#happyifying-things

[unionize-aromantically]

Intro to pronouns in Norwegian

personal pronouns: I = jeg, du = you (singular), han=he, hun=she (booknorwegian), ho=she(newnorwegian), hen=they (singular), vi=we (both languages), me=we(newnorwegian),dere=you (plural), de =they (plural)

Norwegian Booklanguage has a fourth person pronoun "man". it basically refers to "people in general", etc. I think at least I'm less sure of this.

example: "man kan ikke se seg selv i speilet så tidlig om morgenen" -> one can't (reasonably) look themselves in the mirror this early in the morning.

You can (inflect?) change these very similarly to english, however we don't have themselves/himself etc.

I'm to do the possessives (my/your/yours etc) later because there are a lot.

first person:

singular: I/me -> jeg/meg (book-language)

singular: I/me -> eg/meg (newnorwegian)

plural: we/us -> vi/oss (both)

plural: we/us -> me/oss (Newnorwegian)

the reflexives (equivalent to "se" & "me" in french) are: meg (singular) and oss (plural). reflexive words go after the verb.

examples:

jeg gleder meg! -> I'm excited (literal / wrong: I am happyifying myself). (uses nominativ/subject form and reflexive)

Ser du meg? -> do you see me? (literal / wrong: See you me?). (uses accusative/object form)

Vi koser oss -> we are having a cozy time (literal: we are cozifying ourselves).

De ga oss en gave -> they gave us a gift.

second person:

singular: you/you -> du/deg. (equivalent to I/me for second person)

plural: you/you -> dere/dere

we also have an archaic formal form that is NOT used much, but you might find it in older texts. : you/you -> De/Dem. (capitalization is important here).

examples:

Du

third person singular:

he/him/his/his/himself -> han/han/hans or han/ham/hans

she/her/her/hers/herself -> hun/henne/hennes

they/them/their/theirs/themselves -> hen/hen/hens

some nonbinary people use de/dem as singular pronouns

it/its/itself translates to den or det and I went through this in another post.

The reflexive for all singular third person pronouns is "seg"

examples:

hun gleder seg -> she's waiting excitedly / she's excited.

Hen kjørte ham til togstasjonen -> they drove him to the train station.

third person plural:

uh weird sidenote here, we imported hen as a neopronoun recently and like... we already had a pronoun that is "hen", it refers to a place and can mean where. so beware. like "hen kjørte han" could mean both "where did he drive" and "they drove him". You can elongate the sentence, use context or clarify. In speech this would probably come across through uh word emphasis or like pronunciation?

edit: I couldn't find it in the dictionary so it might be a dialect thing. The word is however an adverb according to NAOB (link).

they/them (plural) -> de/dem (not capitalized unless it's at the start of a sentence)

The reflexive for third person plural is also "seg".

De tenkte kun på seg selv alle sammen -> they only thought about themselves every one of them.

Please ask if you have any questions!

#ink.post #txt #ink teaches Norwegian