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Cyber

 cyberspace is the notional environment in which communication over computer networks occurs.

A quote which I have found from the lecture very interesting:

‘Cyberspace. A consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators, in every nation, by children being taught mathematical concepts... A graphic representation of data abstracted from banks of every computer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. Lines of light ranged in the nonspace of the mind, clusters and constellations of data. Like city lights, receding…' Neuromancer William Gibson 1984

Lightbike Scene from Tron Walt Disney 1982

The Matrix The Wachowskis 1999

techno-utopianism in silicon valley examples:

Virtual Beauties in Cyberspace Asmita Duranjaya & Franz Catteneo 2016

Another quote which I found interesting from the lecture:

‘Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace, the new home of Mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather.’ - John Perry Barlow, from A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, 1996

Cyberspace Art

http://www.trashloop.com/

This was done by Anthony Antonellis which is loop trash game art.

cyberculture

 Is the social conditions brought about by  widespread use of computer networks for communication, entertainment, and business.

Some examples:

Cybergoth fashion

cyborg

is a fictional or hypothetical person whose physical abilities are extended beyond normal human limitations by mechanical elements built into the body such as arms, chest and legs for example.

EX_MACHINA Alex Garland 2015

virtual reality

 is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional image or environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way by a person using special electronic equipment, such as a helmet with a screen inside or gloves fitted with sensors. Examples of this are Samsung and PlayStation.

Avatar James Cameron 2009

augmented reality

is a technology that superimposes a computer-generated image on a user's view of the real world, thus providing a composite view.

An example is:  Pokémon Go Niantic 2016

Hyper-Reality Keiichi Matsuda 2016

https://youtu.be/YJg02ivYzSs

Dystopias 

is an imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmentally degraded one.

Blade Runner Ridley Scott 1982

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eogpIG53Cis

The Lawnmower Man Brett Leonard 1992

glitch

is a sudden, usually temporary malfunction or fault of equipment.

Playtest [Black Mirror Season 3] Charlie Brooker/Netflix 2016

https://youtu.be/jDiYGjp5iFg

Uncanny Valley Federico Heller 2015

https://youtu.be/gR3lXEH80Nw

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Story Telling

An example of story telling is the forgotten soldiers instillation which was done in new Zealand to create a remembrance of the soldiers by acting instead of in a book or magazine, as it brings the story to life instead of being on a page and left forgotten.

 Stories give us a flight of imagination.

there are many ways you can tell a story which is by colour, type, image.

Some very good illustrators for books are:

Kate Hindley

I am a children's book author and illustrator living and working in Bristol.

These are the books she has done:

BibliographyPicture BooksTreacle Street Series, Kate Hindley, Simon & Schuster 2019You Must Have A Dream Simon Philip, Simon & Schuster 2019 The Same But Different Too Karl Newson, Nosy Crow 2019 The Knight Who Said No! Lucy Rowland, Nosy Crow 2018Oliver & Patch: The Lost Penguin Claire Freedman, Simon & Schuster 2018They Came From Planet Zabalooloo! Sean Taylor, Walker Books 2017You Must Bring a Hat Simon Philip, Simon & Schuster 2016Don't Call Me Choochie Pooh! Sean Taylor, Walker Books 2016Oliver and Patch Claire Freedman, Simon & Schuster 2015Worst In Show William Bee, Walker Books, 2014The Big Book of English Words Mairi Mackinnon, Usborne 2013How To Wash A Woolly Mammoth Michelle Robinson, Simon & Schuster 2013The Great Snortle Hunt, Claire Freedman Simon & Schuster 2012FictionThe Royal Rabbits of London Series, Montefiore & Montefiore, Simon & Schuster 2016-2018Max Champion and the Great Racecar Robbery Alexander McCall Smith, Bloomsbury 2017The Girl With The Lost Smile Miranda Hart, Hodder 2017Pollyanna Eleanor H. Porter​​​​​​​, Alma Books 2017Alexander McCall Smith's Marvellous Mixups Alexander McCall Smith, Bloomsbury 2016Freddie Mole: Lion Tamer Alexander McCall Smith, Bloomsbury 2016Alexander McCall Smith's Explosive Adventures Alexander McCall Smith, Bloomsbury 2015The Porridge of Knowledge Archie Kimpton, Hot Key Books 2015Smashie McPerter Investigates Series, N. Griffin, Candlewick 2015-16Best Friends Bakery Series, Linda Chapman, Orion 2014-2015Jumblecat Archie Kimpton, Hot Key Books 2014The Naughtiest Girl, Series Enid Blyton and Anne Digby, Hodder 2014

Tomer Hanuka // Illustrator

He was born in 1974. He is an award-winning, New York Times best-selling illustrator and cartoonist.

At age twenty-two, Hanuka moved to New York City. Following his graduation from the School of Visual Arts, he quickly became a contributor to many national magazines. His clients included Time Magazine, The New Yorker, Spin, The New York Times, Rolling Stone, MTV, and Saatchi & Saatchi. He is the winner of multiple medals from the Society of Illustrators and the Society of Publication Designers as well as American Illustration and Print magazine Maker.

Tomer co-creates Bipolar with his identical twin brother Asaf for Alternative Comics. Bipolar is an experimental comic book series for which Tomer was nominated for the Eisner, Harvey and Ignatz awards. In 2006, Tomer published The Placebo Man (Alternative Comics), which compiles much of his work from Bipolar. He still currently lives in New York City.

Annie Atkins

Annie specialises in graphics for film making, which means that she can make any graphic pieces outlined by a period film script—like postage stamps and banknotes to help create Wes Anderson’s fictional State of Zubrowka; or shopfront signs and fake passports for Steven Spielberg’s New York.

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Colour

True Blue: Exploring the Secret Life of a Colour

What is blue the colour of?

Pablo Picasso: ‘Blue Period’ [1901-1904] 

You had to be careful how much blue you used in those days as it was expensive and important.

Ultramarine

Lapis Lazuli: ‘The Blue Stone’ in Latin

‘Ultramarine blue is a glorious, lovely and absolutely perfect pigment beyond all the pigments. Illustrious, beautiful and most perfect, beyond all colours; one could not say anything about it, or do anything with it, that its quality would not surpass’ Cennino Cennini

Johannes Vermeer: Girl with a Pearl Earring [1665]

In the 1820s, French Ultramarine was created by Jean-Baptiste Guimet, a French chemist

Electric Blue

‘I could see a huge beam of projected light flooding up into infinity from the reactor. It was like a laser light, caused by ionisation of the air. It was light bluish, and it was very beautiful.’ - Sasha Yuvchenko, in New Scientist (2004)

St Elmo’s Fire: Electrical discharge phenomena

Cinematic Electric Blue: Minority Report (2002), Tron (1982), Wall-E (2008)

Gazing at Blues

Ryan Gander: On ‘Night at the Museum’ [2016] -https://youtu.be/4x03bWdldX4

The Blue of Distance

Joachim Patenier: St. Jerome in the Wilderness [c. 1600]

‘For many years, I have been moved by the blue at the far edge of what can be seen, that colour of horizons, of remote mountain ranges, of anything far away. The colour of that distance is the colour of an emotion, the colour of there seen from here, the colour of where you are not. And the colour of where you can never go. For the blue is not in the place those miles away at the horizon, but in the atmospheric distance between you and the mountains.’ - Rebecca Solnit (2005)

Functions of COLOUR

CLICHES - Symbols can be abstract 

Symbols can be colour

HISTORY -the colour theory

Colour trends

Predictive trends which get guessed.

ADVERTISING

Colour that defines brand territories Colour like no other

An example is cadburys advert

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Sound and movement

Diegetic- can hear

Non diegetic- Sound whose source is neither visible on the screen and has not been implied to be present in the action: narrator's commentary. sound effects which is added for the dramatic effect. mood music.

“Auditory Kuleshov Effect”

Dictaphone Parcel - Lauri Warsta -https://vimeo.com/14450507

©Ryoji Ikeda - Sound Artist

Store X The Vinyl Factory: 5th Oct – 10th Dec 2017 Studio One, Store Studios,180 The Strand, London, WC2R 1EA

Cymantics Science Vs Music -https://youtu.be/Q3oItpVa9fs

©Ben Frost / Marc Silver Film maker and Composer. The power of collaboration-  https://youtu.be/ks_eMAz567E

©Random International - Rain Room -https://youtu.be/FslABAyj2OA

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Time and sequence

Time & Sequence in Performance

Albert Einstein changed the way we look at time and space.

“Us physicists believe the separation between past, present, and future is only an illusion, although a convincing one”. Albert Einstein

• People thought that time ticked at one speed, but Einstein proved that time could speed up or slow down as speed and gravity were altered 

• Einstein’s theories had a profound impact on how composers and performers used time and space in their work.

John Cage – Merce Cunningham

Cage considered the founding father of performance art

 • A leading figure in the avant-garde movement of the 20th Century

 • Collaborated with many artists including choreographer Merce Cunningham and artist Robert Rauschenberg 

• A tutor at Black Mountain College, North Carolina, which had a reputation for artistic freedom and the breaking down of boundaries

 • Einstein served on the board of directors

John Cage – 4’33”, recording ‘silence’, 1952 - you just listen to sounds 

   He influenced  Philip Glass - Robert Wilson - Lucinda Childs

“Time in the theatre is special. Time is plastic. We can stretch it out on stage until it becomes the time of the mind, the time of a pine tree gently moving in the wind or a cloud floating across the sky and slowly becoming a camel, then a bird. I’m the slowest director in the world. You must always give the audience space to see and time to think. The time of my theatre is the time of interior reflection.” Robert Wilson

Robert Wilson Deafman Glance, 1971

He also created walking- where you keep walking to diifferent areas with sound or silience and different rooms.

Interesting book to read is Einsteins book of dreams.

The image of movement 

Time & Sequence - ‘The Image of movement’

Timescale of movement is technically achieved by: Repeatedly photographing the same image over a long period of time Or Using a long exposure.  

Timescale representation in photography has 3 distinct visual themes: 

Memory

 History of movement 

Aesthetics/affects

A body of work that depicts a continuous history or a timeline of the same subject, I call a: “Visual time capsule”

Memory- The Brown sisters: Nicholas Nixon (repeat photography)

Walter Shels

History of movement

The first time & motion experiments -Muybridge

Edgerton

Andrew David-Hazy

Aesthetics

Michael Wesely

Alexey Titarenko (City of shadows)

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Space and place

Foucault’s Heterotopias

Michel Foucault 1926 - 1984 French academic, philosopher, historian, sociologist and cultural theorist

Sites which have… “the curious property of being in relation with all the other sites, but in such a way as to suspect, neutralize or invert the set of relations that they happen to designate, mirror or reflect.”

UTOPIAS - ‘These are sites with no real place that present society itself in a perfected form’

HETEROTOPIA’S - ‘These are spaces which exist somewhere between the real and the utopian and serve to neutralise or invert normal spatial convention’

The 1st Principle- Deviation Heterotopia 

Nursing Home “Places that cater for individuals whose behaviour is different in relation to the society in which they live.”

The 2nd Principle

 ‘A society, as its history unfolds, can make an existing heterotopia function in a very different fashion; for each heterotopia has a precise and determined function within a society.’ -The Cemetery

The 3rd Principle

 ‘The heterotopia is capable of juxtaposing in a single real place several spaces, several sites that are in themselves incompatible.’ -The Theatre Set

The 4th Principle

 ‘Heterotopias are most often linked to slices in time beginning to function at full capacity when individuals arrive at an absolute break from traditional time.’ 

Museum- Accumulation

 Fairground- Transitory

 ‘Opposite heterotopias that are linked to the accumulation of time, there are those linked to time in its most fleeting and transitory’ 

The 5th Principle

 ‘Heterotopias always presuppose a system of opening and closing that both isolates them and makes them penetrable. In general the heterotopic site is not freely accessible like a public space.’ - the prison 

The 6th Principle 

‘Heterotopias have a function in relation to all the space that remains.’ ‘Either their role is to create a space of illusion that exposes every real space, all the sites inside of which human life is partitioned. 

Or else on the contrary their role is to create a space that is other, another real space as perfect, as meticulous as well arranged as ours is messy, ill constructed and jumbled ’

Illusion- The Brothel 

 Compensation -The Puritan Village

The city ruins

historical context & kitsch ruins- The Death of Marcus Licinius Crassus 1548/1558 Lancelot Blondeel

‘I do love these ancient ruins: We never tread upon them but we set Our foot upon some reverend history.’ - from The Duchess of Malfi (1612-1613) by John Webster

The Jealous Wall’ Belvedere House, Ireland Built 1740

Elena Abbey 1825 Caspar David Friedrich

‘The ideas ruins evoke in me are grand. Everything comes to nothing, everything perishes, everything passes, only the world remains, only time endures.’ - from Salon (1767) Denis Diderot

The ruinous effect of urban planning

The Street 1968 Janet Mendelsohn

‘Modern architecture died in St Louis, Missouri on July 15, 1972 at 3.32pm (or thereabouts) when the infamous Pruitt-Igoe scheme, or rather several of its slab blocks, were given the final coup de grâce by dynamite’ - from The Language of Postmodern Architecture (1978) by Charles Jencks

Ruins re-imagined

The Rediscovery of Discovery 2011 Cyprien Gaillard

urban disasters

The Destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum 1822 John Martin

Devastation, 1941 (an East End Street) 1941 Graham Sutherland

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Text and image

‘… a picture speaks a thousand words…’

What is the difference between typography and lettering?

typography: the style and appearance of printed matter, and the art of arranging type 

lettering: the act, art, or technique of inscribing letters on to something

Herb Lubalin

Craig Ward- wordsarepictures.co.uk

Alison Carmichael

‘Fonts form a kind of language of their own, and we are all unconsciously fluent in it’ - Sarah Hyndman

Anchorage the denoted meaning among all the possible meanings; it “helps to identify … the elements of the scene or the scene itself”; in relation to the connoted image, it helps to guide interpretation (rather than identification). “The text directs the reader through the signifieds of the image, causing him or her to avoid some and receive others” This function of anchorage is the most frequent function of linguistic message and is commonly found in press photographs and advertisements.

Relay another function is that of relay, which happens when text and image stand in a complementary relationship, and words and images form an unity, as in comic strips, or socalled image-text works such as the images by Barbara Kruger.

Hugo Pratt, Corto Maltese: Under the Sign of Capricorn (1979)

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Voyeurism

Voyeurism is defined as: ‘the practice of gaining sexual pleasure from watching others when they are naked or engaged in sexual activity.’ (Oxford Dictionary, n.d) However, some writers see that a more appropriate contemporary definition of ‘a voyeur’ is: ‘one who seeks stimulation by visual means.’ (Blazer, 2006) The love of looking is also sometimes called ‘Scopophilia’.

Voyeurism in Law

According to the Sexual Offences Act 2003: ‘A person commits an offence if— (a) for the purpose of obtaining sexual gratification, he observes [or records] another person doing a private act, and (b) he knows that the other person does not consent to being observed [or recorded] for his sexual gratification.’

Voyeurism in Photography

‘I always thought of photography as a naughty thing to do - that was one of my favourite things about it, and when I first did it, I felt very perverse.’ Diane Arbus, quoted by Susan Sontag in On Photography (1977)

Voyeurism & Desire: The Park by Kohei Yoshiyuki [1973]

Quote from a magazine-

‘We considered the images were gratuitous and objectified women, and were therefore sexist and likely to cause serious and widespread offence. Furthermore, we considered the images imitated voyeuristic 'up-skirt' shots which had been taken without the subject's consent or knowledge which, in the context of an ad for a skirt marketed to young women, we considered had the potential to normalise a predatory sexual behaviour.’ Advertising Standards Agency, quoted by HUH Magazine (2014)

So why are we behaving in this way?

Social Comparison 

Surveillance

Uncertainty Reduction

Gratification  

 Social Media Monsters: Illustrations by Asaf Hanuka

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Lecture 2-culture

What is culture?

‘The way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time’

What is a symbol?

Something that is used to represent a quality or an idea’

 ‘A sign, shape, or object that is used to represent something else’

Culture is based on symbols…

Understanding of these cultural symbols is based upon agreement. Language is also a cultural symbol based on agreement. 

The meaning of characters and phonetics is agreed upon by members of the same language community.

Example of symbols-

The skull and crossbones symbol has two widely accepted contemporary meanings: - as a symbol applied to toxic substances; - as the Jolly Roger, the emblem on the pirate flag.

But however, the symbol was historically used by the Spanish to mark their cemeteries. The pirates actually adopted the symbol for use on their flag as it was already so known and feared due to its associations with graveyards and death which frighted people off.

Cultural icons in visual communication

Culture- (/ ˈ k ʌ l tʃ ər /, from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate,") is the social behavior and norms found in human societies across the world.

Icon (/ I’kōn /,) a person or thing regarded as a symbol of belief, nation, community or cultural movement  which are recognised or important.

A quote-  “Cultural identities come from somewhere. But, like everything which is historical, they undergo constant transformation. Far from being eternally fixed in some essentialised past, they are subject to the continuous play of history, culture and power.” *HALL, STUART. (1990). Cultural Identity and Diaspora. Identity: Community,

The cultural sector is led by cultural leaders who do not on the whole represent the audiences who wish to engage with culture. A lack of visible diverse leadership has a direct correlation with a lack of cultural participation by diverse communities.

Quentin Blake Illustrator

Eh Shepherd 

John Tenniel

Roald Dahl

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Lecture 1- where do ideas come from?

Ideas are what makes you a ‘creative’ 

The concept is the theme or path that a project follows. The idea is the way that theme is expressed. 

Examples off concept are-  Using photography to depict sexuality.

Ideas come in small fragments they can come at any time

Example of idea people are:

Georges Seurat, ‘Sunday on La Grande Jatte’ 

Jean-Michel Basquiat, ‘Skull’

Cyriak: Malfunction- https://youtu.be/tnWP2Emps1M

One of the critical elements of developing concepts & ideas was feeding them the right intellectual ‘food’. Often known as ‘research as it is the source of our ideas.

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Grids and layouts

Grids and layouts are very important to a graphic designer because grids are a way to make to presentation of your more neat and evenly spread out, which is key because if a person looked at a magazine for example and saw it was all jumbled up and not presented well. So the person who looked at that magazine would not of brought it because of the way it looks because most people look for looks rather than the info within. These are imagery of what type of grids there is.

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Principle of design and elements

For this task I had to describe all the elements of design which are key to graphic design.

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Designs for social project

In the project which we are doing at the moment, I am creating designs for either a book or multiple posters. I’m doing it about mental health, so that people are aware of what depression is and how many of us suffer with it and that they are not alone. With the book I aim to summarise what depression is and my story on how i suffer with it. Also in the book I want to put in activities which would help people who suffer with it and how they can overcome it. However with the posters I want show different emotions with them, so with different designs and different titles which are different from each other as I don’t want them the same.

Over the Christmas break I was still figuring out what I would like to do. In the end I decided to do how social media affects your health which is a major problem these days as everyone spends their lives on there, so it is hard to stop the addiction. So with this package I have come up with I wanted to put a magazine in there explaining what social media is and how it affects you as it can affect your sleep, changes you as a person which are serious problems. so with the final pages of the magazine its going to tell how you can over come this. Also within the package you will find 2 t-shirts, 2 posters and wristbands which will get the person engaged to change their lives as it will be a big step to correct things as the audience are 18-24 year olds who would use social media a lot in their free time.

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Ikon museum

On a Friday we went to the Ikon museum where we looked at this exhibition which was to do with sexuality I think as it was the colours of the rainbow. I found it really amazing what the did with the different coloured pebbles on a string as they were aligned straightly and that I felt each pebble meant something. This is because colours represent an emotion depending on how you see the colour as due to your emotions. For example red means colour and pain to me. But what interested me was that you don’t have to just paint on a canvas, you can use other materials to show your artwork Ideas. The reason why we went to the museum was because we were doing about colour theory. This is how they use colour for advertising and for shop brands which they use for their logos to show attractiveness to people, so that they go in their shops. Before we went on the trip we had to make a colour wheel with our objects we brought in, so everyone placed objects on the table and match it to the colour wheel. However we also had to create 5 pantone colours and describe which colour what means to you, whilst you have been at uni, which I found really fun. As you can see below I have put an image of my pantone colours with descriptions, so then you can see what the colours mean to me.

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Letter press

For the first time I tried letterpress, which was amazing to me as I could experiment with different letters which are wooden and are over 180 years old, that I found amazing. The first thing I had to do was select 2 ink colours because its getting near Christmas I chose red and green and you only need a little bit of colour for each as you have to use a roller to get the colour onto them. Once its rolled several times you can start pressing the colours onto the letters you have chosen. You then have to but the letters on the letter press tray but make sure letters are right way round, the key was to follow the line on each letter block. The next step was to clip a piece of paper so that is secure, so that the roller cylinder which is on the letter press, does not move your paper as it prints. After its been printed you should have a clear strong print.

Another task I had to do was draw one of the wooden letters accurately so that you follow the curves and lines. Then once you have drawn it, you had to write the type terminology such as bowl which is the centre of the O for example. Once that was all done you had to go on illustrator to create the letter as well to make the letter come to life.

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Design of magazine

On the 14th November it was the designing stage for me, to create a magazine with the photos I have taken. The magazine I created was for the Arkitect which is a magazine based on architecture, this is when I have to get my mind in gear to come up with ideas on how to layout the double page spreads and how to use guidelines and that you have enough white space, so that it is not too cluttered. With my pages I wanted them to be creative because of how creative Birmingham is, so I wanted to show this within my work. For my imagery edits I used Photoshop and for designing the magazines. For the next magazine I have to do pictures all one colour to show a different creative side.

I had some reviews over my magazine and the layout needed changing more. so I edited the magazine to make it more clearer and sharp, so that the person who reads it feels that it is much easier to read and a more nice way to look at the pages when they are presented really well.

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Digbeth photography for Arkitek

On the 13th November In lesson, I wanted to go explore Digbeth because one of the teachers said there is some abandoned and old fashioned buildings. I had to take photos of architecture for a magazine. For about an hour I took some photos, which were amazing as I loved how the buildings were old as it reminded me of the Victorian era, as the factories are massive and dark in a way because of the way they are built to make them over powering. Its the same with the buildings as well because they wanted to show that they were richer than the poor as they were grand buildings in those days due to the architecture and the design. But now some of the buildings are in decay or being demolished due to the modern age which is sad really as they are gorgeous buildings. However I noticed on some of the abandoned buildings was graffiti art which looked amazing to show that Birmingham is the creator of creativity and the creative industry. I get interested in how they use colours to show emotions and different imagery to portray as well.