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k2kid · 7 years

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British tanks and barbed wire.

The tank and the creation of tank doctrine in the First World War was a process that hoped to take advantage of the use of a mechanical machine to overcome the obstacles that the Western Front with its static warfare footprint of obstacles in the form of trenches, barbed wire, and more telling, the destruction of the landscape replacing what existed with a mire of mud and shell-holes. Using technology to leverage the mechanical advantage of motive power surrounded by a metal shell with tracks that could navigate the wasteland of battle space it was hoped that these mechanical behemoths would be a game changing tool for the Imperial forces.

Aerial view of the Somme Front Photo: NARA/U.S. War Dept.

At their introduction at the Somme during the battle of Courcelette the tanks were not fully incorporated into the tactics of this engagement. The tanks wandered the battlefield, got stuck and put out of action. But worse than this was the apparent lack of coordination between the new and old – of armor and infantry – did not allow the tank and infantry to be the breakout weapon system that would radically change the course of the war.

Detail from Map 6 of the Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War showing employment of tanks at Courcelette on 15 September 1916.

Part of this was related to the mechanical limitations of the tank. It was slow. It was a noisy and noxious environment to work in. The terrain of the Western Front worked against it. The mud, ditches, and other geographic hazards offered natural obstacles to overcome and coupled with an active defence and tactics the metal encasing the tankers simply would delay the tank’s eventual demise during action.

But the tank was viewed as a breakthrough weapon. A weapon that would energize an attack and make a significant difference to the Entente Powers.

An interesting photograph of captured British tanks. The soldiers behind the tree are German and they have mounted the tank on supports so that a flat-bead rail-car can be placed under it to allow it to be transported. The tank in the foreground is ready to be placed on the rail-car and the tank in the background is on a rail-car. The Germans have captured these tanks and are preparing them to be transported to the rear for reclamation and re-use.

The British High Command’s tacticians also considered the threat of German use of tanks (in fact, the Germans made use of captured British tanks during the war) and published pamphlets and guides in May and December 1917 and again in February 1918 as the doctrine for the employment of tanks changed with increased practical service and combat experience.

Barbed wire was a major obstacle in the battlespace. It was employed to limit tactical movement of attacking soldiers and this maze of razor sharp wire was unremitting in its potential harm. If avoided the soldiers were channeled into pre-sighted cross-fires of enemy machine guns. If engaged the wire slowed down the advance and separated units from each other. The cohesiveness of the attack would be lost and with the adoption of artillery “lifts” the need for the Canadian infantry to be close behind the artillery barrage during an attack in order to benefit from its effectiveness made the elimination of wire entanglements and obstacles a necessary task before an attack, in the case of artillery, or during an attack, in the case of the tank, an important tool allowing the movement of troops towards their objectives.

Double-Apron Wire Entanglement Diagram

On February 28, 1918, the 8th and 10th Battalions were tasked with training with tanks of the 7th Tank Battalion. The exercise at Noulette Wood, due west of Lens, France was the location of the drill and as outlined in the instructions, the intent was to show the utility of tanks in dealing with enemy barbed wire. The instructions are concise. The battalion will use two companies as an attacking wave, half the battalions battle strength, in platoons. Each platoon would follow a tank across the intervening space until the barbed wire obstacle was breached. The first wave would then “mop-up” the first objective and the following companies would follow through to the final objective. As stated in the orders the intent is to, “…improve their [the soldiers’] confidence in the work done by tanks.”

Double-Apron Wire Entanglement incorporating Concertina Wire inside it.

Regretfully, the Battalion’s nor the Brigade’s War Diaries indicate the effectiveness of the exercise but one may surmise that the ability of tanks to crush wire effectively had been tested and was considered reliable enough to make the training and familiarization of infantry in this tactic important and relevant enough to familiarize two battalions.

Soon, this tactic would be useful for open warfare. Tanks and infantry would be used in concert to exploit gaps in the German defences but the full realization of the value of tanks in battle would not be fully realized by the Germans in the Second World War.

SECRET.

Copy No…..

8th CANADIAN BATTALION (90th RIFLES). -0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-

OPERATIONAL ORDER No. 1A -0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-

28th February, 1918.

A Battle Practice with Tank will be carried out with the 7th Tank Battalion at Square R. 34 just south of NOULETTE WOOD,

The 8th Canadian Battalion at 10.00 a.m.

The 10thI.Battalion at 2. p.m.

The purpose of this practice is to show Battalions the formation they must get into to cross the wire after the tanks.

The formation to be used in the intervening spaces between the wire is not tied down by the fact of using tanks in this operation.

The practice will also show the part that the Tanks play in an operation in addition to making a track through the enemy’s wire.

On completion of the tactical exercise, a tank will make a track over a wire obstacle consisting of three rows of Double Apron Fence, file with concertina wire. Men will be marched over this obstacle, as this will improve their confidence in the work done by tanks.

THE ATTACK: The attack will be made on a two company frontage in two waves of four lines.

Each company will be allotted four tanks.

The first wave (A and B. Coys) will go to and mop-up the first Objective which will be shown as a line of flags.

The second wave (C and D. Coys) will leap-frog the first wave at this point and will proceed after the tanks to the final objective, which they will capture and mop-up in turn.

THE FORMATION: The tanks will be numbered and each Platoon will be allotted one tank, which it will follow until getting to the objective to which it is going.

The Battalion and the Tanks will be formed up as laid down in the attached sketch to commence with.

When actually crossing the wire or the places where the wire would be, the Platoons must be in this formation. Immediately on passing this obstacle, they will deploy and carry on with the mopping up of the objective.

[Signed] Lieut. and Adjutant 8th Canadian Battalion (90th Rifles)

Distribution:-

Copy No. 1 – O.C. A. Coy. 2 – O.C. B. Coy. 3 – O.C. C. Coy. 4 – O.C. D. Coy. 5/7 – OFFICE.

Image taken from S.S. 135 The Training and Employment of Divisions, 1918. This diagram shows one platoon behind each tank. Four platoons make up a company.

Diagram extracted from 8th Battalion OPERATIONAL ORDER No. 1A February 28, 1918 showing tank and platoon formation for exercise.

OPERATIONAL ORDER No. 1A February 28, 1918.

Tank Tactics and Barbed Wire: February 1918 The tank and the creation of tank doctrine in the First World War was a process that hoped to take advantage of the use of a mechanical machine to overcome the obstacles that the Western Front with its static warfare footprint of obstacles in the form of trenches, barbed wire, and more telling, the destruction of the landscape replacing what existed with a mire of mud and shell-holes.

#8th Battalion #barbed wire #concertina wire #double-apron wire entanglement #Noulette Wood #tanks

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newheli · 2 years

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Takes you to understand the two-for-one twister

The two-for-one twister is a twisting equipment that can achieve two twists at one turn, and the twisting efficiency is doubled compared to traditional twisting equipment. The volume of the package is increased, there is no joint for 10,000 meters, the twisting quality is greatly improved, and the lower layer height is particularly suitable for operation.

working principle:

The two-for-one twister can bond two or more single yarns into strands through twisting, and enhance the performance of the original yarn to meet customer needs.

Two-for-one twister composition:

The two-for-one twisting machine is mainly composed of a power part, a two-for-one twisting unit and a transmission part.

(1) The power part mainly includes electric motor, electrical control box, indicator and operation panel.

(2) The structure of the two-for-one twisting unit mainly includes the spindle brake device, the spindle part of the two-for-one twister, the yarn winding system, and the special device of the two-for-one twisting unit.

The shape, structure and function of the main parts:

①Spindle brake device: It mainly includes the spindle drive belt and pulley, and the pedal for the brake of the spindle.

②Spindle part of two-for-one twister: Mainly includes spindle disks, spindle tanks, yarn tension devices, yarn unwinders, balloon caps, separators, yarn guide hooks, and stop hooks for yarn breakage.

③Yarn winding device: inclined roller, overfeeding roller, yarn storage device, transverse yarn guide hook, bobbin, lifting creel and bobbin reel.

The parts of the two-for-one twister that need to be checked frequently:

1. Spindle part

Check the flexibility of the spindle operation: ①. Remove the spindle; ②. Grasp the stationary disk and gently rotate the rotating disk to check whether the rotation is flexible? Is there any abnormal noise? Is it lack of oil?

If abnormal spindles are found, they shall be dealt with in the following order:

① Pull out the stationary disc (yarn container binder) forcefully to separate the stationary disc from the clamping disc.

② Check whether there is any waste wire wrapped around the spindle bearing, remove if there is any, and check the flexibility of the bearing.

③ There is no yarn winding, but the rotation of the bearing is not flexible; or the rotation of the bearing is still not flexible after the yarn is removed, the bearing needs to be removed with a special clamp and replaced with a new bearing.

④ Use a special fixture to hold the inner ring of the bearing and press the bearing in.

⑤ After re-fitting the apron on the bearing, press in the stationary disc.

If the spindle feet are short of oil, they should be refueled immediately.

Check whether the dragon belt has abnormal noise, whether it moves up and down, whether there is yarn entangled, and whether it is stained with oil. The abnormal noise of the dragon belt indicates that its operation is abnormal or the yarn is wound. It is necessary to check that the dragon belt does not touch the lower part of the introduction. If it touches the height of the tensioning guide pulley that needs to be adjusted, start the adjustment from the side of the active belt pulley. When twisting to the right, the tangled belt rotates clockwise, so when adjusting, start from the active belt pulley and check it clockwise for one round.

The up and down movement of the dragon belt is also caused by the improper position of the tension guide wheel. If there is yarn wrapped around the dragon belt, the small amount can be processed when the machine stops, and the large amount needs to be processed immediately, otherwise the dragon belt will slip and abnormal noises will occur. When the dragon belt is seriously polluted, the spindle speed will decrease, the dragon belt will slip and make abnormal sounds, so the dragon belt should be removed and cleaned with neutral detergent.

If you have other related knowledge about textile machinery, you can follow us~ We will update related knowledge from time to time~ You can also follow us if you need to buy textile machinery~

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newheli · 2 years

Text

NewHeli Textile takes you to understand the two-for-one twister

working principle:

The two-for-one twister can bond two or more single yarns into strands through twisting, and enhance the performance of the original yarn to meet customer needs.

Two-for-one twister composition:

The two-for-one twisting machine is mainly composed of a power part, a two-for-one twisting unit and a transmission part.

(1) The power part mainly includes electric motor, electrical control box, indicator and operation panel.

The shape, structure and function of the main parts:

①Spindle brake device: It mainly includes the spindle drive belt and pulley, and the pedal for the brake of the spindle.

③Yarn winding device: inclined roller, overfeeding roller, yarn storage device, transverse yarn guide hook, bobbin, lifting creel and bobbin reel.

The parts of the two-for-one twister that need to be checked frequently:

1. Spindle part

If abnormal spindles are found, they shall be dealt with in the following order:

① Pull out the stationary disc (yarn container binder) forcefully to separate the stationary disc from the clamping disc.

② Check whether there is any waste wire wrapped around the spindle bearing, remove if there is any, and check the flexibility of the bearing.

④ Use a special fixture to hold the inner ring of the bearing and press the bearing in.

⑤ After re-fitting the apron on the bearing, press in the stationary disc.

If the spindle feet are short of oil, they should be refueled immediately.

When twisting to the right, the tangled belt rotates clockwise, so when adjusting, start from the active belt pulley and check it clockwise for one round. The up and down movement of the dragon belt is also caused by the improper position of the tension guide wheel. If there is yarn wrapped around the dragon belt, the small amount can be processed when the machine stops, and the large amount needs to be processed immediately, otherwise the dragon belt will slip and abnormal noises will occur. When the dragon belt is seriously polluted, the spindle speed will decrease, the dragon belt will slip and make abnormal sounds, so the dragon belt should be removed and cleaned with neutral detergent.

If you have other related knowledge about textile machinery, you can follow us~ We will update related knowledge from time to time~ You can also follow NEWHELI if you need to buy textile machinery~

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