#when solar eclipse appeared on east coast

[klimkovsky]

Partial solar eclipse on October 25, 2022

On Tuesday — October 25, 2022 — there will be a partial solar eclipse — a phenomenon in which for some people on planet Earth the Moon will cover some part of the Sun for some time. The eclipse will be visible not on the whole Earth, but on a smaller part of it. On the night side of the globe, where during the eclipse it will be night, of course, no eclipse can be seen. But even on the daytime hemisphere of the Earth, the eclipse will not be observed everywhere, but only where the lunar penumbra falls.

A total eclipse (a phenomenon in which the Moon completely covers the Sun, the sky will darken and several bright stars and planets will appear on it) will not be observed anywhere on Earth this time. The lunar shadow will pass by the Earth — above the north pole, but the lunar penumbra will cover a significant part of Eurasia and even touch the northeast of the African continent.

If a total solar eclipse is visible in those regions of the Earth where the lunar shadow falls, then a partial solar eclipse owes its visibility to the lunar penumbra. A clear diagram showing the relative position of the Sun, Earth and Moon (not to scale, of course, but more on that later) during a partial solar eclipse, as well as illustrating what the Moon's shadow, lunar penumbra is, is drawn below.

The diagram clearly shows that, since the Sun is larger than the Moon, the Moon casts a converging cone of shadow into space. In some situations, this cone converges even before reaching the Earth's surface, and then the eclipse is annular. But in this case, the cone of the lunar shadow does pass by — above the north pole of the Earth. The southern hemisphere will not get this eclipse at all. Unlike the lunar shadow, the lunar penumbra is a diverging cone that (theoretically) does not end anywhere in space — it is infinite in the direction from the Sun. But its intensity decreases with distance from the Moon.

There on Earth, where the lunar penumbra falls, you can see how the Sun was damaged — something dark, opaque covers some part of the daylight. It is not difficult to guess that this is the Moon. People guessed this many thousands of years ago. But humanity is unevenly developed. Who to this day does not understand what is the matter.

Let's move on to the conditions of visibility of the upcoming partial solar eclipse.

How and where on the planet will the eclipse be visible?

On this map, the area of visibility of the eclipse is circled with a dark green line. The raspberry line indicates the locations where the maximum phase will occur at sunset. Inside the curved green figure-eight, the Sun will set below the horizon before the end of the eclipse (that is, along with the Moon). The green star marks the place on Earth where the largest phase of the eclipse will be observed.

86%

There it will happen at the time of sunset, and the nearest cities to this "X"-point will be Nezhnevartovsk and Surgut (Russia).

The dashed green line shows locations on Earth where the maximum phase of the eclipse will reach half of the maximum possible on the planet.

What are the general notes?

The eclipse will be clearly visible throughout Europe (with the exception of Spain — here it is visible only in the east of the country, and Portugal — it is invisible here at all), in Russia to the Urals, in western Kazakhstan, in the Near and Middle East, in Egypt, Libya, Northern Sudan , in Ethiopia. An extremely unsatisfactory eclipse will be visible on the western coast of Greenland, but it is unlikely that any of my readers are very interested in the latter circumstance.

To clarify the details, the Stellarium app will help you, in which you can see the course of the upcoming eclipse for any city on Earth. The program is freely distributed and free. This is the program I use to create illustrations for my articles. Some pictures of this post are also obtained with its usign.

Partial solar eclipse in Moscow. Max phase is 71%

Important!

When observing solar eclipses of any kind — whether it is partial, total or annular — you must be extremely careful and use a special protective filter. In no case should you look at the Sun through binoculars, a telescope or a telescope without a special solar filter. No other filters are suitable for observations, except for special high-density solar filters. Photographers often use neutral density filters in their practice to shoot landscapes on a bright sunny day — this is not suitable for observing solar eclipses.

Where can I find the right filter?

In special stores that sell telescopes and accessories for them — there all the sellers know everything very well. Look for them on the Internet. There are quite a few of them.

Actually there is a lifehack

For observation just with the eye (not through a telescope!) an old lighted photofilm, a CD without paint, a magnetic film from an old floppy disk, or an x-ray-film showing bones may be suitable. But it's all good just to look at the Sun without optics.

Take care of your eyes!

What else is interesting?

These days the planet Venus is in superior conjunction with the Sun. This means that, to a terrestrial observer, Venus is almost exactly behind the Sun — with a slight deviation - only one degree to the north. If the eclipse were total, Venus could be seen with the eye during the eclipse. But during a partial eclipse, Venus is not visible. Although, Stellarium still shows it.

Experienced amateur astronomers (and professional astronomers too, but they are unlikely to need it for some reason) can see Venus in special optics at such a small angular distance from the daylight. But this is a special challenge, and without special tools and experience, you should not get involved in it.

In conclusion, a little more about the visibility of the eclipse in some cities

Just pictures

PS: Why are celestial bodies never drawn to scale on eclipse diagrams?

Let's consider what we can do if we still want to draw the Earth, the Moon, the Sun and the distances between them on a single scale.

Let's choose a conditional size of 1 millimeter for the Earth. This is small, but you will soon understand why you should not choose a larger size.

Then the Moon will turn out to be a poppy seed, distant from the blue bead — the Earth — by 30 millimeters. It seems to be nothing to worry about.

But then the Sun — a circle with a diameter of 11 centimeters, will be 11 meters 80 centimeters away from the Earth-Moon system.

Do you have got that much paper?

Yes, of course, there is — in the toilet — they still stocked up from the pandemic. But drawing eclipse diagrams on toilet paper is so-so.

And what if we sacrifice the scale reliability of the distance to the Sun, and fit the Sun and the Earth-Moon system at least within the bounds of a Whatman sheet (A0)?

Then the cone of the lunar shadow will converge much faster, and it will not reach the Earth, and the diverging cone of the lunar penumbra will always cover our entire planet, from which it will be possible to draw the erroneous conclusion that partial solar eclipses occur every new moon. And this is not so. Eclipses occur only twice a year (on average) — two solar and two lunar. Eclipses "walk" in pairs, and if there is already a solar eclipse — total or partial, then in two weeks a lunar eclipse will definitely occur. (Or in reverse order — first lunar, and then solar.)

All this means that soon we will have quite a planned lunar eclipse — November 8, 2022. But we will talk about it separately.

#astronomy #eclipse #solar eclipse

[howget]

The Solar Eclipse of April 8, 2024, What will happen?

In the grand cosmic theater, where celestial bodies pirouette and waltz, a rare performance unfolded on April 8, 2024. The star of the show? Our very own Sun, was momentarily upstaged by an unassuming yet captivating performer: the Moon. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, casting the moon’s shadow on Earth. This cosmic alignment results in a captivating celestial event that temporarily dims our view of the Sun. Solar Eclipse of April 8, 2024, only for 7.5 Minutes

Imagine a world where daylight surrenders to twilight, where shadows deepen, and the sun’s fiery glow vanishes. On that fateful day, the Moon stepped between Earth and the Sun, casting its shadow upon our planet. This celestial ballet gifted us with an extended moment of awe: 7.5 minutes of total darkness. For context, that’s longer than your favorite song or the time it takes to brew a cup of tea. A Once-in-a-Lifetime Event This cosmic rendezvous was no ordinary eclipse. It marked the last major solar eclipse to grace North America for two decades. Millions of lucky spectators stood within the path of totality, stretching from Mexico’s Pacific coast to eastern Canada. As the Moon delicately obscured the Sun, the sky darkened, revealing the Sun’s magnificent corona—the fiery halo that envelops our star. The Moon’s Close Encounter Why the extended darkness? The Moon, in its elliptical dance around Earth, drew near. Closer than usual, it appeared slightly larger in our sky. This cosmic proximity allowed the Moon to cloak the Sun for an astonishing 4.5 minutes longer than the Great American Eclipse of 2017. Picture the Sun’s disk completely hidden, like a cosmic magician pulling off the ultimate vanishing act. The Sun’s Fiery Dance But wait, there’s more! The Sun, ever the showman, was at the peak of its 11-year activity cycle. Solar maximum, they call it. As a result, the Sun’s outer atmosphere—the solar corona—burst forth with petal-like streamers of plasma. Imagine fiery tendrils reaching out, painting the darkened sky with cosmic brushstrokes. And if luck favored us, we might glimpse a coronal mass ejection—a hot gas puff propelled from the Sun’s surface. Where to Witness the Magic From Mexico’s Pacific coast, the eclipse swept across the United States, leaving a trail of wonder. Major East Coast cities—Baltimore, Boston, and their ilk—hovered tantalizingly close to the path of totality. Nearly 32 million people stood within its embrace, their eyes turned skyward. For those in India, alas, the cosmic curtain remained drawn. But fear not! Virtual live streams bridged the gap, allowing armchair astronomers to witness this celestial pas de deux. A Breathtaking Display As the Moon retreated, daylight returned, and the Sun reclaimed its throne. But the memory lingered—a rare and extended solar eclipse etched in our collective consciousness. So, dear stargazers, mark April 8, 2024, as the day the heavens pirouetted, and darkness danced with light. Until the next cosmic encore, keep your eyes on the skies! 🌑🌞 Read the full article

[sciencespies]

Six Eclipses, Four Supermoons and A Rare ‘Great Solstice Appulse’: A Skywatcher's Guide To 2020

https://sciencespies.com/news/six-eclipses-four-supermoons-and-a-rare-great-solstice-appulse-a-skywatchers-guide-to-2020/

Six Eclipses, Four Supermoons and A Rare ‘Great Solstice Appulse’: A Skywatcher's Guide To 2020

Jupiter and the southern Milky Way rising over the Tasman Sea, at Cape Conran, on the Gippsland … [+] Coast in Victoria, Australia The Southern Cross and Coal Sack are at top right, with the Pointers of Alpha and Beta Centauri below The dark lanes in the Milky Way form the head and neck of the Dark Emu, here rising out of the ocean in the southeast Jupiter is the bright object at left The waves below Jupiter may be blue from bioluminesence This is a stack of 4 x 40-second exposures for the ground, mean combined to smooth noise and further blur the water, and one 4-second exposure for the sky, all with the 14mm Rokinon lens at f/25 and Canon 6D at ISO 3200. (Photo by: VW Pics/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

Universal Images Group via Getty Images

Will 2020 be the year you start stargazing? You’ve picked a great time to start. Here are the celestial highlights of the next 12 months:

The ‘Solstice Ring Of Fire Eclipse’

An annular Solar Eclipse is observed on May 21, 2012 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Masashi Hara/Getty … [+] Images)

Getty Images

Earth just had one on Christmas Day, but an annular solar eclipse is coming in 2020 that’s extra special.

Although it will have to be viewed through solar eclipse glasses, the sight of a bright circle around the moon well, on June 21, 2020—the date of the solstice—bring fading light levels and possibly a view of the solar corona to intrepid eclipse-chasers.

They will gather in Ethiopia, Oman and Tibet for a super-short eclipse lasting as little as 23 seconds.

Nature’s grandest spectacle: total solar eclipse

A total solar eclipse in Grand Teton National Park on August 21, 2017 outside Jackson, Wyoming. … [+] (Photo by George Frey/Getty Images)

Getty Images

If you’ve never seen the famous “hole in the sky“—one of nature’s greatest displays—another chance will come on December 14, 2020 when the Moon’s central shadow will take just 24 minutes to cross Chile and Argentina. Observers on the centerline of the path of totality in southern Chile’s beautiful Lake District and Argentina’s region of Patagonia will experience 2 minutes 9 seconds totality.

Four lunar eclipses

There will be four penumbral lunar eclipses in 2020. These are not dramatic events, but the sight of a light grey and easy to look at full moon is still a strange sight to experienced moon-gazers. Such eclipses are caused when the Sun, Earth, and the Moon are almost, but not quite aligned, and our satellite drifts into Earth’s shadow for a few hours. Here’s when they’re happening, and who on the Earth’s night-side will see them:

January 10, 2020: Wolf Moon Eclipse (Asia, Australia, Europe, and Africa). Note: occurs two weeks after the “Christmas Eclipse” and is the deepest, and so the most impressive, penumbral lunar eclipse of 2020.

June 5, 2020: Strawberry Moon Eclipse (Asia, Africa and Australia). Note: occurs two weeks before an annular solar eclipse.

July 5, 2020: Thunder Moon Eclipse (South America, North America and Africa). Note: occurs two weeks after an annular solar eclipse.

November 29-30, 2020: Frosty Moon Eclipse (North and South America, Australia and East Asia). Note: occurs two weeks before a total solar eclipse in South America.

This photograph shows a full moon during the peak of the penumbral eclipse seen from Pakistan’s … [+] capital of Islamabad late on August 7, 2017. / AFP PHOTO / AAMIR QURESHI (Photo credit should read AAMIR QURESHI/AFP via Getty Images)

AFP via Getty Images

Three supermoons

Defined as less than 223,694 miles from the center of Earth, supermoon full moons will occur three times in 2020. If you want to appreciate their larger apparent size, always look east at moonrise or west at moonset. Only when they are close to the horizon can you appreciate their extra size and brightness.

March 9: Super Worm Moon

April 8: Super Pink Moon

May 7: Super Flower Moon

BEIJING, CHINA – MARCH 21: A super moon, announcing the end of the winter season, rises behind the … [+] ridge of a house roof on March 21, 2019 in Beijing, China. The Super Worm Moon occurs on the day as the Spring Equinox on Thursday. The moon becomes full at 9:42 p.m., almost 4 hours after the vernal equinox which is at 5:58 p.m.. (Photo by Zhang Yinsheng/Visual China Group via Getty Images)

Visual China Group via Getty Images

‘Giant planet week’

Since Earth is an inner planet, on one day each year it gets between the Sun and each outer planet. On that day that planet is at its brightest as seen from Earth. In 2020, both Saturn and Jupiter go into so-called “opposition” in the same week. A small telescope will get your awesome views of Jupiter’s cloud bands and Saturn’s rings.

July 14: Jupiter at opposition

July 20: Saturn at opposition

The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope reveals the intricate, detailed beauty of Jupiter’s clouds in … [+] this new image taken on 27 June 2019 by Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3, when the planet was 644 million kilometres from Earth — its closest distance this year. The image features the planet’s trademark Great Red Spot and a more intense colour palette in the clouds swirling in the planet’s turbulent atmosphere than seen in previous years. The observations of Jupiter form part of the Outer Planet Atmospheres Legacy (OPAL) programme.

NASA, ESA, A. Simon (Goddard Spa

Three promising meteor showers

2019 wasn’t a particularly good year for shooting stars, with many of the years major meteor showers marred by bright moonlight. It gets a little easier in 2020, with the moon staying out of the way of these displays, though August’s Perseids meteor shower is again a casualty of our satellite. Here are the three to plan for:

April 21-22: Lyrids meteor shower (moon is 1% illuminated)

November 16-17: Leonids meteor shower (moon is 5% illuminated)

December 13-14: Geminids meteor shower (moon is 1% illuminated)

TRONA, CALIFORNIA – AUGUST 02 — View of meteorite streaking over Trona Pinnacles near Death … [+] Valley, CA during annual Perseid Meteor Showers, August 2, 2019. (Photo by Bob Riha Jr.,Getty Images)

Getty Images

A ‘Great Solstice Appulse’

Here’s something that’s not happened since the year 2000 and won’t happen again until 2040. On December 21, 2020—the exact date of the solstice—Saturn and Jupiter will appear incredibly close together (just 0.06º apart) right after sunset. Astronomer’s call this an “appulse”or a “great conjunction.” It will all be a matter of perspective; Jupiter and Saturn will actually be 733 million miles from each other, as well as being 887 million miles and 1620 million miles from Earth, respectively. However, from Earth, the giant gas planets will appear almost as one.

Wishing you clear skies and wide eyes

#News

#News

[trevisdampierministries]

Mar 30, 2022 - Watchman News - Isaiah 53:3-4 - Incoming 17 Solar Flares & 3 CMEs, Aus-NZ-US War with China & More! from Trevis Dampier Ministries on Vimeo.

News Feed – liveactioneating.com/

VERSE OF THE DAY Isaiah 53:3-4 (New King James Version) He is despised and rejected by men, A Man of sorrows and acquainted with grief. And we hid, as it were, our faces from Him; He was despised, and we did not esteem Him. Surely He has borne our griefs And carried our sorrows; Yet we esteemed Him stricken, Smitten by God, and afflicted. ________________________________________

Understanding of ARM vs Right Hand of Revelation 13;16-18 – youtu.be/o4nXtcnz0Ls

The Dove Release of Noah symbolism to the 3 End Times Ministry Segments – liveactioneating.com/2021/08/16/the-dove-release-of-noah-to-the-3-part-end-times-ministries/

Jacob ( Jesus) and His Work for the Father to gain Rachel (Bride of Christ),Leah (Israel), the Flocks (Church) and the World (Those that are lost) Timeline – 1988 -2028 – liveactioneating.com/2021/08/20/jacob-jesus-and-his-work-for-the-father-to-gain-rachel-bride-of-christleah-israel-the-flocks-church-and-the-world-those-that-are-lost-timeline-1988-2028/

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Dream of Bill Larkin (7 Years Ago) La Palma Destruction Falling into the Sea – liveactioneating.com/2021/09/17/watch-vision-of-tsunami-in-east-coast-florida-new-jersey-underwater-bill-larkin-on-youtube/

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High Watch Times

Nov 10th – Abomination of Desolation related to Daniel 9 & Jeremiah 52 Study by Leeland Jones – liveactioneating.com/2021/11/02/jeremiah-52-key-to-daniel-9-dont-speak-news-by-leeland-jones/

Nov 14th – Laudato Si (7 Year Covenant with Many to Begin)

Nov 18th-19th (Kislev 15) – when the Blood Moon occurs and the Abomination of Desolation according to the Book of Maccabees in 168 BCE.

Nov 21st – 17 Kislev (1947) – The United Nations General Assembly approves a plan for the partition of Palestine, which eventually led to the creation of the State of Israel.

Nov 23rd – Fibonacci Day (La Palma shown in I PET GOAT with Psalm 23 on the Wall + Math Equation of F = -F on Chalkboard) 11/23 = 1 + 1+ 2 + 3 (Fibonacci Math)

Nov 26th – 7 Day Marker from Nov 19th Eclipse- 1 Kings 8:65

Nov 29th (Kislev 25) – This is 10 days from Nov 19th, brings us to Nov 29th, which is 4 years from the True Birth of Israel. Nov 29th, 1947 and the Parable of the Fig Tree.

Dec 1st (Kislev 27) – Forty days of rain end; begin 150 days of water’s swelling and churning, during which the water reaches a height of 15 cubits above the mountain peaks.

Dec 3rd/4th – 14 Day Marker from Nov 19th Eclipse – 1 Kings 8:65

Dec 5th-6th – 8th Day of Hanukkah related to 1 Kings 8:65-66 and the 14 Days between the Blood Moons of Nov 19th-Dec 5th (Gen 8:5 – Tops of Mountain Seen – Noah Story)

Dec 7th-8th – 8th Day of Hanukkah (Torah Calendar). Ezekiel 1:1 on the 8th/9th – Ezekiel’s Vision of God

Dec 12th/13th (Tevet 8)- Festival of the Septuagint -Septuagint is Completed - Megillat Ta'anit (Daniel’s 70th Week) – 8th Day related to 1 Kings 8:66

Dec 14th – (Tevet 10) – Esther appears before Achashverosh for the first time and is chosen by him to be the Queen, Nebuchadnezzar besieged Jerusalem, Holocaust remembered in Israel

Dec 19th – Full Moon (Original 7th Day of Hanukkah 164 BCE)

Dec 21st – Winter begins in Israel (Midnight) (Original 8th Day of Hanukkah 164 BCE)

Dec 25th – Festival of the Septuagint -Septuagint is Completed - (Daniel’s 70th Week) – 8th Day related to 1 Kings 8:66 (Leeland Jones April 30th, 2018 - 1335 Day Count from Host of Daily Sacrifice

Jan 5, 2022 – 5G Turns On

Jan 8/9, 2022 – 1335 Day Count from Israel’s 70th Bday (911 Backwards)

Jan 11, 2022 – (Sh’Vat 9) or 911 backwards and 11/11

Jan 16/17, 2022 – Tu BiShevat – New Year for Trees & Full Moon

Feb 14-16, 2022 – Purim Katan – Adar I (Minor Purim) – Esther meets with the King, saves God’s People

Feb 20-23rd – 5 BCE Actual Esther Moment from Esther 9 (Real Purim- Quantum Time)

March 15-20, 2022 – Purim - Adar II - Esther meets with the King, saves God’s People (Spring Equinox)

March 31st/April 1st – Swedish Boy’s Dream says we get pulled to Egypt on last day of March. End of 13th Month and beginning of Nisan

May 1st/2nd, 2022 – 150 Days from Kislev 27 (Iyar 0) New Moon – Shabbat Mevarchim Chodesh Iyyar

May 15th/16th, 2022 – Centered Blood Moon in between 100 Eclipses forward and Back

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Parashah #10 Scripture Readings Mi-Ketz (At the End Of) TorahGenesis 41:1-44:17 Haftarahs1 Kings 3:15-4:1 Brit ChadashahActs 7:9-16

Miketz in a Nutshell Genesis 41:1–44:17 Joseph’s imprisonment finally ends when Pharaoh dreams of seven fat cows that are swallowed up by seven lean cows, and of seven fat ears of grain swallowed by seven lean ears. ________________________________________

Prepare for the Coming of the Lord Jesus Christ!

Please repent and accept the free gift of Jesus Christ’s Death on the Cross for payment for your sins.

[lucids]

" Nov. 19, 2021 Look to the sky for the longest partial lunar eclipse in over 500 years. The longest 'almost total' lunar eclipse in a millennium will be visible in all of North America on November 19, as well as parts of South America, Polynesia, eastern Australia and northeastern Asia, according to NASA. In the United States, night owls on the West Coast and early risers on the East Coast will catch the best view. NASA predicts the eclipse will last about 3 hours and 28 minutes, making it the longest partial lunar eclipse in 580 years."

"On November 19, 2021 (late evening of the 18th in some time zones), the Moon passes into the shadow of the Earth, creating a partial lunar eclipse so deep that it can reasonably be called almost total."

"When only a part of the moon enters Earth’s shadow, the event is called a partial lunar eclipse."

Two articles...

NASA article:

Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse in Centuries Coming as ‘Almost’ Total Lunar Eclipse.

We have a rare opportunity to witness the longest partial lunar eclipse in nearly 600 years. If the weather permits, it will grace our sky on the night of Nov. 18 and early in the morning Nov. 19 across all of the United States.

A lunar eclipse happens when the Sun, Earth, and Full Moon form a near-perfect lineup in space. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when only a portion of the Moon passes through the Earth’s darkest shadow. During this type of eclipse, a part of the Moon will darken to a dim orange or red as it moves through the Earth’s shadow.

The upcoming eclipse will be visible throughout much of the globe where the Moon appears above the horizon during the eclipse, including North and South America, Eastern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Region. North America will have the best location to see the entirety of the eclipse.

The partial eclipse will begin a little after 1:00 a.m. CST on Nov 19 (11:00 pm PST on Nov 18.), reaching its maximum at 3:00 a.m. CST. Depending on your local time zone, it’ll happen earlier or later in the evening for you. It will last 3 hours and 28 minutes, making it the longest partial eclipse of this century and the longest in 580 years.

This is a remarkably deep partial eclipse as up to 97% of the Moon’s diameter will be covered by Earth’s darkest shadow. Only a thin slice of the Moon will be exposed directly to the Sun at maximum eclipse. Expect to see the rest of the Moon take on the orange-reddish colors, appearing as an “almost” total lunar eclipse.

Total Lunar Eclipse A telescopic visualization of the 2021 total lunar eclipse. Credit: NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio You won’t need any special glasses to see the partial lunar eclipse, unlike when viewing a solar eclipse. Just wake up, get out of the bed, and go outside to see the last lunar eclipse of 2021!

Source: https://blogs.nasa.gov/Watch_the_Skies/2021/11/18/longest-partial-lunar-eclipse-in-centuries-coming-as-almost-total-lunar-eclipse

"Learn more about eclipses here and enjoy this spectacle as you watch the skies" https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-an-eclipse-58

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NASA article, includes a short video clip and a chart:

An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse

What is an “almost total” lunar eclipse? A lunar eclipse occurs when the Sun, Earth, and Moon align so that the Moon passes into Earth’s shadow. In a total lunar eclipse, the entire Moon falls within the darkest part of Earth’s shadow, called the umbra. In this eclipse, up to 99.1% of the Moon’s disk will be within Earth’s umbra.

How can I observe the eclipse? The best viewing will be right around the peak of the eclipse, on November 19th at 9:03 UTC/4:03 AM EST/1:03 AM PST. This part of the eclipse is visible in all of North America, as well as large parts of South America, Polynesia, eastern Australia, and northeastern Asia.

By Molly Wasser and Ernie Wright

On November 19, 2021 (late evening of the 18th in some time zones), the Moon passes into the shadow of the Earth, creating a partial lunar eclipse so deep that it can reasonably be called almost total. Credit: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio What is an “almost total” lunar eclipse? A lunar eclipse occurs when the Sun, Earth, and Moon align so that the Moon passes into Earth’s shadow. In a total lunar eclipse, the entire Moon falls within the darkest part of Earth’s shadow, called the umbra. In this eclipse, up to 99.1% of the Moon’s disk will be within Earth’s umbra.

How can I observe the eclipse? The best viewing will be right around the peak of the eclipse, on November 19th at 9:03 UTC/4:03 AM EST/1:03 AM PST. This part of the eclipse is visible in all of North America, as well as large parts of South America, Polynesia, eastern Australia, and northeastern Asia.

Is this the longest lunar eclipse of the century? Kind of. It’s actually the longest partial lunar eclipse in a millennium, clocking in at 3 hours, 28 minutes and 23 seconds. There hasn’t been a longer partial lunar eclipse since February 18, 1440 (3 hours, 28 minutes, 46 seconds) and it will remain the longest partial lunar eclipse for 648 years until February 8, 2669 (3 hours, 30 minutes, and 2 seconds). There will be a longertotal lunar eclipse on November 8, 2022.

Partial lunar eclipse of February 18, 1440: 3:28:46 Partial lunar eclipse of November 18/19, 2021: 3:28:23 Partial lunar eclipse of February 8, 2669, 3:30:02

Why is this eclipse so long? This is a long eclipse for two main reasons: 1) The Moon’s orbital speed and 2) The near-totality of the eclipse.

First, the Moon’s orbit around the Earth is not a perfect circle, and the Earth is off-center within the orbit so sometimes the Moon is closer to the Earth and sometimes it is farther away. This change in distance impacts the Moon’s orbital speed. Closer to the Earth, the Moon moves faster, while further away, it travels more slowly. Right now, the Moon is near its farthest point in its orbit around the Earth and thus, moves slowly through Earth’s shadow.

Second, since this eclipse is almost-total, the Moon spends a longer amount of time in the Earth’s umbra than it would in a ‘more-partial’ eclipse.

What else can I see tonight? During the eclipse, the Moon moves through the western part of the constellation Taurus. The Pleiades star cluster is to the upper right, and the Hyades cluster ― including the bright star Aldebaran, eye of the bull ― is in the lower left. Here are some more skywatching tips for the month of November. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/skywatching/home

Why does the Moon turn red during a lunar eclipse?

The same phenomenon that makes our sky blue and our sunsets red causes the Moon to turn red during a lunar eclipse. It’s called Rayleigh scattering. Light travels in waves, and different colors of light have different physical properties. Blue light has a shorter wavelength and is scattered more easily by particles in Earth’s atmosphere than red light, which has a longer wavelength. Red light, on the other hand, travels more directly through the atmosphere. When the Sun is overhead, we see blue light throughout the sky. But when the Sun is setting, sunlight must pass through more atmosphere and travel farther before reaching our eyes. The blue light from the Sun scatters away, and longer-wavelength red, orange, and yellow light passes through.

During a lunar eclipse, the Moon turns red because the only sunlight reaching the Moon passes through Earth’s atmosphere. The more dust or clouds in Earth’s atmosphere during the eclipse, the redder the Moon will appear. It’s as if all the world’s sunrises and sunsets are projected onto the Moon.

Source and more info: https://moon.nasa.gov/news/168/an-almost-total-lunar-eclipse

[weyassinebentalb]

How to watch the "super flower blood moon" lunar eclipse

   The most spectacular full moon of 2021 is quickly approaching, gracing the night sky in all its glory on May 26. That date marks not just a supermoon, but also a blood moon, thanks to a lunar eclipse.

According to NASA, a blood moon occurs during a total lunar eclipse, when the Earth is positioned directly between the moon and the sun, hiding the moon from sunlight. It's named for its red glow.

"When this happens, the only light that reaches the moon's surface is from the edges of the Earth's atmosphere," the space agency explains. "The air molecules from Earth's atmosphere scatter out most of the blue light. The remaining light reflects onto the moon's surface with a red glow, making the moon appear red in the night sky."

NASA says the result will be a "ring of light" around the moon.

"Just how red it will look is hard to predict, but dust in the atmosphere can have an effect. (And keep in mind there have been a couple of prominent volcanic eruptions recently)," NASA said.

Not only does May bring a lunar eclipse, but also the year's best supermoon. A supermoon occurs when the moon appears larger than usual in the night sky because it is at its closest point to Earth in its orbit, known as perigee.

May's full supermoon is known as the "Flower Moon," and it marks the second of three supermoons this year. It's appropriately named for the abundance of flowers associated with spring in the Northern Hemisphere.

A blood moon is seen in the sky over Frankfurt, Germany, July 27, 2018. / Credit: KAI PFAFFENBACH / REUTERS

How to watch

On Wednesday, May 26, the cosmic phenomenon will be at least partly visible anywhere on the night side of the planet, NASA said. Under clear weather conditions, skywatchers around the world will be able to enjoy the show.

This includes parts of Asia and Australia, as well as much of the U.S. and South America. For skywatchers in the U.S., the best viewing will be in Hawaii, Alaska, and the western states, though the eclipse is partially visible further East during dawn twilight. And if you're in the U.S. you should wake up early to see the rare celestial event.

According to NASA, the peak of the eclipse will last for about 14 minutes, but the entire event will last about five hours, from 08:47:39 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) to 13:49:41 UTC. It will peak at 11:19:52 UTC.

This means that In Asia, the eclipse occurs in the early evening when the moon first rises, while on the west coast of the Americas, it occurs in the early morning hours, when the moon is setting.

Solar eclipses should never be viewed with the naked eye, but lunar eclipses are completely safe to look at.

Don't worry if you're not located in the best place to spot the eclipse. The Virtual Telescope Project will have a live feed of the entire event, starting at 3 a.m. PT on May 26.

source https://www.techno-90.com/2021/05/how-to-watch-super-flower-blood-moon.html

[orbemnews]

When to Watch a Lunar Eclipse and Supermoon in Late Night Skies Night owls in California and other points out west are in for a treat on May 26 as the moon enters Earth’s shadow and turns a blood red color during a total lunar eclipse, the first in more than two years visible from the United States. And if you hear anyone calling this a super blood moon, that’s because the moon will also line up in its closest approach to our planet, an event some call a supermoon. “You’re actually getting to see the solar system working, and Newton’s laws of gravity in operation before your own eyes,” said Edwin Krupp, director of the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles. Where and when can I see the lunar eclipse? This month’s event will be visible primarily from Australia, East Asia, islands in the Pacific and the Western Americas. People on the West Coast of the United States, from Southern California up through Washington State, can expect the action to commence around 1:47 a.m. Pacific time on May 26. In the beginning, the moon will enter only Earth’s outer shadow, called the penumbra. Any changes to the lunar surface will be subtle at first, Dr. Krupp said. After sailing along over the next few hours, the moon will travel deeper into the shadow, at which point it will look as if something took a bite out of it. During this phase, it will begin turning reddish. This will start around 2:45 a.m. Pacific time. At 4:11 a.m., the moon will fall completely within Earth’s inner umbral shadow and its full face will become a deep, dark red. The quirks of the moon’s orbit mean this total eclipse will be relatively short, lasting about 14 minutes and ending by 4:25 a.m. Pacific time. Some total lunar eclipses go for nearly an hour. But the eclipse isn’t over and sky watchers can enjoy seeing the process reverse itself as the moon passes out of Earth’s umbra and penumbra, gradually returning to its normal self until sunrise, at which point it will sink below the horizon for West Coasters. Astrophotographers in the path of the eclipse may want to try setting up a telephoto lens on a tripod and vary the exposure at a few different shutter speeds to get the best shot, Dr. Krupp suggested. A cellphone camera will usually make the moon appear quite small, he added, but keen observers can usually play with their phone’s settings to get a nice image. So there’s no eclipse visible from the East Coast or other parts of the United States? Sorry to say, no. As a consolation for those elsewhere in the country, the Griffith Observatory is hosting a live feed of the eclipse on its website from 1:45 a.m. to 5:50 a.m. Pacific. That means people in the Eastern time zone who wake up early enough can watch some of the show online. What happens during a lunar eclipse? Lunar eclipses occur when our planet comes between its two major heavenly companions, the sun and moon. Moonglow is actually reflected sunlight and so the lunar surface gradually darkens as the moon falls into Earth’s long shadow. Sometimes, the moon’s celestial movements cause it to only graze part of our planet’s shadow, leading to partial lunar eclipses, which are often difficult to see. But the event later this month will see our natural satellite totally obscured by Earth’s bulk. During such occurrences, a small amount of sunlight gets lensed around the edges of our planet. Earth’s atmosphere filters out everything but the longer, redder wavelengths, which are projected onto the moon. The coppery light — a combination of all the world’s sunrises and sunsets — creates the moon’s scarlet color during a total eclipse. “It’s quite a spectacle to behold,” said Madhulika Guhathakurta, an astrophysicist at NASA’s Goddard Spaceflight Center in Greenbelt, Md. Why is this a supermoon, too? The moon’s orbit is not a perfect circle around Earth but rather an ellipse, so sometimes it will be closer and farther from our planet. This month’s supermoon should make our natural satellite appear about seven percent larger and brighter than usual in the sky, though most people will have a hard time telling the difference. When the moon is close to the horizon, it tends to appear extremely big, a well-known optical illusion that has so far defied complete explanation. Some people hear about supermoons, witness this effect, and believe they have seen something special. But the two are unrelated, Dr. Krupp said. Supermoons lining up with lunar eclipses aren’t uncommon. The most recent super blood moon was on Jan. 21, 2019, and the next is May 16, 2022. The fact that headlines have focused on creating fun names such as the “super flower blood moon” for this month’s eclipse “is strictly a product of the internet age,” Dr. Krupp said. “We are paying attention to celestial events in far more detail than before.” But in that sense, it is almost a return to an earlier era, when the sky had much more meaning to everyday people’s lives. “I have no quarrel with the digital age bringing attention to things that would pass by without notice,” he added. Source link Orbem News #eclipse #Late #lunar #night #skies #Supermoon #watch

[thetwomeatmeal]

An eclipse and the end of Ugarit

Here's a story about what might've been one of the oldest records of an eclipse ever: an omen-text from the ancient Syrian city of Ugarit. Right on the Mediterranean coast, Ugarit was a prosperous mercantile city under Hittite protection for most of the Late Bronze Age; its inhabitants wrote in a cuneiform alphabet, traded with Cretans and Greeks, and left their mark on the Canaanite culture that forms the background for much of the Hebrew Bible. Baal, their storm-god, lives on as a Christian demon-name today.

Sometime around the early 12th century BC, Ugarit was sacked by a coalition of marauders known as the Sea Peoples, never to be resettled. The Sea Peoples' ravages were part of the most monumental event in history you've never heard of -- the Late Bronze Age collapse, a time when nearly every major city in the Near East was destroyed, the network of great Bronze Age empires evaporated, and a cloud of dust and famine descended over history, clearing centuries later to reveal a world of new populations speaking Greek and Hebrew, writing in recognizable alphabets, living in clans and working in iron. Since eclipses can be dated almost down to the minute, our omen-text might shed some light on the chronology of the collapse; on the other hand, it could offer uniquely ancient information about the earth's rotation, which has varied over time due to the gravitational pull of the moon and climate-related changes in the earth's mass distribution.

IF it's about an eclipse, that is.

The document is a clay tablet called KTU 1.78 (drawing above from Dietrich and Loretz 2002). It's both poorly-written and abbreviated, and a "literal" translation is something like

SIX.DAY.NEW MOON HIYYARU.ENTER SUN.HER GATEKEEPER RESHEP

and on the back, either

SO.VASSALS.SEARCH OUT PREFECT

or possibly

TWO LIVERS.EXAMINED DANGER!

Not incredibly enlightening. Let's get into it.

First, the two unfamiliar words. Hiyyaru is a month, cognate with Iyar in the modern Jewish calendar, and suggesting that the document starts with a date. Reshep is an underworld god equivalent to the Babylonian plague-god Nergal, the planet Mars, and a lot of bad luck. If the document is astronomical in nature, it concerns an event where Mars was observed close to the sun.

(”And now by looking in the opposite direction from the plumb-line, we are able to locate the sky.”)

Sawyer and Stephenson (1970), the first to study KTU 1.78 in detail, noted that a solar eclipse has to happen on the day of the new moon, not on the sixth day of the new moon's quarter (think about it!). Thus, if the document does describe an eclipse, conclude that "SIX" can't be a date. Reasoning a little circularly (on the assumption that an eclipse is being described), they decide it can't even be "SIX" but a homonym meaning "SHAME". The event was a bad omen, a source of shame for the day. "ENTER", meanwhile, is treated as meaning "SET" or "DISAPPEAR". Such circumlocutions for eclipses are common in ancient texts; Stephenson elsewhere (2008) recalls ancient Chinese descriptions of "flames eating the sun" and "the day dawning twice", and Sawyer and Stephenson compare Isaiah 24:23:

Then the moon will be abashed, and the sun ashamed.

If the omen is threatening, the back must be its interpreted threat, and Sawyer and Stephenson arrive at the translation,

The day of the new moon in the month of Hiyar was put to shame. The Sun went down (in the day-time) with Mars in attendance. (This means that) the overlord will be attacked by his vassals.

This, they say, must be referring to a total eclipse, of which only four passed over Ugarit in the relevant period, in 1406, 1375, 1340, and 1223 BC. Of these, the one on May 3, 1375 occurred during Hiyyaru, which they identify as April-May by a parallel with the Babylonian calendar. It also during a high point in Ugaritic scholarship. Unfortunately, Mars wasn't visible at the time, leaving the Reshep reference mysterious.

In 1989, the question was taken up again in Nature by de Jong and van Soldt (see also Walker 1989). After redating Hiyyaru to February-March, they decided that the best candidate eclipse is the one on March 5, 1223. The agreement with the text is impressive: Mars was close to the sun and visible, and it took place during the sixth hour after sunrise (agreeing with "SIX" for the first word and an Egyptian method of time-reckoning). de Jong and van Soldt are also able to show that the implications for the rotation rate of the earth agree with astronomical data.

(Actual Neo-Babylonian eclipse list, from the 400s BC, by which point astronomers were able to predict eclipses.)

However, the text itself demanded closer study. Pardee and Swerdlow, in *Nature* in 1993, rejected de Jong and van Soldt's interpretation of "SIX" on grammatical grounds. The word "SIX" was a cardinal number, meaning it couldn't refer to the sixth hour of anything, but could refer to the six days of the new moon, that is, the first lunar quarter. They concluded that the text probably didn't refer to an eclipse at all -- and after all, nobody had really proved that it did -- but an observation of Mars appearing near the setting sun, throughout the six days of the new moon of Hiyyaru.

Then Dietrich and Loretz blew the whole thing wide open, arguing against Pardee and Swerdlow's grammatical point while also interpreting the writing and location of the text. The text was found, unusually, on the ground of the palace gate, next to a broken and unrelated civil service registry. The handwriting was a quick scrawl that didn't match the small, elegant writing of the palace scribes, the last line, "DANGER!" in their reading, drooped, and the whole thing gave a sense that it was written in a hurry. It's natural to guess, then, that the tablet was no ordinary astronomical observation, but a cause for genuine alarm; that the event was a truly foreboding eclipse, and its danger was confirmed by the liver-omen described breathlessly on the back side.

The two omens were recorded at the temple (a separate center of power and scribal activity from the palace, as in most Bronze Age Near Eastern societies), and the tablet was rushed to the palace, where, along the way, it was dropped. Why would a courier with an urgent message for the palace drop a tablet and not recover it? If they encountered a panicked crowd along the way. What would've caused a panic in one of Ugarit's major streets? The Sea Peoples.

(Ramses III fighting off the Sea Peoples, from his tomb at Medinet Habu.)

Carbon dating has placed the destruction of Ugarit around 1190 BC (Kaniewski et al. 2011), and in fact, there was an eclipse around then -- a partial eclipse, which is why Sawyer and Stephenson missed it, but one with 94% of the sun occluded, and with Mars nearby, on January 21, 1192 BC. If Dietrich and Loretz's hypothesis is right, this gives a nearly exact date for the destruction of Ugarit.

All of this is just a story, of course. One can imagine other explanations for the tablet, and in time people probably will. But to think that as the plague-god swallowed the sun, the marauders began to engulf the city -- that some panicked scribes and a sweaty-fingered courier recorded for eternity, not just the end of their city, but the beginning of the end of their whole civilization -- well -- what a story!

References:

de Jong, T. and W. H. van Soldt, 'The earliest known solar eclipse record redated', Nature 338 (1989), 238-240.

Dietrich, M. and O. Loretz, 'Der Untergang von Ugarit am 21. Januar 1192 v. Chr? Der astronomisch-hepatoskopische Bericht KTU 1.78 (RS 12.061)', Ugarit-Forschungen 34 (2002), 53-74.

Kaniewski, D. et al., 'The Sea Peoples, from Cuneiform Tablets to Carbon Dating', PLoS One 6 no. 6 (2011).

Pardee, D. and N. Swerdlow, 'Not the earliest solar eclipse', Nature 363 (1993), 406.

Sawyer, J. F. A. and F. R. Stephenson, 'Literary and Astronomical Evidence for a Total Eclipse of the Sun Observed in Ancient Ugarit on 3 May 1375 B. C.', Bulletin of the School of African and Oriental Studies 33 no. 3 (1970), 467-489.

Stephenson, F. R. 'How reliable are archaic records of large solar eclipses?', JHA 39 (2008), 229-250.

Walker, C. B. F., 'Eclipse seen at ancient Ugarit', Nature 338 (1989), 204-205.

#ancient near east #ancient astronomy #ugarit #eclipse

[political-affairs]

Rare 'Ring of Fire' solar eclipse - in pictures

An annular solar eclipse occurred on December 26, 2019. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. The annularity was visible in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Northern Mariana Islands, and Guam. Population centers in the path of the annularity included Kozhikode, Coimbatore, Jaffna, Trincomalee, Sibolga, Tanjung Pinang, Batam, Singapore, Singkawang and Guam. Cities such as Doha, Madurai, Pekanbaru, Dumai, Johor Bahru and Kuching narrowly missed the annular path.

Solar coronal magnetic fields play a key role in driving the space weather conditions. Direct observations of coronal magnetic fields is challenging. Such solar eclipse events present an outstanding opportunity for the scientists to constrain the theoretical models via observations. The magnetic field structure for this annular eclipse is predicted using a combination of data-constrained models. Prediction results can be found here. It was the last solar eclipse of 2019. The central path of the 2019 annular eclipse passed through Saudi Arabian Peninsula, southern India, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines and Guam. A partial eclipse was visible thousands of kilometers wide from the central path. It covered small parts of Eastern Europe, much of Asia, North/West Australia, East in Africa, Pacific and Indian Ocean. The eclipse started with an antumbra having a magnitude of .96; it stretched 164 kilometers wide, and traveled towards the east at an average rate of 1.1 kilometer per second. The longest duration of annularity was 3 minutes and 40 seconds, at 5.30 UT1 occurring in South China Sea (0°45'54.0"N 105°29'06.0"E).

The eclipse began in Saudi Arabia about 220 kilometers northeast of Riyadh at 03:43 UT1 and ended in Guam at 06:59.4 UT1. It reached India near Kannur, Kerala, at 03:56 UT1. The shadow reached the southeast coast of India at 04:04 UT1. Traveling through northern Sri Lanka, it headed into the Bay of Bengal. The next main visible places were Palau (Malaysia), Sumatra and Singapore. It then passed through the South China Sea, crossed Borneo and the Celebes Sea, the Philippines archipelago and then headed towards the western Pacific. The antumbral shadow encountered Guam at 6:56 UT1 and rose back into space.

#World #Astronomy #Moon #Science #Solar eclipse #Sun #Technology

[liliannorman]

Explainer: Understanding meteors and meteor showers

Every once in a while, on a clear, dark night, a tiny streak of light flashes across the sky. Commonly called a shooting star, it’s actually a space rock — usually a quite small one. It creates light as its friction with Earth’s atmosphere causes its outer surface to catch fire and burn. At certain times of year, a reliable “shower” of these rocks can enter the upper atmosphere, creating a fleeting light show.

Bigger incoming rocks can pass all the way through the atmosphere, creating a sonic boom and trail of falling rocky debris. 

Death by asteroid may come in unexpected ways

So how big are these rocks and where do they come from? The simple answer is, it varies — widely. They tend to be what’s left in the wake of comets or space junk. Some may even be asteroids. That last type can be plenty big enough to pose a lethal risk to anything in their path. 

Most, however, are silent, high-flying shooting stars. They enter the air as pebbles about the size of a pea. That means you could stow an entire locally viewed meteor shower in your backpack. 

The source of a meteor shower will depend on which one you’re watching. Each tends to take place at about the same time each year — when Earth plows through some long-lasting field of debris. This happens at the same point in our planet’s annual orbit around the sun. 

It’s kind of like driving on a warm summer day when your car enters a swarm of bugs. Even if the bugs are hovering and relatively still, their collision with your windshield will yield a loud splat (and leave a nasty streak on the glass). When a large enough meteor explodes in the lower atmosphere, it can cause a loud boom, depending on its size. It also sends a streak of light into the sky. 

Earth’s atmosphere is made of layers of air that become successively thicker the closer they get to the ground. When incoming space rocks hit the mesosphere, they encounter enough friction from that air that they heat up and start to burn.Crystal-K /iStock/Getty Images Plus

Earth’s gravity tugs at any nearby space rocks. As they get pulled into the upper atmosphere, they encounter drag. This friction releases an enormous amount of heat, igniting the meteor. The resulting fiery blaze can display a range of colors. 

Every meteor shower has a radiant. That’s a point in the sky from which all the meteors appear to come. It’s the direction Earth bulldozes through the debris stream. So the planet strikes individual rocks head-on from that angle. If you look right at the radiant, you’ll see only a quick flash of light. But meteors that you catch while looking at a right angle (sideways) to the radiant will have long, vibrant tails. 

Think about it like driving through a snowstorm at night. Imagine looking forward through the windshield. All the snowflakes seem to be heading straight at you because you’re moving straight at them. But gaze out the left or right window and the falling flakes will look like soft, white specks of light buzzing by. That’s because you’re moving parallel to the flakes’ motion. 

Where do their colors come from?

Every meteor streak has its own unique character. So do the showers. 

December’s Geminids are the most spectacular of all. They blaze emerald green, pink and violet. The August Perseid shower sends streaks of pink, lime green and purple. They flash across the sky in the blink of an eye. The Orionids in October are faster still but dimmer. Their streaks have a soft whitish-orange shimmer. 

Two processes account for those hues. 

As a meteor hurtles through the vacuum of space, there’s nothing to slow the extraterrestrial rock down. But once it encounters air resistance at the edge of Earth’s mesosphere, some 80.5 kilometers (50 miles) up, the rock gets hot. Enormously hot! That heat eventually causes the rock to burn. Its flames will have different colors, depending on the rock’s composition. Its elemental recipe determines the color of its glow. Metallic elements tend to burn brightest. 

Researchers with the Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic studied this in 2008. They looked at Geminid showers between 2004 and 2006. The “meteors were observed by image-intensified video cameras,” they reported. Then they applied a process called spectroscopy (Spek-TROS-koh-pee), which looks at how materials interact with light or emit light. This showed that some of the burning rock had been rich in magnesium, sodium and iron. The Perseids in August showed evidence of silicon and calcium, too.

If all these elements sound familiar, that’s because you’ve likely seen them on the back label of your breakfast cereal. Froot Loops contain them all. But that doesn’t mean dumping a bowl of Lucky Charms out your second-floor window will trigger a meteor shower. Indeed, speed is as important as the rocks’ ingredients.

As a meteor speeds through the atmosphere, it compresses the cushion of air trapped ahead of it. That “air pillow” is squeezed so much that it heats. When molecules absorb enough energy (here, heat), they can become excited — in a physical sense (not an emotional one). Afterward, they’ll release packets of light known as photons. The more energy going in, the more energetic the light that is later released. Higher energy photons will emit light having a higher frequency — also known as a higher wavelength. Purple light has a higher frequency than red. Ultraviolet light has a higher frequency than infrared. 

Most meteors entering Earth’s atmosphere burn up before reaching the ground. But there are the exceptions. This Barringer crater in Arizona marks where a 30- to 50-meter (98- to 164-foot) meteor survived to crash into the Earth 49,000 years ago.StephanHoerold /E+/Getty Images

Because the Geminids are slower, their light is mainly green. But even after a meteor has passed, it takes a while for the air molecules’ energy level to fall back to normal. That’s why a shimmering tail of light remains. That light also may be accompanied by smoke. 

It’s very rare for a meteor to survive and crash into the ground. On average, one basketball-sized meteor falls to Earth’s surface each month. 

To reach the ground, it must start out big enough so that it doesn’t burn completely during its trek through the atmosphere. One space-boulder crashed down just west of Detroit, Mich., in January 2018. Nearly 50,000 years ago, a far bigger one excavated 175 million tons of rock in what is now Arizona. The Barringer crater it left behind is nearly 1.6 kilometers (1 mile) wide and 174 meters (570 feet) deep.

Meteors that survive to reach the lower atmosphere hit more air resistance and as a result burn very bright. These are termed fireballs. The December Geminid showers and August’s Perseids produce large numbers of fireballs.

Bill Cooke heads NASA’s Meteoroid Environment Office. In this YouTube video he explains the difference between meteoroids, meteorites and fireballs.

How predictable are shower forecasts?

Weather permitting, people can see meteor showers many times a year. The Geminids’ peak shower spans several nights around the second week of December. Its light streaks tend to be bright, offering some of the best viewing of the year.

The Quadrantids arrive every January. They boast large numbers of shooting stars. In some years, people at many locations can see up to 100 per hour. But such peaks last only a few hours. 

Debris left by Halley’s Comet is the source of two showers. The first, in May, is known as the Eta Aquarid shower. The October Orionids is the second. (Halley’s Comet last swept through the night sky in 1986. It won’t be back until 2061.) 

The Areitid shower peaks around June 7th. It can bring more than 50 shooting stars per hour. That makes for comfortable warm viewing in the Northern Hemisphere. One might think that would make these showers widely viewed. In fact, they aren’t. Their radiant is so close to the sun that they are best seen right before sunset or sunrise. And because they are competing against that sunlight, only the brightest of the meteors will be visible. Plus, they mostly shower during the day. So unless a total solar eclipse blocks out the sun, they’ll zip through the skies unseen.

The August Perseid shower tends to be the most popular. It can send some 75 to 100 colorful meteors per hour across the sky. And the viewing will be summer warm in the Northern Hemisphere.

A handful of other lackluster meteor showers dot the night skies in other months, such as the Leonids each November. During its peak, that shower usually issues only about 15 meteors per hour. But even the Leonids can sometimes offer surprises. 

In 1966, this usual dud of a shower started our pretty quiet. Cloud cover socked in the East Coast. Out West, only the occasional few blips of light confirmed the Leonids had arrived. As a result, most stargazers went to bed disappointed. Back then, 10-year-old Joe Rao was among them. Now a meteorologist, he has never forgotten hearing what he missed that night. 

After 5 a.m., the sky seemed to explode. A torrential downpour of meteors sent more than 150,000 streaks of light across the sky in a single hour. That comes to more than 50 per second. After 90 incredible minutes, it was over. Such “meteor storms” develop when Earth’s orbit cuts through a trail of dense debris left by a comet or asteroid. 

What causes it? A large fragment likely broke off some huge rock, perhaps shattering in the process. That left a narrow and extremely dense cluster of shards. Once every 33 years or so, Earth passes through one of these pockets to create a Leonid storm. 

What if it’s cloudy?

Clouds can easily spoil the show from Earth’s surface. But that doesn’t mean the fun is ruined. NASA has a radar “listening station” for meteors in Huntsville, Ala. It lets anyone tune in to hear the blips as the shooting stars zip through the atmosphere. The radar signals are converted to sound waves. It’s best to listen for these during what would be Alabama’s predawn hours. That’s when more meteors enter the atmosphere — and do it with a greater velocity. This makes them easier to resolve on NASA instruments. And subsequently, you have greater odds of hearing the agency’s so-called “meteor radar.”

NASA is currently working on this system (so it is now unavailable). Meanwhile, another antenna in Washington, D.C., offers an alternative portal as a way to listen in. 

Explainer: Understanding meteors and meteor showers published first on https://triviaqaweb.tumblr.com/

[nessathawitch]

Solar Eclipse - Over the Continental United States, Canada, and Mexico

What is a Solar Eclipse?

A Solar Eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun. Every year or two, the orbit lines between the Moon and Sun line up perfectly, and the Moon passes directly in front of the Sun.

Size Comparison

The Sun is 100 times bigger than the Earth and the Earth is 4 times bigger than the Moon. This would make the Moon 400 times bigger than the Sun. Comparatively speaking, let's say that a 10 inch dinner plate is the Sun. On this scale the Earth would be the size of a peppercorn, and the Moon would be the size of a poppy seed. So as you can tell by the comparison, it does not make complete sense on how the eclipse happens. So even though the Sun is 400 times bigger than the Moon, it is also 400 times farther away from the Earth than the Moon. This means that the Sun and Moon, even though the size difference is so large, they appear the same size to us here on Earth.

The Path of Totality

When the Sun and the Moon cross paths, there are 2 types of shadows that occur. The Umbral Shadow and The Penumbral Shadow. The Umbral Shadow crosses the earth during a Solar Eclipse causing the Path of Totality.This happens on 0.3% of the Earth’s surface. The Umbral Shadow is where you can see 100% of the Solar Eclipse. In the Penumbral Shadow is where you can only see a partial Solar Eclipse, and the percent of the Solar Eclipse depends on where you are located in the Penumbral Shadow.

History of Eclipses

Back before we had cameras, astronomers, and internet, people did not understand what was exactly happening. All they knew was that all of a sudden in the middle of the day, the Earth went dark. They did not know if or when the Sun would return. They did not want to live in total darkness, so they started to do different things to make the Sun return. In China, they would light fires or shoot arrows at the Sun trying to make it catch fire again. In Europe, India, and Indonesia, it was thought that a monster, maybe a dragon, was trying to eat the sun. In turn, people would bang on pots, pans, and drums and make noise to try to scare the monster away. Eclipses were also seen as Omens. In 585 B.C. a total eclipse was a sign to set down their weapons and make peace. Once the eclipses were able to be predicted accurately, people started paying more attention to eclipses. By the mid 1800’s astronomers were traveling many miles just to see one. Before cameras were invented, artists would travel along with the scientists to try to capture what they were seeing, in a drawing or painting. By the late 1800’s photographs were developed and those who had never seen a total eclipse could finally believe what they had been told. The total eclipse of 1919 was used to confirm the bending of the starlight by gravity as predicted by Albert Einstein in his general theory of relativity.

The reason this Solar Eclipse is so special because the US Mainland has not seen a total Solar Eclipse since 1979. This eclipse swooped across Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota and then into Canada. In 1970 the Solar Eclipse went across the East Coastline from Florida to Virginia. The last Solar Eclipse that went Coast to Coast was on June 8th, 1918, and came over Oregon, Washington and then into Florida.

If you do miss tomorrow's eclipse, the next total Solar Eclipse in the US will be in 7 years, April 8tth, 2024. It will trace from Texas, through the Midwest, New York, New England, Maine, and Brunswick Canada.

Things You Can Do To Celebrate the Solar Eclipse

-Solar Eclipse Water

Supplies:

•Vessel to store the water in

•Water preferably from natural running water (Crystal Geyser works well since it is from a spring), or you can use tap water.

•Crystals (optional, research which ones will work best for the eclipse and intention you are looking for, or use clear quartz, as it helps magnify any vibrations)

•Sage (optional)

•Salt (optional)

The steps to add everything together are simple. Gather your supplies. You can sage and cleanse your vessel if you prefer. After preparing the vessel, you can pour the water into the vessel. You may add the crystals now if you would like. You can use the salt to make a ring around the vessel, or add it to the water to cleanse it as well. Then just set the vessel out directly under the eclipse, or in your windowsill. Don't worry if the eclipse is not particularly visible due to weather conditions. It will still gather the Solar Eclipse energy. You can leave it out for the entire eclipse. You may also say a blessing or chant as you prefer.

You can use the water in enchantments and spells involving rebirth, transformation, change, renewal, reflection, or release.

- You can charge your magickal tools outside but make sure that they are able to be left out in the Sun.

- Now is a great time to establish connections with the spirit realm.

- It is also a great time for curse work, and binding spells.

- You can use it to increase lunar power in yourself and your magickal objects

- Solar Eclipse Spell

This spell is designed to heal you, re-energize and refresh your soul. To help you break through life’s negativity that has built up on your shoulders and set you free.

Ingredients:

• Black candle

• White candle

• Candle Holder

Steps:

You want to start this before the eclipse starts.

1. Light the black candle and focus on all your struggles, emotional, physical and spiritual pain. Watch the candle burn and imagine it is your pain.

2. Blow out candle once the eclipse starts.

3. Remove black candle and replace with white candle that was nearby.

4. Light White candle and imagine bright and positive energy replacing all the negativity that’s gone.

5. Blow out candle once you feel ready to.

*Credit to green-witch97 on tumblr.

 *Information also obtained from Get Eclipsed: The Complete Guide to the American Eclipse by Pat and Fred Espenak.

 *Remember to safely view the Eclipse with the proper eye protection, and use the proper lenses for your camera, as it can ruin your eyes and lenses.

 Thank you for reading to the end of this long post. I hope that all of you enjoy this!!

[faichilleach347]

#Moon #BlackMoon #NewMoon #MoonOfTheMeadows #HydromelMoon 🇺🇸🇬🇧🌳☸️At every moment,a signal. At each signal,a reaction from you. It is then LIVING FOR REAL! Manuscript of the Dru-Weid's Words, nameless and faceless.☸️🌳 👋Madainn mhath!Hello everyone!👋 🌳🌿🌿🌿🌿🌳 🌑Today, Tuesday, July 2, 2019, Black Moon, total solar eclipse. The lunar month of July, from the Black Moon to the next, is called Moon of the meadows and Hydromel Moon🌑 🕰CUT(Coordinated Universal Time), at 7:16pm. France, Spain & Galicia, at 9:16pm. Scotland, Irland & Portugal, at 8:16pm. US East Coast, at 3:16pm. South America East Coast, at 4:16pm🕰 🌒The new Moon is 24 hours after the Dark Moon, when the Crescent Moon begins to appear.🌒 🌑Increasing Moon for 2 weeks, until the next full moon🌕 🌳🌿🌿🌿🌿🌳 👉If you want a personalized guidance or consultation, It is here-> http://www.cristal-iris.com/consultation-tarifs.html 👈 👋Latha mhath!Have a good day!👋 🌳🌍🌑Cristal Iris🌕 www.cristal-iris.com ✨ https://m.facebook.com/cristal.iris7/ ✨ https://www.instagram.com/faichilleach/?hl=fr 🌞#médium #psychic #spirit #coachdevie #lifecoach #guidance #guide #éveil #awakening #spiritualité #spirituality #guidespirite #spiritguide #spirituelle #spiritual #celtique #celtic #TerreMère #MotherEarth #FlammesJumelles #TwinFlames #AmesSoeurs #SoulMates #RelationsSacrées #SacredRelationships 🌳 https://www.instagram.com/p/BzaI50biDW5/?igshid=16dvrw4iwzcog

#moon #blackmoon #newmoon #moonofthemeadows #hydromelmoon #médium #psychic #spirit #coachdevie #lifecoach #guidance #guide #éveil #awakening #spiritualité #spirituality #guidespirite #spiritguide #spirituelle #spiritual #celtique #celtic #terremère #motherearth #flammesjumelles #twinflames #amessoeurs #soulmates #relationssacrées #sacredrelationships

[lovehaswonangelnumbers]

New Post has been published on https://lovehaswonangelnumbers.org/planet-alert-june-2019-mars-pluto-saturn-and-capricorn/

Planet Alert, June 2019 ~ Mars, Pluto, Saturn and Capricorn

Planet Alert, June 2019 ~ Mars, Pluto, Saturn and Capricorn

By Mahala Gayle

Hello all of you beautiful light Beings. Are you ready to go through a very accelerated period of chaos, or are you able to tune into the high frequency energy that has been coming to Earth for a couple of years now? I hope you are feeling the wonderful love vibration that is now here in full force. All you have to do is focus on tuning into that wonderful energy. It is really nice to feel the vibration of love. The energy also seems to be lighter and brighter here in Seattle. I look outside and see beauty everywhere, even if it is raining or cloudy.

We just experienced the New Moon on June 3, 2019 at 3:02 AM PDT and this new moon ushered in a very chaotic period of time. This energy will last for a couple of months, or more so keep your cool as things began to change. We have needed to experience chaos because out of chaos comes a new reality. I am really excited about all the new energy that has come to Earth in the past three years so we can now create the reality we choose to live in. We should be flying high right now, although some people are still depressed and going through the releasing process so they can become clear channels of light.

The planet Mars is dominant right now and Mars will be dominant until July 25, 2019. Mars will be opposing Saturn and Pluto all month by declination. This is a very challenging energy for the world. Mars was activating Washington D.C on the day of this past new moon. It was exact on June 4/5. Washington D.C. corresponds to the polarity of 13 degrees Cancer/Capricorn. Pluto, the transformer is in Capricorn which rules governments, and makes a square to the Dwarf planet Eris which rules chaos. This energy will be affecting Washington D.C. very strongly until July 4 when the sun will again be highlighting that city.

When Pluto is in opposition to a person’s Saturn, especially if they are in a position of leadership it brings a very disturbing energy into effect. Trump’s Saturn is in exact opposition to Pluto right now and making a square to Eris. The energy from this transit can make the individual subject to dishonesty, blackmail, or power struggles in his business, professional, or political affairs. This is not a good energy for our president. We will see how this energy works out for him. Trump has acted as a great awakener for many people. Look at how many people have become aware of what is going on in the world. This is the first step to Unity Consciousness.

There is much light on earth right now and if you look you can see how bright the light has become since March of 2019. There are many good things happening in our world that we are not aware of. We just hear about the bad things and that is what creates fear. It would be nice if the news would tell us about the good things that are also happening in our world.

June will be a very busy month because the sun is in the sign of Gemini. The full moon will be on June 17, 2019 at 1:31 AM PDT. At that time Saturn will be exactly conjunct the south node of the moon on 18 degrees Capricorn. This energy will again bring up things from the past that needs to be looked at and released. The energy of this full moon will also bring us protection from groups of people who have our best interest at heart. We are in the time of the return of the Thunder Beings who are space friends and they are here in mass right now to help us get through this change. No worry! We are protected. Check out this link The Event Briefing Operation Freedom Earth Continues.

We will also feel the energy from the Summer Solstice which occurs on June 21 at 8:54 AM PDT. The Sun lines up with the energy of the Galactic Center at that time. We always feel a strong energy when we experience a Solstice or an Equinox. Scientists have proven that an energy wave occurs at those time periods.

There will be two eclipses in July. The first one will be a solar eclipse on July 2, 2019 at 12:16 PM PDT. Being the sun will be affecting Washington D.C by degree at that time this will be a very important event for our government. The spotlight will be on our Capitol and our president.

At the time of this eclipse the sun will be on 10 degrees Cancer. This is the degree of “The overcoming of fear and its rewards”. If we start overcoming our fear, this eclipse will be wonderful energy. I know that everyone is not ready to do that, although for those who are ready to release their fear it will be a wonderful event. On the negative side Pluto will be conjunct Lilith squaring Eris. Chaos will continue all over the world.

There have been many storms and the intensity of these storms has increased. The Midwest sure had their share of storms and now the energy is moving from the Mississippi River eastward over the East Coast and down south including Venezuela and the Caribbean. Venezuela has been under the influence of Pluto (transformer) and the people there have been experiencing much chaos for a long time. This will continue.

Because we are at the ending of an age there have been many Earth changes all over the world. The Earth has been cleansing herself by all of the flooding that has been occurring in many areas. The storms are increasing so fast that it seems like there is a large event going on almost every day. I noticed that Mt Etna started erupting again. Europe has also been having many changes in various ways.

I see that the leaders of Russia and China just signed a treaty. This sounds like Bible prophecy to me. I have heard for years that at the time of the end Russia and China will unite against the United States. How will that work out? Right now, we are in a trade war with China. It looks like that will continue for a while and this is not good for our farmers. We also have a challenge with Iran. It is always darkest before the dawn so stay out of fear as the old continues to crumble and the new begins to appear.

We are moving into a new time-line right now where everything will change and we will become free, as soon as we realize that we are free. We have had much help from our space friends for many years. They have neutralized atomic bombs when they have been loaded and ready to go because they will not allow an atomic war. They have taken out many dark bases that were all over the world. They will continue to help us move into this new world of peace and unity consciousness. It is just a breath away. Enjoy life, be happy, go out into nature and enjoy the flowers, the trees, and the animals. We do live on a beautiful planet. So Be It!

I send you much love and light! *** Mahala Gayle ***

I am a Galactic communicator from the Pleiades Star System and also have a strong connection to Arcturus. I can be reached at [email protected]. Blessings to all of you!

~~~~~~~~~

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[phynxrizng]

THE GREAT AMERICAN SOLAR ECLIPSE....

Found in, New post on Witches Of The Craft®

The Great American Solar Eclipse by ladyoftheabyss

The Great American Solar Eclipse Get ready for this once-in-a-lifetime event on August 21, 2017

Source, By Tarot.com Staff

Videos, Solar-eclipse, Eclipse, Astrology

This will never happen again in your lifetime! On August 21, 2017, a truly historic event will take place in the skies: a Total Solar Eclipse will cross the entire United States from West Coast to East Coast. The last time an eclipse spanned the United States (and only the United States) was before the "United States" even existed ... in the year 1257!

In general, Total Eclipses over even the slightest part of the U.S. have been rare during our lifetime -- the last Total Eclipse that was visible to anyone in the U.S. was in 1991, but you could only see it from Hawaii. Before that, there was a Total Eclipse visible in 1979, but that one was only visible in the Northwest states, and one in 1970 that could only be seen on the East Coast. Otherwise, the only eclipses you've seen in the U.S. in nearly 50 years have been partial eclipses. Hopefully by now you are realizing what an incredibly rare treat this upcoming eclipse is!

Spanning from Oregon to South Carolina, this epic cosmic event has been named the Great American Eclipse. The "path of totality" (where you must be in order to see the Total Eclipse) also crosses over parts of Idaho, Wyoming, Nebraska, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, and North Carolina. Thankfully, even if you aren't in the path of totality during the eclipse, you can still see a partial eclipse from most of the U.S. However, the closer you are to the path of totality, the more impactful the eclipse will be! The path of totality:

What is a Total Solar Eclipse?

During a Total Solar Eclipse, the Moon passes in front of the Sun, totally blocking out the Sun and its light from our view here on Earth. Because the Sun and Moon must be in the same place in the sky, a Solar Eclipse will always happen on a New Moon. On August 21, 2017, for 2 minutes or more, those in the path of totality will experience a complete blackout. It will be as if night has suddenly fallen upon us in the middle of the day. You will be able to see the stars against the black sky, and Mercury, Venus, and Mars will all be visible, too! Plants and animals are even tricked by this brief but total darkness, and will immediately react as if it is nighttime.

If you are near, but not in, the path of totality during this Great American Eclipse, you will see the Sun partially eclipsed by the Moon, but you will not experience total darkness. What does this mean in Astrology?

This Great American Eclipse will happen when both the Sun and Moon are in Leo, and coincides with the Leo New Moon. Leo is a sign of expression and creativity, but also drama and pride, so you can expect things to get intense around this eclipse!

Astrologer Rick Levine explains, "Solar Eclipses may appear disruptive as they break up blockages in our lives." This Solar Eclipse in Leo offers you a profound opportunity to realize the changes you must make in your own life.

Source, Part of the Daily Insight Group ©2017

ladyoftheabyss | August 15, 2017 at 6:51 pm | Categories: Articles, Daily Posts | URL: http://wp.me/p8edJu-GrJ

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[roberteshelman-hakansson]

Summer 2017 Reading List

Happy Summer Solstice.

… and speaking of paganism through the millennia, I edited a piece today by Jen Viegas on human curiosity about solar eclipses throughout the ages. If you hadn’t heard, a total eclipse of the sun will occur on August 21st and the continental United States is the ideal place to view the event. While New York City is far north of the ideal location to view the eclipse on the East Coast, we should still experience some of the dramatic light changes that mystified and terrified and inspired people 5,000 years ago at Stonehenge, in Paris during the 20th-century emergence of photography, and at NASA's research centers today.

But much of my summer will be spent reading. Here’s what I’ve got lined up.

“Fossil Capital” by Andreas Malm (Verso, 2016) has been on my list going back to winter 2016. I just haven’t gotten to it as I’ve been occupied with tomes like Karl Ove Knausgaard’s fifth volume of "My Struggle" and Hannah Arendt’s "The Origins of Totalitarianism," which I’m still working through.

Here’s the description I wrote back in December:

It’s no accident, says Malm, that coal was used to power the 19th-century steam engines. Mining provided a method for subordinating labor. From that history, we get a century and a half of fossil-fuel burning — and climate change. With such a twined history of environmental and labor exploitation, confronting climate change requires a broader view than simply switching fuel sources.

I just picked up “October: The Story of the Russian Revolution” (Verso, 2017) by China Miévile. I had eyed this back in May when it was published, but then Corey Robin wrote some brief reflections on it and gave it a thumbs up. Now I feel compelled to read it.

A former graduate school colleague of mine, Dan Egan, is out with a book about the Great Lakes, which he’s covered for many years as a reporter at the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. With a hat tip to Jane Jacob’s classic on American cities, Egan’s “The Death and Life of the Great Lakes” (Norton, 2017) is a portrait of a remarkable fresh water ecosystem and the ways human activities are destroying it and, in turn, a vital source of sustenance, recreation, and livelihoods.

I read it years ago, but I’ll be rereading James Baldwin’s novel “Giovanni’s Room” (Vintage, 2013). If you haven’t seen it, I urge you to check out the Raoul Peck’s “I Am Not Your Negro,” a fantastic profile of Baldwin, which is packed with footage of the young author delivering incisive critiques of America. I've always been drawn to Baldwin as a writer and critic and look to find some deeper insights in "Giovanni's Room" than when I read it as a Berlin squatter hitchhiking across Greece in December... many, many years ago.

It’s a thin reading list, I know. But I’m keeping some slots open for new books that will appear in the coming months.

Happy reading…

#summer reading #books