#test plays gpx

[stranger-than-fictionn]

Welcome to Hellfire, Girly

 (my first fic! i hope you all enjoy :) I tried, key word tried, to base the reader as a close as i could to 80′s goth and shoutout to my bestie for helping me :) <3)

-Eddie Munson x alt!reader

-warnings: light talk about his drug but otherwise no warnings :)

 The morning started out like any other, sticking to your routine perfectly.

 6:00 am

Wake up and get clothes on. Today you decided to wear your cuffed boatneck black sweater, your ripped up stockings, and a red plaided penicl skirt. You added your silver ankh necklace and silver rings, courtesy of your friend for your 18th birthday. Before you could start anything else you tucked your sweater into your skirt.

You teased your hair to your liking and put makeup on for the day. By the time you leave your room and make your daily buttered toast, it’s 6:30. After slipping on your black, worn out boots you make your way to the bus stop. You slip on your koss porta pro headphones that are connected to your Gpx cassette player. As ‘Shake the Disease’ from Depeche Mode begins to play in your ears, the bus makes it stop and you walk on the crowded vehicle

This morning already started on a bad foot, your best friend wasn’t here at your meeting spot so that meant going to the basketball pep rally by yourself. You spotted Robin Buckely within the band section of the gym. You gave her a small wave and she returned it. 

The two of your were close freshmen to junior year but with no classes together and having jobs, the two of you rarely hangout anymore.When you do see her at Family Video, you two equally talk each other’s ears off with stories from the past week,

The rest of the pep rally went by and you left for your English class. You didn’t mind this class but the basketball boys were still pumped up from the pep rally so their loud excitement didn’t sit well with you at 7:35 in the morning.

“Okay everyone, it’s book discussion day, please out your books and 3 questions and split up into groups two to four.” your teacher said, sitting at his desks, clearly to busy grading your past test to care that much. You went to closest 3 person group you could find, starting to discuss ‘Jurassic Park’ and the metaphor of how the book shows we shouldn’t disrupt mother nature and the cycle of life. The three people you sat with could care less about the book, but you really wanted this grade.

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Lunch. God not this period, usually you sit with your friend but their absence means sitting alone. It’s like being in a small row boat in the sea of social classes within this high school. You have your band kids, party goers, your popular kids table etc. You can either sink or float, and it feeling like you’re sinking.

You decide to sit in the back of the cafeteria, music playing through your headphones as you ate your sandwich. Being at lunch alone is like being a zebra alone in the wild, the lions can come up any second and attack-

“Hey, you listening?” a younger boy said while smacking the table to get your attention. You quickly set down your sandwich and took off your headphones, looking at the two look at the boys. 

One wearing a hat that says ‘thinking cap’ and a fun button shirt, the other tall with black curly hair and strong cheekbones and jawline. The two have one thing in common, a hellfire club t-shirt. Most famously known to be the dnd club of Hawkins High. You thought of joining, but your job makes it hard for an after school club.

“Yes? May I help you?” you ask, the shorter boy looked excited. “Hi I’m Dustin, so would you know a game called Dungeons and Dragons also known as dnd? It’s a really cool game-” he was cut off by you saying, “Yes I know what dnd is, I have a character for it.”

“Great! Now my buddy Mike and I need a sub for tonight’s meetup, would you like to come to hellfire with us tonight?” he asked, adding a smile to butter up his deal with you. 

Playing dnd with stranger you’ve never met? Is this how you want to spend the night before spring break?...fuck it, what’s the worst that can happen? “Sure, I’ll join you,” you said, looking at the boys smile at each other in accomplishment. 

“Awesome! You won’t regret this!” Dustin said smiling, shaking your hand. You couldn’t help but smile a bit, these kids were excited you wanted to play, it felt nice. “Okay, all you have to do is talk to the dungeon master and we’ll be in our way. Meet us outside of the gym around 5:30. that can be our meeting spot then we can play.” Mike says obviously sounding more chirped than when he first came over here.

You nodded, “Okay, sounds like a plan to me,” then the bell rung, signaling people to movie to your next period. “I’ll see you guys then,” you said to the boys, making your way to the exit.

———————————————————————————-

5:30 came around, you waited by the gym doors. while you held your note sheet and pencils. You soon hear shouting from the boys, making it clear they’re here. They came up to you, “Ready to meet our dungeon master?” Dustin asked, “Ready as I’ll ever be,” you gave a small smile.

The three of you walked to where the hellfire club meeting was taken place. You walked into the dimly lit room, seeing the ‘dungeon master’ and the three other members of the hellfire club around him.

“Soooo, this is who you brought as a sub?” Eddie asked, leaning back in throne. “Yep! And they already have a character made,” Dustin added in. Eddie smirked, his eyes examining you and your posture. You seem a bit nervous but otherwise determined, he likes that about you. “Okay, state your name and tell me about your character.” he demanded, feeling almost king-like from the chair he sat upon.

“My name is Y/n and my character is a level 15, chaotic good, elf, ranger named Saeya Gaelen. She has poison laced arrows and a dagger named ‘Dagger of Death’s Flower’ carefully crafted to be able to kill any being she so pleases.” you stated, feeling a bit silly saying everything out loud, you never played with this party, how will they react to you?

Eddie got up from his throne, walking towards you with a smile, “Not too bad there…Think you can hang with us?” he asked while leaning close to you, his voice had genuine excitement in it. Your face heated up a tad, he is really cute and was so close to you.You smile and nodded, “Yeah I do,” he stuck out his hand for you to shake, “Welcome to hellfire, girly,” he said while you shook his hand.

———————————————————————————

After the most intense game, the 8 of you walk out the school, same time as the audience of the basketball game. You all were laughing and celebrating after you rolled a successful 20 as the last player standing against vecna.

“So Y/n, you like it here?” Eddie asked, coming up to walk with you. “Yeah! It was loads of fun, thank you for letting me in, dungeon master,” you joked at the end, put a smile on his face, “You can call me Eddie now that we’re not playing…You know, you’re different from the rest of the people here,” he stated while looking at you. He smiled and continued, “You’re not some conformist like everyone else at this school, you’re actually really cool… and pretty..” he mumbled towards the end.

You blushed, “Did I hear that correctly Eddie?” you asked, making him smile and blush out of embarrassment, “Nooooo, you didn’t. I didn’t say anything actually,” he laughed and you joined him, “But no I’m serious, you are…really pretty,” he stated as he stopped walking to look at you, “T-Thank you, I think you’re pretty cute yourself Eddie..” you added, feeling yourself unconsciously but your lip and look down at your boots.

He gave a small laugh before saying, “Can I get your phone number at all? Just so we can talk when I get home? I got do this deal, someone’s buying and I’m selling,” he joked, but he was serious about selling what someone wants to buy.

“Yeah you can, i’ll give you my personal phone so you don’t call my house phone late tonight…” you mumbled, using your pencil and a spare piece of paper, you wrote your number, “Okay I gotta go so call me when you get home,” you smiled, going towards your car to drive home.

Eddie smiled as he watched you pull out and drive away from the school. He looked at the paper that had your phone as a small message that wrote, “Thanks for the fun night dungeon master Eddie, hope this means I’m invited to next meeting :)”

He bit his bottom lip, trying to hide his excitement from getting your number. People say dnd makes people go crazy, start cults, or even commit murder…never mentioned how it can bring someone new to you.

#stranger things #eddie munson #eddie munson x reader #eddie munson x you #stranger things eddie munson #eddie munson x y/n

[hermanludvigsen]

Great need of lymphocyte recuperation via treatment-related lymphopenia in in your area superior pancreatic most cancers

In our 3-Methyladenine PI3K inhibitor current review, 1 distinctive glucuronidation merchandise involving SEN throughout human liver microsomes (HLMs) had been identified as SEN N-glucuronide using an authentically synthesized product that the dwelling ended up being determined through (One) and (12)C NMR analysis. Consequently, kinetics established that SEN N-glucuronidation followed the normal Michaelis-Menten design and just one particular major isozyme took part in the idea. Last but not least, this specific isozyme has been proved UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A4, using the primary proof in which recombinant UGT1A4 displayed major as well as distinctive exercise about SEN N-glucuronidation. This particular consequence was verified by simply various other studies which include compound inhibition by simply selective inhibitors along with a correlation review in between routines associated with SEN N-glucuronidation as well as UGT isozymes. The distinctive part of UGT1A4 upon SEN N-glucuronidation has been strengthened in addition simply by the inhibitory kinetic review the location where the discerning inhibitor involving UGT1A4 confirmed much the same hang-up routine and also E(my partner and i) beliefs in HLM and recombinant UGT1A4 methods. Because UGT2B10 task didn't associate along with SEN N-glucuronidation in HLMs via 10 individuals, it turned out difficult for UGT2B10 to play a vital role with this metabolic process.A new reported association in between the extra estrogen and also selenium status may be crucial in the damaging selenium metabolic process. In this review, the effect associated with oestrogen reputation for the metabolic process involving orally administered Se-75-selenite along with muscle selenium reputation ended up being researched. Woman Sprague Dawley rats were bilaterally ovariectomized with 6 months old and also incorporated along with sometimes a placebo pellet (OVX) or pellet containing estradiol (OVX+E2), as well as had been scam operated (Sham). In 3 months old, Sixty mu Ci involving Se-75 since selenite ended up being by mouth used in order to OVX and OVX+E2 test subjects. Bloodstream as well as areas ended up accumulated One, Three, Some as well as 24 h after dosing. Excess estrogen standing had been related to time-dependent variations in submitting of Se-75 in plasma televisions, reddish blood cellular (RBC), lean meats, cardiovascular, kidney, spleen, brain as well as thymus along with development associated with Se-75 directly into plasma selenoprotein S (Sepp1) along with glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Estrogen treatment method in addition significantly elevated selenium focus along with GPx exercise within lcd, liver organ along with brain, selenium awareness throughout RBC along with hepatic Sepp1 and also GPx1 messenger RNA. These benefits declare that oestrogen position influences cells submission regarding selenium through modulating Sepp1, since this protein takes on a central position inside selenium transportation. (Chemical) Next year Elsevier Incorporated. All protection under the law set aside.Your neuropeptide V (NPY) has become advised to do something like a key regulator involving mental processes along with the weight. The full array of neurological results of this particular peptide will be mediated by four or five classes involving receptors called the Y-1, Y-2, Y-4, along with Y-5 subtypes. Nevertheless, the individual share of each one of the receptor subtypes, especially the Y-5 subtype, throughout emotive techniques remains largely not known.

#Liproxstatin-1 #Talazoparib #Ipatasertib #Dibutyryl-cAMP #SB203580 #3-Methyladenine #Torin 1 #Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate #SHP099 #2-Methoxyestradiol #Baf-A1 #SBE-β-CD #3-MA #Tosedostat #BSJ-4-116 #Danuglipron #Brepocitinib

[railwave6]

Hydrogen gas post-conditioning attenuates earlier neuronal pyroptosis inside a rat type of subarachnoid hemorrhage with the mitoKBortezomib signaling walkway

Nearly all traces associated with Versus parahaemolyticus isolated from the atmosphere or even seafood, in contrast to medical stresses, don't make a thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and/or a new TDH-related hemolysin (TRH). Variety Three release methods (T3SSs), needle-like devices capable of supply microbial effectors straight into web host cytoplasm, have been defined as triggering cytotoxicity and also enterotoxicity. Sort Six secretion systems (T6SS) expected to become involved in intracellular trafficking as well as vesicular carry apparently play a role in / parahaemolyticus virulence. Latest advances throughout V parahaemolyticus genomics recognized a number of pathogenicity destinations (Vpals) located on sometimes chromosome in the pandemic along with pandemic traces and containing further colonization elements, like restriction-modification buildings, chemotaxis protein, established microbial floor virulence components, along with putative colicins. Moreover, research indicates traces missing toxins and genomic areas associated with pathogenicity can also be pathogenic, advising other important virulence aspects remain to be discovered. The unique arsenal of virulence elements determined thus far, their own incidence and also syndication both in outbreak as well as widespread traces worldwide are defined, for the exact purpose involving featuring the complexity of Sixth is v parahaemolyticus pathogenicity as well as its energetic genome.Noisy . condition periods #Link# , it's not easy to tell apart medically in between Parkinson's ailment as well as the great shape regarding atypical parkinsonism, like numerous technique waste away or intensifying supranuclear palsy. Harmony incapacity #Link# from the medio-lateral jet (my spouse and i.elizabeth. sideways) is usually seen in sufferers with a type of atypical parkinsonism, however, not in people along with Parkinson's disease. This is mirrored by the distance between your ft through running, which is normally regular (or even narrow) within Parkinson's illness, however increased throughout atypical parkinsonism. Calculating this particular position width is dependent upon summary reasoning, and it is tough to assess throughout specialized medical exercise. Below, many of us emphasize that medio-lateral equilibrium disability can even be uncovered making use of a pair of straightforward exams: (One) being unable to execute tandem bike gait (getting several part measures being abnormal); and also (Two) self-report by simply people that have missing a chance to experience a motorbike. The two tests possess a good analytical produce inside unique among Parkinson's condition as well as atypical parkinsonism, actually at the outset of the path of the sickness.These studies geared towards inspecting the impact of the poisonous polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), anthracene (Ish), upon Ruditapes decussatus accumulated from your Tunisian seaside lagoon (Bizerte Lagoon). Purification costs, many anti-oxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (Feline), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (H), and also glutathione transferase (Goods and services tax)-as along with spiders regarding protein corrosion status had been established in numerous flesh on this bivalve. Specimens were subjected to A hundred mu g/L of Ould like for two main nights. Insect amounts had been examined utilizing HPLC and have been discovered in the gill and also #Link# digestive system sweat gland at distinct quantities.

#Bortezomib #Dasatinib #Pentose phosphate pathway

[fandomstuckportal]

((OOC: A FRIEND AND A BOY!!!!))

#i finished my shiny hunt #gpxplus #test plays gpx

[paleorecipecookbook]

The 9 Top Benefits of Selenium (Plus: Selenium-Rich Foods)

Selenium is an antioxidant-rich essential trace mineral that works with other enzymes and proteins that are involved in many antioxidant enzyme pathways. It is estimated that up to one billion people worldwide suffer from selenium deficiency. Selenium is found in foods such as Brazil nuts, garlic and tuna.

This key mineral is essential for our bodies and plays a role in reproduction, DNA synthesis and protection from free radical damage.

In particular, selenoprotein S is involved in the protection against cellular stress and regulating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Having adequate selenium levels is essential for not only proper immune function, but also for regulating excessive immune response and chronic inflammation. (1)

Signs of Selenium Deficiency

Selenium deficiencies are higher for people living in selenium-deficient regions, which includes countries whose diets consist of vegetables grown in low-selenium soils, such as China. People who are undergoing kidney dialysis, and those with HIV, autoimmune issues and cancer are at a higher risk of being deficient in selenium.

Signs of selenium deficiency include a decline in cognitive health, immune health, as well as heart disease and infertility. A blood test would be the best marker for showing deficient levels throughout the body.

9 Health Benefits of Selenium

1. Selenium Boosts Immune System

Selenium is known for its immune-stimulating properties. Selenoproteins exert strong anti-oxidant effects throughout the body and help recycle vitamin C in the body. This can improve overall cellular, metabolic and immune function. Selenium also creates glutathione, the body’s master antioxidant, which supports detoxification pathways, such as the liver. (2)

2. Selenium Fights Cancer

Research highlights selenium’s role in its ability to have anti-cancer effects, thanks to its antioxidant properties and ability to support overall immune function. Interestingly enough, selenium’s cancer-fighting benefits were discovered through research that found higher cancer rates in areas with lower crop selenium content.

In 2015, research published in the International Journal of Cancer found that higher selenium levels were linked to a lower risk of colorectal cancer, particularly in women. In 2016, a meta-analysis of 69 research studies found that high amounts of selenium had a protective effect on overall cancer risk and decreased the risk of breast, lung, gastric, esophageal and prostate cancer. (3, 4)

3. Selenium Supports Thyroid Health

Selenium is required for the proper functioning of the thyroid hormone and plays a major role in converting T4 to T3, which is the active thyroid hormone in the body. The body has receptors for thyroid hormones in almost every single cell; thyroid health is required for metabolic health, libido and fertility. Selenium also protects the thyroid against antibodies that can create thyroid disease such as Hashimoto’s. (5)

4. Selenium Forms Powerful Antioxidants

Selenium forms a part of specific antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione, that help recycle other antioxidants in the body. Selenium also maximizes the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a natural antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage and helps the body repair itself. (6)

5. Selenium Protects Against Heart Disease

Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause damage to cellular lipids, proteins and DNAs, which has been linked to heart disease. Having high levels of ROS can cause the oxidation of LDL particles, which has been associated with a threefold increase in the development of heart disease. Selenium can reduce the production of oxidized LDL particles and regulate blood plasma levels of cholesterol. (7)

6. Selenium Eases Asthma Symptoms

Several observational studies indicate that patients who have chronic asthma may have lower levels of selenium. When people with asthma took selenium in a supplement form, they experienced fewer asthma-related symptoms compared to those taking a placebo. This could be due to the fact that selenium levels can influence the release of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as boost overall immune function. (8)

7. Selenium Supports Fertility

Increasing evidence indicates selenium is a key chemical element to reproductive health. Studies suggest selenium deficiency in reproductive and obstetric complications, including male and female infertility, miscarriage, preterm labor, and gestational diabetes. (9)

8. Selenium Helps Fight Bacterial and Viruses

Many viral and bacterial infections are associated with micronutrient deficiencies, such as selenium. Supplementing with selenium may benefit those suffering from HIV and influenza A virus infection, as selenium can help support the overall function of the immune system. Selenoproteins can regulate overall inflammation and immunity. (10)

9. Selenium Fights Oxidative Damage

Selenium plays a role in redox reactions in the body, which is a chemical reaction that is important in regulating oxidative processes and oxidative damage to cells. This element also plays a role in cell proliferation and apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Selenoproteins (proteins with selenium in them) help to protect against endoplasmic reticulum (a network of organelles found in cells) stress and regulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine release. (11)

Top 10 Selenium-Rich Foods

If you are looking to increase your intake of selenium, you don’t have to stray too far from the Paleo diet, as many Paleo-approved foods are high in selenium. Seafood and organ meats are some of the richest sources of selenium. Certain nuts, seeds and vegetables also contain significant amounts of selenium.

The current RDA for selenium for men and women ages 19-50 is 44 mcg, while needs can increase for women who are pregnant to 60 mcg and those who are breastfeeding to 70 mcg.

However, the amount of selenium varies depending on the amount of selenium found in the soil. Today’s soil is depleted of many of its vital nutrients and has varying soil pH and organic matter (all which can affect mineral content). This makes it extra important to buy organic when looking to up your selenium intake. The selenium content of soil also affects the amount of selenium in the plants that the animals eat, so the quality of your protein is equally as important! (12)

Below is a quick list of selenium-rich foods and how much selenium a serving contains.

Brazil Nuts 1 oz = 544 mcg

Yellowfin Tuna 3 oz = 92 mcg

Halibut 3 oz = 45 mcg

Grass-fed Beef 3 oz = 33 mcg

Sardines 3 oz = 45 mcg

Turkey 3 oz = 31 mcg

Liver 3 oz = 28 mcg

Eggs 1 large egg = 15 mcg

Spinach 1 cup = 11 mcg

Sunflower Seeds 3.5oz = 79 mcg

How to Choose a Selenium Supplement and Dosage

Selenium exists mainly in two forms: inorganic (selenite and selenite) and organic (selenomethionine and selenocysteine). Generally soils contain the inorganic form. Most of the selenium that is found in human tissues is in the selenomethionine form. The body stores most of its selenium in the skeletal muscles, roughly 28 percent to 46 percent of total selenium.

The main active dietary form is selenomethionine. General intake of selenium when it comes to supplement form ranges in the dosage of 200-300 mg daily. You can find selenium in a multivitamin form as well as a standalone supplement. Research shows that the human body absorbs more than 90 percent of selenomethionine. (13)

(Read This Next: The 9 Top Benefits of Potassium and Potassium-Rich Foods)

The post The 9 Top Benefits of Selenium (Plus: Selenium-Rich Foods) appeared first on PaleoPlan.

Source: https://ift.tt/10qRbxJ

#paleo #recipe #food #delicious #healthy #yum #diet

[teethcap8]

Panasonic SAPM533 CD Cassette Stereo System 5 CD Tested Works WITH REMOTE NICE

The Panasonic SA-PM533 CD Cassette Stereo System 5 CD Tested Works WITH REMOTE! is a great choice for those who want to listen to 5 CDs at once. It is also great for people who want to watch movies and TV shows without having to go through a TV. The Panasonic SA-PM533 CD Cassette Stereo System 5 CD Tested Works WITH REMOTE! is compatible with Windows, Mac, and Linux systems. It is also compatible with Talkaland and other Panasonic cassette systems.

ONN. home music mini bluetooth CD stereo system audio deck-NEW

The ONN. home music mini bluetooth CD stereo system audio deck is perfect for your audio entertainment needs. With its newly created front-firing speakers and comply with S-shaped design, this audio deck is designed to reach out to your surrounding community. With its low price-point, you can be sure that you're getting a low-cost home music experience 2017. This audio deck comes with one standard CD, so you can forget about getting another music system off the shelf. It also comes with an adjustable CD player, so you can adjust the level, type, and music quantity of your CD's. The audio deck also has a quoadable screen for easy music playback. The ONN. home music mini bluetooth CD stereo system audio deck is perfect for small home music collection or home just for audio. With its low price-point and adjustable CD player, this audio system is perfect for any small to large family home.

Home Stereo System with Bluetooth CD FM Radio Remote Shelf Bookshelf Surround

This home stereo system with Bluetooth CD FM Radio remote shelf bookshelf Surround is perfect for those who love to listen to music from their home or bedroom listening area. This system includes a brand new, perfect-looking bookshelf shelf with surround sound that is perfect for your media center needs. Plus, you can your favorite music and movies on up to four bookshelf speakers. sophie's home stereo system with Bluetooth CD FM Radio remote shelf bookshelf Surround is the perfect way to keep all your media center needs close at hand.

Home Music System with AM/FM Radio Stereo 5. 1 Channel Surround GPX Compact Disc

The Home Music System with AM/FM Radio Stereo 5 https://www.homestereosystem.org. 1 Channel Surround GPX Compact Disc is perfect for those who love music. With its compact size and user-friendly interface, the Home Music System with AM/FM Radio Stereo 5. 1 Channel Surround GPX Compact Disc is the perfect way to enjoy your music. With this system, you can have all the music you love experiences with side-by-side on one PX disc. Whether you're watching a movie or playing a music song, the PX disc is perfect for easy music playback. The 5 Best stereo speakers: the top home audio systems in 2022www.techradar.com � news � best. 1 channel Surround GPX Compact disc provides accurate sound quality that has no doubt made it one of the best-quality PX discs available. The GPX compact design is perfect for small spaces and the user-friendly interface is essential for easy music playback. Whether you're watching a movie or playing music, the Home Music System with AM/FM Radio Stereo 5. 1 Channel Surround GPX Compact Disk is the perfect way to enjoy your music 13 Best Stereo Shelf Systems for 2018www.bestproducts.com � tech � electronics � best.

Sony HCD-EC619i Home Audio Stereo System CD iPod Dock AM/FM Receiver Remote

This Sony HCD-EC619i Home Audio Stereo System CD iPod Dock has all the features you need to make your home entertainment life easier. This device comes with a CD player, an FM receiver, and a remote control for easy usage. check this list The CD player can play any CD quality song without issue. The remote control allows you to control the device with a variety of factors such as a TV's remote control, which is ideal for controlling size and power. both the CD player and the FM receiver offer good sound quality Loudest Home Stereo Systems: Review and Buying Guidewww.soundboxlab.com � hometheaters � loudest. The only downside of this device is that it doesn't have a built in TV so you will need to use the TV's grilles for control. Overall, this is a good device that is perfect for those who need a good home audio experience but don't want to worry about taking up valuable space on their computer or TV.

Sony LBT-A15 Compact Hi-Fidelity Home Stereo System Tested & Works No Remote

The Sony LBT-A15 is a compact Hi-Fidelity home stereo system that tested and works no remote. It includes a built-in speaker, a purple grand piano, and a wet room to give you the ultimate sound. The Sony LBT-A15 is the perfect system for any homeobe service or home improvement project.

Vertical Home Music System with AM/FM CD GPX Radio Stereo Player Wall Mountable

This Vertical Home Music System with AM/FM CD GPX Radio Stereo Player is perfect for your Vertical Home! It is wall mounted and features a digital sound system that can handle all the music needs of your home. This player has an AM/FM CDgpx radio, that can handle all the music needs of your home. It has a black finish with a red light show, and is perfect for any home The death of the home stereo system . The player also has a vertible handle, so it can be easily handled.

LONPOO Micro CD Player,Home Stereo System 30W Mini Hi-Fi Stereo w/ Remote

This LONPOO Micro CD Player is a field-proven and best-selling home stereo system that features a 30-watt mini Hi-Fi sunburst design. With its digital hearth and powerful 30-watt micro

KEiiD CD Player for Home with Bluetooth Wooden Stereo System Desktop Speakers

This KEiiD CD Player for Home has a stereo system desktop speaker system. It includes a wooden desk where you can place your CD's and listen to your music. The KEiiD CD Player for Home also has a Bluetooth enabled system so you can play your CD's and music from your phone or computer. The KEiiD CD Player for Home is perfect for any home with a small space.

Panasonic SA-AK17 5-Disc Changer CD Home Stereo System - Tested & Working

The Panasonic SA-AK17 5-Disc Changer CD Home Stereo System is the perfect choice for those who want the best sound quality and who want to consider the cost and environment impact of their music listening habits. This system is able to convert from CD to CD Stereo and CD Stereo to CD . It has three 5th year Panasonic expansion cards and allows two users to be used at the same time. The system also has a built-in amplifier and a built-in speaker. The system can play CD's or CD's with CD player card. It also has a front-panel button to turn CD player on/off and a headphone jack for listening to headphones. The Panasonic SA-AK17 5-Disc Changer CD Home Stereo System is a must-have for any music lover who wants the best sound quality and who wants to consider the cost and environment impact of their listening habits.

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#Pioneer #GPX #Sylvania #CD #usb #2017 #hi-fi #receiver #amplifier #turntable #home stereo system

[juniperpublishers-gjpps]

Amylase & Lipase Inhibitory Effects and Antioxidant Effects of Novel Oxazolines (Lam.) Verdc (Kulattha): A Conceptual Study-Juniper publishers

Most of the studies reveal the inference of oxidative stress in diabetes pathogenesis by the alteration in enzymatic systems, lipid peroxidation, impaired Glutathione metabolism and decreased Vitamin C levels. By seeing the significance of Amylase & Lipase inhibitory effects and antioxidant effects in reducing the burden of Diabetes, herewith aimed to synthesize oxazolines and to screen for Amylase & Lipase inhibitory effects and antioxidant effects. Twenty five Oxazoline derivatives are prepared, characterized and screened for the anti oxidant, lipase and amylase inhibitory activity. Out of 25 synthesized compounds seven compounds shows significant amylase inhibitory activity, twelve compounds shows significant antioxidant and lipase inhibitory activity. Dimethoxyl group, halogen or nitro group at para position and dimethyl amino substitution enhance amylase inhibitory effect. Most of the compounds exhibited lipase inhibitory effects have significant anti-oxidant action.Keywords:Oxazolines; Pancreatic lipase; Amylase

Introduction

Oxazoline play a major role in medicinal chemistry. These are five membered heterocycle with one double bond and oxygen and nitrogen as hetero atoms. There are many natural and synthetic molecules which contain oxazoline nucleus having biological significance. The nitrogen present in Oxazoline is basic in nature. The synthesis, structures and biological activities of oxazoline derivatives have long been focused of research interest of organic chemists in the field of medicine due to the potential biological activities exhibited by them [1]. Alpha-amylases hydrolyze complex polysaccharides to produce oligosaccharides and disaccharides which are then hydrolyzed by α-glucosidase to monosaccharides which are then absorbed through the small intestines into the hepatic portal vein. Inhibitors of α-amylase and/or α-glucosidase such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose [2] are known to lower postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) in type 2 diabetic patients by delaying digestion and subsequent absorption of carbohydrates from the gut. Newer approaches for the treatment of obesity have involved inhibition of dietary triglyceride absorption via inhibition of pancreatic lipase.Prevention of digestion of digestive lipids could be an effective strategy for preventing systemic absorption of lipids. Any imbalance between the free radicals and antioxidants leads to produce a condition known as “oxidative stress” that results in the development of pathological condition among which one is diabetes. Most of the studies reveal the inference of oxidative stress in diabetes pathogenesis by the alteration in enzymatic systems, lipid peroxidation, impaired Glutathione metabolism and decreased Vitamin C levels. Lipids, proteins, DNA damage, Glutathione, catalane and superoxide dismutase are various biomarkers of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. Reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species include superoxide (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorite (ClO−), hydroxyl radical (OH•), nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) [3]. In physiological conditions, mitochondria are the major site of intracellular ROS production, due to electron leakage along the respiratory chain; nevertheless, they can also arise from plasma membrane systems, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, peroxisomes and cytosolic enzymes.At low concentrations, ROS/RNS exert a multitude of biological effects, including immune-mediated defense against pathogenic microorganisms and intracellular signaling; conversely, high levels of these extremely reactive species can damage DNA, lipids, and proteins, thus leading to tissue injury and cell death Endogenous antioxidant compounds are urate, glutathione, ubiquinone, and thioredoxin; furthermore, some proteins (ferritin, transferrin, lactoferrin, caeruloplasmin) act as antioxidants, as they bind and sequester transition metals that may start oxidative reactions. Antioxidant enzymes are superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, thioredoxin reductase, peroxiredoxins (Prx), and NAD(P) H:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). Obesity may develop oxidative stress and it is the major cause of metabolic syndrome. Here we are making an attempt to find a lead molecule with desired effects like anti-amylase, anti-lypase and anti-oxidant effects.

Experimental

Preparation of sample

Proposed compounds prepared by making reaction between substituted aromatic aldehydes and dimethylamine in presence of Pyridinium Hydrobromide PerBromide. The resultant mixture is washed with sodiumthiosulphate and successively with sodium chloride. The resultant product recrystallised from ethanol. The structure of obtained compounds characterized and screened for anti-amylase, anti-lipase and anti-oxidant effects.

Evaluation of Lipase Inhibitory Activity

Pancreatic lipase inhibitory properties have been extensively examined for the determination of the potential effect of these oxazoline derivatives as antiobesity agents. Acinar cells of pancrease secrete an enzyme pancreatic lipase and it releases fatty acids from the triglyceride skeleton at the C-1 and C-3 position. These fatty acids are incorporated into bile acidphospholipid micelles and further absorbed at the small intestine, and finally enter to the peripheral circulation as chylomicrons. Interference with fat hydrolysis leads to decreased utilization of ingested lipids; hence, lipase inhibition reduces fat absorption. Lipase activity was assayed by turbidimetric method using olive oil-ethanol suspension. This suspension was prepared by mixing 1 ml of olive oil to 100 ml of ethanol and shaken vigorously. 1mL of this olive oil-ethanol suspension was added to 9 mL of 0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0 containing 0.025M sodium deoxycholate. This emulsion was used as substrate. Reaction mixture containing enzyme and inhibitor (in requisite amount) was incubated at room temperature for 10 min. Reaction was started by addition of 1 ml of substrate. Incubated for 10 min at 37°C. The decrease in turbidity was measured at 660 nm. Inhibitors present in the reaction prevented the decrease of turbidity of the mixture. Suitable ‘control’ tubes were run parallel [4].

Evaluation of anti oxidant activity

Human body is rich in free radical. The ability of oxazoline derivatives to scavenge hydrogen peroxide was determined according to the method of Ruch. A solution of 40 mM hydrogen peroxide was prepared in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4).100 μg / ml prepared compound in distilled water were added to a hydrogen peroxide solution (0.6 mL, 40mM). Absorbance of hydrogen peroxide at 230 nm was determined after 10 minutes against a blank solution containing the phosphate buffer without hydrogen peroxide [5]. % Scavenged [H2O2] = [(AC– AS)/AC] x 100 Here AC and AS are the absorbance of control and absorbance of test/standard respectively.

In –Vitro Alpha-amylase inhibitory assay

Alpha amylase and alpha glucosidases are responsible for the breakdown of oligosaccharides/disaccharides to monosaccharide. So inhibitor of this enzyme delay carbohydrate metabolism which results in marked decrease in glucose absorption. To 500 μl of (100μg/ml) test compounds, 500 μl of starch in phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) containing 6.7mM of sodium chloride was added. The reaction was initiated by adding 500 μl porcine pancreatic amylase and incubated at 37ºc. To the above mixture add 1ml of DNSA (1g of DNSA, 30g of sodium potassium tartarate and 20 mL of 2N sodium hydroxide) was added and made up to a final volume of 100 mL with distilled water and kept it in boiling water bath for 5 minutes and cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture diluted with 10 ml of distilled water and absorbance was read at 540 nm. Blank tubes were prepared by replacing the enzyme solution with 500 μL in distilled water. Control, representing 100% enzyme activity was prepared in a similar manner, without sample. Maltose is used as standard [6]. Inhibition (%) = (Abs of Control – Abs of test) X100 Abs of Control

Statistical Evaluation

All results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n=3). Significance of difference from the control was determined by dunnet test (one way ANOVA), Twenty five Oxazoline derivatives are prepared, characterized and among the tested compounds LJ11, LJ12, LJ15, LJ16 LJ17, LJ22, LJ23 found to have maximum Amylase inhibitory effects (Figure 1 & 2). LJ2, LJ4, LJ8, LJ10, LJ11, LJ12, LJ15, LJ16, LJ17, LJ22, LJ23, LJ24 found to have maximum lipase inhibitory activity (Figure 3). LJ1, LJ7, LJ8, LJ10, LJ11, LJ12, LJ14, LJ15, LJ16, LJ18, LJ20, LJ23 (Figure 4) found to have maximum anti oxidant activity. Amylase inhibitory effects, that may be attributed to the presence of hydroxyl/ methoxyl/halogen/ nitro/dimethylamino functional groups group at 3rd/4th position in phenyl ring. The compounds with more lipase inhibitory effects didn’t show any specific pattern of presence of certain functional groups. In the case of antioxidant activity screening phenyl ring attached with halogenated/ methylated/ hydroxylated showed promising activities.

Results and Discussion

Twenty five Oxazoline derivatives are prepared, characterized and among the tested compounds LJ11, LJ12, LJ15, LJ16 LJ17, LJ22, LJ(Table 1 & 2) found to have maximum Amylase inhibitory effects (Figure 1 & 2). LJ2,LJ4,LJ8,LJ10,LJ11,LJ12,LJ15,LJ16,LJ17,LJ22,LJ23,LJ24 found to have maximum lipase inhibitory activity (Figure 5). LJ1, LJ7, LJ8, LJ10, LJ11, LJ12, LJ14, LJ15, LJ16, LJ18, LJ20, LJ23 (Table 3) (Figure 4) found to have maximum anti oxidant activity. Amylase inhibitory effects, that may be attributed to the presence of hydroxyl/methoxyl/halogen/ nitro/dimethylamino functional groups group at 3rd/4th position in phenyl ring. The compounds with more lipase inhibitory effects didn’t show any specific pattern of presence of certain functional groups. In the case of antioxidant activity screening phenyl ring attached with halogenated/ methylated/ hydroxylated showed promising activities (Table 4).

Conclusion

There are many natural and synthetic molecules which contain oxazoline nucleus having biological significance. The synthesis, structures and biological activities of oxazoline derivatives have long been focused of research interest of organic chemists in the field of medicine. Due to the potential biological activities exhibited by them. There is some sort of association observed between Anti-oxidant and Lipase inhibitory effect. Among the substituent’s Dimethoxyl, Dimethylamino and halogens enhanced Amylase inhibitory effect.

Acknowledgement

It is an outcome of funded project from DST-SERB, India. Spectral characterization done at SAIF-Cochin.

Author Biography

Dr.Lincy Joseph has completed her PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences from Vinayaka Mission University .She is currently working in Pushpagiri college of Pharmacy, Kerala-India as Professor in Medicinal Chemistry. She has published more than 150 papers in reputed journals .She is a member of many professional bodies of Pharmaceutical Sciences. She has presented research papers abroad. She has authored textbooks too. She got awarded as eminent teacher and Best teacher Pharmacist recently.

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[benzilla80]

Great Southern Endurance Run 2019

It’s 12:10 in the afternoon, 18th November 2017, I’m 31+ hours deep into Great Southern Endurance Run with over 11 hours still to go until I finish and a helpful aid station angle asks “Will you do this again?” and in front of my crew, I admit “no, I will never do this again. I came here to test myself and find my limit and I’ve done just that and there is no need to come back”

Well, like Dory the fish I have a short memory. After running just short of 43 hours with a bronze buckle finish in 2017 I thought I was happy. I thought I had given it everything, but as the weeks passed and the pain and misery of these events faded, I found myself wondering what I would do differently in an attempt at a silver buckle finish in 2019. That damn race and the damn nice people involved with it in every aspect had sat in the corner of my brain preparing me to sign back up in 2019 with a new plan. When regos opened, I admitted I had to go back and have another shot at a sub-40-hour finish.

2019 was different in the lead-up. Alicia and I decided to take the kids, a camper van and take more time away together to see old friends, try to take some stress out (ha!) I also had my brother coming down from Brisbane to help crew and pace the final two legs. It was the first ‘A Race’ that I didn’t have a fixed pre-written training program which I meticulously would stick to. I changed my nutrition and dropped just over 9 kilo’s which is a lot given my small size. I gave myself some flexibility but committed to just train like the race, loads of hiking and smash as much climbing into life as I could. The only structured training I did was ‘Peak Week” where I replicated an aid station leg a day. Eight legs, eight days and 181km with 11,500m of vert over the eight days, almost all done in 140m hill repeats on local mountain bike trails.

The race finally comes around, and after the heavy weather shake-up, we end up having an out and back course from Harrietville to Mt Speculation. Of all the possible combinations I didn’t consider this one, but it really was a stroke of genius, cutting about 64km of fire trails from the Bright leg had it started there. We had a race, and it promised to be tough as the original point to point having to complete the toughest section twice!

With the change in course we had to rise a little earlier to make the journey over to Harrietville, we also pick up Zoe another runner in need of a lift to the new start line and we gather in the early morning darkness, final preparations, photos and gasps as the RD Sean informs us it’s minus 6 degrees C at the top of the Bon Accord Spur just 14 or so km’s away.

Before I know it, we are counted in and we are moving away, a glowing snake of expensive high-quality headlamps following the edge of the Ovens River, and Hunter drops in beside me. We share the first couple of kilometers as I do a couple of practice ankle rolls for later and it seems in a blink, we have covered the first five kilometers and reach the bridge to start the climb proper. The snake stretches out and I lose contact with Hunter. The snake breaks into groups and there is a bit of chatter and we climb on some fantastic single trail, as the sky begins to lighten in the pre-dawn glow.

The groups are now just twos and threes and I put away my lamp and stick my BTF hat on, backward because I don’t want it blown off above the tree line and I chug my way up the long climb. As I turn onto the Razorback Ridge I notice we had climbed 1400m in 14km and I can see the most spectacular views. A quick stop here to throw on my hi-vis vest and I link up with Darren. As we descend the road leg, he casually informs me he just won the Adelaide 6 Day ultra, with 834km…. dang, am I at the right pace?! It felt good so I just rolled with it into Mt Saint Bernard (Aid 1 & 7) to the awaiting family. “007 in” oh did the vollies have some fun with that bib number. A few laughs and before I knew it, I was out the door on the next 16km leg to Selwyn Creek Rd aid station (Aid 2-6)

This leg starts off easy, four-wheel-drive track, considerably downhill with amazing ‘tree coral’ views before a left turns takes you off the easy stuff and onto the AAWT (Australian Alpine Walking Track) and our first section of ‘no trail’ A steep climb to one end of Mt Saint Bernard and I am joined by first-timer Andy and we enjoy a chat as we work the climb. I would end up sharing quite a bit of time with Andy as often our paces matched. We cross the ridge along the top of Bernard (smile for the photographer) and then descend steeply down an alpine grass-covered rocky slope before continuing almost straight up the first of The Twins, a rocky steep climb to a similar height that we are just on and has just as faint trail line to follow. A bit of experience, pink course marking tape and the GPX file on my watch really helps save time in sections like this.

Following the climb is a relatively easy-going grassy section, weaving through fallen trees following the rolling ridgeline to the second twin before descending the long less technical section. I found this easier going than 2017 as more trees had been cut, and the trail more defined with less weaving than the first race. Another solid ankle roll attempt saw Andy catch back up to me and we completed the country road section together into Selwyn Creek Rd aid station, where Rowan and Riley greeted me.

A short stop at Aid 2 saw me pick up supplies for the night, including my headphones (which I wore around my neck for 94km without using!) and off I marched straight up a pointless hill. Up the hard side of Mt Selwyn, a thick no trail climb where again, the watch and experience helped navigate this tree fallen scrub fight the section before passing over the summit, the point where the 50-mile runners would turn back when they started the following day.

Down the easy side of South Selwyn and I am slipping and tripping over the branches and long bark littering the single trail when Canadian Mike comes past, as he declares he took a wrong turn and was off course. Clearly, this poked the bear and he was trying to make up some time as I watched his red jacket pull away into the distance.

Off South Selwyn and Andy and I cross paths again, we chat some more during the 6 or so km leg to Riley’s hut along rolling fire trails. We pass another runner and his pacer but during a quick stop we are separated. I’m now stitching together solid running blocks along the easy-rolling trail sections as Andy catches up to Mike, I trail them both a couple hundred meters behind before again overtaken at speed as David Chiew makes the most of the runnable section, bombing past a number of runners into Riley’s Hut (Aid 3-5)

Dave has a quick stop; Andy seems slower and I leave Riley’s with Mike for the trudge back up the other side of the valley following East Riley Rd. The going is easy but would be foolish to run the 6km climb past Van Dammes to the turn off towards the Barry Mountains. Mike and I hike together. He tells me of his experience in ultras and it seems like he has some great races under his belt, but this is not your average ultra-picnic, this is GSER and after a few km’s shared we slowly part company as Mike decides to settle into a more sustainable pace.

After the long climb and passing Van Damme’s I made the left turn onto Selwyn Track, described as a four-wheel-drive woodcutters track. Two-wheel ruts but littered with low branches and fallen limbs. Easy to run on, but you need to be present of mind with changing lanes and avoiding obstacles. Soon after passing the Barry’s Saddle sign and turn off where the trail again takes a reduction in size I catch up to Dave and we share a few more rolling miles. Dave asks “Do you think we will make Mt Speculation by sunset?” to which I reply “I just want to get over The Viking by sunset” “but we still have four hours light” to which I genuinely reply with “I know, but this is  a pretty serious section.”

As we got closer I asked Dave “Do you want the good news or the bad news?” to which there was a very long pause before “uummmmm” “well, the good news is we are nearly there, the bad news is that’s it ahead” and ahead of use looms the rock topped mountain face known as The Viking.

We begin the ascent, where it’s most steep at the bottom. Hands, feet, poles, slip, slide, grunt sweat, drink and stare deep down into wombat tunnels carved into the mountain by industrious creatures. Dave falls behind a little as I focus on just getting past the ladder before the light fails, these three kilometers took me ninety minutes and I wasn’t dawdling about. Cresting the false summit, I stopped to transfer some water from my back bladder to a front bottle and mix a Spring Electroride, grab a snack and a quick photo as Dave, Andy and Mike join me. We cross the peak and descend the ladder as a group of four before picking, slipping and sliding our way down the steep yet ‘easy’ side of the Viking and about two hours light left. Quicker than I thought.

Working together we pass the Viking Saddle, a glade popular with campers clocking 74km of the outbound leg. Morale seems high in the late afternoon and the four of us keep a steady pace playing tree Jenga as we pick our way towards Mt Despair, via the sloping side of The Razor. This leg is by far the heaviest with fallen trees, even though we could see some fresh cuts it was still slow going. A brief admin stop to put my watch on charge and go to the toilet saw Dave get ahead of the group, he seemed to be climbing slower than the other three, so he forged ahead of Andy, Mike and myself. The leg between tree Jenga and Mt Despair follows the side of The Razor and has some sections that could land a tired person in a bit of mischief should they slip, so I was glad to be part of a threesome for this section as 2017 I did it solo in the fading light and I had to be very cautious, which made it take even longer. Working together was give and take, they could keep the pace moving with safety and I could share information having done it before. It worked well but as we cleared that section and began the climb up Mt Despair, we passed Dave and slowly the group separated as we forged ahead along the scrubby overgrown single trail. Just as I hit the top of the climb I bumped headlong into Joseph on his return leg. The leader was smiling and flying! We ran together in 2017 for a while and was great to see him crushing it now. “Looking good mate” “nice headphones Ben” oh yeah…forgot! On I press alone, wading through the bush I heard behind me as the other guys cross paths with Joseph I find myself playing the game ‘when will I see second?’ (turns out it would be a while; Joseph really was killing it!)

The trail now clears as it descends Mt Despair and I know there is a long woodcutters type track climb coming so I let the pace go a little and enjoy coming off the mountain, feeling the pull of the turn around point. I set a mini-goal of making it before fully dark.

The final track is about 4 or 5km push, mostly clear but some muddy patches, some fallen trees to work around, all uphill. Second and third come by having completed the outbound leg and as a light drizzle falls, darkness sets in and no fourth returns. All race I had not considered a position at all, I push it away as it’s totally out of my control until late in the race but for the first time, I wonder just how far up the field I am? The rain and darkness get heavier I am determined to make it to the aid station before stopping again, it just takes time to stop and gear up or down, so I wanted to do it all at once. The last two or three hundred meters were almost proper dark and I could start to feel a chill through my damp T-shirt.

A super-fast stop to layer up and get my lamp on, “how many are up there” I ask, enquiring about the final out and back to cover the 1200m to bag the peak of Mt Speculation “four...no wait, there are five up there right now.” I leave the aid station to hit the turnaround doing soggy mathematics in my head and as if it was some kind of twisted confirmation I slide into a muddy flow of stomped in runoff water. My socks which had so lovingly stayed dry were no longer dry.

I count off the runners as they come back down, all in good spirits and polite. I hear a bunch of girls camping nearby cheering and laughing. Torches flashing all over the place “good job” giggle giggle. Full darkness, rain, wind and now cloud cover increasing. A runner reports “almost there buddy, just past the green flashing light.” I hit the peak of the mountain, the wind is roaring, and I can’t see a thing beyond the reflection of my headlamp in the cloud. In some form of vengeance, I turn my lamp off, surrounded in the darkness I pee “take that” I giggle to myself before descending back to the aid station for the return leg home. 15:46 to the turn, leaving 24:14 to silver buckle.

Mt Speculation aid station re-visited was now more chaotic. Space was limited as some runners heading back stopped and some runners coming up stopped. I just tried to get turned around as quickly as possible before the chill set in, I was confident I had a single-digit place and didn’t want to just throw that away sitting down in front of the gas heater. I got out and stopped down the trail to put on my rain pants to keep some heat in. While stopped Dave passes me by, but he seems distant, so I let him go ahead. Maybe he could count noses too. I pass Hunter as he is climbing the final section to the aid station, a brief as we go our ways.

Traffic is now heavier as runners are “nearly there” and we are doing a “good job” Empty platitudes now, but at the time they are in invaluable interaction. I pass Dave on the climb up Mt Despair and have two runners behind me working together to find the way through the overgrown section. Near the summit I wander off the trail and they catch me “which way are you going?” says an accented man. “I’m heading back,” “Oh, you nearly had it, the trail is just here” and I stomp my way to join them. They descend a little quicker than me, but I stay close enough and I make the effort to stay with them along the side of The Razor. The two guys in front were Gerber and Warren.

We stuck together across The Razor and the tree Jenga section, passing a mutual friend Scott along the way and my mate Raquel also from Perth but I didn’t see Steve and had hoped he had just slipped past me. Sadly, he had to withdraw earlier at Riley’s Hut. At the Viking Saddle Warren and I stopped to swap layers and Gerber pushed on solo. Warren and I were close but not together for most of the climb, still passing runners descending on their outbound leg, although now sparser. At the ladder, I stopped to put my gloves on, and Warren waited at the top before we tackled the long tricky descent together, past the wombat holes chatting and looking out for each other down to Barry’s Saddle. At the junction to Selwyn Track, we stopped to swap layers and he encouraged me not to wait and we slowly got separated. Near the end of this trail, I came across another runner, pacer, and medic making their way to Van Damme’s. The medic checking on me as I passed them, “A1 tip tops condition” I lied. The truth was the hard section had given my feet a bit of a beating. An earlier bang to the top of my right foot was aching and I could feel the pressure building inside my shoe as the foot swelling. I dare not mention it though, can’t give these things strength.

As the trail opens up more to gravel road I shuffled along on sections and after a toilet stop see Warren close up behind me. He says, “Glad those growling dogs were inside the tent” “What dogs?” “In the 4WD.” I had seen the car parked up and could hear someone snoring but missed any dogs. I check the time and wonder if one of us was starting to trip out after 22 hours on the go. Surely that’s too soon!

We roll down the valley into Riley’s Hut and Gerber is at a seat by the fire at 4:30 in the morning. I get myself turned around and stuff a hash brown into myself and see Warren is going to be a little longer. “You want me to wait?” “Nah all good” and as I rise Gerber says in his Netherlands accent “I’ll come, I’m ready to go now” and we set off, once again on a long 6km grind up from the creek line to the woodcutters trail where East Buffalo Rd aid station was in 2017. The next stop was Selwyn Creek Rd aid station and I would be picking up my brother as a pacer for the final two legs. Amazing to think we were this far in and not even dawn on the second day yet. I realised I was well ahead of the projected time. I gave Alicia and the crew times for 38-41 hours, even saying “I will never in a million years be coming in under 38.” I had an average of 9:40 and that had me down around 30 hours finish which was just crazy to even think about. After the Viking twice it slid out as I expected but was still projecting about 35 hours, three hours under my best guess. I sure hope they had watched the tracker before going to bed, at this pace I am going to be passing Selwyn Creek Rd Aid with Gerber hours before planned and may not see them.

Gerber and I get to know each other as we mostly power hike along the trail in the pre-dawn air. This is his first 100 miler, and I’m amazed he both chose it as a first and was doing so well at it. The sky ever slowly getting more light until we can put our lamps away. Surprised mine had lasted this long on low power. Strict discipline had paid off and saved having to swap batteries. We crunched some numbers on the fly and realised we could pretty much hike in sub 90 minute 5km blocks (I set my auto lap to 5km to save power) from here and still earn a silver buckle, but we still had a few hard bits to go including two climbs between here and Aid 6. The sky turns from grey to gold as the sun rises above the mountains and another glorious alpine day begins. Gerber is pleased with the view and stops for a photo. The sun is like a smooth touch of energy.

A few kilometers short of the turn to climb South Selwyn I glance back and see we had been caught by another runner; it was Chris! In the effort to keep some dirt between us I spot another runner ahead and try to close on him. It’s Ryan. Almost within reach, he must hear the clicking of my poles and glances back and he too picks up the pace. This is madness, we still have 50km to go and already I have found myself in a four-way battle for position, yet I don’t actually know what the position is! Ryan pulls away and I settle the pace back down, assuming I was about to lose a spot to Chris but find it is Gerber. He had picked up the pace also and was hanging off the back, Chris was now out of sight. During the scrubby descent from Mt Selwyn, Chris catches us again and we had a laugh before Chris completes the move, pushing ahead to the aid station. Over the pointless hill, one last time and descending into the aid station Gerber pulls ahead as mt son Riley greets me with a smile just outside the second to last aid station.

I feel like I came back here after 21+ hours away a different person to which I left. I got my watch on charge as I was down to 2% and that’s didn’t sit well with me and got turned around as quick as possible. The station seemed busy, but I didn’t look around. Ready to go I had my brother Rowan joining me to experience some of this crazy race. We hit the trail with a cheer from the aid station staff and I bring Row up to speed on my status, “Running flat ok, hiking uphill well, downhill like Bambi as my feet are getting banged up.” And they were, the bang to the top of my foot had not let up but I didn’t want to talk about it. I had planned to get past the road and run the descent of Bon Accord strongly, but the feeling under the forefeet when going downhill was starting to be an issue I could not ignore. Kind of bummed me out a bit as my legs felt pretty good otherwise.

We press on, picking and choosing when I can run and when best to conserve. Up ahead I spot two people. “Any idea who that is?” “Christian and Ryan, they have been together for ages” Hmmm, Christian and I have a bit of race history, except it’s a secret racing history that he has no idea exists. He has kicked my butt a couple times in the past including GSER 2017 and now I can see him and two places just ahead. My hike gets a bit stronger as I close up for a chat. Turns out Ryan had rolled an ankle and Christian is not exactly having a good day either. We part company (like four snails heading in the same direction) and I see Gerber is right there with us. It seems he is determined for the company but does not want to encroach on my brother and I. Seriously, could this guy be any nicer? We pull away from the two faster runners and Gerber admits “I have a bit of racing history with Ryan, he beat me at the last race we did” Ha! We keep moving forward and begin the climb to the Twins. Rowan experiencing his first section of no trail, although this section is pretty easy to follow. There are some back and forward moves with an emergency application of chapstick to my toe before we summit the Twins proper. Rowan is taken back by the views. It really is amazing up there in the high country. We push ahead and pass Gerber before the rocky descent of death down the side of the Twins to the glade before the rocky ascent of death up the side of Mt Saint Bernard. I feel a low coming on as Rowan bounces about on 13km legs easily finding his way about the slopes. The final climb is taking its toll on me. The race photographer is back at the peak and catches an expression on my face that clearly says, ‘are we there yet.’ We rare not, Gerber is not far behind as we cut along the ridge to the last technical descent towards the Mt Saint Bernard’s aid station, where Alicia and the kids will be waiting.

Fatigue is setting in; my feet are accumulating issues and I’m not sure I can run the final push as planned. Gerber beats me from the aid station and we both start the 6 or so kilometre road section in our vests. I round the first bend and there is someone random in a vest taking photos, through weary eyes I see Dan, a mate from Perth whom has been away east. My brain can’t compute. He starts talking to me and takes a photo, my brain can’t put the pieces together. Has it malfunctioned? He explains “I saw on the tracker you were only 70km away, I figured I could make it and surprise you and Alicia” Yep, surprised me so much nearly short-circuited my melon. He realised pretty quickly I was in a slump, tired and not really my usual self. He and Rowan quickly hit it off and after leaving me said he turned back to his car only to bump into more runners and shared some road with them. It still feels like a dream, but there are photos, so I know it happened.

While head down slothing along the bitumen in a daze Gerber got a good-sized gap on me. I made the turn onto Razorback Ridge from the road and he was just a spec in the distance. The racer in me wanted to chase him down, but my feet were now mashed potato, and every sharp rock or stick proved painful. I was going to have to just take it easy and make the most of the smoother sections. A glance back down the road and not a soul to be seen, kilometers of open space. As I painfully descend a wonderful section of single trail to the tree line. Rowan and I agree that anyone closes that gap on me and they can have the spot, I won’t be catching them back!

We descend the single trail and it changes from open exposed alpine at 1700m ASL to the tree line and then eventually bush. Small black ants clinging to my lower legs as I pass the scrub and they constantly have to be brushed off. It gets warmer as we drop further and further, and the reality of a silver buckle sets in. If I could only run the last 10km I could even hit a high 35-hour finish. I hit 11km to go and we are now in the trees, the trail soft and undulating. I throw caution to the wind and grunt up some running. It’s easier going up than down and the pain in my feet is letting me know that this is a bad idea. But I wanted to close well, and I wanted Rowan to experience running down the spur. 

To my surprise, Gerber appears through the trees and as I pass, I give him a tap and cheer as does Rowan. He tells me he’s done running too. But I’m on a section that feel ok and I continue to push the pace. I hear Rowans breathing behind me and can tell he is also working. The trail flows through a flatter section, I trip and stumble time and time again as the bush grabs at my lower legs. I can’t hold the intensity required and have to walk the down sections, but this is a spur and soon it is all down. I am reduced to hiking again and time seems to stop. The river is far below, I can hear the Ovens rushing over smooth rocks, but getting down to the bridge takes forever. The descent is brutal and from behind, I hear the familiar shuffle of ultra-feet, a voice says, “How long does this go down for?” A runner I didn’t know had not only closed the gap but was still able to run. It later turned out he must have had a solid back half as he was with runners in the 45-hour bracket and now he was going for a low 37!

After an eternity of down stepping we get to the bridge and from here I know it’s 5km to finish. One parkrun to go, about 4km of single track and 1km or riverside trail/road. Time does not speed up. My foot is so swollen I have to stop and loosen my laces completely off and still it is tight. I shuffle when I can but mostly hobble along. We see a lizard “did you see that?” “Yeah” “Good” brain still working. Five steps later I stop, as two more lizards are on the trail, one with its mouth around the other in some form of a mating dance. “Do you see that?” “yes” “Good” brain still working and we sidestep the love birds to continue. Among the rush of water, we pass the final hut marking the start of the trailhead and see open land ahead. Flat open land and I start the final shuffle to the finish. We soon pass a sign saying 800m to go and I feel the pull of the finish line, all the check engine lights go away and through a rush of excitement, my legs begin to turn well again. Rowan had said he wanted to run ahead to film the finish and I start pointing for him to go. He doesn’t seem to understand. “Go now!” I say and point ahead, as my legs spin towards that final bridge and red arch.

I pass the gates and stop my watch. All the alarm bells start ringing again and I hear “take another step!” I had stopped short of the arch by one pace. Idiot. I step over and promptly sit on the finish line. I must have looked and smelt like some kind of caged animal. A wave of emotion was sitting just below the surface. Sean greets me at ground level, and I say, “I don’t like you right now, that was horrible” and he passes me a silver sub 4o buckle. “OK, I like you now.” 37:30 and 8th home. Never in my wildest dreams did I think that would have been possible, especially after doing the Viking twice.

Would I run it again? I don’t know for sure. I need more time. Ask me when rego’s open again.

Gear: UD PB 3.0 Vest, Black Diamond Poles, Garmin Fenix 5+, Altra Lone Peak 4.0’s (with 1200km in them) and gaiters. Petzl Nao lamp with cheap back up. Inov8 Storm shell and Cape kids rain pants, Kathmandu thermals.

Nutrition: Fuelled with Trail Brew, dropped to half strength in the second half. Spring Energy gels and Electroride ginger mix (saved me!) a few fruit sticks, ginger beer, and one hash brown.

[juniperpublishers-jdvs]

Effect of Selenium and Vitamin E on Development and Viability of Preimplanted Mouse Embryo- Juniper Publishers

Abstract

In vitro culture results higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxygen than in vivo environments that cause lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes. Selenium (Se) and Vitamin E (Vit-E) are the important antioxidants that protect mammalian cells against lipid peroxidation. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate whether Se or Vit-E and Se+Vit-E overcome the the undesirable oxidative stress produced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and enhance the development of pre implanted mouse embryo. Co-incubating the embryos with 60nM Se and/or 100nM Vit-E were increased (P<0.05) the blastocyst development rate.

The addition of H2O2 reduced the development of mouse embryo, but the addition of Vit-E, Se and Se+Vit-E reduced the detrimental effect of H2O2 and influenced the higher rate of development to blastocysts, compared to CZB alone (P<0.05). The incorporation and oxidation of 14C-glucose in the blastocysts developed by the medium supplemented with Se and/or Vit-E in the presence or absence of H2O2 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the control. Moreover, Vit-E is more effective than Se and Se+Vit-E in reversing ROS-induced mouse embryo toxicity. Therefore, Vit-E may be supplemented in the CZB medium for better development and viability of pre implanted mouse embryo.

Keywords:  Mouse embryo; Selenium; Vitamin E

Abbrevations Ros: Reactive Oxygen Species; -Oh: Hydroxyl Radical; O2-: Superoxide Anion Radical; Se: Selenium; Gpx: Glutathione Peroxidase; Cpm :Counts Per Minutes

    Introduction

In vitro embryo culture suffers from excessive developmental failure. Its inefficiency is linked with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, hydroxyl radical (-OH) and superoxide anion radical (O2-), appears as the by-products of cell metabolism [1]. Superoxide may also spontaneously break down into oxygen and H2O2. As ROS are highly reactive molecules, their accumulation can lead to damage and breakage of DNA strands. There are many evidences have been found that ROS compromises embryo development in many species [2-6].

Selenium (Se), an essential trace element for mammals, is an integral part of anti- oxidant system [7]. Se dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) has an important role in free radical protective mechanisms. Vitamin E (Vit-E), the predominant lipid-soluble antioxidant in animal cells, protects cells from oxygen radical damage in vivo [8,9] and in vitro [10,11].Our previous study investigated that Se and Vit-E, as the integral parts of antioxidant systems which play important roles for the in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture of porcine oocyte [12]. However, there is a very limited studies were conducted with the effect of Se and Vit-E on the development of preimplanted mouse embryo. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate whether Se, Vit-E or Se+Vit-Eovercome the undesirable oxidative stress produced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and enhance the development of preimplanted mouse embryo.

    Materials and Methods  

Chemicals and reagents

The basic embryo culture medium used in this study was CZB [13] , which contains 1mM glutamine, 0.1 mM EDTA and 5mg/ml BSA, and considered as control. A part of CZB was added with 30% H2O2 to get a final concentration of 0.0003% that considered as negative control. According to the experimental layout, CZB (with or without H2O2) was supplemented with30, 60, 90Nm Se (sodium selenite; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 50, 100 and150nM of Vit-E (α-tocopherolacetate) and their combination (Se+Vit-E). Selenium, Vit-E and H2O2 were equilibrated in culture medium under CO2 incubator for 8 hours before the start of culture. Vit-E was dissolved in ethanol, and an emulsion was formed by vortex mixing before adding it to the embryo. PMSG and HCG used in this study were obtained from Sankyo Chemical Industries Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. The copulation plug was checked 24 hours later. Radioactive 14C (U)-glucose was purchased from American Radio labeled Chemicals (St. Louis, Mo, USA). All other chemicals were of analytical grade and purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan) unless otherwise indicated.

Collection of embryos

Embryos were obtained from 7-8 weeks old female ICR mice. They were offered feed with a balanced standard diet and ad libitum clean drinking water. Animals were kept in polycarbonate cage with wood shavings under a 12h light: 12h dark regimen (light on at 6:00), at a temperature of 20±1 °C in accordance with the "Guideline for Regulation of Animal Experimentation, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University.” Female mice were induced to superovulation with PMSG (5 1U, i.p.) followed 48h later by hCG (51U, i.p.) and met with male mice. Zygotes of 1-cell stages were collected at 2 5 hours HCG post injection by flushing out from the fallopian tubes. The embryos were subsequently incubated in CZB medium.

Experimental layout

In fact, there are four experiments were conducted under this study In experiment 1, effect of CZB supplanted with different levels of Se (0, 30, 60 and 90nM) and Vit-E (0, 50, 100 and 150nM) on the development of mouse embryo from 1-cell stage to the blastocyst were evaluated. The experiment 11 were conducted to investigate the effects of Se (60nM), Vit-E (100nM) and their combination (60nM Se+100nM Vit-E) on the development from 2-cell to blastocyst stages of embryo in the presence (1mM) or absence of H2O2 in CZB medium. Where, the experiment 111 was conducted to the effect evaluate Se (60nM), Vit-E (100nM) and their combination (60nM Se+100nM Vit-E) on the accumulation of ammonia (NH4) in presence or absence of H2O2 due to metabolism of embryo during the development up to blastocyst stages. 1ncorporation and oxidation of 14C-glucose at blastocysts developed by the supplementation of Se (60nM), Vit-E (100nM) and their combination (60nM Se+100nM Vit-E) in the presence or absence of H2O2 were evaluated by conducting the experiment IV. These experiments were conducted five times repeated.

Culture of embryos

The collected zygotes of 1-cell stages were transferred to the culture dishes for washing, and grown in-vitro to the developmental stages up to blastocyst. Embryos were cultured according to the standard techniques, in groups of 10 zygotes were placed into 35mm-diameter culture dishes (Nunc Co., Denmark) containing 30|il of each CZB medium under a layer of paraffin oil and equilibrated overnight in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 37 °C. The pH of all media was 7.4 after equilibration. The developing embryos seemed to be normal in their morphology, with almost no fragmentation.

Ammonia determination

During incubation period embryos which developed in the presence of Se and/or Vit-E with or without H2O2, the ammonia concentrations in the medium were assessed by using the Bertholot-indophenol method as described in our previous study [14] . To determine the ammonia concentration in the medium, 100μ1 of the culture medium was removed every 2-4h and frozen at -40 °C until measurement. The procedure was carried out five times for the analysis. A calibration curve in the range 0.0003� of ammonia was run with each experiment. The mean coefficient for determination of the calibration curve of five experiments was 0.994.

Incorporation and oxidation of 14C-glucose

The experiment was initiated with 14C-glucose 18.5kBq/0.1mol (specific activity 9.69MkBq/mol, Moravek Biochemicals, 1nc., USA). Each of the ten blastocysts which developed in the presence of Se and/ or Vit-E with or without H2O2 was transferred in a microtube of 50μ1 CZB medium drop containing 14C-glucose then overlaid with mineral oil. On the other hand, 1ml of 2.5Mm NaOH solution was transferred into a 1.5ml micro tube as a trap for the evolved 14 CO2. Both microtubes of NaOH and 14C-glucosewith embryos were confined into a scintillation vial using a rubber stopper. The scintillation vials were incubated for 5h in an incubator at 37 °C. After incubation period, the metabolic reactions of embryos were stopped with an injection of 100μ1 of 10% perchloric acid (PCA) kept at room temperature for 24h. The acid insoluble materials were carefully washed by millipore filtration (8.0|iM white SCWP, 47mm; Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA) with 5% PCA and the filter papers were kept overnight under a lamp. After drying, the filter papers were transferred into scintillation vials. The NaOH solution was transferred into a new scintillation vial by washing 3-4 times with cocktail (0.5% PPO+0.03% POPOP solution in toluene). All the scintillation vials with 5ml of cocktail were set in a Liquid Scintillation Counter (LS-6500, Beckman Instruments, Inc. USA) to determine the levels of radio activity [15]. This experiment was conducted ten times to improve its accuracy. The values of incorporation and oxidation were expressed directly as counts per minutes (CPM).

Statistical analysis

Data obtained from this stud were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). The data expressed as percentage were tested by Chi-square test. Data were presented as mean ±SEM of at least 5 replicates and differences were considered significant at the level of P<0.05.

    Results

The effects of supplementation of different levels of Se (0, 30, 60 and 90nM) in CZB medium on the development of mouse embryo are presented in (Table 1). The results revealed that 30 and 60nM of Se was more effective (P<0.05) for mouse embryo development than that of the control and 90nM of Se, where the level showed detrimental effect on the development of embryo as blastocyst. On the other hand, (Table 2) demonstrated that the supplementation of 100nM of Vit-E was the most effective (P<0.05) for embryonic development than that of the 0, (control), 50 and 150nM. The lowest (P<0.05) percentage of blastocyst was observed when zygotes were cultured in CZB supplemented with 150nM of Vit-E.

Detrimental effects of H2O2 and reducing or protecting ability of Se, Vit-E or their combination from the effects of H2O2 on the embryonic development were shown in (Table 3). The results demonstrated that the development of mouse embryos was reduced by the detrimental effect of H2O2 especially in CZB, the occurrence after 8 cell markedly decreased under H2O2 (P<0.05). However, the supplementation of Se, Vit-E and Se+Vit-E were able to reduce the detrimental effect of H2O2 and enhanced (P<0.05) the development of mouse embryo to be blastocyst. Highest percentage of blastocysts was obtained when the zygotes were cultured in the CZB medium supplemented with Vit-E in the presence or absence of H2O2.

During the development of mouse embryos up to the blastocyst stage, accumulation of metabolic NH4+ in the CZB medium supplemented with Se, Vit-E and Se+Vit-E in the presence or absence of H2O2 is showed in (Table 4). The results revealed that the lowest (P<0.05) accumulation of metabolic NH4+ was observed in the CZB medium supplemented with Vit-E in the presence or absence of H2O2. The effects of supplementation of Se, V1t-E and Se+Vit-E in the CZB medium with or without H2O2 on incorporation and oxidation of 14C-glucose at the blastocyst stage are shown in (Table 5). The incorporation of 14C-glucose at the blastocyst stage cultured with Se, Vit-E and Se+Vit-E in the CZB medium were not significantly differed (P>0.05), but higher rate of incorporation (P<0.05) occurred by the supplementation of Se or Vit-E in the presence of H2O2. On the other hand, in the presence of H2O2, the oxidation of 14C-glucose by the blastocysts were higher (P<0.05) when zygotes were cultured in the CZB medium supplanted with Vit-E or Se alone or Se+Vit-E than the basic CZB medium. There was a slightly higher rate of oxidation of 14C-glucoseoccured in the blastocyst stage cultured with Se, Vit-E and Se+Vit-E.

    Discussion

A number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been shown to influence in vitro survival of the embryos to the blastocyst stage in extended culture. Previous studies suggest that in vitro extrinsic factors such as prolonged culture conditions and the autocrine and paracrine activities of the embryos may also contribute to the failure of optimal embryo development. Among the factors that might affect in vitro development of embryos is the balance between oxidative stress, and the ability of the embryos to neutralize their effects [16] reported a sustained increase in oxygen, glucose and pyruvate uptake during in vitro embryo development. The embryos were dependent on oxidative phosphorylation for energy (ATP) production at all stages of pre-elongation development, with perhaps a shift in dependence towards glycolysis in conjunction with compaction. This enhancement in oxidative metabolism of the embryo could be linked to the detected increase in ROS, which are characterized by the presence of an unpaired electron [17] and free-radical intermediaries [18].

Free radicals are generated from leakage of high-energy electrons as they proceed down the electron transport chain. The free radicals have many harmful effects including DNA damage [19]. Many embryos under oxidative stress step into a transient cell cycle arrest which is activated by DNA damage response before apoptosis [20]. Legge & Sellens [21] were suggested that the 2-cell block in mouse embryo is at least in part, of free radical damage incurred by embryos during collection and culture, and that medium supplementation with the radical scavenger, reduced glutathione, can improve embryo development in vitro reported that enhanced oxidative metabolism of embryos may be associated with increased ROS levels detected. The gradual increase in ROS levels from the 2-cell embryo up to the late morula stage could depend on the metabolic change undergone by the embryo during its development. 1t is necessary to prevent ROS as much as possible during culture embryos. However, it is unclear as to which embryos may be adversely affected and to what extent.

The present study showed that Se, Vit-E and SE+Vit-E increased blastocyst formation compared to control. Especially, it suggested that the formation of mouse blastocysts cultured in the presence of 60nM/ml Se and 100nM/ml Vit-E were significantly higher than control. The trace element Se is a component of antioxidative seleno enzymes, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and ThioredoxinReductase (ThxRed) that decrease oxidative stress. Se, as sodium selenite, has been reported as a co-factor for glutathione peroxidase and other proteins and used as an anti-oxidant in medium [22]. 1n cell culture system, sodium selenite protected cell from oxidative damage, free radicals and obstructed lipid peroxide products [23,24]. Se played a role in the antioxidant defense system in the formation of mouse blastocyst, which was essential for the catalytic activity of glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione, a thiol tripeptide component in all cell types has an important role in the transportation of amino acid, synthesis of the protein and DNA, and reduction of disulfide bonds [25].

In the present study, Se and Vit-E were used as combined supplements in the CZB medium for culture of mouse embryos, but this combination showed lower influence in the development of mouse blastocyst than Vit-E alone. Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is well known as an ROS scavenger in in vivo and in vitro conditions [26-28] and is the most important antioxidant present in ovarian tissue and follicular fluid. The antioxidant activity of a-tocopherol in preventing free-radical-induced tissue damage is accepted by most investigators and is believed to be the primary free radical scavenger and to inhibit lipid peroxidation in the mammalian cell membrane [26-29].The present study also demonstrated that the supplementation of Vit-E (specially, 100nM) played an important role in the development of mouse embryo. The results are in agreement with the results of our previous study and the study of [30] they also reported that the optimal concentration of Vit-E in embryo culture is 100nM.

There is a method to observe the effect of mild oxidative stress with retardation of embryo development in the medium supplemented with 1-5mM H2O2. The H2O2 used in this experiment was 1mM, and performed detrimental effects on the development embryo after 8 cells [31]. Reported that effects of H2O2 on blastocyst formation became more severe during the treatment of later stages of development. Embryos may also have different sensitivities to ROS at different developmental stages [32]. The exogenous oxidant H2O2 leads to over production of ROS, which may induce multiple cellular damages, including lipid peroxidation, nuclear DNA strand breaks, and mitochondrial alteration, consequently disturbing the development of pr implanted embryos in vitro [33-35]. Most of the embryos under oxidative stress step into a transient cell cycle arrest in vitro, which is activated by DNA damage response before apoptosis.

Vit-E(α-tocopherol)isapredominantlipid-solubleantioxidant that has been considered as a primary free radical scavenger in biological membranes [36-38]. a-tocopherolscavenges peroxyl radicals from polyunsaturated fatty acid in membrane phospholipids or lipoproteins that do not spread the radical chain, thereby protecting against lipid peroxidation [39]. Our previous study reported that supplementation of a-tocopherol maintains the development of mouse embryo and pig oocyte quality, fertilization rates and embryo development. Mouse preimplantation embryos can be cultured in a simple defined medium. Under such conditions energy substrates in the medium represent a major source of carbon for anabolism. Glucose is incorporated into macromolecules during in-vitro culture of cleaving mouse embryos and blastocysts [40]. 1n particular, both acid-soluble glycogen and desmoglycogen are rapidly synthesized from glucose presumably to act as a source of energy at implantation [41]. Overall metabolism, as assessed by oxygen consumption is low during the cleavage stages of development before rising sharply at the blastocyst stage. Moreover, metabolic activity has been shown to relate to developmental potential.

In this study, the accumulation of ammonia in the culture was measured regardless of the presence or absence of H2O2, the lower accumulation of ammonia in the blastocyst stage is better than the higher accumulation that occur incidence to the blastocyst [42] showed that high levels of ROS in culture media are associated with low rates of embryo development and blastocyst formation [43]. Suggested two possible mechanisms for the inhibitory effects of NH4+. Perturbation of intracellular pH requires the involvement of Na/K ATPase to transport NH4+ across membranes. Alternatively, may interact directly with enzymes, participating in a series of futile cycles which detoxify NH4+ and result in consumption of ATP. Thus, by whichever mechanism, inclusion of NH4+in culture media will divert ATP from growth to maintenance.

Azizimoghadam reported that pentose phosphate pathway activity of total glucose metabolism was increased at the compacted morula stage and was highest at the blastocyst stage [44]. 1n this study, incorporation and oxidation of 14C-glucose in the blastocyst was significantly influenced when cultured with Vit-E and Se in the presence of H2O2. The incorporation and oxidation of 14C-glucose at the blastocyst tended to resemble the development of embryo. The present study appeared that incorporation and oxidation of 14C- glucose was good for showing the activity of embryos.

Generation of ROS induced by glucose utilization was assumed to be caused by the activation of NADPH oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of NADPH, generates NADP that serves as a coenzyme of the oxidative arm of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) [45]. The gradual increase in ROS levels from the 2-cell embryo up to the late morula stage could depend on the metabolic change undergone by the embryo during its development. 1t is necessary to prevent ROS as much as possible during culture embryos.

    Conclusion

In conclusion, our results showed that culture of mouse zygotes in the CZB medium supplemented with 60nM Se and/ or 100nM Vit-E improves the developmental rate of mouse blastocyst formation in the absence or presence of free radicals or their sources. Therefore, the present study reveals that selenium and vitamin E improves mice blastocyst viability by minimizing the level of free radicals that might occur during development of blastocyst in vitro and which may be useful for assisted reproductive techniques.

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[mypkshop-blog]

Top 8 Car GPS Product of 2019 in Cheap Price

Our editors autonomously research, test, and suggest the best items; you can study our audit procedure here. We may get commissions on buys produced using our picked connections.

The appearance of route applications may make a devoted GPS framework feel like needless excess. Be that as it may, that is simply because you don't have the foggiest idea about the present GPS frameworks. Current gadgets can do much more than basically offer turn-by-turn headings. They use constant traffic information to help characterize the most immediate course, find corner stores and fix shops, take real run cam video to enable you to accumulate proof if there should arise an occurrence of a mishap, and let you wander the tough rough terrain environs that live just past the asphalt—and afterward let you share your adventure by means of your favored internet based life. Presently GPS's can be voice-told, enabling you to add something to your Amazon list when you recollect that you're out of paper towels, caution you of speed traps and up and coming way out rates, or download solid maps to urban areas all through the world. Here, our preferred GPS frameworks available at this point.

Top 8  Car GPS Accessories

Best Overall: Garmin Drive Smart 61

In case you're searching for the most perfectly awesome GPS framework that consolidates usability and solid outcomes, you won't do any superior to the Garmin DriveSmart 61. The unit promptly stands apart with a 6.95-inch capacitive touch show. Bigger than most cell phone shows, the edge-to-edge show is clear and conveys route data initially. With custom waypoints, for example, home or office, Garmin additionally includes a large number of focal points. Finding the closest corner store, Starbucks, or air terminal is as simple as a couple of catch presses.

Indeed, even with the majority of its committed GPS includes, the DriveSmart is substantially more than only a GPS unit. Bluetooth similarity enables it to interface legitimately to your cell phone. From that point, the Garmin can encourage sans hands calls and content warnings just as schedule updates for your next arrangement. It likewise has a voice-initiated route include so you can reveal to it your next goal without composing in any locations.

Best Budget: TomTom VIA 1425M

A 4.3-inch touchscreen makes it simple to pursue headings on the TomTom VIA 1425M—or to advise the framework where you need to pass by basically tapping the ideal goal. TomTom uses propelled path direction to enable you to move into the correct situation for ways out and crossing points by featuring the ideal course, with a simple to-gather reversible dashboard mount. It keeps running for one hour for every charge, with both USB and vehicle charger alternatives, just as a smaller scale SD card space in the event that you need to enhance the locally available 8MB interior memory. Out of the crate, you get maps for the United States, Mexico, and Canada, with free updates for the life of the route gadget, and the verbally expressed guidelines can be designed to in excess of 30 unique dialects.

Best Hands-Free: Garmin Speak Plus

The Speak Plus is the thing that you'd get in the event that you wedded your preferred GPS with one of the business' best advanced individual aides. This gadget utilizes Amazon Alexa as its center AI, enabling you to play music from Amazon Music, Pandora, IHeartRadio, and different applications—and you can likewise control your brilliant gadgets at home, get some information about the climate, or request up pretty much anything. Garmin's excellent heritage with GPS tech handles the route, including turn-by-turn discernible bearings (with screen prompts) that you can trigger just by pinging Alexa to ask Garmin to get you home, to work, or to the Empire State Building.

An implicit run cam includes a layer of solace in the improbable occasion that you're in a mishap, alongside driver help highlights to ward off those odds, including forward crash and path flight alerts. The GPS likewise works with Bluetooth-empower gadgets for sans hands calls and incorporates with your vehicle stereo remotely or by means of a standard AUX link.

Best for Off-Road Adventures: Magellan TR5 Trail and Street GPS

On the off chance that adhering to principle streets isn't your thing, at that point you need the Magellan TR5 trail and road GPS on your next rough terrain experience. With more than 115,000 preloaded trail courses, there's something here for four-wheel driving, ATVs, and snowmobiles. Magellan additionally includes more than 6.6 million points of intrigue. Finding a POI or setting up is simple utilizing the TR5's five-inch touchscreen show. The unit itself is perfect for rough terrain vehicles since it is stun, residue, and water safe.

It won't come as any astonishment to past GPS clients that the TR5 is pressed with sound and visual route help. In case you're caught up with keeping your eyes on the trail, the sound will keep you securely on track. If you have to make a snappy return home, hit the Backtrack catch and it returns you to the underlying beginning stage. Past route, the unit can likewise synchronize to a cell phone through Bluetooth for approaching call notices just as content and schedule alarms.

Best for International Travel: TomTom Go 520

Most GPS units accompany pre-stacked maps of North America, however the TomTom Go 520 has an increasingly worldwide perspective and accompanies maps of the whole world pre-stacked. The best part is that with worked in W-iFi availability, the gadget will inform you at whatever point new updates are accessible, so you can refresh without a PC. The gadget likewise speaks with your cell phone; it can peruse out instant messages upon solicitation, or discover contacts and dial for without hands calling. You can likewise trigger Siri and Google Now with the tap of a catch on the gadget.

Maps update for the lifetime of the gadget, and it utilizes continuous traffic information to plot out your ideal course. At the point when once more from investigating the world, the Go 520 can likewise get familiar with your driving propensities to anticipate when and where you most drive to help cut out your optimal course. The main (potential) disadvantage: the five-inch screen isn't as monstrous as a portion of the others on this rundown, however it's still bounty huge, particularly in case you're driving an Euro smaller than expected games vehicle.

Best for Motorcycles: Garmin zumo 396 LMT-S

Best GPS gadgets designed for helping motorcyclists face a pile of contemplations that vehicle inviting gadgets don't, and the zumo 396 LMT-S has every one of those factors secured. The rough, glove-accommodating 4.3-inch gadget opposes harm from fuel vapors, UV beams, and brutal climate, and stays simple to peruse in splendid daylight. Likewise with most gadgets, you additionally get constant traffic notice and sans hands calling by means of Bluetooth, and you can control your music and playlists from the GPS screen.

Grasping the fun idea of motorcycling, the gadget incorporates a pick your-own-experience style Adventurous Routing route include that gives you a chance to adjust the course by inclining toward bends and slopes, and staying away from the dull automaton of real expressways. For gathering rides, you can dial your favored course and offer it by means of GPX documents with individual riders, and when you adjust the gadget to a cell phone, you can share your whereabouts continuously. Cautions incorporate traffic and climate refreshes just as speed and red-light camera warning just as when sharp turns are drawing nearer. The gadget uses an implicit excursion PC that tracks each significant detail on your bicycle, including gas, air channels, brake cushions, and liquids—and will reveal to you when to stop for fuel by giving choices to close by service stations. The main thing the zumo 396 doesn't do is drive your bicycle — however you have that part secured.

Best for RVs: Magellan Roadmate RV9365T-LMB

The open street conveys an entire host of perils when you're driving a major apparatus of a RV or hauling your camper or rec vehicle behind you on a trailer. No difficult maneuvers, it would be ideal if you and unquestionably no cobblestones. However, different components are similarly imperative to abstain from, including lanes that confine U-turns or are dodgy and unpaved. The Roadmate RV9365T-LMB gives you a chance to program your vehicle's measurements into the gadget, alongside other driver inclinations, and after that plots a course that takes into account those contemplations.

The Magellan Roadmate additionally comes pre-stacked with a Good Sam RV Travel Guide and Campground Directory (counting information on each site like whether they have Wi-Fi or are pet-accommodating), alongside a rundown of RV Sani-Dump Station Locations. The 7-inch touchscreen alters for day or late evening survey, and works with constant traffic updates to avoid delays, and incorporates other route tips like close by service stations, traffic cam alarms, path help direction, and a customized top picks menu. Guide updates are useful for the life of the gadget, and it tracks your speed just as far as possible.

Best Dash Cam GPS: Garmin Dash Cam 65W

Get into one dubious mishap and you'll comprehend the verifiable estimation of dependable proof to help bolster your side of the story. While the Dash Cam 65W is GPS-empowered, it's not centered around route. Rather, this gadget gives you a chance to catch 1080p-goals video film with 180-degree inclusion through voice order. It'll likewise naturally spare film on effect because of GPS-empowered Incident Detection, which catches both the when and the where of what happened to enhance the video.

The Garmin Dash cam additionally conveys helpful route alarms like forward-crash and path flight alerts and notices on red-light and speed cameras. It's not about awful news, however; the gadget offers fun approaches to catch the features of an outstanding excursion. Essentially direction the gadget to snap a picture, record video or sound, or initiate the Travelapse include, which gathers long stretches of crashing into a minutes-in length stream of the excursion features. Normally, it matches up with your cell phone because of inherent Wi-Fi, so you can remotely add recordings to your gadget in the wake of downloading the VIRB Mobile application, making it simple to impart film to companions, family, insurance agencies, and lawful specialists.

Our Process

Our essayists went through 5 hours investigating the most well known GPS frameworks available. Prior to making their last proposals, they thought about 12 unique GPS frameworks, screened alternatives from 5 distinct brands and producers, read in excess of 10 client audits (both positive and negative), and tried 1 of the GPS frameworks themselves. The majority of this examination means suggestions you can trust.

[juniperpublishersjcmah]

Lipid Peroxidation, Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Alterations of DCM-F of Rhizophora mucronata in Diabetic Rats- Juniper Publishers

Abstract

Oxidative stress is responsible for impairment of β-cells caused by chronic glucose toxicity. The present study demonstrates dichloromethane fraction (DCM-F) of Rhizophora mucronata mediated fortification against diabetes mellitus induced alterations in antioxidant defense system in the animal model. Single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and nicotinamide was to induce diabetes in rats. 50mg/kg of DCM-F was orally treated to diabetic rats for 45 days. At the end of the experiment, blood glucose, lipid hydro-peroxide (LH), plasma enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were determined. Treatment of DCM-F to the experimental rats notably (p<0.01) restored blood-glucose, body weight, lipid profile and carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities. Besides, the intensity of LH increased and CAT, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), GSH, and SOD were considerably decreased in diabetic rats. These unfavourable alterations were inverted to normal in DCM-F treated rats. Moreover, notable results on ceruloplasmin, ascorbic acid, and tocopherol were observed in DCM-F treatment as differenced with diabetic and control. In conclusion, DCM-F of R. mucronata act as antioxidant linked with anti-hyperglycemic and act as a ligand for selected antioxidant receptors.

Keywords:Antioxidant; DCM-F; Glutathione peroxidase; Oxidative stress, Rhizophora mucronate

Abbrevations: CAT: Catalase; DCM-F: Dichloromethane Fraction; GPx: Glutathione Peroxidise; GSH: Glutathione; LH: Lipid Hydroperoxide; MDA: Malondialdehyde; PUFA: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; SOD: Superoxide Dismutase; TBARS: Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances

Introduction

Free radicals produced during regular metabolism are removed by way of an efficient scavenging system and the imbalance effects in expanded oxidative strain. Lipid peroxide stages in diabetes are extended in plasma, serum, kidney, lens and in erythrocyte membrane [1]. Significant modifications in lipid metabolism and structural modifications in cell membranes are related to the progress of metabolic disorders [2]. The dysfunction among enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation of lipids in vivo is not always absolute [3]. Oxidative pressure has these days been proven accountable, as a minimum in the component, for pancreatic β-mobile dysfunction due to glucose toxicity. Under hyperglycemia, production of various decreasing sugars, which includes glucose-6-phosphate and fructose, will increase through glycolysis and polyol pathways [4]. During this method, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced and cause tissue harm. So, STZ is broadly hired to set off experimental diabetes in animals [5]. DCM-F of Rhizophora mucronata is confirmed anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic impact on diabetic animals [6]. In the continuation of preceding research, we have appraised the impact of DCM-F on lipid peroxidation and plasma antioxidants in STZ-NAD induced diabetic animals.

Summary

Body weight, blood glucose, cholesterol, lipid profile, plasma insulin and carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities of experimental rats were estimated and reported in the previous studies [6]. Figure 1 illustrated the level of LH and TBARS in the plasma of experimental rats. TBARS concentrations were particularly raised in the diabetic rats, distinguished with control and DCM-F treated rats. DCM-F (50mg/kg) showed a convincing decrease in TBARS level. No consistent changes were found among control and treated rats. Activities of enzymatic antioxidants were clearly giveaway in diabetic rats compared with control and treated rats. Lipid peroxidation is a process enhancing the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which causes metabolic disorders, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. The results of the present study show STZ induced free radicals and increased oxidation of PUFA in the plasma and tissues of diabetic rats. This confirms the previous reports on the proficiency of STZ to assist production of free radicals and causes oxidative stress [7]. The increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the reaction of enzymes, metabolism of xenobiotics shows the way to lipid peroxidation with consecutive cell disruption and toxicity [8]. Free radical increases in liver and kidney tissues may accommodate almost absorption of per-oxidizeable fatty acids. DCM-F treatments reduce MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation in the tissues of diabetic rats suggesting that the DCM-F have massive anti-oxidative properties. Alkaloids of mangroves have an important role as edible antioxidants for the preclusion of oxidative damages in humans [9].

DCM-F treatment explained a rational (P<0.05) get higher in the actions of superoxide dismutase, catalase (Table 1), and glutathione peroxidise (Figure 2). Notable (P<0.05) increase in the levels of glutathione, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and ceruloplasmin in diabetic rats contrasted to control. DCM-F treatment progress to a significant (P<0.05) increase in the plasma concentrations of glutathione, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and ceruloplasmin if compared with diabetic control rats (Table 1). No consistent variations were found among control and treated rats. Catalase and superoxide dismutase plays a major role in the reduction of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals and dismutation of superoxide radicals respectively [10-12]. Glutathione peroxidase detoxifies hydrogen-peroxide into water through the oxidation of reduced glutathione [13,14]. The present study results confirm the restored action of enzymatic antioxidants through the treatment of DCM-F. In the continuation of lipid peroxidation and formation of hydrogen peroxides are arisen. Inhibition of hydrogen peroxide means that production of hydroxyl radicals is reduced which protects the cells from xenobiotics [15]. In this view, antioxidant alkaloids reduced the oxidative damages through inhibition of free radical formation [16]. Depletion of glutathione may be accompanying to the increased lipid peroxidation in the STZ induced diabetic rats. Previous reports express decreased antioxidant enzyme action enhanced peroxidative sta¬tus particularly liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats [17,18]. During peroxidation, α-tocopherol reduces lipid hydroperoxides and protects cell damage, while binding to the copper ion ceruloplasmin inhibits lipid peroxidation [19]. Increased utilization as an antioxidant defense system and reduced in the level of glutathione in diabetic rats reduced ascorbic acid [20]. These are supports, DCM-F of Rhizophora mucronata treatment restored antioxidant enzyme action in diabetic rats through detoxification and scavenging of free radicals. Rhizophora mucronata, the mangrove plant isolated DCM-F was studied to control diabetes mellitus to enhance the action of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, DCM-F of Rhizophora mucronata act as antioxidant linked with antihyperglycemic effect.

Each value is mean S.D. for 8 rats in each group (n=8).

Values that have a different superscript letter (a,b,c) differ significantly with each other (P<0.05, Duncan’s multiple range test).

z-One unit of CAT is defined as the μ mole of hydrogen peroxide consumed per minute.

Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful to the University Grants Commission, Govt. of India, New Delhi, India (UGC Ref. No.: 39-439/2010) for financial support. The authors extend special thanks to Prof. S. Sengottuvelu and Asst. Prof. V. Lalitha, Nandha College of Pharmacy and Research Institute, TN, India for the support of experimental section and data analysis.

For more Open access journals please visit our site: Juniper Publishers  

For more articles please click on Journal of Complementary Medicine & Alternative Healthcare

#Complementary Medicine #Healthcare #Drugs #Open access journals #Juniper Publishers

[healthtimetaylor]

Sesamin could be a promising potential therapeutic agent against diabetes-associated cognitive decline.

PMID:  Life Sci. 2019 Aug 1 ;230:169-177. Epub 2019 May 29. PMID: 31150685 Abstract Title:  Sesamin: A promising protective agent against diabetes-associated cognitive decline in rats. Abstract:  AIMS: Hippocampal oxidative stress and apoptosis of CA1 neurons play significant roles in the pathophysiology of diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD). The present study was aimed to elucidate the putative effects of sesamin, a major lignan of sesame seed, against DACD, and possible involvement of anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.MAIN METHODS: Fifty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, control-sesamin (30 mg/kg/day), diabetic, diabetic-sesamin (30 mg/kg/day), and diabetic-insulin (6 IU/rat/day) groups. Diabetic rats were treated with sesamin (P.O.) or insulin (S.C.) for eight consecutive weeks. Cognitive performance was evaluated in a Morris Water Maze (MWM) test; in addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were assayed in the hippocampus using assay kits. Moreover, hematoxylin-eosin (HE), TUNEL, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) stainings were conducted to evaluate histological changes, the apoptosis statusand expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in the hippocampal CA1 neurons, respectively.KEY FINDINGS: The results showed that diabetes reduced the spatial cognitive ability in MWM, which was accompanied by decrease in SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and increase in MDA level in the hippocampus. Additionally, diabetes resulted in neuronal loss, enhanced apoptotic index, elevated the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein, and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in the hippocampal CA1 neurons. Interestingly, sesamin treatment improved all the above-mentioned deficits of diabetes at a comparable level with insulin therapy.SIGNIFICANCE: The results suggest that sesamin could be a promising potential therapeutic agent against DACD, possibly through its intertwined anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic properties.

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[lulzyfarms]

Kinchiona leaves with a bang

ORIGINALLY POSTED MARCH 4, 2010.

SEE BELOW THE CUT FOR ARCHIVE LINKS, NOTES, AND SCREENSHOTS OF NOTEWORTHY COMMENTS.

I honestly don’t know the whole story since all this only just happened recently and I haven’t read anything about the actual cause/background. Only basic thing I know is Pokéfarm was having some sort of contest and some users were apparently being rude/trolls and, in the administration’s words, being stupid users which caused Kinchiona (previously known as Wolfin) to explode. She is now banned from the site (which I would assume is by her own hand as a means of escaping).

Side-note: it was apparently discovered that SpiritDragon was another account by Kinchiona. Don’t really care about that issue unless she was using it to cheat between it and her main account since there’s a couple of understandable reasons for an admin to have an extra account (either for testing or just wanting to play the game as a normal member on the side). So the first picture in the album I’m about to link is of that account’s profile, so you can see her latest Mini-Log (check out the Mini-Log of her main account too, also provided).

I’ll just leave this here now then: http://imgur.com/a/niDft [1-4][A]

So Kinchiona, now 19 years old, got mad at how members were acting and wound up having some kind of stress-induced explosion. No one likes being stressed out but one should NEVER react the way that she did. Honestly, because of this incredibly childish moment (comparable, if not worse than, most of Kolink’s past actions), I hope she never comes back. She has proven that, despite her age, she is not yet an adult and deserves no position of power. Kolink will need to watch his footing to make sure this most likely emotional and personal moment doesn’t negatively affect his own handling of the situation (the update header itself already says he will continue the contest if he can deal with ‘the stupid users’).

Kolink’s posts state that she will not return and that he will continue to run the site alone. What this means for their apparent engagement that I heard about (if this is even true), I’m not sure. You’ll have to tune in to Pokéfarm itself to watch as this story develops, as I may or may not post anything else relating to it here.

P.S. I heard it through the grapevines that a month or so ago she was banned from both VDex and GPX+ for cheating.

Archived images

1, 2, 3, 4, 5[B], 6[C], 7[D]

Notes

A: This album actually works but just in case I’ve uploaded all the images separately above.

B: Posted in the comments.  SpiritDragon was an account of Kinchiona, and had entered her own spriting contest under this secondary account.

C: Posted in the comments. Quote: “ since apparently none of Kinchiona’s comments are being allowed in so she can’t explain herself “

D: Posted in the comments. PMs between Kolink and another user inquiring about the Kinchiona situation.

Archive of the general post

https://web.archive.org/web/20140207180117/http://lulzyfarm.wordpress.com/2011/11/05/kinchiona-leaves-with-a-bang/

There are almost 800 comments on this post. I tried my best to scroll through and archive any important images. If you’re interested, there are posts from Kinchiona and Kolink in there, have fun.

#pokefarm #pokefarmq #pokefarm drama #kolink #niet

[fitnessexpert00-blog]

Navigating Through the Options for Electronic Navigation

New Post has been published on https://fitnessqia.com/awesome/navigating-through-the-options-for-electronic-navigation/

Navigating Through the Options for Electronic Navigation

If you’re into any level of adventure travelling, you’ve probably got a GPS device and some kind of go-to mapping app for electronic navigation. I know it’s one of the most common questions I’m met with on the trails and I typically don’t have a solid answer for people other than “it depends.” This is because the market has become so saturated with products in niche areas that it can be challenging to find affordable options for our weekend activities that can also serve a purpose in the same sphere as our fitness watches. I’m not likely to take a large iPad and a plug-in receiver on a hike where a fitness watch would better serve that purpose. With so many activities and lifestyle factors at play, there has to be a one-size-fits-all option for everyone, right?

Today I’m going to get us started moving in the right direction with some little-known products and try to help you ascertain the right device for your activities. There’s no solid one-size-fits-all option for everyone, but we just may be able to get you close. As we move through this topic, I want to stress that I haven’t used every device on the market, but I have been doing this for a long time. I used Microsoft Streets and Trips back in 2005 to chase tornadoes from a massive Toshiba laptop, dreaming about how nice it would be to have WiFi for our GRLevel3 storm software. I’ve had my hands in everything from the Blue Force Tracker to the Garmin ForeTrex and most other things in between. I’ll break down some of the things that work well for my personal use and for my team’s utilize on the trails.

Fitness Watches and Long Walks on the Beach

There’s a lot of information to cover on this subject so we’re going to be lumping some together so that it’s as streamlined as possible. First up, we’re going to be discussing most handheld divisions and GPS/ Fitness watches, as well as where they belong in the world of outdoor activities.

We’ll define “fitness” as any activity that you perform on a daily or weekly basis that involves familiar routes and a relatively low likelihood of navigational faults. I’m not saying a GPS watch can’t serve a greater intent than tracking and posting your run to your favorite app, but they’re not practical for many heavy users. This will also lump in the more basic style of handheld GPS devices as they’re typically limited in capability.

As an example, I’ve been wearing the Suunto Ambit3 since the beginning of 2015 and it’s been an incredible hiking companion. I’ve used it to log waypoints in foreign countries so that I can grab straight-line roads to the nearest embassy, airport or train station if everything goes pear-shaped. I also use it for my hiking and biking escapades all around the country. I typically don’t broadcast my information to my MovesCount app, but I know that’s an option if I ever need it. It’s not going to get me to the nearest Taco Bell( probably for the better) but it will log my miles and get me out of a dangerous situation if I need it to.

Handheld GPS devices are sort of like a movie villain that refuses to die. With the exception of devices like the Garmin Rino 750, I guess these things are better off replaced by your cellphone. Nearly every telephone on the market now comes equipped with an internal GPS receiver that will handle your electronic navigation situation without any complaints. The main point to attain here is that it’s important to be completely familiar with how your maps will function without cellular service. Google builds it optional to download complete map sections for offline utilize, where other mapping services like Gaia GPS have a minimum base layer map available in any condition. Speaking from experience, I’ve reverted to my iPhone and offline Google Maps after I took a new device to the field without the manual.

Consider what your needs are

I know there are a lot of you immediately doing one of two things. You’re either already writing angry comments about how I junked satellite devices or you’re going to school me on paper maps and a compass. I deserve the latter, but we’re going to talk about devices like the inReach, SpotX and Iridium GO! shortly.

Satellite Messengers

This is a category all its own. Personally, I don’t suppose the majority of them handheld devices even deserve a spot in your bag, but there are a few components I really like. Garmin makes a device called the inReach Explorer that gives you tracking ability, basic electronic navigation functionality and the ability to share this information via satellite. You also have the option to two-way message other inReach devices on the Iridium network. The key selling point for something like this is the relatively low-cost barrier for the massive Iridium satellite array and the reliability of the SOS feature provided by said network.

Devices in this category would be well-suited as an emergency device for any situation where navigation and SOS features would be needed. Most general aviation aircraft will contain an Emergency Locator Transmitter, but there’s a chance that the older aircraft may contain outdated equipment that’s no longer monitored or lack the capability to transmit at all. Vehicle breakdowns, airplane accidents and boating emergencies can all be great nominees for this division, but I would caution against using these as a primary mean for navigation. If you’re boating by chart and compass or flying Visual Flight Rule, you’d probably be fine with one of these in your Go-Bag for emergencies.

There are some other makes and models out there like the Spot Messenger X. Personally, I haven’t used one of these but in my research over the past year, I’ve watched some wildly varied reviews. While I definitely don’t want to share an opinion of a product I’m not familiar with, I do want to say that most negative reviews came from some kind of a testing scenario that the device failed. The majority of positive feedback I can find is simply speculative. I would really like to hear real-world experience from anyone that has used these devices with any success.

Escapade Travel and Route Planning

While satellite equipped devices are a great back up solution for electronic navigation, most of us have moved to some kind of phone or tablet-based platform. Android definitely has a dog in this fight, but iOS is king of electronic navigation in my world. In recognizing the importance of devices that serve multiple functions and purposes, we’ve opted for an array of iPad models and several mobile platforms that help ensure we’re making good decisions along the way.

We use apps like MyRadar to keep up with weather and almost exclusively use the Gaia GPS Teams account to handle all of our mapping and routing. Use multiple-platform systems like these afford our team opportunities to work on other resources from our laptops or our tablets without having to constantly switch back and forth.

I is proposed that you do your homework

I did mention early on that there’s no one-size-fits-all alternative for everyone in electronic navigation, but one piece of equipment we’ve found to work very well is the Bad Elf GPS Pro. There are plenty of standalone divisions that will log your tracks for you, but we needed something that could pipe data to our tablets and also use an external antenna for when we’re confined to our trucks. Anyone who knows me is a well-known fact that I’m no stranger to drilling pits into my truck for functionality so I opted for a through-hole antenna.

One of the other pieces of equipment we’ve discussed in a previous article that we’re fond of is the PepWave Max BR1 Mini router paired with our MobileMark LTM4 07 antenna. There are some other options out there, but this is where we’ve settled in given the inherently robust, yet versatile nature of these devices. Typically when we upload daily ways to a Google Map or into Gaia GPS for editing, we’ll pull our GPX files from the BR1 router. The drawback to location reporting with this setup is that you need cellular coverage to broadcast/ report your physical locating and it isn’t very portable. Fortunately, the router stores the data onboard for something like seven days so that it can be accessed subsequently. Basically, the router stores your GPS data even if it isn’t able to be uploaded to the cloud.

With the limitations of our vehicle-borne router, we needed something that could also can be used to exit private vehicles and continue forming tracks. This takes us back to Bad Elf.( I know this sounds like more of a sales pitch for these guys, but I wasn’t paid to say this .) We’ve been using these things for years and I’ll encompass the reasons we don’t use their competitors’ devices in the next section. We carry two devices for these tasks; the first being the GPS Pro I mentioned earlier and the second largest being their Apple-specific plug-in style device.

With the Pro, we can log hikes, ATV rides, general aviation flights, or anything else that takes us away from our beloved BR1 routers and we can do it without anything but the GPS Pro device. Once we’re back in the truck, we can plug that Pro device into the external antenna and it feeds our information technology and tablets with streaming GPS data and presents us with the option to download the recently recorded data. Their plug-in model is great for scheming when you’re away from the trucks and you need a bit more detail on your device. They also do well with your iPhone for things like ATV treks or motorcycle rides, but they’re not as resistant to the elements.

While there are other options for small Bluetooth devices, this is the only one we’ve found that provides us with all of the functions that we needed specifically for our undertakings. As with all else, I recommend that you do your homework on each device’s specific features and assess them against your needs. I’ve found that the devices we use tend to cross over into many other activities quite well, but they do have one minor drawback. While they’re probably ergonomic to hold, they don’t seem very tacticool. I always have some image in my head that advanced place equipment should be square and blocky and have rubberized coatings everywhere. I guess it shows that they cater to everyone.

Asset Tracking and Resource Management

Now let’s encompas electronic navigation in marine GPS, desert racing and emergency management. If you need to way assets for any reason, there are a few alternatives to help get you where you need to be.

If you’ve watched any form of desert racing, you’ve likely noticed that those guys are utilizing marine chart plotters and GPS systems to make their route down the way.( This has nothing to do with the Stella III devices used in time/ speed tracking .) Marine Automatic Identification Systems( AIS) are similar to our BR1 routers in that they pull GPS signal from their GPS antenna and then broadcast that data over VHF. Our routers use cellular networks, whereas AIS utilizes standardized VHF frequencies.

My needs are not the same as yours

You’ll also notice that it’s possible to track ships all around the globe on sites like Vessel Finder. Due to the standardization of transponder frequencies and the interest of foreign nations to track goods and ships at all times, satellites were put in place to see those VHF transponder signals. Typically more information is available on the ship when they’re close to shore, but if you really want that info you can go to aprs.fi and check areas along the shore.

There are some other options for reporting your locating info. A company I recently learned about called LEADNAV is basically blending spacecraft data and location reporting with the planning and tracking capabilities of most popular GPS apps. It’s my journalistic duty to give the most unbiased insight I can on new tech like this, so I did reach out to the organization for more info. It seems their founder, Damian, is a former career Navy SEAL with heavy involvement in mission planning and navigation.

The LEADNAV platform aims to aid in off-grid scheming and communication by reporting location and asset information into their cloud to be shared with your team or the rest of the world. A good example of this setup would be for emergency asset management. Teams are able to track their personnel in real day anywhere on earth through the use of the Iridium satellite network and proprietary software. Their platform aims to be extremely versatile, appealing to the escapade traveler, emergency coordinators, or even weekend warriors. They feature alternatives like basic GPS functionality all the route up to real-time tracking.

One of the things I did say in the previous segment is that I would discuss why we don’t use some external GPS devices. LEADNAV does use the Dual XGPS1 60 device that’s gained quite a bit of popularity in electronic navigation, however, we’ve found that it doesn’t quite fit the bill for our needs. I’m sure that’s an issue that can be easily mitigated, but I can’t say for sure what our systems would look like otherwise since I haven’t set my hands on their equipment. My beef with the XGPS1 60 is its perceived lack of versatility. While it’s a great receiver, I haven’t procured it to be as convenient a grab-and-go alternative as our Bad Elf systems. I would say that if you’re considering buying a system like any of the custom-built LEADNAV products, don’t let the GPS receiver turn you off. My needs are not the same as yours.

Wrapping Up Electronic Navigation

There are a lot of options out there for electronic navigation. I realize that some of my opinions are pretty strongly-held and that they may not exactly line up with yours; that’s penalty. The most important takeaway here is to consider what your needs are. There’s a ton of information available and it can be quite confusing to navigate the intricacies of these electronic navigation technologies. Hopefully, this piece was helpful, if only because it offered a brief look into some of the less popular technologies. Feel free to ask any questions you may have or share your experiences in the comments. I tend to follow up on these articles in a pretty timely manner.

Editor-in-Chief’s Note: Derek Gill has been a Plank Owner here at ITS from the beginning and has an extensive background in healthcare, pharmaceutical research and technical diving. He’s been certified in SCUBA since 2000 and diving technical/ CCR since 2010. He speaks several languages including Russian and Spanish as well as several computer languages. These combined abilities have opened the door to more creative ventures in Network Security and Physical Security consulting. Derek is a veteran of the US Navy and a former Navy Corpsman who worked alongside the US Marine Corps. His military moniker, “Witch Doctor, ” has stuck with him ever since and it can now be found across many internet forums where he takes pride in trolling sensational zealots from multiple industries.

The post Navigating Through the Options for Electronic Navigation appeared first on ITS Tactical.

Read more: itstactical.com

#ambit #compass #explorer #gaia gps #garmin #gps #inreach #leadnav #map #mgrs #navigation #suunto

[winelumber05]

100W Home Audio System Shelf Stereo Bluetooth CD USB with Remote

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Sony home audio system MHC-EC619ip shelf stereo cd radio- no remote

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Vintage GPX Compact CD Player Stereo Home Music System AM/FM w/ Power Amplifier

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Sharp CD-DH950 Stereo Home Theater System CD Cassette ipod Dock Tested

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Coby CX-CD375 Micro CD Home Stereo System with AM/FM Tuner New Unused Open Box

The Coby CX-CD375 is a micro CD home stereo system with an open box option. check here This system comes with no wear and tear features, such as a date and time indicator, talk time indicator, and a music player. The Coby CX-CD375 is also equipped with an easy set volume control, andiscount feature, and an input feature. The Coby CX-CD375 is a great system for those who are looking for easy use and durability.

Sony HCD-EC619i Home Audio Stereo System CD iPod Dock AM/FM Receiver Remote

This Sony HCD-EC619i Home Audio Stereo System CD iPod Dock has all the features you need to make your home entertainment life easier. This device comes with a CD player, an FM receiver, and a remote control for easy usage. The CD player can play any CD quality song without issue. The remote control allows you to control the device with a variety of factors such as a TV's remote control, which is ideal for controlling size and power. both the CD player and the FM receiver offer good sound quality How to Build a Stereo Home Audio System For Under $1000www.rollingstone.com � how. The only downside of this device is that it doesn't have a built in TV so you will need to use the TV's grilles for control. Overall, this is a good device that is perfect for those who need a good home audio experience but don't want to worry about taking up valuable space on their computer or TV.

Bluetooth Stereo System Home Radio Music Receiver CD Player Speakers Shelf FM AM

This Bluetooth Stereo System Home Radio Music Receiver CD Player Speakers Shelf FM AM is perfect for your home radio room The Home Stereo System: 10 Of The Best To Enjoy With The Familyradiofidelity.com � best. It has two stereo speakers and can play music or voice call with ease. The speakers are also easily accessible with their own armrest for storage. The Shelf FM and AM radios work together to provide all the music you need while away from home. The Bluetooth interface makes it easy to connect and act as a single unit, while the stereo speakers make it easy to hear in your home.

Bookshelf Stereo System Bluetooth CD Player AM FM Radio Home Audio Black Compact

This bookshelf stereo system features a Bluetooth CD player and an amFM radio. It can be connected to your home audio system through the painless installation process. The system can play digital music and videos. The stereo system has a compact design that can be easily installed.

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How to edit music tracks & extend music

Category:HealthRelease time:2012-09-19Views:130

Since the introduction of digital editors, such as Adobe Audition, it is possible for practically anyone to edit and extend digital music tracks. Whether you want to create a loop, or shorten or lengthen a track, digital editors allow you to alter di

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BaseCamp is topographic map and geographic routing software for your computer that can incorporate data from a Garmin. The Garmin Oregon 550 can automatically create tracks while you're hiking, so you can then connect to your computer and view these

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Computer music applications come in various levels of complexity, from easy-to-use loop and sample-based applications to full-blown professional audio recording suites that require formal training. Fortunately, there are so many options available tha

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Binaural beats induce certain frequencies in the brain of the listener when incorporated into an audio medium. The frequencies generated by the audio track include beta, alpha, theta or delta mind states. Beta represents the everyday waking state, wh

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The "My Flash Fetish" music player provides you with a means to place an MP3 player on your web page for free. The branding placed on the My Flash Fetish player can appear unprofessional. You can work around this by hiding the player on your page. By

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Music is global, and there are always more ways to contribute to our current understanding and appreciation of music. Making an unusual or creative musical instrument requires first studying music and the musical instruments currently available, test

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The Base Plate Inside the music box, there is a mechanism called the "musical movement" that creates the music. The musical movement is made up of several parts. At the bottom of the music box is a base plate (normally made of brass) which supports t

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The Sony PSP gives you the ability to view album covers and music visualisations while you are playing your music. The music visualisation that comes with the PSP can become a little tiring, but you can install an application for the PSP that allows

GPS tracks are the recorded paths of GPS units. Just like standard GPS routes are composed of waypoints, which are used to mark a change of course, GPS tracks employ trackpoints. GPS users can use GPS tracks to map out an area or to design a custom r

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When there are too many violins and not enough violas in your ensemble and you are the extra violinist in question, you may be called upon to play the violist's part. Many orchestral compositions include third-violin pieces that are written in alto,

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Acoustica Mixcraft 5 is a multi-track audio editing and recording program with MIDI capabilities. In this program, you can add effects to your music, record original tracks or manipulate previously recorded tracks. One possible effect is reversing a

Included with Windows 7, Windows Media Player 12 allows you to rip CDs, burn CDs, sync music to your portable devices, convert tracks and to import and edit your track names. As with earlier versions of Windows Media Player, you may use the built-in

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Making karaoke tracks for free at home requires the use of some sound editing software that is not native to Windows. Karaoke tracks are music tracks that do not have vocals included. The idea is to remove vocals from existing MP3 or CD music track.

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If you want to edit videos recorded with Windows Media Center, finding a way to do it can be more than a bit confusing at times. This is usually due to a file format incompatibility issue. Since Windows Media Center saves files in .WTV or .DVR-MS for

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How to edit music tracks & extend music

Since the introduction of digital editors, such as Adobe Audition, it is possible for practically anyone to edit and extend digital music tracks. Whether you want to create a loop, or shorten or lengthen a track, digital editors allow you to alter di

Since the introduction of digital editors, such as Adobe Audition, it is possible for practically anyone to edit and extend digital music tracks. Whether you want to create a loop, or shorten or lengthen a track, digital editors allow you to alter digital pieces of audio and music. With a multitude of digital editors available either for purchase or for free online download, there is a variety of options to choose from when deciding how you want to begin editing digital music.

Things you need

Instructions

1 Identify what you want to use the digital editing equipment for. If your purpose in wanting to edit music and audio is for personal or more novice reasons, consider downloading a free digital editor such as Audacity or Power Sound Editor. While these programs have limited functions, they provide a basic introduction to the world of digital editing. If you are seeking to use your digital editor for a more-professional purpose, start by signing up for free trials of excelled programs, such as Adobe Audition, to determine which program you like before you purchase it.

2 Complete a tutorial of your digital editor to ensure you understand its basic functions. According to Desi Foy, Creative Services Director for Cumulus Radio in Rochester, Minn., the primary facets of editing and extending music tracks include loops, shortening tracks, stretching tracks and adding effects such as reverb, echo, chorus and delay. Once you are comfortable with the program itself, you can begin successfully editing and extending music tracks.

3 Practice the basic functions of music editing and extension. For example, with Adobe Audition, Foy states the most effective way to loop a piece of audio is to use the multitrack function, which allows you to stack audio elements or waves to overlap sections of audio or insert elements into the music that did not previously exist. By utilising the multitrack function, it is much easier to set the length for your loop.

4 When working to shorten tracks, simply trim out the pieces you do not want to include. As you edit this audio out, ensure that you leave seamless transitions between the newly connected pieces of music in the track.

5 For most digital editing programs, stretching a music track involves selecting the proper extend function. While this is a common function, Foy states that there is one vital component of information to understand before attempting this type of digital alteration. With every piece of digital music or audio, there is a distinct limit to how far something can be stretched before it begins to sound distorted and becomes unusable. According to Foy, this limit is entirely dependant on the length of the original track itself. Although there is no concrete guideline, the longer a piece of music is when you start extending it, the more time you can add through stretching.

6 When adding effects to a music track, it is essential to use moderation. As Foy states, "Keep it clean and keep it classy." Including too many effects will distort your music track and destroy the audible integrity of the track itself.

Tips and warnings

Remember that when a music track is properly edited, there is no way to detect where the edit has taken place within the track once the alterations are complete. According to Foy, creating seamless audio transitions is a skill that requires a lot of practice.

All audio-editing programs are different and it is essential to understand the components of each program before undertaking any task.