballer.

Anton Ferdinand (1978) Afro-Saint Lucian / Irish - footballer.

Alvin La Feuille (1978) Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Liam George (1979) Afro-Saint Lucian / Irish - footballer.

Alleyn Prospere (1979) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Cleaveland Simon (1980) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Darel Russell (1980) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Cornelius Butcher (1980) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Nathan Justin (1981) Saint Lucian - footballer and sprinter.

Giovanni Deterville (1981) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Jarvin Skeete (1981) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Leon Knight (1982) Afro-Saint Lucian / Afro-Jamaican - footballer.

Cletus Mathurin (1982) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Hanif Dolor (1982) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Alain Providence (1982) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Germal Valcin (1982) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Jamie Peterkin (1982) Saint Lucian - swimmer.

Enderson George (1982) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Rickson Augustin (1982) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Chabbie Charlery (1983) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Michael Husbands (1983) Saint Lucian [Afro-Saint Lucian, Unspecified White, Possibly Other] - footballer.

Shervin Charles (1983) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Darren Sammy (1983) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Cowin Mathurin (1983) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Garey Mathurin (1983) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Sergio Fedee (1983) Afro-Saint Lucian / Afro-Guyanese - cricketer.

Leon Legge (1985) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Troy Prospere (1985) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Andreas Willie (1985) Saint Lucian - footballer.

Xavier Gabriel (1985) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Hiram Hunte (1985) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Fabian Joseph (1985) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Iran Cassius (1985) Saint Lucian - footballer.

Darvin Edwards (1986) Afro-Saint Lucian - high jumper.

Shervon Jack (1986) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Cliff Valcin (1986) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Zaccheus Polius (1986) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Craig Emmanuel (1986) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Randy Poleon (1986) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Philip Ifil (1986) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Mervin Wells (1987) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Vernus Abbott (1987) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Bradford Worrell (1988) Afro-Saint Lucian - swimmer.

Keddy Lesporis (1988) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Caddius Emmanuel (1988) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Albert Reynolds (1988) Afro-Saint Lucian - javelin thrower.

Jahvid Best (1989) Afro-Saint Lucian / African-American - sprinter and footballer.

Johnson Charles (1989) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Junior Stanislas (1989) Afro-Saint Lucian / Macedonian - footballer.

Bernard Edward (1990) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Dalton Polius (1990) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Teran John (1990) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Lester Joseph (1991) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Kurt Frederick (1991) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Jamil Joseph (1991) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Audley Alexander (1991) Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Tremain Paul (1991) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Pernal Williams (1991) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Kevin Edward (1991) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Pessius Polius (1991) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Marland Yarde (1992) Afro-Saint Lucian - rugby player.

Melvin Aurélien (1992) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Christopher Gibson (1992) Saint Lucian, English / Finnish - ice hockey player.

Melanius Mullarkey (1992) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Jonel Scott (1992) Saint Lucian - basketball player.

Troy Greenidge (1992) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Dominic Poleon (1993) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Andrus Remy (1993) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Chris Boucher (1993) Afro-Saint Lucian / French - basketball player.

Janoi Donacien (1993) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

David Henry (1993) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Zaine Pierre (1993) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Jean-Luc Zephir (1993) Afro-Saint Lucian - swimmer.

Eden Charles (1993) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Myles Hippolyte (1994) Afro-Saint Lucian, Afro-Grenadian, English - footballer.

Jordan Augier (1994) Saint Lucian - swimmer.

Emmery Edward (1994) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Kieran Monlouis (1995) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Taryck Gabriel (1995) Afro-Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Malik St. Prix (1995) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Caniggia Elva (1996) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Jevick Macfarlane (1996) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Nick Joseph (1998) Saint Lucian - sprinter.

Chaim Roserie (1998) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Zacherinus Simon (1998) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Josh Solomon-Davies (1999) Afro-Saint Lucian / English - footballer.

Jayhan Odlum-Smith (2002) Afro-Saint Lucian - swimmer.

Patrick Wilson (?) Saint Lucian - boxer.

Sherwin Emmanuel (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer. 

Carson Millar (?) Saint Lucian - footballer.

Vic Charles (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - karateka.

Hollis Bristol (?) Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Cassim Louis (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

Winston Mauricette (?) Saint Lucian - cricketer.

Decoursey Simon (?) Afro-Saint Lucian - footballer.

#saint lucian fc #st lucian fc #poc fc #fc list #rph #task: 175 #task: saint lucia