Stripes are always the answer, whether you want to stand out or blend in! It’s International Zebra Day, and we’re celebrating one of planet Earth’s most iconic species: the zebra. Found in parts of Eastern and Southern Africa, these equids can run as fast as 40 mph (64.4 kph). A zebra’s stripes are also as distinct as human fingerprints—no two animals have the same pattern! But what purpose do they serve? The short answer is that we aren’t sure. Scientists have hypothesized that zebras’ bold patterns may confuse predators, creating an optical illusion that blurs each individual’s outline in a herd. Other research suggests that zebra stripes might repel disease-carrying flies or aid in thermoregulation.
Photo: Michael Mwakalundwa, CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons
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Zebra stripes have long fascinated us, and there is no clear purpose yet identified despite the many hypotheses to explain this phenomenon. Deterring biting flies, predator confusion, dispersing heat, or maybe they just look cool to mates. Below are some of the hundreds of articles on the subject.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20191031-the-truth-behind-why-zebras-have-stripes
“Horseflies would try to land on the stripes, but then fail to decelerate as they normally would, and bounce off. It looks as if they cannot recognize that black and white surface as a good landing spot.”
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms4535 The Function of Zebra Stripes, Caro et al, ‘Nature Communications’ (5) Article 3535(2014)
“There is no consistent support for camouflage, predator avoidance, heat management or social interaction hypotheses.”
“There are significant associations between… biting fly annoyance and most striping measures.”
https://www.wired.com/story/scientists-reexamine-why-zebra-stripes-mysteriously-repel-flies/
“Flies get fooled by the ‘barber pole’ illusion.”
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsos.140452 How the Zebra Got its Stripes: A Problem With Too Many Solutions. Larison, et al. Royal Society Open Science (2)1 2015
“We found no evidence that striping evolved to escape predators or avoid biting flies. Instead, we found that temperature successfully predicts a substantial amount of the stripe pattern variation.”
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23736929 Zebra Stripes as an Amplifier of Individual Quality? Liftoff, et al. Annales Zoologici Fennici Vol 44, No 5 (2007) pp 368-376
“Behaviorally deviant objects were easiest observed in flocks of zebra striped objects.”
https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/121/4/947/3821253 Zebra Stripes: An Interspecies Signal to Facilitate Mixed Species Herding? Ireland, et al. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol 121, #4 Aug 2017 pp 947-952.
“To facilitate formation of mixed-species groups, it would benefit zebra to be more visible and conspicuous to potential herd mates, and we speculate stripes evolved as a signal to enhance this.”
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