The rate of atheism is high in Saudi Arabia and the authorities consider it terrorism
The percentage of people who believe they are "convinced atheists" is the highest in Saudi Arabia, according to a report by the Gallup International Institute. A surprising and unexpected proportion due to the nature of Saudi society, which is subject to strict application of Islamic principles. The authorities have issued decrees weeks ago that consider doubting the principles of Islamic religion and atheism terrorism, so are you trying to eradicate this phenomenon in the country before it expands and gets out of control?
A study prepared by the Zurich-based International Gallup Institute showed that the rate of atheism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ranges between 5 and 9 percent of the total population of the Kingdom. This percentage is the highest compared to Arab countries, even with those that are known for their secular tendencies such as Tunisia and Lebanon, as this study showed that the percentage of atheism in these two countries does not exceed 5 percent of the total population.
The percentage of atheists in Saudi Arabia is high and surprising, given the nature of Saudi society, which is subject to strict application of Islamic principles. What drives the Saudis to declare their atheism? And do the Saudi authorities, through issuing royal decrees a few weeks ago, consider doubting the principles of Islamic religion and atheism as terrorism, trying to eradicate this social phenomenon in the country before it expands and gets out of control? What is the role of modern media and social media in spreading this phenomenon in the Kingdom?
The spread of the atheism phenomenon in Saudi Arabia as a result of the strict application of the Sharia
The head of the Centre for Middle East Studies in Riyadh Anwar Al-Eshqi confirmed in a call with the channel France 24 that this phenomenon crept into Saudi society as a result of several factors, the most prominent of which is the strict application of the principles of Islamic religion in Saudi society and the strict education that children receive within families and in society in general and that generates adverse reactions by pushing them to atheism instead of excessive religiosity. Al-Eshqi believes that this phenomenon is not frightening and not negative that some think. He adds that it is a healthy phenomenon that gives the traditional and conservative Saudi society a "pluralism" and gives an opportunity to dialogue with this group of society and benefit from their different visions of things and even amend some laws and benefit from their additions, because Saudi society should include a range of different intellectual currents to ensure its richness and renewal.
The Head of the Studies Centre also believes that modern media and social media have played a pivotal role in the spread of the phenomenon because they brought these ideas out of secrecy into the open and added a realistic dimension to them, and modern means of communication have secured a wider spread of these ideas in all layers of Saudi society that have become interacting with each other in a way More liveliness than before.
With regard to the royal decrees containing clauses criminalising atheism and placing it in the category of terrorism, Eshqi does not see the adoption of these laws by the authorities to suppress freedoms, because he believes that atheism as an independent form of thinking is a positive thing. But it may become negative and require legal accountability if it aims to remove the Saudi society from its traditional nature with a view to completely changing it, spreading discord in its aspects and challenging the religion, and the state in this case has the right to consider this type of atheism as a departure from the law and theorising terrorism
Twitter and Facebook have become the favourite space to express different opinions, even controversial ones in the kingdom. This is because these sites guarantee a certain level of confidentiality and immunity. A group of Saudi activists has created a Facebook account called "The Saudi Atheists Association" and there are Twitter accounts that openly adopt this phenomenon in Saudi Arabia. And one of the tweeters says, "These sites provided the opportunity to communicate between people interested in the values of secularism where they can negotiate. Another says on his Twitter account:" I am truly an atheist and free ... and whoever wants to refuse to be an atheist or have the option will discuss all the small and large until he goes It is harmful for me. "On these sites, people can also find pictures taken near places holy to Muslims in Saudi Arabia, during which they held banners saying that they are atheists.
The phenomenon of atheism in Saudi Arabia may indeed be seriously increasing, which explains the government's interest in it. Criminalisation is used as a tool to block the way it spreads to conservative society. The case of the tweeter Hamza Kashgari remains the most prominent issue that attracted the attention of local and international organisations for a group of Saudis that began to grow constrained by the restrictions of the authorities and the pressure of religion on them. They also found in the means of communication an opportunity to break free from these restrictions, even if only for a while.
REFERENCES
Brian Whitaker, The rise of Arab atheism, Monday 29 June 2015 https://newhumanist.org.uk/articles/4898/the-rise-of-arab-atheism
Norman K. Swazo, 2014. "The Case Of Hamza Kashgari: Examining Apostasy, Heresy, And Blasphemy Under Shari'a", The Review of Faith & International Affairs, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(4), pages 16-26, December.
WIN-Gallup International, GLOBAL INDEX OF RELIGIOSITY AND ATHEISM – 2012 https://sidmennt.is/wp-content/uploads/Gallup-International-um-tr%C3%BA-og-tr%C3%BAleysi-2012.pdf
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Országok, nemzetek és nemzetiségek
Általában nem szokták szeretni a diákok, mert gyakorlatilag ehhez csupán segg kell. Pedig nehézségek nélkül meg lehet tanulni az országokat es a belőlük képzett mellékneveket. Maximum a madagaszkári lehet fura, ami ugye malgache lesz. Mindenképpen ajánlom bevágásra, legyünk igényesek a környezetünkre és ismerjük franciául is a világot! Ahol nincs névelő, az azt jelenti, hogy névelő nélkül használtatik, ellenben neme van. :)
l`Afghanistan (m) → afghan → afghano-‘afgán’
l`Afrique (f) → africain → africano-‘afrikai’
l`Afrique centrale →centrafricain → centrafricano-‘közép-afrikai’
l`Afrique du Sud → sudafricain → sudafricano-‘dél-afrikai’
l`Albanie (f) → albanais → albano-‘albán’
l`Algérie (f) → algérien → algéro-‘algériai’
l`Allemagne (f) → allemand → germano-‘német’
l`Amérique (f) → américain → américano-‘amerikai’
l`Andorre (f) → andorran → andorro-‘andorrai’
l`Angleterre (f) → anglais → anglo-‘angol’
l`Angola (m) → angolais → angolo-‘angolai’
l`Antarctique (f) → antarctique → antarctico-‘antarktiszi, déli-sarkvidéki-’
l`Arabie saoudite (f) → saoudien → saoudo-‘szaúd-arábiai’
l`Arctique (f) → arctique → arctico-‘északi-sarki’
l`Argentine (f) → argentin → argentino-‘argentin’
l`Arménie (f) → arménien → arméno-‘örmény’
l`Asie (f) → asiatique → asiatico-‘ázsiai’
l`Atlantique (f) (océan ~) → atlantique → atlantico-‘atlanti’
l`Australie (f) → australien → australo-‘ausztráliai’
l`Autriche (f) → autrichien → austro-‘ausztriai’
l`Azerbaïdjan (m) → azéri → azéro-‘azeri’
les Bahamas (f) → bahaméen → bahaméo-‘Bahama-szigeteki’
Bahreïn (m) → bahreïnien → bahreïno-‘bahreini’
la Baltique → balte → balto-‘balti’
le Bangladesh → bangladais → banglado-‘bangladesi’
la Barbade → barbadien → barbado-‘barbadosi’
la Belgique → belge → belgo-‘belga’
le Bénin → béninois → bénino-‘benini’
le Bhoutan → bhoutanais → bhoutano-‘bhutáni’
le Biélorussie → biélorusse → biélorusso-‘fehérorosz’
la Birmanie → birman → birmano-‘burmai’
la Bolivie → bolivien → bolivo-‘bolíviai’
la Bosnie → bosniaque/bosnien → bosniaco-/bosno-‘bosnyák/boszniai’
le Botswana → botswanais → botswano-‘botswanai’
le Brésil → brésilien → brésilo-‘brazil’
Brunéi (m) → brunéien → brunéo-‘brunei’
la Bulgarie → bulgare → bulgaro-‘bolgár’
le Burkina Faso → burkinabè → burkinabo-‘Burkina Fasó-i’
le Burundi → burundais → burundo-‘burundi’
le Cambodge → cambodgien → khméro-‘kambodzsai’
le Cameroun → camerounais → camerouno-‘kameruni’
le Canada → canadien → canado-‘kanadai’
le Cap-Vert → capverdien → cap-verdo-‘zöld-foki-szigeteki’
le Chili → chilien → chilo-‘chilei’
la Chine → chinois → sino-‘kínai’
Chypre (f) → chypriote →chyprio-‘ciprusi’
la Colombie → colombien → colombo-‘kolumbiai’
le Congo → congolais → congolo-‘kongói’
la Corée → coréen → coréo-(nord-coréo-, sud-coréo-) ‘koreai’ (‘észak-koreai’, ‘dél-koreai’)
le Costa Rica → costaricain → costarico-‘Costa Rica-i’
la Côte d’Ivoire → ivoirien →ivoiro-‘elefántcsontparti’
la Croatie → croate → croato-‘horvát’
le Cuba → cubain → cubano-‘kubai’
le Danemark → danois → dano-‘dán’
Djibouti (m) → djiboutien → djibouto-‘dzsibuti’
la Dominique → dominicain → dominico-‘dominikai’
l`Écosse (f) → écossais → écosso-‘skót’
l`Égypte (f) → égyptien → égypto-‘egyiptomi’
l`Espagne (f) → espagnol → hispano-‘spanyol’
l`Estonie → estonien → esto-‘észt’
les États-Unis → américain → américano-‘amerikai’
l`Éthiopie (f) → éthiopien →éthio-‘etióp’
l`Europe (f) → européen → euro-‘európai’
la Finlande → finlandais → finno-‘finn’
la France → français → franco-‘francia’
le Gabon → gabonais → gabono-‘gaboni’
Galles (Pays de Galles) → gallois → gallo-‘walesi’
la Gambie → gambien → gambo-‘gambiai’
la Géorgie → géorgien → géorgo-‘grúziai’
le Ghana → ghanéen → ghanéo-‘ghánai’
la Grande-Bretagne → britannique → britanno-’brit’
la Grèce → grec → gréco-‘görög’
le Guatémala → guatemaltèque → guatémaltéco-‘guatemalai’
la Guinée → guinéen → guinéo-‘guineai’
le Guyane → guyanien → guyano-‘guyanai’
Haïti (m) → haïtien → haïto-‘haiti’
le Honduras → hondurien → honduro-‘hondurasi’
la Hongrie → hongrois → hungaro-‘magyar’
l`Inde (f) → indien → indo-‘indiai’
l`Indonésie (f) →indonésien → indonéso-‘indonéziai’
l`Irak/Iraq (m) → irakien/iraquien → irako-/iraquo-‘iraki’
l`Iran (m) → iranien → irano-‘iráni’
l`Irlande (f) → irlandais → irlando-‘ír’
l`Islande (f) → islandais → islando-‘izlandi’
Israël (m) → israélien → israélo-‘izraeli’
l`Italie (f) → italien → italo-‘olasz’
le Japon → japonais → nippo-‘japán’
la Jordanie → jordanien → jordano-‘jordán’
le Kazakhstan → kazakh → kazakho-‘kazah’
le Kenya → kenyan → kenyano-‘kenyai’
le Kirghizstan → kirghiz → kirghizo-‘kirgiz’
le Koweït → koweïtien → koweïto-‘kuvaiti’
le Laos → laotien → lao-‘laoszi’
la Lettonie → letton → letto-‘lett’
le Liban → libanais → libano-‘libanoni’
le Libéria → libérien → libéro-‘libériai’
la Libye → libyen → libyo-‘líbiai’
le Liechtenstein → liechtensteinois → liechtensteino-‘liechtensteini’
la Lituanie → lituanien → lituano-‘litván’
le Luxembourg → luxembourgeois → luxembourgo-‘luxemburgi’
la Macédoine → macédonien → macédo-, macédono-‘macedón’
Madagascar (f) → malgache → malgacho-‘madagaszkári’
la Malaisie → malais/malaisien → malaiso-‘maláj’
le Mali → malien → malo-‘mali’
Malte (f) → maltais → malto-‘máltai’
le Maroc → marocain → maroco-‘marokkói’
la Mauritanie → mauritanien → mauritano-‘mauritániai’
la Méditerranée → méditerranéen → méditerranéo-‘mediterrán’, ‘földközi-tengeri’
le Mexique → mexicain → mexico-‘mexikói’
la Moldavie → moldave → moldavo-‘moldáv’
Monaco (m) → monégasque → monégasco-‘monacói’
la Mongolie → mongol → mongolo-‘mongol’
le Monténégro → monténégrin → monténégrino-‘montenegrói’
le Mozambique → mozambicain → mozambico-‘mozambiki’
la Namibie → namibien → namibo-‘namíbiai’
le Népal→ népalais → népalo-‘nepáli’
le Nicaragua → nicaraguayen → nicaraguo-‘nicaraguai’
le Niger → nigérien → nigéro-‘nigeri’
le Nigéria → nigérian → nigériano-‘nigériai’
la Norvège → norvégien → norvégo-‘norvég’
la Nouvelle-Zélande → néo-zélandais → néo-zélando-‘új-zélandi’
Oman (m) → omani → omano-‘ománi’
l`Ouganda (m) → ougandais → ougando-‘ugandai’
l`Ouzbékistan (m) → ouzbek → ouzbéko-‘üzbég’
la Pacifique (océan ~) → pacifique → pacifico-‘csendes-óceáni’
le Pakistan → pakistanais → pakistano-‘pakisztáni’
la Palestine → palestinien → palestino-‘palesztin’
le Panama → panaméen → panaméo-‘panamai’
le Paraguay → paraguayen → paraguayo-‘paraguayi’
les Pays de Galles (m) → gallois → gallo-‘walesi’
les Pays-Bas (m) → néerlandais/hollandais → néerlando-/hollando-‘holland’
le Pérou → péruvien → péruvo-‘perui’
les Philippines (f) → philippin → philippino-‘Fülöp-szigeteki’
la Pologne → polonais → polono-‘lengyel’
le Portugal → portugais → luso-‘portugál’
le Qatar → qatari → qataro-‘katari’
la République centrafricaine → centrafricain → centrafricano-‘közép-afrikai köztársasági’
la République dominicaine → dominicain → dominicano ‘dominikai köztársasági’
la Roumanie → roumain → roumano-‘román’
le Royaume-Uni → britannique → britanno-‘brit’
la Russie → russe → russo-‘orosz’
le Rwanda → rwandais → rwando-‘ruandai’
Saint-Marin (m) → saint-marinais → saint-marino-‘San Marinó-i’
le Salvador → salvadorien → salvadoro-‘salvadori’
la Scandinavie → scandinave → scandinavo-‘skandináv’
le Sénégal → sénégalais → sénégalo-‘szenegáli’
la Serbie → serbe → serbo-‘szerb’
les Seychelles (f) → seychellois → seychello-‘Seychelle-szigeteki’
la Sierra léone → sierraléonais → sierraléono-‘sierra leone-i’
Singapour (f) → singapourien → singapouro ‘szingapúri’
la Slovaquie → slovaque → slovaco-‘szlovák’
la Slovénie → slovène → slovéno-‘szlovén’
la Somalie → somalien → somalo-‘szomáliai’
le Soudan → soudanais → soudano-‘szudáni’
le Sri Lanka → srilankais/cingalais → srilanko-/cingalo-‘Srí Lanka-i’
la Suède → suédois → suédo-‘svéd’
la Suisse → suisse → suisso-, helvético-‘svájci’
le Suriname → surinamien → surinamo ‘suriname-i’
le Swaziland → swazi → swazo-‘szváziföldi’
la Syrie → syrien → syro-‘szíriai’
le Tadjikistan → tadjik → tadjiko-‘tádzsikisztáni’
la Tanzanie → tanzanien → tanzano-‘tanzániai’
le Tchad → tchadien → tchado-‘csádi’
la Tchéquie → tchèque → tchéco-‘cseh’
la Thaïlande → thaïlandais → thaïlando-‘thaiföldi’
le Tibet → tibétain → tibéto-‘tibeti
le Togo → togolais → togolo-‘togói’
Trinité-et-Tobago (f) → trinidadien → trinidado-‘trinidádi’
la Tunisie → tunisien → tuniso-/tunisio-‘tunéziai’
le Turkménistan → turkmène → turkméno-‘türkmén’
la Turquie → turc → turco-‘török’
l`Ukraine (f) → ukrainien → ukraino-‘ukrán’
l`Uruguay (m) → uruguayen → uruguayo-‘uruguayi’
Vatican (m) → vatican → vaticano-‘vatikáni’
le Venezuela → vénézuélien → vénézuélo-‘venezuelai’
le Vietnam → vietnamien → vietnamo-‘vietnámi’
le Yémen → yéménite → yéméno-‘jemeni’
la Zambie → zambien → zambio-‘zambiai’
le Zimbabwe → zimbabwéen → zimbabwéo-‘zimbabwei’
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