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Chinese Chang'e spacecraft's images of the moon cast doubt on Apollo photos
This part focuses on images from China's Chang'e space programme. Especially these days, soil from the Moon is being flown back to Earth in China's Chang'e 5 spacecraft.
Chang'e is the name of the moon goddess in Chinese mythology. Therefore, it is not a coincidence that this name was chosen. I suggest that we first turn our attention to the information on this Chinese lunar programme as a whole under this name.
The programme, of course, began with the Chang'e-1 spacecraft. It was launched in 2007 and spent two years photographing the lunar surface to produce a three-dimensional topographic map. You could say the Chinese created their own globe of the moon, along the lines of the Google Moon programme.
As much as 1.37Tb of information was transmitted to Earth. They also obtained data on the distribution of titanium, iron and helium-3 on the Moon. The Chinese have ambitious plans: building a base on the Moon by 2030, commercial mining and manned flights. At the end of the mission, the craft was smashed on the lunar surface.
Having searched a bit, I did not find any photos of this first vehicle. Only a picture of an animated model of what it looked like:
The Chang'e-2 interplanetary automatic space station.
Launched in 2010 to survey the surface and select Chang'e-3 for landing. That is, the photography is to be of a higher volume and resolution than that of Chang'e-1. Interesting fact: There was an official ceremony on 8 November 2010 to show Chang'eh-2's photo of a part of the surface called Rainbow Bay (the future landing site of Chang'eh-3).
The mission was followed by a mission to the asteroid Tautatis in 2012. And by the end of 2012, it had passed it at a distance of about 3km, taking photographs.
Also in 2012, China's Office of Defense Science, Technology and Industry published a topographical map showing the surface of the Moon at resolutions of 7, 20 and 50 meters/pixel. And a surface elemental composition map at 30 m/pixel resolution.
Most likely this is closed data. And with such resolution one can reliably see at least the impact sites on the lunar surface of the Apollo launch vehicles.
In December 2013, the third spacecraft, Chang'e-3, was launched.
This vehicle made the first soft landing on the surface of the Moon in the history of Chinese astronautics. Yes, even with the lunar rover.
The equipment on Chang'e-3 was serious. And allowed to study the lunar geology to depths of 100m. There was even a telescope. To capture images, the vehicle had three panoramic cameras (360-degree view). The lunar rover was called Yuitu (Jade Hare). And photos from this Chinese mission are in the public domain. See and analyse:
1. the brown, almost brown colour of the lunar soil. 2. The Yuitu lunar rover in the background with a brown tint of soil. The ground is likely to have been illuminated by solar radiation. Such an effect can also be observed by the human eye on Earth in clear spring weather when there is still no green tone from vegetation. 3. Similar picture. 4, 5, 6. Lunar surface showing black starless space. Also a brown tone. No stars visible due to illumination (high flux of sunlight and too strong reflectivity of the ground).
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