Horse evolution
Fifty five million years ago during the Eocene epoch period, the Eohippus, a fast, small half meter tall with padded ties with hoofs, exists in the Paleocene Eocene Thermomaximum (Damp rainforests in North America).
Perissodactyls - hoofed mammal w/ an odd number of toes/odd toed ungulate
• Rhinos
• Tapirs
• Horses
Hyracotherium was the first perissodactyl that is know to man.
⁃ Fossils discovered in England
⁃ Small ungulate
⁃ Named after the resemblance to the rock hyrax
Full Eohippus fossil was discovered by O.C. Marsh in 1876.
⁃ Size of a dog
⁃ About 35 cm tall at the shoulder
⁃ Short crowned teeth
⁃ 4 front toes 3 back toes capped with hoofs
Equus
⁃ Modern day horse
⁃ Part of Equidae
When climate became dryer and cooler, dry grasslands appeared in North America.
Mesohippus and Misohippus
⁃ Roamed at same time during the Oligocene Epoch e33.9 to 23 MYA
⁃ Adapted to the climate change
⁃ Mesohippus was about 23 KG
⁃ Misohippus was about 46 KG
⁃ Both lost their 4th front toe and middle toe grew
⁃ Mesohippus disappeared at end of Oligocene epoch
Parahippus
⁃ Misohippus ancestor adapted to large plains
⁃ Parahippus leonensis was even better adapted (first true hypsodont)
Merychippus
⁃ Descendants of Parahippus
⁃ First true equine (subfamily of equid)
⁃ Taller
⁃ Stood on tip toes
⁃ Could grow to be 450 KG
Monodactyls
• Stand on one toe
• Reduces stress on legs
Equus
⁃ Pliocene Epoch
⁃ Modern horse genus
⁃ Dinohippus is the most closely related to modern horses
⁃ Oldest equus is equus simplicidens
Great American Biotic Interchange
⁃ Equus Simplicidens migrated to South America and over the Bering land bridge to Russia.
Most large animals in North America went extinct in the Pleistocene epoch which went from 2.5 million to 11,700 years ago.
1. Caused by ice age
2. Populations of bison were competition
3. Humans began hunting horses
4. Horses that migrated survived
Botai Culture of ancient Kazakhstan began using horses 6,000 years ago.
Humans bred horses and brought them back to America.
Horses fled and became feral around 1550 and wild horses became a thing in NA again. Natives used them for transport.
Wrote some notes on the evolution of horses because I was bored.... 🐴
what do they put in october and november that makes them the most ungodly mental breakdown psychosis inducing months imaginable. what are they storing in the orange leaves and generally grey drowsy atmosphere
hi your local jew here reminding you that cherubim, seraphim, nephilim, and words of that nature ARE PLURAL and therefore should not be used to refer to a singular one of these creatures like i see every day of my g-dforsaken life
a single instance would be referred to as a cherub, a seraph, a nephil, et cetera
these words originated from hebrew, and in hebrew -im and -ot are our plural endings. so if you say, like, nephilim in order to refer to a single nephil, it’s like you’re saying “look, a dogs!” it just doesn’t match up and you look really silly
goyim you can reblog please do so to spare yourselves and your friends from this thing that i legitimately see everywhere i turn