#the schism of 1378

[be-queer-do-arson]

I do think kevaaron is a step up from Kevin and Thea's fucked up relationship, but personally, my ideal Kevin ship is Kevin x someone who knows absolutely nothing about exy and doesn't really care to. I want Kevin to spend some quality time in therapy, continue unlearning his "exy is the only thing that matters im not valuable without my talent" mentality, then fall in love with someone gives zero fucks about his sports stats but loves listening to his opinions on the schism of 1378

#imagine he falls in love with some random guy from his history class #who's just a deeply average soccer player who's never even seen an exy game #the sheer comedy of it all #anyways kevin x ''just some guy'' will always be my favorite ship #kevin day #aftg #all for the game #the foxhole court #not hating on kevaaron btw i just think this is funnier

[tweedstoat]

I hope the whole Liz Truss situation ends up like the Papal Schism of 1378 with 3 different claimaints asserting their right to lead the UK conservative party but one of them randomly heads their faction from Avignon, France.

#liz truss #uk politics #what on earth is going on in the house of commons

[glavilio]

Timeline of competing Popes during the Papal Schism of 1378 & Timeline of active members in POND

[script-a-world]

Submitted via Google Form:

I'm trying to come up with a government system for my fictional world that has three powers at the head of it (like when you think of a typical king+queen, except it's three people but all share the same power) but trying to figure out how to divide the duties? That might be just story stuff, but I'm trying to figure out how that might work and not have things getting overlapped as much because the goal is to not have the three butting heads if there is disagreement.

Tex: So Rome tried this twice - the First Triumvirate with Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gaius Julius Caesar (Wikipedia), and the Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian (Wikipedia). The former lasted from approximately 59 to 49 BCE, falling apart piece by piece due to various wars, invasions, and rebellions. The latter lasted from approximately 43 to 32 BCE, and also resulted in the assassination of Caesar and a civil war.

Another attempt at multi-party rulership over a kingdom (ish) also happened in Europe, but between a pope in Rome, a pope in Avignon, and a third party entering the fray from Pisa, constituting what we now know of as the Western Schism of 1378-1417 (Wikipedia).

Of interest is also the Warring States period (Wikipedia), and its subsequent Spring and Autumn period (Wikipedia). It’s not exactly the same situation as the triumvirates or schism in western Europe, but the infighting is a familiar theme nonetheless. Butting heads is going to be an inherent feature of any government, even if it only has one head of state. What’s going to matter for inter-generational stability is developed protocols for resolving internal disputes, in order to make sure the people served by the government are properly taken care of and able to live their lives with as little disruption as possible from politics.

Licorice: Make one the head of the law-making body, one the head of the supreme court, and one in charge of the day-to-day administration of government. Wherever more than one person is involved in any decision-making process, there will always be disagreement, so you need some kind of official process for resolving disputes amicably, and an ethos where losing gracefully is a valued quality in a leader. You also need to put some kind of apparatus in place to make sure no single one of these three can take control of the state’s army. 

Source: Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Law.’’

Wootzel: Do you want your three heads to be roughly equal in power (insofar as they can be while having different domains)? While I’m no history buff, I’m aware that lots of king & queen monarchies weren’t equal in power in the slightest. Often, the queen was just a public figure and bearer of heirs, who did have SOME power based on having connections to lots of powerful people and/or bending the king’s ear, but her official powers might be limited or zilch. 

A power dynamic that you might want to take some inspiration from is the one between various European kings and the Pope. At various points in history, the head of the church had power rivaling the king’s, because the king was considered to be the ruler by the will of God, and if the head of the main religious body thought the king was acting out of line (or could convince others he was, at any rate), the king’s legitimacy could be threatened. 

#google submitted #government

[lizbethborden]

i just looked up your new url and am fascinated. please spill your thoughts!

There's a few different things I'm really enamored with re: Ermine:

She's one of the few lower-class women in history to leave something behind for us. The majority of women across time have been poor, which very often meant illiterate, and leaving virtually nothing behind in the historical record; we might have some little things in the material record, i.e. objects that they owned, but we very rarely get direct experiences of their thoughts or voices. Ermine is, unfortunately, mediated for us through Jean le Graveur, her confessor, who had political and personal goals of his own, but despite that she comes across as having a distinct character, concerns, and interests and gives us a sense of what a woman of her time and class might have known and understood about the world. For example, she apparently knew enough about the Schism of 1378 to have an interest in Jean de Varennes, a controversial and charismatic hermit of her time who preached to large crowds about the divided papacy. One sequence that Jean le Graveur records is evidently him using a veneer of demonic visitation and intervention to cover up the fact that Ermine, of her own free will, went to hear Jean de Varennes preach.

The character of her demonic visitations is so interesting and shows a really deep concern with sexuality and the body. Ermine wasn't a lifelong virgin or celibate, unlike many holy women; she was a widow who had been married for years before the death of her husband. She has visitations from demons who have sex in front of her, who lie in bed with her and either try to have sex with her or sometimes just sleep naked next to her (as, one imagines, her husband used to do), male and female demons both try to entice her into sex etc. Her ascetic practices also point to a preoccupation with her body as a focus of self-loathing/disgust/sin. She tied a rope around her middle and cinched it tightly so it would hurt, and wore it for so long that it went past the point of just rubbing her skin raw: her skin actually started to grow over it. Wack! She had to tie the end of the rope to a door and yank herself away to get it out, partially flaying herself. This one really freaked out Jean le Graveur.

I have kind of a working theory on something I'm calling the "hysterical dyad." I started talking (to myself) about it after I read The Haunting of Alma Fielding, which is a nonfiction book about parapsychologist Nandor Fodor, who got sucked in by a hoax medium named (what else) Alma Fielding in 1930s England. I'm really interested in and curious about the pattern, throughout time and in different cultures, of the "hysterical" (or holy, or demon-visited, or ghost-struck, etc.) woman and her male interpreter (confessor, doctor, psychologist). I think it speaks to the very old divide in, I guess you'd call it Euro-western culture (and I talked a bit about this in the ask I answered a while back about Angela Carter) which separates woman onto the side of emotional, material, body, feeling, and man onto the side of rational, logical, culture, brain, such that it's been the male role, when it comes to unique, astonishing, or unusual women, to interpret them into intelligibility. This is also related to the male power of naming. It's an interesting, I suppose I would call it, literalization of the patriarchal male role throughout culture, which is to reorganize and subordinate the world, i.e. nature, i.e. woman through naming, articulation, analysis, and definition.

Thank you for asking!

#body horror / #ermine de reims

[jameslmartellojr]

SEDEVACANTISTS

The reason you do not hear about Sedevacantists being excommunicated rests in the fact that the penalty of schism is incurred automaticly in canon law. For a Catholic to incur a latae sententiae pentalty all the conditions in canon 1323 must be met first. The concept of latae sententiae has no parallel in modern criminal law in most countries; but in a nutshell, a person who incurs a latae sententiae penalty does so ipso facto, without any judge or ecclesiastical authority imposing it on him.

In the 1983 Code of Canon Law (CIC) eight other sins carry the penalty of automatic excommunication: apostasy, heresy, schism (CIC 1364:1), violating the sacred species (CIC 1367), physically attacking the pope (CIC 1370:1), sacramentally absolving an accomplice in a sexual sin (CIC 1378:1), consecrating a bishop without authorization (CIC 1382), and directly violating the seal of confession (1388:1). - Apart from abortion, are there other sins that incur automatic excommunication?

From a Catholic perspective this is a logical conclusion when dealing with sedevacantists. How can one be in full communion with the Universal Catholic Church, if you refuse to acknowledge the pope, the Magisterium of the Church and the leaders of the Catholic Church and yet remain in full communion with the entire Catholic Church.

#catholic #catholicism #christianity #spiritual warfare #jesus christ #blessed virgin mary #exorcist #our lady #sedevacantists #sedevacantism #excommunication #excommunicated #pope #magisterium #magisterial teaching #church

[frmartinshomiliesandreflections]

29th April >> Fr. Martin’s Gospel Homilies / Reflections on Matthew 11:25-30 for the Feast of Saint Catherine of Sienna: ‘Come to me, all you who labour and are overburdened’.

Feast of Saint Catherine of Sienna

Gospel (Except USA)

Matthew 11:25-30

You have hidden these things from the wise and revealed them to little children.

Jesus exclaimed, ‘I bless you, Father, Lord of heaven and of earth, for hiding these things from the learned and the clever and revealing them to mere children. Yes, Father, for that is what it pleased you to do. Everything has been entrusted to me by my Father; and no one knows the Son except the Father, just as no one knows the Father except the Son and those to whom the Son chooses to reveal him.

   ‘Come to me, all you who labour and are overburdened, and I will give you rest. Shoulder my yoke and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. Yes, my yoke is easy and my burden light.’

Gospel (USA)

Matthew 11:25-30

You have hidden these things from the wise and the learned and have revealed them to the childlike.

At that time Jesus responded: “I give praise to you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, for although you have hidden these things from the wise and the learned you have revealed them to the childlike. Yes, Father, such has been your gracious will. All things have been handed over to me by my Father. No one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and anyone to whom the Son wishes to reveal him.

   “Come to me, all you who labor and are burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am meek and humble of heart; and you will find rest for yourselves. For my yoke is easy, and my burden light.”

Reflections (6)

(i) Feast of Saint Catherine of Sienna

Born in 1347, Catherine entered the Dominican Third Order at the age of eighteen and spent the next three years in seclusion, prayer, and austerity. Gradually, a group of followers gathered around her, men and women, priests and religious. An active public apostolate grew out of her contemplative life, working with the sick, the poor, prisoners and plague victims. In 1378, the Great Schism began, splitting the allegiance of Christendom between two, then three, popes. She spent the last two years of her life in Rome in prayer, pleading on behalf of the cause of Pope Urban VI and the unity of the Church. She offered herself as a victim for the Church in its agony. She died surrounded by her followers and was canonized in 1461. A contemplative, her life of prayer expressed itself in the loving service of those in need. A mystic, she involved herself as a peacemaker and a reconciler in the great affairs of church and state of the day. In the words of today’s first reading she lived her life in the light, in God who is light, and brought the light of God’s reconciling love to her broken church and world. Today’s gospel reading gives us an insight into the prayer of Jesus, ‘I bless you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth..’. Jesus’ communion with God in prayer directs him to those who labour and are overburdened, inviting them to come to him and receive the gift of rest, the revival of their drooping spirits. This two fold dynamic of prayerful communion with God and loving service of the broken and needy that shaped the life of Jesus also shaped the life of Catherine. It is to shape all of our lives.

And/Or

(ii) Saint Catherine of Siena

Catherine was a mystic, and like other great mystics, she enjoyed an intimate relationship with Christ. In the gospel reading, Jesus declares that ‘no one knows the Son except the Father’. Yet, Jesus also declares in that gospel reading that the Father reveals these things to mere children. The Father reveals the Son to those who become like little children, those who, like Catherine, are deeply aware of their dependence on God and are completely open to all that God can give us. We are all called to know the Son as the Father does; in that sense, we are all called to be mystics to some degree. The Lord’s invitation, ‘Come to me, all who labour and are overburdened’, is addressed to all of us. He calls out to all of us to come to him, to come to know and love him as he knows and loves us. Catherine’s mysticism did not withdraw her from the world; she was deeply involved in what was happening in Europe and in the church in her time. After a profound mystical experience she had a sense of Christ calling her to serve the wider world and universal church. She commenced her role as a public figure, dictating hundreds of letters to popes, monarchs and other letters of note. When the Lord calls us to himself it is not to take us out of the world but to send us into the world afire with the flame of his love.  

 And/Or

(iii) Saint Catherine of Siena

Catherine was one of the great mystics of the church. She was born in 1347 and died in 1380, at the age of thirty three. At a young age, she decided to give herself to the Lord, and she resisted the attempts of her family to find her a good husband. Rather than joining a religious order, she became a Dominican tertiary. After a three year period of prayer and seclusion she set about serving her neighbours, distributing alms to the poor, ministering to the sick and to prisoners. After a profound mystical experience she had a sense of Christ calling her to serve the wider world and universal church. She commenced her role as a public figure, dictating hundreds of letters to popes, monarchs and other letters of note. She also wrote her great work, the Dialogues, describing the contents of her mystical conversations with Christ. Catherine’s mysticism did not withdraw her from the world; she was deeply involved in what was happening in Europe and in the church in her time. She persuaded Pope Gregory XI to return to Rome from Avignon. She insisted that the Pope’s place was beside the bones of the martyrs. Shortly after his return, Pope Gregory died. He was succeeded by Pope Urban VI who turned out to be a disastrous Pope. The cardinals regretted their decision and elected a second Pope but could not persuade Pope Urban to retire. The church now had two Popes, one in Rome and one in Avignon, a situation that was to last for several decades. Catherine remained faithful to Urban, in spite of his faults, because he had been duly elected. She was convinced that the wound in the body of Christ could only be healed by great sacrifice. She prayed that she might atone for the sins of the church, and shortly afterwards collapsed and died. Catherine stood out as a beacon of light in a dark time. That is the calling of each one of us. We are all called to be mystics to some degree. The Lord’s invitation, ‘Come to me, all who labour and are overburdened’, is addressed to us all. He calls out to all of us to come to him, to know and love him as he knows and loves us. In calling us to himself he also sends us into the world afire with the flame of his love.

 And/Or

(iv) Feast of Saint Catherine of Siena

Catherine was one of the great mystics of the church. She was born in 1347, the daughter of a prosperous wool dyer, and died in 1380, at the age of thirty three. At a young age, she decided to give herself to the Lord, and she resisted the attempts of her family to find her a good husband. She insisted that she was betrothed to Christ. Eventually, her father relented. Rather than joining a religious order, she became a Dominican tertiary. For a three year period she devoted herself to prayer and seclusion. Early on in this period, she was tormented by doubt, but this gave way to mystical encounters with Christ. After three years, she began the second great phase of her career. She set about serving her neighbours, distributing alms to the poor, ministering to the sick and to prisoners. She began gathering a group of followers about herself, men and women, priests and religious. After a profoundly mystical experience she had a sense of Christ calling her to take a further step, to serve the wider world and universal church. She commenced her role as a public figure, dictating hundreds of letters to popes, monarchs and other leaders of note. She also wrote her great work, the Dialogues, describing the contents of her mystical conversations with Christ. These writings were dictated by her as she only learnt to write towards the very end of her life. It is evident that Catherine’s mysticism did not withdraw her from the world. She was deeply involved in what was happening in Europe and in the church in her time. Because of the chaos and dangers of Rome, the Popes had left Rome for Avignon. She worked to persuade Pope Gregory XI to return to Rome from Avignon. She insisted that the Pope’s place was beside the bones of the martyrs. Her mission in person to the Pope was a surprising success. Shortly after his return, Pope Gregory died. He was succeeded by Pope Urban VI who turned out to be a disastrous Pope. The cardinals regretted their decision and elected a second Pope but could not persuade Pope Urban to retire. The church now had two rival  Popes, one in Rome and one in Avignon, a situation that was to last for several decades. Catherine remained faithful to Urban, in spite of his faults, because he had been duly elected. She was convinced that the wound in the body of Christ could only be healed by great sacrifice. She prayed that she might atone for the sins of the church, and shortly afterwards collapsed and died. Catherine stood out as a beacon of light in a dark time in Europe and in the church. She was such a light because of her deeply personal and mystical relationship with Jesus. The Lord’s invitation, ‘Come to me, all who labour and are overburdened’, was one she responded to every day of her life. Her life shows us very clearly that the life of faith has both an inward and outward dimension. The Lord calls out to all of us to come to him, to know and love him as he knows and loves us. In calling us to himself he also sends us into the world afire with the flame of his love. Pope Paul VI declared her a Doctor of the Church in 1970. In doing so he was stating that her life and writings have something important to say to the church of every generation.

 And/Or

(v) Feast of Saint Catherine of Siena

When Jesus declares in today’s gospel reading, ‘my yoke is easy and my burden light’, he is saying that his teaching, his understanding of God’s will, is not something burdensome. Rather, his teaching is liberating and life-enhancing. If his teaching is received and lived, it lightens the burden of oppression; it brings joy. That is not to say that Jesus’ teaching is not demanding. His teaching is demanding but not burdensome. That is because Jesus does not ask us to live his teaching out our own strength alone. He empowers us to live out his teaching. In today’s gospel reading, Jesus does not say, ‘Come to my teaching’, but ‘Come to me’. He doesn’t say, ‘learn my teaching’, but ‘learn from me’. He calls us into a personal relationship with himself. Earlier in that gospel reading, Jesus spoke about the intimate relationship he has with God his Father, ‘No one knows the Son except the Father, just as no one knows the Father except the Son’. Yet, this is not a closed relationship. Jesus wants to share with each one of us his own very intimate relationship with God; he wants to draw us into his own personal relationship with God, his Father. He wants to reveal his Father to us, to share the love of the Father with us. ‘Come to me’, Jesus says, and through me come to the Father. It is in coming to him and his Father that we receive his Spirit, the Holy Spirit, and so are empowered to live his teaching and, thereby, to become fully alive as human beings and as his joyful servants in the world. This two-fold movement of coming to Jesus and going forth in his strength expresses well the contemplative and active dimension of the Christian life. We are called to be contemplatives in action, like Catherine of Siena. Catherine was a great mystic or contemplative, but her mysticism did not withdraw her from the world. She was deeply involved in what was happening in Europe and in the church in her time. Catherine stood out as a beacon of light in a dark time in Europe and in the church. She was such a light because of her deeply personal and mystical relationship with Jesus. She exemplifies our own calling to be contemplatives in action, to bring the light of the Lord into the darkness of our world.

 And/Or

(vi) Feast of Saint Catherine of Sienna

Catherine was a truly extraordinary woman. She was born into tumultuous times (1347-1380). The Black Death prowled the land; armies fought each other on behalf of their client-cities; the Pope had left Rome for Avignon. She came from a prosperous family and her parents wanted her to marry well. However, she felt strongly called to live as the bride of Christ. She lived a life of solitary prayer for three years before re-joining her family and working with the sick, the poor, prisoners and plague victims. After a powerful, ecstatic experience of Christ in 1374, she commenced her public role, mediating in an armed conflict between the city of Florence and the Avignon-based papacy. She travelled to Avignon to Pope Gregory XI insisting that he return to Rome. Her mission was a surprising success. However, shortly after his return to Rome, Gregory died. The College of Cardinals elected Urban VI who turned out disastrously. The cardinals, regretting their choice, elected another Pope, but failed to persuade Urban to retire. The church now had two rival Popes. Catherine remained loyal to Urban, judging that for all his faults he had been validly elected. Shortly before her death she had a vision in which it seemed as if the church like a mighty ship was being placed on her back. She died at the age of thirty three. Catherine was both a mystic and a woman of the world, who served those in greatest need and involved herself in the great issues of church and state of the day. The gospel reading is very suited to her feast. Jesus speaks both as a mystic and as one who serves those who are overburdened. He blesses God his Father, as one who knows the Father in a way no one else does, just as his Father knows him as no one else does. Jesus also speaks as one who invites all who are overburdened to come to him for rest. His intimate relationship with God flows over into a loving and caring relationship with all who struggle under heavy burdens. Catherine, like Jesus, was a mystic in action. We are all called to be mystics in action, people who are called into an intimate relationship with God and his Son and then sent to live out of that relationship by bringing God’s rest and loving presence to all who are in need of it.

Fr. Martin Hogan.

[notrebellefrance]

Aurel - Vaucluse

On trouve le nom « Aurello » en 1447. Le site étant fortement venté, il est fort possible que ce nom et bien sur celui d’ »Aurel » provienne du latin « Aura » signifiant le vent.

Après le grand schisme de 1378 à 1429, Luther et Calvin prêche la « réforme » (protestantisme) ce qui provoque une scission et une série de persécutions et de massacres auxquels la vallée de Sault n’échappera pas auront lieu.

Dés 1560, des symptômes de guerre civile éclatent entre François d’Agoult, catholique et Charles du Puy de Montbrun réformé, fanatique et courageux. La région va être dévastée, des razzias ont lieu et Aurel est le premier touché. Aurel sera pris par les protestants et repris par les catholiques. Disettes et épidémies font beaucoup de ravage. Cela durera jusqu’à la publication de l’édit de Nantes.

En juillet 1630, la peste frappe Aurel et décime la population, celle-ci disparaît en 1632.

La vie reprend, Aurel se reconstruit, se développe et prospère. Lors de la grande peste de 1720, Aurel est épargné.

A la fin du XVII° siècle, Aurel a une vie intense, on compte en 1699, 195 feux et 762 habitants.

Ce qui se passe durant la révolution est assez mal connu, révolutionnaires et contre révolutionnaires s’affrontent d’une manière sanguinaire. L’abolition de la royauté, la proclamation de la République et l’exécution de Louis XVI sont reçu avec des sentiments très divers.

Le 25 juin 1793 est crée le département de Vaucluse et le 24 août 1793 Aurel qui appartenait au département des Basses Alpes y est rattaché.

Aurel bouleversé par la révolution n’arrive pas à reprendre son équilibre.

En 1848, c’est la 2° République, Jourdan, Maire d’Aurel est élu Conseiller général en août. En 1849 c’est le second empire, la guerre de 1870. En 1875, c’est la 3° République, la rivalité entre les blancs et les rouges ne cesse de s’envenimer au plus grand détriment du pays.

La guerre de 1914-18 fait 20 morts sur le village et la 2° guerre mondiale prit encore des enfants d’Aurel..

#original photographers #photography #photographers on tumblr #photographe #photo #villagedefrance #tourism #francephotography #tourisme #ancient village #provencealpescotedazur #la provence #sault

[troybeecham]

Today the Church remembers St. Catherine of Siena (25 March 1347 AD– 29 April 1380), a lay member of the Dominican Order, who was a mystic, activist, and author who had a great influence on Italian literature and on the Catholic Church. Canonized in 1461, she is also a Doctor of the Church.

Ora pro nobis.

Born and raised in Siena, she wanted from an early age to devote herself to God, against the will of her parents. She joined the “mantellate”, a group of pious women, primarily widows, informally devoted to Dominican spirituality.

Her eventual influence with Pope Gregory XI played a role in his 1376 decision to leave Avignon for Rome. The Pope then sent Catherine to negotiate peace with Florence. After Gregory XI’s death (March 1378) and the conclusion of peace (July 1378), she returned to Siena. She dictated to secretaries her set of spiritual treatises “The Dialogue of Divine Providence”.

The Great Schism of the West led Catherine to go to Rome with the pope. She sent numerous letters to princes and cardinals to promote obedience to Pope Urban VI and to defend what she calls the “vessel of the Church”. She died on 29 April 1380, exhausted by her rigorous fasting. Urban VI celebrated her funeral and burial in the Basilica of Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome.

Devotion around Catherine of Siena developed rapidly after her death. Pope Pius II canonized her in 1461; she was declared a patron saint of Rome in 1866 by Pope Pius IX, and of Italy (together with Francis of Assisi) in 1939 by Pope Pius XII. She was the second woman to be declared a “Doctor of the Church,” on 4 October 1970 by Pope Paul VI – only days after Teresa of Ávila. In 1999 Pope John Paul II proclaimed her a [co-]patron saint of Europe.

O God, who by thy Holy Spirit dost give to some the word of wisdom, to others the word of knowledge, and to others the word of faith: We praise thy Name for the gifts of grace manifested in thy servant Catherine, and we pray that thy Church may never be destitute of such gifts; through Jesus Christ our

Lord, who with thee and the Holy Spirit liveth and reigneth, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.

#father troy beecham #christianity #troy beecham episcopal #jesus #father troy beecham episcopal #saints #god #salvation #peace #faith #theology #monasticism

[rhianna]

A history of the papacy from the great schism to the sack of Rome / by M. Creighton.

Description

Tools

Cite thisExport citation fileMain AuthorCreighton, M. (Mandell), 1843-1901.Language(s)English PublishedLondon, Longmans, Green, and Co., 1903-1905 [v. 1, 1904] EditionNew ed. SubjectsCatholic Church >  Catholic Church / History. Reformation. Schism, The Great Western, 1378-1417. Church history >  Church history / Middle Ages, 600-1500. Papacy >  Papacy / History. NoteEarlier edition published under title: A history of the papacy during the period of the reformation. Physical Description6 v. ; 20 cm.

SummaryThis detailed study of the papacy during the Reformation was first published between 1882 and 1894. The author was an academic and an ordained Anglican. Having studied at Oxford and spent time in the parish of Embleton in Northumberland, he was appointed the first Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Cambridge, became Bishop of Peterborough and ended his career as Bishop of London.

#papacy #pope #history #middle ages #Hathitrust

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.20 (before 1900)

1058 – Agnes of Poitou and Andrew I of Hungary meet to negotiate about the border territory of Burgenland. 1066 – At the Battle of Fulford, Harald Hardrada defeats earls Morcar and Edwin. 1187 – Saladin begins the Siege of Jerusalem. 1260 – The Great Prussian Uprising among the old Prussians begins against the Teutonic Knights. 1378 – Cardinal Robert of Geneva is elected as Pope Clement VII, beginning the Papal schism. 1498 – The Nankai tsunami washes away the building housing the Great Buddha at Kōtoku-in; it has been located outside ever since. 1519 – Ferdinand Magellan sets sail from Sanlúcar de Barrameda with about 270 men on his expedition which ultimately culminates in the first circumnavigation of the globe. 1586 – A number of conspirators in the Babington Plot are hanged, drawn and quartered. 1602 – The Spanish-held Dutch town of Grave capitulates to a besieging Dutch and English army under the command of Maurice of Orange. 1697 – The Treaty of Ryswick is signed by France, England, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic, ending the Nine Years' War. 1737 – The Walking Purchase concludes, which forces the cession of 1.2 million acres (4,860 km2) of Lenape-Delaware tribal land to the Pennsylvania Colony. 1792 – French troops stop an allied invasion of France at the Battle of Valmy. 1835 – The decade-long Ragamuffin War starts when rebels capture Porto Alegre in Brazil. 1854 – Crimean War: British and French troops defeat Russians at the Battle of Alma. 1857 – The Indian Rebellion of 1857 ends with the recapture of Delhi by troops loyal to the East India Company. 1860 – The future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom begins the first visit to North America by a Prince of Wales. 1863 – American Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga, in northwestern Georgia, ends in a Confederate victory. 1870 – The Bersaglieri corps enter Rome through the Porta Pia, and complete the unification of Italy. 1871 – Bishop John Coleridge Patteson, first bishop of Melanesia, is martyred on Nukapu, now in the Solomon Islands. 1881 – U.S. President Chester A. Arthur is sworn in upon the death of James A. Garfield the previous day. 1893 – Charles Duryea and his brother road-test the first American-made gasoline-powered automobile.

#Events

[julianworker]

The Anti-Pope Games, Avignon

The following excerpt is from the book Sports the Olympics Forgot available at a discount of $0.99 here until 14th August 2023. The Western Schism in the Roman Catholic Church began in 1378, when the French cardinals believed the election of Pope Urban VI was invalid. They elected Clement VII as an anti-pope and he took up residence in Avignon in France. The Protestant reformer Martin Luther was…

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#alternative #avignon #books #fiction #france #fun #humor #humour #literature #sports #stories #writing

[fr-martin-gospel-reflections]

29th April, ‘Come to me, all you who labour and are overburdened’, Reflection on today’s gospel reading (Mt 11:25-30)

29th April, Feast of Saint Catherine of Sienna

Born in 1347, Catherine entered the Dominican Third Order at the age of eighteen and spent the next three years in seclusion, prayer, and austerity. Gradually, a group of followers gathered around her, men and women, priests and religious. An active public apostolate grew out of her contemplative life, working with the sick, the poor, prisoners and plague victims. In 1378, the Great Schism began, splitting the allegiance of Christendom between two, then three, popes. She spent the last two years of her life in Rome in prayer, pleading on behalf of the cause of Pope Urban VI and the unity of the Church. She offered herself as a victim for the Church in its agony. She died surrounded by her followers and was canonized in 1461. A contemplative, her life of prayer expressed itself in the loving service of those in need. A mystic, she involved herself as a peacemaker and a reconciler in the great affairs of church and state of the day. In the words of today’s first reading she lived her life in the light, in God who is light, and brought the light of God’s reconciling love to her broken church and world. Today’s gospel reading gives us an insight into the prayer of Jesus, ‘I bless you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth..’. Jesus’ communion with God in prayer directs him to those who labour and are overburdened, inviting them to come to him and receive the gift of rest, the revival of their drooping spirits. This two fold dynamic of prayerful communion with God and loving service of the broken and needy that shaped the life of Jesus also shaped the life of Catherine. It is to shape all of our lives.

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Conférence sur le Grand Schisme d’Occident (1378 – 1417) à Sorède

Conférence sur le Grand Schisme d’Occident (1378 – 1417) le vendredi 24 mars à 18H00 dans la salle des mariages à Sorède. Il y a eu 2 papes, puis à la fin un troisième. 2 événements majeurs se sont passés à Perpignan : Un concile de 1408. Un sommet mondial en octobre 1415 présidé par […] from Le Journal Catalan https://ift.tt/xYmjQvF via IFTTT

#IFTTT #Le Journal Catalan

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Divine-rights-of-king logging on to tumblr.com to post a venn diagram with "Liking Boobs" on one side and "The Great Schism of 1378" on the other side

[stcatherineofsiena1]

SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS

Catherine was very politically active as well. In her late 20s, she started dictating letters with scribes to various rulers and clergy, begging for peace between states. Great political acts which are attributed to her include achieving peace between the Holy See and Florence who were at war, to convince the Pope to return from his Avignon exile, which he did in 1376, and to heal the great schism between the followers of the legitimate Pope, Urban VI, and those who opposed him in 1380. She was key in working to keep city states loyal to the Pope. 

She was so respected, she was sent on diplomatic peace missions by various governments. She worked tirelessly within temporal society. She sought to pacify the conflicts that divided cities, but this came at the price of injustices and persecutions against her.

In 1378, the Great Schism began, splitting the allegiance of Christendom between two, then three, popes and putting even saints on opposing sides. Catherine spent the last two years of her life in Rome, in prayer and pleading on behalf of the cause of Pope Urban VI and the unity of the Church. 

She offered herself as a victim for the Church in its agony. Her life, marked by good works and penance, was thus offered up as a holocaust. Fatigue and weakness gradually dominated her body, although her spirit grew continually stronger. She prayed unceasingly for the Church, recommending it to the care of Our Lady, for she foresaw that the adversities it was undergoing at that time were nothing as compared with the tragic events it would experience in the future.

Saint Catherine of Siena by Juan Bautista Maíno (1612 - 1614). Oil on panel

Catherine also established a monastery for women in 1377 outside of Siena. She is credited with composing over 400 letters, her Dialogue, which is her definitive work, and her prayers. She is one of the most influential and popular saints in the Church. These works are so influential that St. Catherine would later be declared a Doctor of the Church.