#the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children

[mcatmemoranda]

My attending was telling me about a pt he has who is a good student and athlete who gets chest pain when he does exercise. He started having syncopal episodes. So he went to peds cardiology, who did an EKG and said it was fine and he would grow out of it. He went to neurology and had MRI and MRA and was told it's nothing neurological. They went to Boston Children's Hospital, who said there was an epsilon wave on his EKG, so they did cardiac MRI and his right heart is larger than the left. The diagnosis hasn't been made yet, but essentially, he can't play sports or exercise anymore and the right side of his heart is going to keep enlarging until he dies from cardiac arrest. So he needs a heart transplant. So sad!

I don't know what an epsilon wave is. So I looked it up.

The epsilon wave is a specific ECG finding for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), which is the second most common cause of unexpected sudden cardiac death in young people after hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

#epsilon #epsilon wave #EKG #peds #syncope

[dongiovannaswife]

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF STAND FEVER EVENT — SPW Naples branch.

Abstract

The pathophysiology and diagnosis of the stand fever event is related to the patient's medical history, linked to the parents' nature as innate or artificial stand users and the capacity of the body to adapt to the virus in a lapse of hours to days. 

In innate stand users, the stand virus lays dormant until the immune system recognizes the virus. Evidence shows distress accelerates this process. In articial stand users, the immediate reaction is mediated by automatic responses. Both cases will produce a new stand user if the body manages to undergo the fever, which has been observed lasts up to two or three days in children, while adults are affected only during one day or thirty-six hours. 

Introduction

The stand fever event is a complicated autoimmune or unexpected reaction characterized by fever and body aches, where the stand virus begins to replicate until it reaches the brain, infecting it. The event is caused by the Alpha1G stand virus, in a direct reaction to the exposure of the agent through the infection with the stand arrow or predisposition through DNA, where one or both parents are stand users. 

During the fever, patients may experience body aches and those around may see changes and fluctuations in the environment. Awakening stands tend to get out of control, given that their users are not aware of their existence yet. 

By the end of the event, patients may be conscious and recall images as well as materialize their stands but might be unable to control them.  

 Types of stand users. 

Innate. Patient’s parents or family are stand users. Therefore, their predisposition to becoming one is up to 85% and the event might occur during childhood. It has been found traumatizing events can trigger the event, as a response to cortisol. 

Artificial. Patient came in contact with the stand arrow. Evidence shows the fever is immediate due to the mechanism of interaction. Patients will undergo the fever according to their age and resistance to the virus. 

Adults and children during stand fever.

It has been found adults will undergo the event during twenty-four up to thirty-six hours with minimal distress. Dehydration must be prevented.

Children, however, can be affected during two or three days, where dehydration is common and fluids must be carefully monitored.

Diagnosis.

Diagnosis has been a complicated aspect, given that most cases occur without medical aid. Since people are unaware of the stand virus' existence, most cases are treated under other sicknesses treatments.

Most diagnosed patients are those from stand users family, where parents sense their children's stands and are able to recognize the episode. Experimented stand users can recognize the event.

Treatment. 

Treatment must be entirely symptomatical. Vital signs, including oxygenation, must be monitored. Fluids must be continually administered.

If vital functions are compromised perform advanced life support.

Mortality.

It has been estimated up to 1,000 out of 100,000 infected patients may pass away during the event. However, investigation is yet to reach and determine the veracity of the data. Dehydration and cardiac arrest are the two causes linked to stand fever event deaths according to the Speedwagon Foundation.

#spw naples branch #JJBA #Jojo no Kimyou na Bouken #jojos bizarre adventure

[illarian-rambling]

Happy WBW! (I'll be responding to your currency question soon! Its late and a question like currency is sure to take me a long time to write about.)

What intoxicating substances do they people of your world use? What culture surrounds them (Think pub culture for example)?

Oh yeah I figured you'd want to take your time on that, don't worry :)

As for intoxicating substances, you've got your standard alcohols. One popular hard liquor that's purely of Illaros is tyri. It's a Nabafyrian drink made of fermented berries and seasoned liberally. Depending on the type of berry and mix of spices, the drink can range from spicy to bitter. The cheap stuff is usually incredibly sweet though, so that's the tyri flavor most people expect.

As for the more exotic stuff, you've got kishra and lhara (aka the only drugs I've come up with so far).

Lhara is the stuff Astra smokes to self-medicate what we would know as adhd. It's basically Adderall-lite in an herbal form. That herb is dried and burned, producing a reddish smoke full of glowing motes. When inhaled by someone without adhd, it causes increased energy and feelings of excitement, followed by jitters, and then a crash. Many scholars in the N'Diki swamp area (where the herb grows) use that energy burst to power through projects. However, lhara is also a common folk remedy for fidgeting, petulance, and impulsivity in children. Its a 50/50 shot as to whether the kid actually has adhd or their parents just thought they were too energetic and were hoping the crash would calm them down. Often, the herb is mixed with a small amount of tobacco, so the child becomes mildly addicted and inhales the smoke more readily. Unsurprisingly, those kids grow up and continue smoking lhara and tobacco into adulthood. In general, lhara is seen as a pretty tame drug used by academics and prescribed by rural doctors.

Kishra is another beast entirely. Initially, it was imported by the Cloud Peoole from a complete other planet - the scorched world of Hal'lah. However, the Unitians quickly learned how to manufacture their own version by using runoff-irradiated cacti from the Araunian desert. The drug appears as either a yellow gel to be rubbed on the gums or a white pill, the gel being the more concentrated form. Kishra gives the user an extreme surge of adrenaline, essentially rendering the user unable to feel pain, while also allowing them to push their body past its breaking point in terms of strength and endurance. The crash is as nasty as the high is glorious, sometimes even ending in cardiac arrest. Kishra is mainly used in Unity's underground fighting rings to provide contestants an extra edge. It's seen as a dangerous drug and something that needs to be cleaned out of society. Funnily enough, this is another drug Astra has done, but only as a last resort to keep fighting with a broken arm. She might be reckless, but she's not stupid. And someone's gotta be damn stupid to use kishra regularly.

And that's about all I've got! Thanks for the ask!

#writing #writerscommunity #writblr #my ocs #author #writing asks

[adryanscott]

Here’s everything I remember from the test😛😛😛

~Which valve opens during diastolic? 🤷🏻‍♀️

~Positioning pt in CHF- sitting position with legs dependent or fowlers? I chose sitting with dependent bcuz it didn’t mention and peripheral edema or swelling so like yahhhh😝

~what stroke is most common hemorrhagic? Don’t remember if it’s which brain stroke is most common or just regular stroke? I chose hemorrhagic 🩸🧠

~do significant Q waves mean mitral valve insufficiency? 🤔

~mitosis/ meiosis #MEHOYMINOY

~relative refractory period & absolute refractory period😬

~mallampati class 1??? 0/10, I have absolutely no idea wtf that is never heard of her who tf is Mallampati??? We don’t know her

~papillary muscles in ❤️

~pericardial tamponade ECG changes

~give glucagon in beta blocker overdoses 💊

~polymorphic ventricular tachycardia med to give: magnesium sulfate (polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is a MeDiCaL tErM🙄for torsades)

~bradykinesa??? 🤨

~if you nasaltracheo intubate a person and meet resistance, do you go in the other nostril? Cuz that’s what I put lolz😝

~binary fission? Idk wtf that is 🤷🏻‍♀️

~pathological Q waves

~ataxic gait… no idea what it is

~a 24 yo female has a 3 cm laceration above her right eye. She smells of alcohol. Vitals are normal. She states “I’m not going to the hospital😡” do you a.)call police to take her to detox b.)transport her to the hospital c.)have her sign a refusal form d.)treat her wound & have her friends take her home (that is literally the entire fucking question- word for word no idea how I remembered it but slaaaay)

~you are responding lights and sirens and see a school bus with its lights on and stop sign out. Do you a.) ensure there’s no children then proceed b.)turn off your lights and sirens, stop, then wait for the bus light’s and stop sign to be off (I put b)

~infant👶🏻 in cardiac arrest v-fib 20,40,80J school or 100, 200, 300, 360? 🤷🏻‍♀️ I did the kg conversion and chose 20,40,60 I can’t remember what the pt. weighed but bcuz they gave the weight in kg that’s why I chose the 20,40,60 kg to J conversion think it’s wrong thou😭

~do significant Q waves mean mitral valve insufficiency 🤔

~which leads for inferior MI will show reciprocally ❓

~reciprocal ECG changes😑

~beta blocker overdose scenario: 20ish yo male, call came in as a suicide call😵 bud lives w/ roommate who called, says bro been feeling depressy. Metoprolol pill bottle found near him (beat blocker drugs), he’s also a diabetic with an insulin pump. He remains unresponsive. One of the possible answers was stop the insulin pump but I didn’t chose that cuz we don’t give insulin in the field so yahhh no stopping pump is what I chose

~APGAR score: baby was moving n crying, ❤️ was 70, peripheral cyanosis and r’s @ like 30-40 I put 9

~inferior MI will show up on which leads: II, III, & avF

~some shit about trismus? dekwtf that is

~ do mast cells cause decreased vascular permeability, vasoconstriction, vasodilation, or sumthjn else I can’t remember 🤷🏻‍♀️ I think it’s vasodilation

Possibly more to come

😛😛😛

What the fuck am I supposed to do with this

#angsty anon😛

[sustainable-sian]

Inherited Heart Conditions

Inherited heart conditions are passed on through families. They’re sometimes called genetic heart conditions or inherited cardiac conditions. They can affect people of any age. If left untreated, some inherited heart conditions can be life-threatening.

What are the symptoms of an inherited heart condition?

Some people with an inherited heart condition have no symptoms, while other people develop symptoms such as:

Dizzy spells

Palpitations

Blackouts

Shortness of breath

For many families, the first sign there’s something wrong is when someone dies suddenly, with no obvious cause. This is known as sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS).

What are the different types of inherited heart condition?

The most common inherited heart conditions are cardiomyopathies and channelopathies.

Inherited cardiomyopathies:

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Channelopathies (which can cause abnormal heart rhythms):

Long QT syndrome (LQTS)

Brugada syndrome

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT)

Progressive cardiac conduction defect (PCCD)

Inherited conditions which increase your risk of heart disease:

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) - very high cholesterol levels

What causes an inherited heart condition?

Your body is made up of trillions of cells. Each cell has a nucleus, containing information that makes you unique. This information is called your genes. We all have between 20,000 and 25,000 different genes each.

Genes affect how we look and how our bodies work, and we inherit them from our parents. Inherited heart conditions are caused by a fault (or mutation) in one or more of our genes. If one of your parents has a faulty gene, there���s a 50:50 chance you could have it too. If you do, then there’s also a 50:50 chance you could pass it on to your children.

It’s possible to have a faulty gene that can lead to a heart condition, but you may never develop any signs or symptoms of the condition itself. If this happens, you can still pass the faulty gene onto your child and there’s no way of knowing how it may affect them.

Testing for an inherited heart condition

A member of your family has an inherited heart condition

There’s a history of cardiac arrests or premature deaths in your family

A death in the family is hard to explain or thought to be caused by a faulty gene

You’ve been diagnosed with angina or had a heart attack at a young age, in which case your doctor may suspect you have FH

Treatment for an inherited heart condition

Treatment for an IHC includes:

Changes to your lifestyle

Medication

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs)

Harvard Referencing:

BRITISHHEARTFOUNDATION. (N/A) Inherited heart conditions. [Online] Available from: https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/inherited-heart-conditions [Accessed: 12th November 2023]

www.youtube.com. (2018). Inherited Heart Conditions. [online] Available at: https://youtu.be/wsLCILJQ18w [Accessed 12 Nov. 2023].

#Youtube

[cprprofessionalsco]

Knowing the Difference Between the Adult and Child CPR

Have you ever tried to learn a skill that, up to today, you don’t know why you started learning in the first place? But for some reason, you fail to remove it from your memory and can’t imagine not knowing how to do it. 

Now try to imagine if that skill is useful, something that might save someone’s life. What skill comes to mind that is proven useful and easy to learn?

Think about it; you’re making a difference when you learn how to perform CPR or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. CPR is a technique that 70% of Americans feel they are not confident enough to perform, even though it makes a difference. 

This technique is something that you should not leave only to medical practitioners as time is key in giving CPR. Immediately Performing it increases a person’s chance of survival threefold. 

Aside from learning the skill of administering CPR, one of the most important aspects is knowing the difference between adult and child CPR.  

Differences in performing adult and child CPR

Why is it important to know the difference in performing CPR on children and adults?

It is a simple yet complicated question to answer. CPR’s principles are still the same regardless of the age of the recipient. The most straightforward answer is their physiology. 

Knowing the main principles of CPR is the first step in understanding the difference between adult and child CPR. The guidelines state that you provide chest compression for blood flow and rescue breathing to give the lungs oxygen. 

As the principle for assisting adults, children or infants remains the same; you should consider certain key differences. With differences pertaining to an adult and a child’s physiology already considered, you should also note the difference between a child and an infant. 

For children/infants, in contrast to an adult, checking their airway is the first step you must take. Their breathing and heartbeat usually stop because of a blockage rather than a cardiac arrest. This issue is often the result of suffocation, choking, or other injury caused by a blockage to their airway. With this knowledge, it is crucial to perform CPR on kids right away as it increases their chance of survival. 

What to do if an Adult, Child, or Infant is unconscious? 

Remember to check if they are unconscious before performing CPR, but determining this on an adult is different from an infant. You can tap or shake an adult but never on an infant. Tapping or flicking the soles of their feet is the most common method to check their responsiveness. 

If you observe no motion, proceed with CPR. 

Just remember that if you have a companion, have them call 911 first. If you’re alone, the scenario changes. For an adult, if it comes to a decision, call 911 first but for infants and children, perform five cycles of compressions and rescue breaths first before contacting 911. 

How to Perform CPR on an Adult, Child, and Infant?

After confirming that the person is unresponsive, make sure they are lying firmly on a flat surface. Perform chest compressions properly as they are highly effective in circulating blood to the victim’s brain and other organs.

The difference between having the knowledge to perform CPR and being trained to perform CPR are worlds apart. Being trained in infant and child CPR makes a significant difference as the likelihood of saving them is high. There is no harm in getting yourself prepared, particularly with statistics showing that you would most likely help your own child at home. 

What better way to start on your path of learning CPR than look for the nearest classes near you. Why not try CPR Professionals’ BLS/CPR classes by checking out their courses?  

#cpr training colorado #cpr training #cpr courses #cpr online courses #cardiopulmonary resuscitation training #Cpr classes #first aid training #BLS Classes #first aid training colorado #online cpr training

[aadicura]

Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention Strategies

The thought of sudden cardiac arrest can stop an Indian in their tracks. And it’s no surprise: this silent killer has been on the rise in India in recent years, and it’s become a major source of concern for the health-conscious population.

Some people believe that sudden cardiac arrest only affects the elderly or the infirm, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. As our cardiologist in Vadodara at Aadicura Superspeciality hospital confirms that with rising stress levels, poor diets, and sedentary lifestyles, even young and seemingly healthy people are at risk.

Let us now understand what is sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?. It is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating. This can happen when the heart’s electrical system malfunctions, causing an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). When the heart stops beating, blood stops flowing to the brain and other vital organs, and if not treated immediately, it can lead to death. Such situations are complex and need urgent attention. Aadicura Superspeciality Hospital is one of the most well-equipped hospitals to handle such medical emergencies efficiently and is considered as one of the Best Heart Hospital in Vadodara.

Unlike a heart attack, which is caused by a blockage in one of the arteries that supply blood to the heart, SCA can happen to people who appear to be healthy and have no previous symptoms of heart disease. SCA can occur in people of any age, including children, and it can happen at any time, including during sleep.

Symptoms of Sudden Cardiac Arrest:

The symptoms of SCA are sudden and may include:

Loss of consciousness

Absence of pulse

Breathing difficulty or gasping for air

Chest pain or discomfort

FAQ’S

How can you prevent sudden cardiac arrest?

There are several ways to prevent sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Here are some strategies:

● Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Engage in regular physical activity, eat a healthy and balanced diet, and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

● Get regular check-ups: Regular check-ups with your doctor can help detect any underlying conditions that could lead to SCA, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or high cholesterol.

● Manage chronic conditions: If you have an existing chronic condition like high blood pressure, diabetes, or high cholesterol, manage these conditions to reduce the risk of SCA.

● Learn CPR: Knowing how to perform CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) can help you respond effectively in an emergency situation and potentially save a life.

● Wear a medical alert bracelet: Wearing a medical alert bracelet that indicates your medical conditions or allergies can help emergency responders provide appropriate care.

● Use an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD): An ICD is a device implanted in the chest that can detect irregular heartbeats and deliver an electric shock to restore a normal rhythm. This device is recommended for people at high risk of SCA. However this requires expert evaluation by a cardiologist who can provide accurate guidance.

● Avoid illicit drug use: Some drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines, can increase the risk of SCA.

● Manage stress: High levels of stress can increase the risk of heart disease, which is a leading cause of SCA. Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as exercise, meditation, or talking with a mental health professional.

● It’s important to remember that while these strategies can help prevent SCA, sometimes it can occur without warning. If you or someone else experiences symptoms of SCA, we advise you to call Aadicura Hospital which is a heart hospital in Vadodara for emergency medical assistance immediately.

Who is at risk of cardiac arrest?

Cardiac arrest can happen to anyone, but there are certain risk factors that increase the likelihood of experiencing a cardiac arrest. Some common risk factors as mentioned by the best heart specialist in Vadodara at Aadicura Superspeciality hospital include:

● Age: The risk of cardiac arrest increases as people get older.

● Gender: Men are more likely to experience cardiac arrest than women.

● Family history: A family history of cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death can increase the risk of cardiac arrest.

● History of heart disease: People with a history of heart disease, such as coronary artery disease, heart attack, or heart failure, are at higher risk of cardiac arrest.

● High blood pressure: High blood pressure can increase the risk of cardiac arrest.

● High cholesterol: High levels of cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of cardiac arrest.

● Diabetes: Diabetes can damage the blood vessels and nerves that control the heart, increasing the risk of cardiac arrest.

● Smoking: Smoking damages the blood vessels and can increase the risk of cardiac arrest.

● Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of heart disease, which can lead to cardiac arrest.

● Physical inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of heart disease, which can lead to cardiac arrest.

What is the reason for sudden cardiac arrest?

Causes:

Heart Disease: Coronary artery disease, heart attack, heart valve disease, or arrhythmia can cause sudden cardiac arrest.

Genetics: Some people may inherit an abnormal heart rhythm, which can lead to SCA.

Electrolyte Imbalance: Electrolytes like potassium and magnesium help to regulate the heart’s rhythm. An imbalance in these electrolytes can cause SCA.

Drug Abuse: Stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines can cause the heart to beat irregularly, leading to SCA.

Trauma: A sudden impact to the chest can cause the heart to stop beating.

Are there warning signs before cardiac arrest?

In many cases, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) occurs without any warning signs or symptoms. However, in some cases, people may experience warning signs before an episode of SCA.

● Chest pain or discomfort

● Shortness of breath

● Heart palpitations

● Dizziness or lightheadedness

● Nausea or vomiting

● Fatigue or weakness

It’s important to remember that these warning signs can also be symptoms of other conditions, so it’s important to seek medical attention if you experience any of them. If you or someone else experiences sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, or loss of consciousness, call for emergency medical assistance immediately at Aadicura Superspeciality hospial, which is considered as one of the best cardiac hospital in Vadodara with team of expert cardiac specialist, multidisciplinary approach and patient centred care.

#Aadicura Superspeciality hospital #cardiologist in Vadodara #cardiac hospital

[shamanz]

WARNING SIGNS OF HERAT ATTACK

Overview, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the signs to watch for before a heart attack happens. These symptoms may signal that your doctor is ready to do an in-depth assessment before you’re rushed into a hospital emergency room.

What are these warning signs?

There are three kinds of heart attacks that medical professionals call ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The first one occurs when your blood pressure drops too low, which causes your heart muscle to work harder than normal as it pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of your body. This can be dangerous because it puts a person at risk for another heart attack or stroke. The second kind causes damage to your heart muscle. Sometimes called STEMI-induced heart failure, this condition is not life-threatening but can cause problems such as fatigue or shortness of breath. And finally, there are those cases in which the ventricular muscle of the heart lifts out of place and ejects blood around your lungs, causing chest pain while pumping blood to your entire body. Each one of these heart attacks has its own set of symptoms. However, they all result from an injury to your heart. If you know what to look for in these different kinds of situations, it will help you avoid serious complications in the future and avoid unnecessary trouble.

A new type of sign during cardiac examinations may mean that your heart isn’t working as well as it should. They have been named after the Greek words meaning “no longer works”; hence the name EKG ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (ST-MI). This heart attack type means that the amount of oxygen being pumped to your brain or muscles by your heart is low. This is caused by plaque buildup inside heart valves or other parts of the heart. It would help if you were able to detect it early. Signs of this kind of problem usually show up on the patient’s ECG like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (ST-MI), prolonged QT prolongation, premature contraction of heart muscles, or T wave flattening on the electrocardiogram. In addition, doctors would also ask about your family history because some types of heart disease may run in families. For example, myocarditis can occur in children.

What are the symptoms the doctor may look for before the diagnosis of a cardiac arrest can be made?

Your local health care team will be able to quickly identify any warning signs before you need more tests like electrocardiography (ECG) or echocardiograms (ECGs). You will also notice that these are important indicators to check for earlier than the main examination that involves waiting for chest x-rays, CT scans of the brain or chest, angiography, or even MRI scans. Since there are many symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, or fatigue after an initial feeling of dizziness or lightheadedness, an EKG or ECG may be done to determine how bad the problem might get. Your physicians may even order a CT scan, CT-A scan or EKG, or an ultrasound of the heart to make sure nothing else is wrong with the heart before they conduct surgery or prescribe medication for a heart attack. When it comes time for urgent care procedures in case of chest discomfort after the initial check, most patients will feel better and then return to a regular activity. Once the problem resolves, they will need to continue their normal routine.

How long does the doctor take to diagnose a heart attack before taking action?

As soon as the first symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, etc., begin showing up, then the exam doctor may start looking for further signs of the same problem that just appeared so he could quickly rule out another possible reason why the patient had a change in his vitals before. Doctors are trained to recognize potential complications before the actual heart attack which means they may have time to act quickly with an appropriate prescription or treatment.

What are the common kinds of cardiovascular disorders that lead people to experience sudden death? There are two major things that could happen when a healthy woman suddenly starts to die of cardiac arrest.read more........

#healthblr

[pediatric-nephrologist]

A Glimpse On Chronic Kidney Disease - Dr. Sidharth Sethi

CKD (chronic kidney disease) is a lifelong condition in which the kidney function slowly declines over many years. It is common in adults but extremely rare in children. It can be caused by a number of conditions affecting the kidney and can present at birth or later on during childhood. All kidney conditions do not cause CKD and all kids with CKD do not always progress to the end stage. It is a complicated disease with a wide spectrum from which full recovery is not possible but timely specialist care can help your child live a long, healthy and wholesome life.

How Would Ckd Affect My Kid’s Life?

In the early stages (1,2,3), most children do not have any symptoms although they might have small shrunken kidneys on imaging or loss of protein in their urine (proteinuria).

In late stages (4,5), the kidneys function worsens and your child may develop any of the following-

FEELING OF ILL-BEING– Your child may lose his appetite, have nausea/vomiting and feel lethargic.

CHANGES IN URINATION- Some kids cannot produce concentrated urine and they pass large amounts of weak urine (almost with all water and few wastes). They often drink lots of water to make up for this loss.

   Other kids are unable to form much urine and pass little.

FLUID OVERLOAD– When kidneys don’t make enough urine, water and salts build up inside the body and cause swelling(edema) in various parts of the body.

ANEMIA- The child looks pale and tired because of reduced hemoglobin, which is an oxygen carrying molecule inside red blood cells (RBCs). This happens because kidneys no longer produce sufficient amount of a substance called erythropoietin which helps in forming RBCs.

BONE DISEASE-Bones become less strong and may fracture. The child can also develop rickets (soft, weak, painful bones) and many bony deformities (bowed legs, curved spine). This is because kidneys are unable to activate vitamin D and maintain normal levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood.

CHANGES IN ELECTROLYTES- Electrolytes are important chemicals needed for healthy body function. In CKD, their levels become abnormal (as kidneys do not function properly) and can result in-

High sodium causes fluid overload and hypertension (↑ blood pressure).

High potassium causes muscle weakness and cardiac arrest (heart attack).

High phosphate and low calcium cause bone disease and muscle cramps.

Low bicarbonate causes a rise in acid levels and low blood pH.

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE– Children with CKD are at risk of developing diseases of heart and blood vessels which might cause sudden death. This can be due to-

Hypertension

Stiffening of blood vessels due to calcium deposition

Cardiac fibrosis (replacement of normal heart substance with scar tissue)

Cardiac arrhythmias (disordered heart beating)

What Tests Would My Child Undergo?

Your pediatrician would run the following battery of tests for further treatment of your child.

1.BLOOD TESTS– A blood sample would be obtained to check for-

GFR-This can be estimated by measuring creatinine levels or by specific   techniques using radioactive chemicals. [Normal GFR>90mL/min/1.73m2]

Electrolyte, protein,sugar,cholesterol levels

Urea and creatinine (waste substances produced in body)

Complete blood count (for anemia)

PTH[(parathormone); tells severity of bone disease]

2. URINE DIPSTICK– A paper strip impregnated with a chemical which will change color when dipped into a urine sample containing protein/blood.

3. IMAGING TESTS-

Ultrasound scan– A safe hand-held device emits sound waves and visualizes the kidneys on the screen.

MCUG/VCUG-This test detects VUR. A dye is injected into the bladder via the urethra and serial X-rays are taken when your child urinates.

MAG-3 scan-This test tells us about kidney function. A chemical is injected into a blood vessel after which a special camera takes pictures showing how much blood gets in and out of the kidneys, and how well kidneys are draining urine.

DMSA scan– This test looks for any structural damage(scars) in the kidneys. A chemical is injected in the blood and images of urinary tract are taken by a camera.

CT scan-Your child would lie on a bed that moves into a tunnel where multiple X-ray images are taken at various angles.

4.RENAL BIOPSY– A small piece of your child’s kidney obtained with a needle is seen under a microscope to find out the exact cause of CKD. Special medicines given at the time of biopsy would make your child sleep so that he/she feels no pain.

How Would My Child Be Treated?

Your child will require specialized medical care from a pediatric nephrologist. It is important that you regularly visit the clinic for follow-up appointments even if your child feels well. At each of these visits, the growth(height,weight) and kidney function of your child would be monitored to avoid any future complications. The medical treatment aims at-

Reducing blood pressure [by low salt diet and medicines]

Slowing protein loss in the urine [by medicines like ACE-I(angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) or ARB(angiotensin receptor blocker)]

Avoiding bone disease [by calcium and vitamin D supplements] 

Controlling anemia [by erythropoietin supplements or blood transfusion]

Healthful living-

Ensure that your child eats at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day. Cut down on his/her sugar and fat intake.

Get him/her plenty of exercise.

Avoid taking common medicines like ibuprofen/diclofenac without higher supervision as they cause further kidney damage.

Many children with progressive disease who develop ESRD would ultimately need dialysis, which uses special equipment to remove waste products and extra water from their body. The best treatment is a kidney transplant, in which a healthy kidney from another person is transplanted into the child. After a successful kidney transplant, the child can live a healthy life, but will need to take medicines to look after the new kidney.

TAG- Child Kidney Doctor in Delhi, Child Kidney Specilist in Delhi 

#Best Kidney Specialist in Delhi #Best Kidney Doctor in Gurgaon

[cprnashvilletn]

Enroll For Healthcare Provider CPR Nashville Guidance

Nowadays, parents, guardians, and even babysitters and childcare providers must be proficient in CPR and first aid. One of the most essential life-saving techniques for babysitting jobs is CPR. It teaches life-saving techniques for assisting victims of cardiac arrest, drowning, and choking. In an emergency, not getting the right assistance could mean death in a matter of minutes. Here are several reasons why babysitters should take a first aid and CPR course.

Why are certifications required for babysitters?

A minor injury could result in a child having a lifelong impairment that they would have to deal with. These straightforward mishaps can cause significant financial difficulties and are frequently preventable. For the majority of parents, their children's safety always comes first, and they never leave them with just anyone. These are additional justifications for the need for CPR and first aid certifications in the babysitting industry. Healthcare Provider CPR Nashville can guide you through its world-class training facilities.

Compared to adults, babies are more prone to accidents:

Children are more prone to be involved in accidents due to their lack of experience and natural curiosity. Suffocation, choking, drowning, falls, wounds, and burns are a few common types of accidents. A youngster may expose herself to circumstances that could be harmful if they are not properly supervised. In these cases, the caregiver must respond as quickly as possible to preserve the victim's life.

With CPR training sessions, you may learn how to handle these situations, preserve the victim's life, and provide them with the treatment they need to avoid further harm. Regarding first aid techniques, children are more sensitive than adults. To avoid further harming the victim, the responder must be knowledgeable of the appropriate procedures.

Additionally, children are unable to communicate in times of crisis. For this reason, the adults should be watchful enough to see any potential emergencies and head them off before they happen. Knowledge of the causes of medical emergencies and how to prevent them is provided by first aid training. Additionally, by removing any potential health risks, a trained babysitter or childcare provider can provide a safer atmosphere for kids.

While some medical emergencies are minor, some are serious and can result in death right away. It is usually preferable to prevent these occurrences from happening for this reason. In addition, children lack the maturity to defend themselves in some situations.

Provides Parents with Peace of Mind:

Every day, numerous youngsters lose their lives as a result of emergencies that could have been prevented. Training programs enable babysitters to improve their abilities to ensure the safety of kids.

Parents can leave their kids in the care of a babysitter who has received first aid training. This occurs as a result of their lack of care for the children's safety. The parents can rely on the babysitter to protect their kids from harm. They are certain the babysitter can respond effectively in case of medical emergencies.

Get in touch with the experts of healthcare provider CPR Nashville for sound tutelage at 600 Old Hickory Blvd., Suite 100B Nashville, TN 37029.

#Healthcare Provider CPR Nashville

[cprkansascity-blog]

The Causes And The Precautionary Tips Of CPR During Summer

Every known heart ailment has the potential to cause cardiac arrest. When an unhealthy heart's electrical system fails, most cardiac arrests take place. A defect like this might result in ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, which are both irregular cardiac rhythms. A severe slowing of the heart's rhythm can also trigger some cardiac arrests (bradycardia).

These irregular heartbeats are dangerous to your life. CPR Overland Park Kansas mentors provide world-class tutelage to the participants to deal with the remedial measures before the arrival of the paramedics.

Additional reasons for cardiac arrest include:

The     heart's tissue may become scarred as a result of a previous heart attack     or another factor. Ventricular arrhythmias, which can be fatal, are more     likely to develop in a heart that has been damaged or enlarged for     whatever reason. In patients with atherosclerotic heart disease, the first     six months following a heart attack are a high-risk time for sudden     cardiac arrest.

Heart     muscle damage, also known as cardiomyopathy or thickened heart muscle, can be caused by heart valve dysfunction, excessive blood pressure, or other conditions. Your risk of suffering a sudden cardiac arrest may increase if     you have a damaged heart muscle, especially if you also have heart failure. Get more information about cardiomyopathy.

Under some circumstances, various heart medications may be able to facilitate arrhythmias that result in sudden cardiac arrest. Significant fluctuations in blood levels of potassium and magnesium (from using diuretics, for example) can sometimes result in life-threatening arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.

Electrical disorders, such as Wolf-Parkinson, White Syndrome, and Long QT Syndrome, can lead to abrupt cardiac arrest in children and adolescents.

The aorta and coronary arteries are the most common sites for these uncommon occurrences. These anomalies might cause abrupt cardiac arrest when  adrenaline, which is generated during vigorous physical activity, is present.

The use of recreational drugs can happen to otherwise healthy persons.

Summer Safety Tips

Even though summer is a season for fun, relaxation, and leisure, it can also put our hearts at greater risk. An average of 33 drowning occurs daily in the United States, with one-third of these being deadly. Extreme heat may increase cardiac arrest incidences. The ability to do CPR could be the difference between life and death for someone experiencing cardiac arrest or drowning. A person in cardiac arrest may have a double or tripled chance of surviving if CPR is administered quickly.

It's crucial to receive CPR training since summertime activities expose people of all ages to greater hazards. Your loved one's life might be in your hands.

The American Heart Association advises the following to get ready for a safe summer:

Learn CPR: The American Heart Association advises rescue breathing in addition  to compressions for drowning victims.

Study swimming: For kids between the ages of one and four, drowning is the second-most common cause of death.

Family Security Plan: Everyone in the family needs to be certified in CPR.

You can always enroll yourself at CPR Overland Park Kansas for all-around comprehensive training as per the latest guidelines framed by The American Heart Association.

#CPR Overland Park Kansas

[cprindianapolis]

Why Parents Ought To Take A Basic Life Support Course?

The most common cause of death for children of all ages, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is an accident-related accidental injury. Choking incidents, almost drowning incidents, falls, poisoning incidents, sports injuries, and other traumatic events commonly involve youngsters. All of these have the potential to cause cardiac arrest, which results in the child losing their ability to breathe be cognizant, and/or have a beating heart.

Unfortunately, a lot of parents lack the knowledge necessary to care for their children in the event of an emergency or to assist them while they wait for emergency medical services (EMS) to come. But every second counts if a child is experiencing cardiac arrest. Parents who have received a Basic Life Support (BLS) certification are aware of how to act quickly to improve their child's chances of surviving and making a full recovery. BLS for healthcare providers Indianapolis is an institution of repute that also provides tutelage to healthcare professionals.

In the event of an emergency, training can equip parents with the information and abilities to assist their children. Obtaining your certification if you have kids may one day save the life of a child, perhaps even your own.

Arguments in support of Basic Life Support training for parents

The skills taught in the course can be learned by anyone, even though it is frequently associated with healthcare professionals. To guarantee their child's survival in the event of an emergency, parents in particular might profit from this knowledge.

Reduce parental anxiety

Your mental health and the certainty that you can assist your child in any situation can be greatly improved by feeling confident in your parenting abilities and knowing what to do in an emergency. Parents with BLS training can spot the warning signs of a medical emergency and possess the abilities needed to intervene. In a recent study, parents of kids who had an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) received tutelage after their kid was released from the hospital. Every parent who received their BLS certification said that the experience was "useful" and that their anxiety levels had decreased.

The majority of accidents happen at home

Most kids are inquisitive, courageous, and adventurous. Even when exploring their world, they may not always be aware of the risks involved. According to statistics, children's accidents tend to happen most frequently at home and are a major factor in catastrophic injuries, permanent disabilities, and avoidable fatalities.

Even though many accidents cannot be avoided, some can. A child's life or death depends on knowing what to do in the event of an accident. You'll take all reasonable steps as a parent to protect and take care of your child. You may contribute to keeping your child secure and healthy for many years to come by having your Basic Life Support certification, even in the case of an accident or emergency.

BLS for healthcare providers Indianapolis can help you with career progression if you belong to the healthcare industry. Get in touch to excel in your career by visiting the site.

#BLS for healthcare providers Indianapolis

[onenettvchannel]

A Lightning Strike in Alabama killed one farming Cow in Autauga County

AUTAUGAVILLE, ALABAMA -- A black cattle cow was struck and killed late Sunday afternoon (May 15th, 2022 - Alabama local time) at a family-owned farm of the Autauga Farming Company Inc. (AFCI) as per localized rain shower and thunderstorms happening first in Autauga County. Andy Wendland runs and operates the said company, along with his family themselves.

In a Facebook post via its syndicated press release, Wendland's family was wrapping up a get-together Sunday night but, one cow was killed outside from a lightning strike. Among other cows were safe as a pre-caution. "We were in the midst of wrapping up a family gathering. It had been raining with some thunder. We were all safely inside with children and grandchildren, when we heard this loud 'BOOM' of thunder, very close by. Emma Wendland looked up just in time to see one of our cows fall over in the pasture. The cow had been struck by lightning, and fell dead on the spot, within a hundred yards of our front porch. We have never had one hit this close to our home".

According to the National Weather Service (NWS) in America, the odds of being struck by lightning like a lottery for example are extremely low around 1 in a million. The most common cause of death related to lightning had been resulting in a cardiac arrest at that time of the said strike.

Wendland wants to remind people about taking shelter during a severe weather.

The United States Centers for Disease Control (US-CDC) advises people to the public, "When thunder roars, go indoors". Officials said if going inside isn’t feasible, people should crouch and get as close to the ground as possible, but never seek shelter under a tree for now.

NWS says lightning kills about 20 people each year in the United States alone and hundreds more are injured. Autauga County is located near 20 miles northwest after Prattville.

PHOTO COURTESY: Autauga Farming Company Inc. via FB Photo

SOURCE: *https://www.facebook.com/162731527078607/posts/5424038540947853 [Referenced FB Photo from AFCI] *https://www.foxla.com/news/lightning-kills-cow-on-the-spot-prompting-warning-from-farmer [Referenced News Article #1 from KTTV's FOX 11: Los Angeles] *https://www.sacbee.com/news/nation-world/national/article261488222.html [Referenced News Article #2 from the Sacramento Bee] and *https://www.newsweek.com/lightning-strike-kill-15-cows-stormy-weather-1588902 [Referenced News Article #3f from Newsweek]

-- OneNETnews Team

#international news #autaugaville #alabama #autauga farming company #lightning strike #cow #animal #awareness #farming #weather #agriculture #OneNETnews

[rubygeneralhospital]

Heart Hospital in Kolkata: Children's Heart Blocks: Risk Factors And Treatment

Heart muscles are involuntary muscles, meaning that they are not under conscious control and work through the control of the central nervous system. In order to pump blood, the muscle must be ordered to contract each time the heart beats. An upper part of the heart sends this signal to the lower part of the heart.

Cardiac block is a situation in which the heart signal slows or stops entirely.Child's heart rate can be severely affected by the condition. In this condition, the heartbeat is affected as well.Depending on the severity and stage of the issue and the amount of signal the heart receives, there are three degrees of heart block according to the heart surgery hospital in Kolkata.

·    First degree heart block- The heart receives slower signals but pumps blood regularly. The diagnosis of a heart block of this degree can be difficult. In addition to age, other illnesses, etc., other factors may determine whether treatment is necessary.

·    Two-degree heart block - Some of the signals that should reach the heart do not reach it. Other signals are also slow. It is common for the heart to miss a few beats and have irregular rhythms when it is affected by this condition.

·    The third degree of heart block– Now this can be fatal, which is the highest level of heart block. Due to the lack of signals, the heart rate drops extremely low.

Heart Block: Signs and Symptoms

As per the best heart hospital in kolkata the severity of the heart block and the child's age can affect the symptoms. Among the most common signs and symptoms of Heart Block in children are –

·    Chest pain that occurs frequently

·    Tiredness and exasperation

·    Breathing difficulties

·    Rapid heartbeat

·    Feeling dizzy and faint

·    Nausea

Third-degree heart block can cause life-threatening symptoms. If your child exhibits any of the following symptoms, it is advisable to take him/her to Ruby General Hospital, the best heart hospital in kolkata.

·    Dizziness and fainting

·    Cardiac Arrest

·    An irregular heartbeat

The Causes Of Heart Block In Children

A child's heart block can be caused by a number of factors. Children with congenital heart blocks often suffer from the condition. Congenital heart blocks may be caused by a birth defect formed during the formation of the body or by autoimmune diseases passed from mother to child. It is difficult to determine the exact cause of birth defects.

Children can also acquire a heart block during childhood, though it is less common. Ruby General Hospital, heart surgery hospital in Kolkata says that the causes of developing a heart block in childhood include the following:

·    Conditions affecting the muscles

·    Differing medications

·    Genetic changes

·    Post-operative complications

·    Other heart diseases

Heart Block Diagnosis

 A Paediatric cardiologist can diagnose heart block by listening to your child's heart rate. If your doctor suspects something is wrong, he or she will prescribe tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. The wave patterns produced by the heart's electrical impulses might identify any problems.

 The Treatment Of Heart Block

In most cases of first-degree heart block, children do not require surgery. Heart blocks may be able to be resolved or improved if an underlying issue is treated. If your child has a second- or third-degree heart block, he or she may require a pacemaker. Furthermore, you can visit Ruby Hospital, the best heart surgery hospital in Kolkata for any kind of emergencies.

#Heart Hospital in Kolkata

[cprclassnashville]

Learn Holistically Through In-Depth Approach From CPR Nashville

Heart ailments seem to be the major ailments in the United States causing a higher number of demise. While heart attacks, cardiac arrest, and other life-threatening illnesses are more common in the elderly, they can strike anyone at any time. This is why CPR certification is crucial. Having an army of people ready to respond to such circumstances while an ambulance is on its way saves lives.

CPR certification is becoming increasingly popular among offices, health teams, and interested individuals, whether as a result of government regulations or simply to improve their life. Although the rising interest is excellent news for those who are at risk of heart disease, busy professionals often struggle to find the time to complete a full CPR course and training. CPR Class Nashville answers by providing certification courses that are easily accessible and cost-effective.

CPR

CPR is something we've all heard of, but how many of us are familiar with it? You can learn how to do CPR on adults, children, and infants in the CPR Class Nashville certification course.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a set of techniques used to resuscitate someone who has drowned, had a stroke or cardiac arrest or suffered a heart attack. Since these are life-or-death circumstances, a thorough comprehension of the approaches is required.

The entire course also includes AED training. It stands for Automated External Defibrillator training and will teach participants how to operate one of the most critical medical devices accessible today. AED training, which was designed to be used as a follow-up technique after CPR, is still saving lives today. People performing pulmonary resuscitation attempt to restore a pulse and regular breathing to those who have passed out. There is considerably more to the training than this, including how to properly identify a victim, how to apply the approach to different age groups, and certification holders' legal rights. In the end, a good resuscitation certification course will comprehensively cover all of the elements and leave you feeling secure in your ability to act appropriately in an emergency.

Certification

Your certification is a testimony that verifies your training and authorizes you to perform CPR on people who are in need. You must receive your documents from a trustworthy source. Obtaining the correct certification is critical since individuals who are not properly qualified may not adhere to government standards and may not be protected by the Good Samaritan laws that are so important to caregivers.

Validity

The validity of the tutelage remains for 2 years and needs to be further extended by pursuing the Re-certification course. This re-certification also helps the mentors to update their knowledge level in case there have been any new incorporations. The attendees grasp a lot from the stress-free engagement that encourages them to get professionally equipped and pragmatic thinking in handling real-life issues.

#CPR Class Nashville certification

[tommyru]

Tempted to have genetic test? First ask why

https://www.linkedin.com/company/bgigenomics

When it comes to wellness as well as condition-- as well as, obviously, many other facets of life-- one thing is specific: genetics matter. A single genetics mutation can trigger some conditions, such as sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis. More frequently, several genes are associated with condition growth, and also they act jointly with nongenetic aspects, such as diet plan or workout, to influence condition threat.

A number of business supply you the chance to check out your genes. But how might that help you from a wellness perspective? And also just how do such examinations vary from the genetic testing a doctor may recommend?

Consider the instance of domestic hypercholesterolemia (FH), a problem in which numerous variations of numerous different genes cause noticeably high cholesterol. This considerably boosts the threat of heart attack, stroke, as well as other health problems. FH impacts regarding one in 300 adults, which implies it isn't unusual. Among adults who have one of the most common genetic versions that create it, cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death may happen in midlife. Children that have a double dosage of a gene variation connected to this condition may die of cardiovascular disease prior to age 20. Earlier treatments meant to reduce the danger of difficulties, such as cholesterol-lowering medications, are available if a kid or adult is understood to have actually an anomaly linked to FH.

Genetic test gets on the rise

In recent years, there's been a significant rise in genetic screening. It was almost unusual only a few years ago. Currently, you or someone you know has likely had genetic screening within the in 2014 or more.

And while doctor can now get even more genetic examinations for their clients than in the past, you don't need a medical professional's order to request this. 23andMe, BGI China, and also a variety of other testing business prepare and also going to inspect your genes for variations connected with specific health conditions, along with your family members origins. As a matter of fact, investing on direct-to-consumer genetic testing is forecasted to get to $2.5 billion within the next couple of years.

Is all of this testing helpful?

For some people, the response is plainly of course. When carried out precisely, genetic examinations can reveal a condition or a tendency to create specific problems, as well as it can lead to shut relatives getting tested as well. Safety nets or treatment can be lifesaving. Right here are 4 instances (though there are a lot more).

Hemochromatosis. This is a hereditary problem in which too much iron is taken in from the diet. The additional iron can hurt crucial organs like the heart as well as liver. Once an individual is identified, phlebotomy (blood removal, similar to what occurs during blood donation) as well as preventing iron supplements can avoid major issues such as diabetes as well as liver failing.

Prenatal screening. For people intending pregnancy or who are already expecting, hereditary testing is readily available to check for a substantial variety of conditions, such as cystic fibrosis and also Down syndrome.

Cancer. A number of genetics are understood to increase the risk of particular cancers cells. Checking might be specifically crucial for individuals with a family history of these cancers cells. Maybe one of the most well-known are BRCA mutations, which raise the danger of breast, ovarian, as well as several other sorts of cancer cells.

Individuals who don't recognize their family members's case history. As an example, an individual that is embraced and also has no details concerning family clinical troubles might discover they are at boosted threat of an avoidable disease, such as heart disease or colon cancer.

In these situations, understanding you may create a problem or are a carrier can assist guide treatment, as well as may educate life decisions or encourage you or various other member of the family to think about genetic counseling.

However the response can likewise be no. Results of genetic testing may give details you already understand, may be unhelpful, or might even be misleading. As an example, testing could expose that you have a hereditary mutation that rarely creates any type of illness. Understanding that you have this mutation might not aid you-- though it might alarm system you. Or, learning you're at enhanced threat for developing Alzheimer's condition late in life may be extra distressing than useful, as there are presently no dependably reliable precautionary therapies.

What regarding the prices of genetic test?

Gene test may have greater than one type of cost. A genetic test purchased by your doctor for a certain clinical reason might be covered by your medical insurance, but it's not likely that an over the counter test will certainly be. And also, as one business states on its internet site, "knowing about genetic risks can affect your capability to obtain some kinds of insurance coverage."

A study on screening for a genetic cholesterol problem has some unexpected results

A 2021 study published in the medical journal JAMA Cardiology demonstrates how direct-to-consumer testing may be deceptive.

The scientists took a look at hereditary screening for familial hypercholesteremia. They compared the arise from a comprehensive panel of genetic screening gotten by medical professionals (which included greater than 2,000 gene variants) with arise from the extra limited hereditary screening (24 versions) offered by 23andMe.

Among greater than 4,500 people checked for a medical factor, such as examining a suddenly high cholesterol degree, the extra minimal testing would certainly have missed out on crucial genetic variants for

almost 70% of study individuals

almost 94% of Black and also 85% of Hispanic people

about a third of Ashkenazi Jewish individuals.

This recommends that a great deal of individuals would be wrongly assured by the outcomes of their hereditary tests for FH if they count on the sort of screening supplied by a prominent over the counter product. And outcomes might be specifically unreliable among persons of color.

The bottom line

It holds true that you can not pick your genetics. However thanks to an ever-expanding food selection of options, you can select your tests. In a lot of cases, it's ideal to assess your choice to have genetic screening with your physician before having it done. You may choose to see a hereditary counselor concerning the ramifications of testing prior to you enter and also let your doctor do the testing, as opposed to buying it yourself. Or, you might make a decision the very best plan is no screening in all.

Click to know more about BGI gene test products if you are interested.

#BGI #gene #test