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A Brief Study of Middleware Technologies: Programming Applications and Management Systems | Chapter 15 | Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 1

Many platforms, services, applications, hardware, and operating systems are connected through the middleware layer. Because the middleware layer abstracts much low-level complexity and makes applications and software systems portable, it allows disparate systems to interface and function together in harmony. Middleware technologies enable software engineers to swiftly construct software systems and applications, allowing developers to focus on more important tasks. This chapter examines several types of middleware systems and discusses middleware capabilities, middleware operation, middleware's function in cloud-based systems, and the best middleware platforms to use. Middleware systems are widely utilised and can be found in practically any software system or application. Middleware programmes provide as a link between many sorts of systems and protocols. They serve as a mechanism for various systems. To successfully exchange information, it runs on a variety of operating systems and uses a variety of communication protocols. Author (s) Details Prashant Verma Senior Product and Technology Leader and a Silicon Valley veteran based out of Cupertino, California, USA. View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMCS-V1/article/view/6743

#Middleware #message-oriented middleware #RPC #API #EAI #enterprise application integration.

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Red Blood Cell Histogram and Indices Obtained through Automated Hematology Analyzer and Comparing it with Manual Blood Film Examination | Chapter  10 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

Background: Using an automated haematology analyzer in a haematology laboratory is now both a routine and a critical requirement. Anemia is a widespread ailment all over the world, and there is an increasing need to diagnose and treat it because it can have a variety of long-term effects.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the red blood cell histogram and indices obtained with an automated haematology analyzer to manual blood film assessment in anaemia patients.

This observational cross-sectional study was carried out in the Central Hematology Laboratory of the Pathology Department in a tertiary care centre in Gujarat. The study comprised thirty patients with anaemia who visited numerous departments for varied reasons. Demographic information and laboratory data were collected. The analysis was carried out using Epi Info software. The study included a total of 130 patients who met the WHO anaemia diagnostic criteria. In our study, the histogram's sensitivity was found to be 87.6 percent. The red blood cell histogram and indices for microcytic hypochormic anaemia have 94.2 percent sensitivity and 63.1 percent specificity, respectively. The red blood cell histogram and indices for normocytic anaemia had 96.7 percent sensitivity and 49.1 percent specificity, respectively. The red blood cell histogram and indices for macrocytic anaemia have sensitivity and specificity of 98.2 percent and 90.3 percent, respectively.

Conclusion: While red blood cell histograms and indices on automated haematology analyzers are useful for initial screening and providing an overall picture of the type of anaemia, manual blood film examination remains the gold standard test for final diagnosis and confirmation.

Author(S) Details

Trupti R. Jansari

Department of Pathology, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara, India.

Jigna P. Patel

Department of Pathology, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara, India.

Amit P. Chauhan

Department of Anaesthesiology, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara, India.

Jasmin Jasani

Department of Pathology, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara, India.

View Book:-

https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6668

#Automated hematology analyzers #histograms #anemia

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Outcomes of Multi-parametric MRI-US Cognitive Fusion Transperineal Prostate Biopsy | Chapter  09 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

The goal of this study was to present the results of a single tertiary institution's multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Ultrasound (mpMRI-US) Cognitive Fusion Template-guided Transperineal Prostate Biopsy (TPB).

Retrospective study design.

Study Location and Duration: Between April 2017 and December 2019, a sample was taken from the Department of Urology at the Kuala Lumpur General Hospital.

Methodology: Patients who received mpMRI-US cognitive fusion template-guided TPB and had Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 3-5 on mpMRI were retrospectively recruited. The data was analysed to see how often PCa was detected, how accurate mpMRI diagnostics were, and how often post-TPB complications were. Gleason 3+4 was used to define clinically significant PCa (csPCa).

A total of 122 patients were included in the study, with 330 PI-RADS 3-5 lesions assessed. The average age was 66, the average prostate specific antigen concentration was 15.5 ng/mL, and 56.6 biopsy cores were used on average. The participants included 54.1 percent Chinese, 38.5 percent Malays, 4.9 percent Indians, and 2.5 percent Others. Repeat biopsy (70.5%), biopsy naive (21.3%), and re-staging (21.3%) were the three groupings (8.2 percent ). The overall detection rates for PCa and csPCa were 43.4 percent and 24.6 percent, respectively. In PI-RADS 3, 4, and 5, csPCa was found in 43.8 percent, 48.6 percent, and 66.7 percent, respectively. mpMRI missed 19.4% of PCa, with Gleason accounting for 66.7 percent of them. 6. Disease upstaged in 50% of active surveillance patients. mpMRI demonstrated an 87 percent sensitivity, 86.1 percent specificity, 13.1 percent positive predictive value, and 99.6 percent negative predictive value for csPCa detection. Age (P.001), Indian race (P =.007), and prostate volume (P.001) were all statistically significant on multivariate analysis. There was no death, and the complication incidence was low (4.9 percent acute urinary retention, 9 percent hematuria, and 0.8 percent infection).

Conclusion: The use of mpMRI for csPCa detection is critical. The more PI-RADS, the more csPCa was discovered. Our experience with MRI-US cognitive fusion template-guided TPB gives consistent results with other research in terms of total PCa detection, detection rate of low-grade PCa in'missed' lesions in mpMRI, correlation between PCa detection and greater prostate size, and diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI. We also discovered that mpMRI had a high diagnostic accuracy for PCa detection and had low TPB complication rates.

Author(S) Details

Mohd Najib Aziz

Department of Urology, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Jalan Pahang, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Vijayan Manogran

Department of Urology, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Jalan Pahang, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

View Book:-

https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6667

#Prostate cancer #multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging #transperineal biopsy of prostate

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A Treatment to Enhance Social Reading Capabilities in a Gifted Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder | Chapter  08 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

Social cognitive problems have been found in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The goal of this clinical case study was to describe the social cognition evaluation and treatment of SC (9 years old), a talented child with ASD and a high verbal IQ (146). The treatment's goals were to increase the child's ability to decode social behaviour and to strengthen his mentalistic reasoning. Theory of mind, emotion perception, and pragmatic abilities were all evaluated, and deficiencies were discovered in each. During the four-month treatment, which was divided into 14 sessions, SC's ability to notice emotions and comprehend mental states was to be improved. The main method of the intervention was "social reading" with video snippets. The first assessment was repeated in a follow-up session after the treatment. The social cognition assessments improved at the end of the treatment and during the follow-up. The results of this case study suggest that "social reading" could be a valuable method for children with high-functioning ASD, especially gifted youngsters. Author(S) Details Sergio Melogno Department of Human Neurosciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy and Faculty of Psychology, Niccolò Cusano Telematic University of Rome, Italy. Barbara Trimarco Department of Human Neurosciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy. Maria Antonietta Pinto Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy. Gabriel Levi Department of Human Neurosciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy. View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6666

#Autism spectrum disorder #gifted child #social cognition #treatment #assessment

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Neutrophils in Rectal Cancer: The Sarandria Score - a New Clinical Prognostic and Predictive Score and Further Proof of Identifying Rectal Cancer as a Separate Clinical and Pathological Entity from Colon Cancer | Chapter  07 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

This study aims to provide fresh insight on neutrophils' role in rectal cancer while also emphasising the differences between rectal and colon cancer, as well as strengthen and emphasise a new clinical prognostic and predictive scoring system (Sarandria Score). This research offers a new scoring method for patients with stage III rectal cancer that may be used as an inclusion criterion as well as a predictive and prognostic scoring system.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, making it a serious public health concern. Various studies have discovered significant disparities in adjuvant therapy responsiveness and prognosis dependent on the primary site of CRC (right-sided colon, left-sided colon, rectum). A larger density of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) has previously been linked to a better response to 5-FU-based treatment in stage III CRC patients.

Results: This chapter assesses the current state of knowledge on neutrophil participation in colorectal cancer, including a novel finding on the role of neutrophils in rectal cancer discovered by Dr. Nicola Sarandria. When chemotherapeutic drugs are present, it covers a number of variables that point to neutrophils playing an anti-tumor role in rectal cancer (such as 5-fluorouracil). The clinical significance of TANs was studied, as well as if it altered depending on the location of the primary CRC (right-sided colon, left-sided colon, rectum).

Conclusions: This chapter introduces the Sarandria Score, a new clinical prognostic and predictive scoring system for rectal cancer patients with intratumoral neutrophilic infiltration, as well as the possibility of a new inclusion criteria for Stage III rectal cancer patients receiving 5-FU therapy based on this infiltrate. Higher TANs densities were connected to greater disease-free survival (DFS) in rectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU, according to the author's medical degree thesis (while it was inversely related in patients without 5-FU therapy). This adds to the growing body of data showing colorectal cancer can be separated into two types: colon and rectal cancer.

Author(S) Details

Nicola Sarandria

University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

View Book:-

https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6665

#Rectal cancer #neutrophils #5-fluorouracil #neutrophils and cancer #colorectal cancer

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Assessment of Albumin Status in Hypertensive Patients with or Without Cataract in Nigeria | Chapter  06 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

The Eye Foundation Hospital in Itamogiri, Ijebu – Mushin in the Ijebu-East Local Government Area and the General Hospital in Ijebu-Ode in Ogun State, Nigeria, investigated albumin levels in hypertensive patients with and without cataracts. Simple random selection was used to choose 150 samples from the study area. There was no significant difference in albumin levels between the control group (MeanSD=48.128.20g/L) and test group A (MeanSD = 49.1910.19g/L), but there was a significant reduction in albumin concentration in test group B with MeanSD = 44.3511.99g/L, indicating hypertension (with cataract) had significantly lower levels of plasma albu. This shows that cataracts may have a direct impact on the serum albumin concentration of hypertension patients. Following an analysis of serum electrolyte levels, such persons should be advised to adopt a salt-restricted diet, which may assist to reduce cataract development and progression. Author(S) Details Z. M. Oladunjoye Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Ogun State College of Health Technology, Ilese- Ijebu, Nigeria. J. A. Quadri Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Oyo State, Nigeria. View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6664

#Albumin #cataract #hypertension #spectrophotometer

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Functional Assessment of Currently Employed Technology Scale (FACETS) | Chapter  05 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

Introduction: In the absence of statistics demonstrating that patients, particularly older persons, use information technology, insurers, institutional, and independent health-care providers have increased their use of websites for patient communication (IT). The FACETS (Functional Assessment of Currently Employed Technology Scale) was created to measure the frequency of internet and IT use among patients of various ages. FACETS is a 10-item questionnaire that evaluates five functional domains and has excellent internal consistency reliability, great general factor validity, and strong domain factor validity. According to FACETS research, IT usage decreases considerably as people get older than 60. The findings also show that when it comes to IT use, those over 65 are not a homogeneous group, nor is IT use a homogeneous category. FACETS illustrates that using websites to communicate with older adults may constitute a barrier to health care access. It is proposed that internet and IT usage be included as a specialised area of assessment or therapy in health care guidelines for working with older individuals. Author(S) Details Charles M. Lepkowsky Independent Practice, 1143 Deer Trail Lane, Solvang, CA 93463-9519, United States. View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6663

#Digital inequality #internet #older adults #access to health care

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New Case Report on Punctal Stenosis -A Rare Complication of Dupilumab Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis | Chapter  04 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

Background: Dupilumab is a biological medicine licenced for the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) that has been shown in clinical trials to have a strong therapeutic effect and ability to improve quality of life. The most prevalent side effects of dupilumab therapy were upper respiratory tract infection, headache, nasopharyngitis, injection-site reaction, herpes viral infection, and conjunctivitis. Punctal stenosis, also known as dupilumab-induced lacrimal duct obstruction, is a rare and poorly understood side effect of the medicine.

Aim: To present a novel case of a young female with a history of Alzheimer's disease but no prior major ocular signs who developed right eye punctal stenosis after one year of Dupilumab medication.

Case Report: A 19-year-old female with a long history of Alzheimer's disease who developed severe punctal stenosis and continued tearing from her right eye in the last two months and was on dupilumab therapy for a year did not respond to conservative ophthalmological drugs, but completely improved after discontinuing dupilumab injection over a 6-month follow-up period.

Conjunctivitis is a well-known side effect of Dupilumab injections in people with Alzheimer's disease. If conjunctivitis and eye tears persist following ophthalmology treatment, punctal stenosis may be suspected, and dupilumab should be discontinued.

Author(S) Details

Waqas S. Abdulwahhab

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Al Qassimi Hospital, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

Fatima Ibrahim Alamiri

Department of Ophthalmology, Al Qassimi Hospital, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

Alaa S. Mehair

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Al Qassimi Hospital, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

Fatma Abdulghaffar Qaderi

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Al Qassimi Hospital, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

View Book:-

https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6662

#Atopic dermatitis #conjunctivitis #dupilumab #punctual stenosis

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Hysteroscopy and 3D Ultrasound for Diagnosing Uterine Cavity Abnormalities: A Comparative Study | Chapter  03 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

Hysterosalpingography (HSG), Trans Vaginal Ultrasonography (TVS), Sonohysterography (SHG), and Hysteroscopy can all be used to evaluate the uterine cavity. Endometrial polyps, submucous myomas, intrauterine adhesions, endometritis, and uterine septum anomalies can cause abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in the form of menorrhagia or metrorrhagia, as well as infertility. As a result, excluding intrauterine disease is critical for treating irregular uterine bleeding and infertility.

In patients with abnormal uterine haemorrhage and infertility, compare the diagnostic accuracy and efficacy of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (3D-TVS) with hysteroscopy in detecting uterine cavity abnormalities.

From January 2018 to February 2019, an observational prospective study was undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at the Institute of Kidney Disease & Research Centre, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.

Material and Methods: A prospective study of 200 patients with abnormal uterine haemorrhage and infertility was conducted. The main complaint of 100 patients was abnormal uterine bleeding, while the main complaint of 100 patients was infertility. In the mid to late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, 2D Transvaginal Ultrasonography was conducted, followed by 3D Ultrasonography and hysteroscopy. The characteristics and anomalies of the uterine cavity were identified.

Numbers and percentages were used to present qualitative data. The chi-square test was used to estimate group comparisons. Hysteroscopy detected abnormal findings in 32.5 percent of patients, while 3D Ultrasonography detected abnormal findings in 20% of patients. It was considered significant if the probability value (p value) was less than 0.01. On hysteroscopy, 14 percent of patients had endometrial polyps, compared to 7.5 percent on 3D Ultrasonography, with a p-value of 0.04.

Conclusion: Hysteroscopy is a safe and effective method for evaluating benign endometrial lesions and providing direct sight of the uterine interior. In a select circumstances, it allows for simultaneous therapy or biopsy operations, whereas 3D USG is a non-invasive tool for basic uterine and adnexal examination.

Author(S) Details

Rohina Aggarwal

Department Of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Institute of Kidney disease & Research Centre, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.

Vineet Mishra

Department Of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Institute of Kidney disease & Research Centre, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.

View Book:-

https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6661

#Uterine cavity #Trans Vaginal Ultrasonography (TVS) #hysteroscopy #infertility #Abnormal #Uterine Bleeding ( AUB)

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Donepezil and  α-synuclein Constipation: A Longitudinal Study | Chapter  02 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

In a case study, four patients with -synuclein or Lewy body disorders were diagnosed at various stages of their illness. In persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Neurocognitive Disorder with Lewy Bodies, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) Donepezil was used to treat symptoms of constipation, obstipation, and impaction (NCDLB). Obstipation is characterised as severe constipation with bowel motions occurring only once or twice a week. Donepezil was connected to a significant reduction in symptom severity in all four individuals, which was sustained at six, twelve, eighteen, thirty-six, and forty-eight month intervals with no apparent loss in bowel motility or the introduction of new symptoms. According to the findings, the AChEI Donepezil can assist people with -synuclein disorders reduce their constipation, obstipation, and impaction symptoms over time. Author(S) Details Charles M. Lepkowsky Independent Practice, 1143 Deer Trail Lane, Solvang, CA 93463-9519, United States. View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6660

#Neurocognitive disorder with lewy bodies` #Parkinson’s disease #constipation #donepezil #acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

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Women's Perceptions and Attitudes toward Family Planning and Its Barriers in Poor Rural Settings: Advancing Rwanda’s Family Planning Policy | Chapter  01 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

Family planning (FP) was identified as a national priority for poverty reduction and socioeconomic development by Rwanda's government in 2012. On the other hand, rural areas continue to contribute to greater fertility rates. To aid in the successful implementation of family planning policies in poor rural communities, this study first investigated sociocultural perceptions and attitudes that stymie FP acceptance in poor rural households, and then inferred critical strategies that could be used to influence rural people's perceptions and behaviour shifts in favour of contraception use and smaller family size to take advantage of smaller families' health and educational opportunities.

A quantitative cross-sectional design determined FP use in homes, whereas a qualitative methodology investigated socio-cultural factors that hampered FP use. A total of 119 families with women of reproductive age (15–45) in Karongi District, Rwanda's western province, were selected.

Social and cultural standards had little effect on contraception use (32.8%) or exclusively favoured natural methods (12.6 percent). Religious norms accounted for 38.5 percent of social norms, with Christianity (91.8 percent) promoting the use of natural techniques, preferably abstinence, rather than modern procedures (which were perceived as murdering children) (73.3 percent). Cultural norms (17.9%) influenced families to have a large number of children as a source of wealth, proof of productivity, and a way to relieve parents' workloads, such as assisting mothers in family activities like cooking and assisting fathers in farming activities like keeping cows, goats, and pigs. Other attitudes included spousal rejection (men dominated in making FP decisions in households) (2.5 percent), and other non-users of modern procedures (28.2 percent) were concerned about negative effects.

In poor rural regions, religious, social, and cultural traditions have an impact on FP. Men and religious leaders should be targeted as essential partners who influence women's decisions in order to accelerate FP adoption.

Author(S) Details

Costase Ndayishimiye

Public Health Sciences (Europubhealth+), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium

View Book:-

https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6659

#Family planning #contraceptive #poor rural area #socio-cultural norm #Christianity; #community health worker #Rwanda

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A Case Report on Ovarian Dysgerminoma | Chapter  15 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

Ovarian dysgerminoma is the subject of this case report. Malignant GCTs are divided into subtypes, with dysgerminoma being the most frequent. The lymphatic system is the most prevalent route of dissemination into the paraaortic lymphnode. For six months, a 22-year-old lady presented with amenorrhea and a tumour in her abdomen. A big abdominal tumour measuring 36 weeks was discovered during her health examination. Following that, a computed tomography scan revealed a 222.332.4 cm mixed density lesion in the pelvis-abdominal region, as well as several paraaortic and mesenteric lymph nodes with extensive pleural effusion. Total abdominal hysterectomy, right salpingo-ophorectomy, tumour mass excision, partial omentectomy, and lymphadenectomy were all part of the treatment. Based on histopathological findings, dysgerminoma was suspected. For patients at low risk, postsurgical clinical surveillance can be planned to prevent secondary malignancies, sterility, and gonadal dysfunction caused by pelvic radiation, but diligent followup is necessary to assure early diagnosis of recurrence. Author(S) Details Shamrao Ramji Wakode Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dr S. C. G. M. C. Nanded, Maharashtra, India. Varsha Narayana Bhat Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dr S. C. G. M. C. Nanded, Maharashtra, India. View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6673

#Dysgerminoma #malignant ovarian tumor #surgical intervention

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Attached Gingiva and Its Significance | Chapter  14 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

Attached gingiva is a type of gingiva that is important for maintaining periodontal health. Plaque accumulation and increased inflammation favour periodontal damage because to the insufficient width of connected gingiva. This chapter delves into the definition, clinical significance, and numerous procedures for increasing attached gingiva, as well as the description and significance of keratinized mucosa around implants. Author(S) Details Priyadarshini Govindarajan Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBVU Pillayarkuppam, Puducherry, India. Pratebha Balu Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBVU Pillayarkuppam, Puducherry, India. Jananni Muthu Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBVU Pillayarkuppam, Puducherry, India. I. Karthikeyan Adhiparasakthi Dental College & Hospitals, Melmaruvathur, India. View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6672

#Attached gingival #Keratinized mucosa #Width of attached gingival #MARF #Thickness of gingiva

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Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene and Potential Risk to Autism Spectrum Disorder | Chapter  13 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

The goal of this study was to see if the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) variations in the Saudi community altered susceptibility to the risk of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods and Subjects: The severity of ASD symptoms was assessed using diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-V) criteria and scores on the childhood autism rating scale (CARS). TaqManTM genotyping assays for the 677C>T rs1801133 and 1298A>C rs1801131 SNPs in the MTHFR gene were used to assess genomic DNA from buccal cells of 112 patients with ASD and 104 healthy controls. The optimum interactive inheritance method for selected SNPs was determined using the SNPStats software (https://www.snpstats.net). The protein-protein interaction network of the MTFR gene was predicted using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database (https://string-db.org).

Controls in the studied SNPs were compatible with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The MTHFR rs1801133 C>T and MTHFR rs1801131 A>C SNPs were shown to have associated with ASD risk (odds ratio [OR]= 5.2 and 22.2, respectively). In cases vs controls, genotype relationships of these SNPs were statistically significant (P= 0.0012 and P= 0.0008, respectively). The SNPs studied were shown to be strongly linked to ASD cases with a score of 37 (codominant and recessive models; P= 0.001 and P= 0.0005, respectively). The C/C-A/A genotype was the most prevalent among six combination genotypes in ASD cases (42.9 percent ). A substantial variation in haplotype distribution between patients and controls was found in a global haplotype analysis (P=0.00057). The two SNPs were discovered to be in linkage disequilibrium (D'= 0.63, r2 = 0.260).

Conclusion: The MTHFR rs1801133 and rs1801131 SNPs interact to increase the risk of ASD, particularly when verified in larger cohorts with other genetic/environmental factors. Our findings could be used to support future genetic association research in the Saudi population, as well as government and health-care professionals working on regional health-management efforts.

Author(S) Details

Nasser A. Elhawary

Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, P.O. Box 57543, Saudi Arabia.

View Book:-

https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6671

#Autism spectrum disorder #CARS scores #single nucleotide polymorphism #TaqMan genotyping #linkage disequilibrium #combined genotypes

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Assessment of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Chapter  12 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

The central nervous system (CNS) is more commonly affected than the peripheral nervous system in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Neuropsychiatric or CNS signs are widespread, ranging from 24-54 percent, while peripheral nervous system involvement is less common, at roughly 5-27 percent. Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculopathy (CIDP) is one of the three most common peripheral nerve system involvements in SLE patients, and it can be very disabling.

The goal of this study is to examine all SLE patients who have developed CIDP and report on their clinical symptoms, treatment, and progress, as well as a brief review of the literature on CIDP in SLE patients.

Methods: A retrospective review of all SLE patients diagnosed with CIDP between 2000 and 2015 who were followed up at our centre was conducted. We investigated their clinical presentation, investigations, treatment, response to therapy, and any neurological sequelae in their medical records.

There were 512 case notes analysed in total. These four patients, all between the ages of 26 and 46, presented with CIDP (3 females and 1 man). Three of the patients had transverse myelitis, while the fourth had acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy. All of the patients were given high-dose corticosteroids, three of them were given cyclophosphamide, and the other was given mycophenolate mofetil. One patient had a complete recovery, two had persistent but improving numbness, and the third had lingering weakness. Two of our patients acquired CIDP shortly after being diagnosed with SLE, while the other two developed it much later in the course of their disease.

Conclusion: Involvement of the peripheral nerve system in SLE can have major disabling consequences. Early detection and treatment are critical for reducing neurological consequences.

Author(S) Details

Rozita Mohd

Nephrology Unit, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.

Fatimah Zanirah Nordin

Nephrology Unit, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.

Rizna Cader

Nephrology Unit, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.

View Book:-

https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6670

#Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy #cyclophosphamide #neurological #systemic lupus erythematous #Peripheral nervous system #debilitating effects

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Determination of Salivary Glycoconjugates and Salivary Ros Levels in Chronic Periodontitis | Chapter  11 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

The research was done as a first step toward using salivary glycoconjugates and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as accurate indicators of chronic periodontitis. Glycoconjugates are crucial biological compounds that serve a variety of roles. They are made up of oligosaccharides of various sizes and complexity that are connected to a non-sugar component such as a lipid or protein. Glycoconjugate structures are frequently convoluted, with complicated biochemical routes. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species is thought to play a role in the disease's severity. ROS are extremely unstable and have a short half-life, making them difficult to detect. However, at times of stress or disease, ROS levels can skyrocket, causing severe cell structural damage. Author(S) Details Jenny Susan Roy Department of Periodontic, Mount Zion Medical College, Adoor, India. Sajith Sebastian Mount Zion Medical College, Adoor, India. Nandini Manjunath Department of Periodontics, AJ Medical College, Mangalore, India. Joanne Mary Sajith Technical and IT Assistant, India. View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6669

#Glycoconjugate structures #reactive oxygen species #oligosaccharides #environment stress

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Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Ketamine Anaesthesia in a Suburban Nigerian Hospital | Chapter  10 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

The goal of this retrospective study was to highlight intravenous ketamine use in a general practise hospital in Auchi, Nigeria. Case records of all patients who were operated on using intravenous ketamine were collected and significant data was taken for the study from January 1994 to January 2014. A total of 1,370 patients were operated on, including 463 (33.8%) major operations and 907 (66.2%) intermediate/minor procedures. Males (725 [53.0 percent]) were operated on more than females (725 [53.0 percent]) (645 [47.0 percent ]). Side events included transitory hypertension with moderate tachycardia, postoperative disorientation and confusion, emergent delirium, and priapism in 31 people. Intravenous ketamine anaesthesia has been demonstrated to have high clinical efficacy and safety in these patients. Author(S) Details G. B. S. Iyalomhe Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics,Faculty of Clinical Sciences,College of Medicine ,Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria. S. I. Iyalomhe Department of Public Health & Primary Health Care,Central Hospital Auchi, Nigeria. View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V8/article/view/6648

#Intravenous ketamine #anaesthesia #adverse effects of ketamine #suburban hospital #Nigeria