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The Fisherman and the Jinnee

Author: NJ Dowood

Setting: The action took place close to the sea and occurred in the past, where the setting was the residence of the characters in the story and the site of the event or issue. Characters: The characters in the story are the flounder, the fisherman, and the fisherman’s wife. All three hadan important role in the story and related to each other.

Exposition: A fisherman who had a loving wife and they have three children in the family. He used to catch fishes to support his family every day

Rising Action: He made a rule to use his net only four times a day and never reach the limitation. The first cast he caught a dead donkey. Second cast, he caught a large earthen vassel filled with mud and sand. Third cast, filled with bones and sand, but the last cast, he caught a yellow copper bottle.

Climax:  The Fisherman opens the Bottle and the Jinnee comes out and he threatens to kill the fisherman because he was disturb.

Falling Action:  The fisherman tricks or fools the Jinnee saying he doesn’t believe the Jinnee can’t be fit in the bottle. The Jinnee show him the bottle, he traps him back into the bottle

Resolution: The fisherman throws the yellow copper bottle away in the sea, where she should lie forever and ever. 

Theme: The author's purpose is to entertain the reader and also taught that we should not be greedy. We should also be grateful for what we have already got. In addition, we also have to remember where we came from so we do not become people who forget themselves and where they came from.

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The Lion Makers

Author: Pachatantra

Exposition: The story is about the friendship of four Brahmans. The four Brahmans went on a journey to test their scholarship. Sadly, three of them only have the scholarship and the only one left being called stupid by them.

Rising Action: The three of them doesn’t have any idea that the only person left has the most sense of than them

Climax: While they are traveling, they encountered some bones of an animal in the forest, without knowing it’s a skeleton of a lion. The three senseless scholars discuss about how they bring back to life the animal. The boy without a scholar told them, that, it’s a skeleton of a lion and if they bring it back to life, it could kill or eat them alive

Falling Action: The result of reviving the lion, it was revived and eat the three senseless scholars alive. The sensible boy survived because he climbed up the tree

Resolution: The sensible boy realized that scholarship is less than sense. We should think first of the decisions were making. What is the purpose of being a scholar if we can’t put them to good use?

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Story of Griselda

Author: Giovanni Boccaccio

"The Story of Griselda" from Giovanni Boccaccio's novel "Decameron" is about a woman whose husband tests her loyalty by convincing her that he killed their children and by kicking her out of their home. Because she remains loyal to him, he invites her to return home and reunites her with their children.

Of the women at his disposal, Gualtieri, the Marquis of Saluzzo, picks Griselda, a simple woman who, while attractive, is better known for her virtue. Gualtieri falls in love with her virtue, and when he asks her father for permission to marry her, she consents, promising to obey him.

Gualtieri has no reason to doubt Griselda's loyalty but decides to test her after the first daughter turns 2. He tells Griselda that he plans to kill their daughter because she was born a girl. Instead of arguing with him, Griselda relents, agreeing that he knows best. Gualtieri does the same to their second daughter, and again, Griselda bows to his wishes. Instead of killing his daughters, Gualtieri hides them, which Griselda never learns.

Gualtieri tests Griselda further by telling her that he is tired of her and plans to marry another woman. Griselda doesn't argue when Gualtieri kicks her out without anything but the shift she has on. When others ask her why she isn't fighting for her marriage, she urges them to respect her husband. When Gualtieri learns that Griselda's loyalty never wavered, he invites her to return. When she does, he introduces her to their daughters, who are adults, and he honors her, naming her his Marchioness.

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Eveline

Author: James Joyce

Exposition: The introduction of the story begins on the personal background of Eveline. The author tells us that her mother and brother are dead and her dad is alcoholic and abusive she also take care of her siblings to take on the responsibilities of her dead mother

Rising Action:   She has a conflict with herself on rather she should stay on her father or start a new life with her boyfriend. Eveline has doubts that Franks won’t make her happy

Climax: Eveline makes the final decision about starting a new life with her lover, frank, she decides not to leave with frank.

Falling Action: Frank tries to call her but she refuses to acknowledge him/denies him. Her mind has been made up. She has resolved the problem in her heart and in her mind by deciding to remain where she is with her family. Eveline has chosen to continue living an unfulfilled and miserable life.

Resolution: Frank feel so sad and start a new life in Buenos Aires without his lover

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A Rose for Emily

Author: William Faulkner

Setting: in “A Rose for Emily” is Faulkner’s fictitious post-civil war Jefferson, a small town in the deep south of the United States. Faulkner’s use of this particular time-period or genre, is successful in giving the reader an understanding or background to the values and beliefs of the characters in the story. The town of Jefferson is a fallen legacy. The hierarchical regime of the Griersons and the class system of the time where by ordinance of the mayor- Colonel Sartoris, a Negro women could not even walk the street without an apron, had changed into a place where even the street on which Miss Emily lived, that had once been the most select, had now been encroached and obliterated, her house an eyesore among eyesores. Both the town and Miss Emily herself, now looked upon Miss Emily as the only remnant of that greater time. This fact gives the reader an understanding of the mindset of the “town,” who is narrating Miss Emily’s story to us in a form resembling a gossip circle, where stories of various townspeople are pieced together and of Miss Emily, the protagonist who lived alone except for her lone servant.

Character List:

Emily Grierson - The object of fascination in the story. A eccentric recluse, Emily is a mysterious figure who changes from a vibrant and hopeful young girl to a cloistered and secretive old woman. Devastated and alone after her father’s death, she is an object of pity for the townspeople. After a life of having potential suitors rejected by her father, she spends time after his death with a newcomer, Homer Barron, although the chances of his marrying her decrease as the years pass. Bloated and pallid in her later years, her hair turns steel gray. She ultimately poisons Homer and seals his corpse into an upstairs room.

Homer Barron - A foreman from the North. Homer is a large man with a dark complexion, a booming voice, and light-colored eyes. A gruff and demanding boss, he wins many admirers in Jefferson because of his gregarious nature and good sense of humor. He develops an interest in Emily and takes her for Sunday drives in a yellow-wheeled buggy. Despite his attributes, the townspeople view him as a poor, if not scandalous, choice for a mate. He disappears in Emily’s house and decomposes in an attic bedroom after she kills him.

Judge Stevens - A mayor of Jefferson. Eighty years old, Judge Stevens attempts to delicately handle the complaints about the smell emanating from the Grierson property. To be respectful of Emily’s pride and former position in the community, he and the aldermen decide to sprinkle lime on the property in the middle of the night.

Mr. Grierson - Emily’s father. Mr. Grierson is a controlling, looming presence even in death, and the community clearly sees his lasting influence over Emily. He deliberately thwarts Emily’s attempts to find a husband in order to keep her under his control. We get glimpses of him in the story: in the crayon portrait kept on the gilt-edged easel in the parlor, and silhouetted in the doorway, horsewhip in hand, having chased off another of Emily’s suitors.

Tobe - Emily’s servant. Tobe, his voice supposedly rusty from lack of use, is the only lifeline that Emily has to the outside world. For years, he dutifully cares for her and tends to her needs. Eventually the townspeople stop grilling him for information about Emily. After Emily’s death, he walks out the back door and never returns.

Colonel Sartoris - A former mayor of Jefferson. Colonel Sartoris absolves Emily of any tax burden after the death of her father. His elaborate and benevolent gesture is not heeded by the succeeding generation of town leaders.

The Plot:

Introduction: Jefferson's citizens gather for Emily Grierson's funeral.

Rising Action: In flashback readers learn Emily was told to pay her taxes.

 A flashback shows aldermen spreading lime secretly.

Another flashback reveals Emily's purchase of arsenic.

Climax:Townspeople break down the door to a locked bedroom.

Falling Action: Homer Barron's decomposed body is on the bed.

Resolution: On the pillow beside him rests a long strand of gray hair.

The writing style of the story is related to this narrative perspective, as it also determines the tone and structure of the story.

One of the themes of "A Rose for Emily" is the constant struggle between the past and the present.Emily cannot let go of the past, especially the attitudes and customs of her father's generation. She believes in the importance of heredity and aristocracy and is holding on to the antebellum beliefs of the past.

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A Cask of Amontillado

Author: Edgar Allan Poe

Setting of James Joyce's "Eveline" takes place in Dublin at either the end of the 1890s or the beginning of the 1900s. 

Exposition:  Montressor is upset with fortunato seeks revenge. Montressor’s enemy and his friend fortunato is a wine tester

Rising Action:  Montressor brings Fortunato down into the cetacombs, where he claims to have the wine or the amontillado. During this time, Fortunato was slightly intoxicated. Montressor keeps turning back and keeps giving fortunato more to drink wine to make him drunk. 

Climax: Montressor chains Fortunato to the wall of cetacombs. Montressor ignores the scream and cry of Fortunato for Mercy

Falling Action: Montressor uses bricks to close the opening. Fortunato screams, cry and laughs thinking it is a joke. Montressor throw his torch into the cetacombs. Montressor got no reply and he only hears the bells onfortunato’s costume. Montressor finished sealing the wall he is making infront of fortunate, so no one finds him.

Denouncement/Resolution: Fortunato might die because of starvation or because of the torch 

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Hills like White Elephants

Author: Ernest Hemingway

Setting. Hemingway sets “Hills Like White Elephants” at a train station to highlight the fact that the relationship between the American man and the girl is at a crossroads. Planted in the middle of a desolate valley, the station isn't a final destination but merely a stopping point between Barcelona and Madrid.

Exposition: The American man and Jig are waiting at the train station in northern Spain near. They are waiting for train to Madrid. While waiting, they sit in the station and ordered something to drink, and then start to have a conversation.

Rising Action: Jig looks at the countryside and she says that the nearby hills look like white elephants. Jig wonders about what will happen after the operation and she think that they’ll be happy again and go back to how they were before.

Climax: Jig says that she will go through with the operation because she doesn’t care about her, but the fact is she just wants him to be happy. 

Falling Action: They order another beer. The American man tells her that he is willing to go through the operation. Jig begs him to stop talking and threatens to scream if he doesn’t.

Resolution: The argument calms down and carries the bag around the station to the other tracks of the train because the train will arrive in 5 minutes.

Theme of the story is dealing with difficulty, or dealing with unplanned pregnancy. 

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God Sees the Truth but Waits

Author: Leo Tolstoy

Setting: The story takes place in a prison in Siberia. Semyonich is planing a way to escape and tells Aksionov to not tell or he will kill him.

Characters:There are three main characters in God Sees the Truth, but Waits. The following are a brief introduction to each one of them:

1. Ivan Dmitrich Aksionov: In this short story, we have Ivan as the protagonist who is accused of a murder of a merchant; as a result, he is convicted and sent to Siberia for Twenty-Six years. While reading the story, we discover that Ivan is a dynamic character who changes physically and spiritually.

2. Makar Semyonich: Makar is the antagonist and joins to the events of the story in the middle of the second part. Makar is described as a tall strong man in his sixties.

3. Ivan’s Wife: Ivan's wife only appears in the first part of the play twice. Firstly, when Ivan prepares himself to go on fair, she attempts to prevent him as she had a bad dream about him that she considered to be a bad omen. Secondly, when Ivan is convicted, she pays him a visit but finally leaves him despaired as she too suspects him. Here,She plays a crucial role in Ivan’s transformation as he says God is the only one who knows the truth and should be asked for mercy. This is considered his first step towards the great spiritual transformation.

Exposition: Ivan wanted to sell goods and travel but his wife tried to block his way because she had a nightmare about her husband. Ivan was so stubborn and still decided to go because he thinks it was just a dream.Rising Action: Ivan meets another merchant in his travel and they decided to check into an inn and went on the same room and have some fun while drank tea together.

Climax: Ivan found out that the merchant with him yesterday was murdered. He was accused of merchant murderer, then arrested, because of there was a knife with blood stains on it in his bag

Falling Action: Ivan has a suspect and it was Makar, one of the prisoners of killing a merchant. Ivan also found out that makar wants to break the jail, but he decided not to speak up.

Resolution: Makar realized his mistake, after Ivan was being kind to him. Makar eventually admits to Ivan that we was the real murderer and putting the knife inside Ivan's bag. Ivan forgive him and he was ordered to go back home. Sadly, Ivan dies before he can reach home, but he dies in peace.

Style of the Author: Omniscient Intrusive

Themes: Many significant themes are found in God Sees the Truth but Waits. The most important ones are presented below: Faith and Forgiveness Tolstoy indirectly leads the readers to infer the true value of faith and forgiveness and the importance of their outcomes by Deducing that through Ivan’s character.The fact which Tolstoy wants to teach the readers is that God is the only one who knows the complete truth about everything, including our realities. But He sometimes may lead us to discover our realities through some slight or even harsh trials. In the case of Ivan, at the beginning he is described to be full of fun and a heavy drinker also indirectly to be unaware of his reality. But after being convicted and suspected even by the closest person to him, his wife, he returns To God as he says “It seems that only God can know the truth, it is to Him alone we must appeal, and from Him alone expect mercy.” Thus, Tolstoy shows the readers the significance of the faith in our life, as in the story, Ivan believes that only God is capable of showing the truth. Yet, Ivan is exposed to face another trial to prove his real charity, when he encounters his enemy Makar, the readers may expect a destructive reaction from him towards Makar, but just the opposite Happens and Ivan tells Makar “God will forgive you. Maybe I am a hundred times worse than you.”The two characters both come to the understanding that God’s forgiveness and mercy towards humans are incomprehensible. Therefore, here,readers realize that outcomes of faith are crucial to the life as it makes the whole person to change towards the best and to develop both spiritually and morally.