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swinterwriting-blog · 6 years

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Final: The Video Game Industry

The history of video games is largely tied to the history of computer and internet technologies. Video games began in the 1970s and 80s in arcades. Original games like Space Invaders and Atari’s Pong have become iconic. During this time, home-made video games were popular, and media culture and conversation around gaming began to develop. As computer technologies improved, home gaming consoles like the PlayStation4 and Xbox were created. The industry changed again as mobile phones became popular in the 2000s. Artists and content creators have been able to impact the industry from its beginnings to its current moment. This is not to say the industry is free from problems of representation and diversity. The video game industry has stayed true to its roots. The people who had the money and ability to game early on in gaming history had some privilege. It is still largely those people of privilege creating these games. However, the movement has also been influenced from the bottom-up, often taking developers and publishers by surprise.

In What are the world’s 5 biggest videogame companies? A foolish take the author explains that the world’s top 25 video game companies are making $94.1 billion a year. The top video game publishers (companies that coordinate the production of video games) are Tencent, Sony, Apple, Microsoft, and Activision Blizzard. Tencent is a Chinese multinational conglomerate founded in 1998. Tencent is the world's largest gaming and social media company, and one of the world's most valuable technology companies. Tencent games has a stake in Activision Blizzard, and has pushed popular games like FIFA Online, PUBG Mobile, and Arena of Valor.

Sony Interactive Entertainment is a multinational video game and digital entertainment company that is owned by Sony Corporation. The company was established in 1993 to handle Sony's video game development with its new PlayStation brand. Since the successful launch of the original PlayStation console in 1994, the company has been improving and profiting from consoles and accessories. As a part of one of the world’s largest corporations, the shareholders in the company include large banks like Citigroup.

Many people don’t think of Apple when they think of gaming, but Apple receives a 30% share of all games sold in the App store. With the booming industry of mobile gaming, this small portion of Apple’s profits is a large portion of the cash flow in the industry. Apple is a joint-stock tech behemoth.

Microsoft is an American multinational technology company that created PlayStation competitor, Xbox. The Xbox brand offers games, and streaming services. The brand was introduced in the United States in 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.

Activision Blizzard is an American video game company founded in 2008 through the merger of Activision and Vivendi Games. The company owns and operates additional studios, including Treyarch, and Infinity Ward, and its titles have broken a number of release records. Call of Duty: Black Ops III was the biggest entertainment launch of 2015. Other franchises owned by Activison are Destiny, Blizzard Entertainment's World of Warcraft, Diablo, Hearthstone, Heroes of the Storm, and King's Candy Crush Saga. It is the largest game company in the Americas and Europe in terms of revenue.

One notable publishing figure is Ding Lei. He has made $17.3 billion as the founder of internet-giant Netease and was also China's first gaming billionaire. His company partners with Activision Blizzard on World of Warcraft and Hearthstone in China, plus exclusive licensing of Minecraft.

These publishers can also profit from advertising revenue in games. Dynamic in-game advertising is the process of sending ads into video games while individuals are playing and of changing the ads and offering different sponsored downloads depending on player game setting and level. This is an echo of the media fragmentation already taking place, segmenting and targeting consumers with television, social media, and consumer tracking. Many games make substantial profits from advertising in the games.

The video game industry is expanding quickly, and with its rather recent development, a large amount of the wealth is already concentrated at the top. As with any industry, competition is healthy, and yet the video game industry is following a path of conglomeration we see in all media industries.

In 16 trends that will define the future of videogames the author describes some of the different moving parts within the industry. Many of the trends shaping technology and how we use it are also shaping the distribution of gaming content. One large factor changing gaming is social media—social media blurs the lines of games and our online realities. Social games are games played through social networks like Facebook. The increased use of tablets and mobile devices, which can be used as portable gaming platforms with family members of all ages, has made toddler and child mobile games another valuable market. Many toy brands are integrating the digital games with physical ones. There is a name for this educational children’s gaming--edutainment is the genre of teaching-oriented video games that are designed to have educational outcomes.

Another trend is the opening market demographic of older gamers. As today’s gamers age, they will carry their habits with them, and as life requires people to live increasingly online, older generations have growing interest in gaming. As we age, the idea of creating an avatar, a character that represents the user within a virtual world, becomes more appealing.

Many gaming trends allow for more interactive content creation. Steam Early Access and the new Xbox Preview programme allow fans to buy games before they are finished and have a say in the development process. Gamers don’t just play, but create. Trends in game creation provide opportunities for people to truly create their own realities, especially as the future of gaming becomes more integrated with virtual reality.

One gaming trend that has changed industries from multiple angles is streaming. The most popular platform, Twitch, is a live streaming video platform owned by Amazon. Introduced in 2011, the site primarily focuses on video game live streaming, including broadcasts of eSports competitions, as well as less popular music broadcasts, creative content, and, "in real life" streams. Content can be viewed live or in video archives. Twitch has around 750 million monthly viewers. In the article Youtube is closing the gap with Twitch on live streaming, report finds, the author discusses the vast reach of streaming on sites like Twitch and Youtube.

Streaming is a gaming phenomenon. The success of Twitch outside of the gamer niche market was unanticipated, and popular gamers that stream have achieved a celebrity status in the world. People pay to watch gamers, and pay gamers to play well. Companies support and use influential gamers to increase hype and profits from games, and gamers can use eachother (through small gestures like shoutouts) to boost their own popularity.

The video game industry is uncharted territory, and the rapid changes in technology and distribution have created unexpected successes (live streaming) as well as shortcomings. The access children have to technology, and their proficiency with it proves they can adapt and succeed to live with virtual realities, yet it also continues to raise questions on different negative effects these interactive media messages can have on young heads and social lives. Violence, sexuality, and social isolation are all topics of conversation in the gaming sphere.

There are social inequalities in the industry. In The Video Game Industry’s Problem with Racial Diversity, and Zoe Quinn: after Gamergate don’t ‘cede the internet to whoever screams the loudest, the authors take two different approaches to the lack of representation in games, and lack of diversity in gaming content creators. Only 3% of video game content creators are African American, while 76% are white. This is extraordinarily disproportionate, considering that 53% of black adults game. While women represent closer to 21% of content creators, that does not balance the 48% of women who play. Race representation is gaming is even worse than the industries problems with gender.

The most notable gender equality progress in gaming came from a harassment campaign using #GamerGate. In August 2014, the harassment campaign targeted several women in the industry. One of these women was game developer Zoë Quinn. After Quinn's ex-boyfriend, wrote a slanderous blog post about her, making baseless claims about her sex life. #gamergate hashtag users falsely accused Quinn of an unethical relationship with journalist Nathan Grayson to receive good reviews on her games. Quinn received threats of rape, and death threats.

Police were largely unprepared to handle these threats, and Quinn was moved from her home during these events for her safety.

"Gamergaters" said that they were a movement, but had no official leaders, spokespeople, or manifesto. Gamergate supporters organized anonymously or pseudonymously on online platforms such as gaming platform 4chan, Internet Relay Chat, Twitter, and Reddit. The movement was read by many as a right-wing attack against female influence in video games.

Quinn still receives harassment, even in light of her success after the controversy. In her new book, she talks about the darker side of the internet and gaming industry, and is a leading female figure in gaming.

From another part of the industry, one notable streamer is Kristen or @KittyPlays on the internet. She is one of Twitch’s top talents. She streams twice a day and covers a variety of games like PUBG. KittyPlays is also known for her vlog, where she travels, cooks, and even races supercars. She has over 760,000 followers on Twitch.

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As in other industries, counterculture in gaming can be brought into the mainstream and the most recent example of this is Battle Royale. Battle Royale is a genre that blends survival, exploration and scavenging elements and last-man-standing gameplay. Players begin with minimal equipment, to scavenge for tools and eliminate all other opponents while avoiding being trapped outside of a shrinking safe zone. The winner is the last competitor in the game. This year, the free-to-play Fortnite Battle Royale became a cultural phenomenon almost overnight.

Another interesting adaption of the gaming industry is its popularity in comic con. Gamers from around the world attend and participate in conferences like these, creating communities and sharing new happenings in the industry, and in their favorite games and avatars.

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Subculture and counterculture within gaming are interesting to examine, because video games were a counterculture themselves for a good part of their history. The public was not, and still in some ways, does not fully approve of video games. Video games have been associated with violence, social disorders, and a “lazy” millennial culture. Video games have been adapted to culture somewhat similarly to the way television was. Despite concerns, they have been deeply integrated into society, and are now a media that is here to stay. The industry is new, and adaptable, and changes in poor portrayal of female and minority characters are portrayed is possible, especially when the change starts with diversifying the content creators. People like Zoe Quinn and KittyPlays are making names for women in gaming, and new developments in technology turn the tables all the time.

Works Cited

Ong, Sandy. “The Video Game Industry's Problem with Racial Diversity.” Newsweek, 18 Oct. 2016.

Perez, Sarah. “YouTube Is Closing the Gap with Twitch on Live Streaming, Report Finds.” TechCrunch, TechCrunch, 25 Oct. 2018.

Stuart, Keith, and Jordan Erica Webber. “16 Trends That Will Define the Future of Video Games.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 23 July 2015.

Sun, Leo. “What Are the World's 5 Biggest Video-Game Companies? A Foolish Take.” USA Today, Gannett Satellite Information Network, 19 June 2018.

Turow, Joseph. Media Today: Mass Communication in a Converging World. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

Valenti, Jessica. “Zoe Quinn: after Gamergate, Don't 'Cede the Internet to Whoever Screams the Loudest'.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 24 Sept. 2017.

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rachelhowieewrites · 6 years

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Blog Post 8: News Article

A giant hole the size of Maine and as deep as the Grand Canyon has opened up in Antarctica's sea ice cover, and the worst part is scientists can’t tell us why. A group of scientists observed a similar hole in 2016, although this one was much smaller. The hole scientists are currently observing is over 30,000 square miles making it the largest hole since the 1970s. In fact, this may be the same recorded hole founded in the 70s, that has just reappeared, disappearing for several decades. One of the first things scientists can’t explain is why this hole disappeared for forty odd years.

Called a polynya, these holes can be difficult to discover in the winter, because the season is so harsh in Antarctica, though both of these holes formed during the winter seasons. Which is interesting considering the winters in Antarctica are well below freezing. We come to the question, why are these polynyas forming, and what can be done about them?

Polynyas form because the deep sea water below the thick layer of Antarctica’s ice, lies warmer saltier water than above. The oceans natural current causes the warmer water to shift upwards, causing the sea ice above to melt. Although one would think the new water would just form into new ice, this is not the case. When the warmer sea water becomes cool on the surface, it becomes ice, and then sinks to the bottom, where warmer waters reside. This allows the polynya to become bigger, and continue growth without regrowing any ice to fill the hole.

The hole was found by a robotic float that can function under layers of sea ice. Scientists aren’t sure what long term effects this polynya will have on the oceans climate, or if it’s related to climate change. The problem they are predicting is that with the polynya allowing the ocean and atmosphere to exchange heat, creating more melting. Which in turn could lead to significant impacts on the planets climate.

We need to find out what’s happening in Antarctica, and whether or not it’s going to have an effect on our home. The earth is a delicate place, one that many of us have not been taking care of. Take this polynya as a sign, waters are heating up, and whether we can confirm that has or is an effect of climate change is secondary. What’s important is that we take care of our planet the way we should, which means recycling, being environmentally friendly, and walking or riding a bike more often.

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saltyblazestudent · 6 years

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20 Killed in Upstate New York Limo Crash

A limo carrying 18 passengers wrecked shortly before 2pm on Saturday Oct 6th in Schoharie New York. The limo struck a parked vehicle after failing to stop at a stop sign killing all 18 people (including the driver) in the limo and two pedestrians near the parked car swell. Authorities at the moment have not released the names or information about the victims, or about the destination of the limo or the limo company. Families of the deceased are still being informed about the accident. The National Transportaion Safety board will be conducting an investigation over the next few days at the scene to determine the other variables that might have contributed to this accident. Nothing has been said on whether the driver was intoxicated or if the limo had mechanical problems but authorities will likely release this information after much investigation.

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thekitchenisopen13-blog · 6 years

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Blog Post 7 : New York Post

Part I

A. Title: The size of the paper’s title is not too big but big enough for you to know what the name of the paper is. The title is located on the top of the paper, centered in the middle. It grabs my attention because most newspapers have the old English font, a classic look, but this newspapers title reminds me of a comic book. It is very bold but subtle. The front page of the actual physical copy of the New York Post has a blown-up picture and takes up the whole page. It is so hard to miss this paper. The home page is similar and still has huge pictures but is not as focused on one story. I think the font brings in people since the font is outrageously large. Every word is bold and big. It also is simple to read, we crave speed in today’s world and I think by shortening their headlines and making them sound scandalous in one sentence with a bunch of exclamation points makes people at least want to look at it.

B. Headline: The headline is 85% of the page. The headline reports mysterious behavior in a popular Mexican vacation spot for tourist. It does not show any type of partisan orientation. The story is international. I think it was important because Mexico is experiencing a high level of murder rates.

C. Stories: There is an overload of stories on the website, at least 10 or more. There are many stories covering the Kavanaugh case and other stories about sexual assault. Some celebrity news covering their personal lives and international news covering devastating weather in many countries. I feel there is a good balance of “good and bad news” they try to add positive stories after each bad story. There is also a good balance of “soft and hard news”.

D. Photos/Graphics: The colors are red, white and black and everything about the website is unappealing because nothing really wants me to stay. The big font is maybe the only reason I would keep reading.

E. Source: There are a couple other news sources, Fox news and news.com.au shows up multiple times. Most of the stories are theirs, but I did see credited AP stories, after going through a couple of stories, I found 4. I think this paper does a great job at saying who reported each story but sometimes the big font reminds me of tabloids. I think their stories have a solid base.

Part II

F. Sections: News, sports, metro, entertainment, business, opinion, fashion, living, real estate, tech and media. News- Why the FBI hasn’t interviewed Kavanaugh or Ford, Sports- Knicks’ forgotten rookie steals show in preseason head-turner, Metro- 'You've got to be f--king kidding me': Dad reacts to NYPD son's hooker humiliation, Entertainment- Mischa Barton joining 'The Hills' reboot, Business- GM and Honda are teaming up on self-driving cars, Fashion- Rihanna steps out in head-to-toe snakeskin, living- Man who OD's on erectile dysfunction drug now has a hard time seeing, Real Estate- Vornado quietly presented 15 Penn Plaza renderings to investors. These stories are very random, but they fit their category well. I think they chose these stories because they want stories that will get people’s attention.

G. Advertisements? The main ads being show are mainly fashion and travel. I think this is geared towards 35+ adults, the fashion ads are mainly companies like Loft, Loft has a business casual feel and I think as you get older you want to travel more. People in general also want to travel more. I think they advertise for 25+ adults overall.

H. Ownership: Rupert Murdoch owns the New York Post, a tabloid newspaper on the island of Manhattan that is widely considered to be the golden standard of journalistic ethics, writing and sophistication.

Part III

I. Fact vs. Opinion: “It’ll start the minute the next nominee is named. For the Democratic Party refuses to accept that it lost the election of 2016. And if it can succeed in torpedoing Kavanaugh, it’ll be made to believe future election results don’t have to be accepted either.” This is a fact/opinion. https://nypost.com/2018/10/03/how-the-kavanaugh-travesty-is-changing-the-senate/ Seth Lipsky gives his opinion on future elections, but politics is systematic, and he could be right.

J. Bipartisanship: This newspaper does swing right but also provides a balance and goes left to create a neutral environment.

K. Writer’s Thesis: I looked through multiple articles and the thesis is lost in the story; each story just starts right off the bat. I looked more into the Kavanaugh case just because it has such a large following.

L. Eliciting Emotion: “What a mess. And what a glimpse into the anger that has consumed the Senate.” https://nypost.com/2018/10/03/how-the-kavanaugh-travesty-is-changing-the-senate/ The emotion behind this is a sense of uncertainty. I think he did this to expose and break down that it is a chaotic time for the senate.

Part IV: Conclusive Analysis

This source gives me mixed signals, they have stories that you would probably hear from TMZ, but they also have stories on the economy and politics. To use this source, you want to sort through it. I liked the variety in the newspaper because it can keep you entertained for longer and you easily go down a rabbit hole, especially with their attention-grabbing headlines. The shortcomings mainly include that there have been unreliable resources, even just typing in “New York post” into google comes up with questions on its reliability. I would say a 90% is reliable but maybe that 10% could have some false information. I personally would get tired of this newspaper mostly because there is so much going on, story after story and it becomes overwhelming.

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whydejwu21-blog · 6 years

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Blog11: Music industry

In the music industry there are alot of contact between music labels and radio stations. A Lot of this communication is done through copyright laws giving stations rights through licences and collecting royalties on playing music on the radio. Majority of times the labels sign a bunch of artist but end up suppressing them if the start to stray away from their initial image. As for an independent artist being separate from a label and marketing yourself it takes a lot to advertise yourself and to get your stuff to radio stations to be played unless you know someone in the industry. Most of the time artist have to work to maintain a money flow to keep performing instead of giving it all up in risk of losing everything. Just being with a label takes away this fear you have someone who can pay you a 6 figure salary immediately. Artist usually start off independant then cross over to be dependent on a label to survive and keep making art. There are platforms that can get you recognized but your surrounded by millions who think they can make it to which make visibility impossible. Its rare for an artist to make it unless they have a really deep devoted fan base.

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jnufio · 6 years

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Lab 1

I luckily grew up in an amazing small mountain town known as Aspen where while growing up the town was still growing from its locally based media outlets and local stores. They have grown exponentially since then, but I still remember a time of having to read the local newspaper to see when the movie times where. The Aspen Times/ Snowmass Sun are the biggest newspaper media outlets within the town. A high percentage of Aspen citizens also read the newspaper opposed to major metropolitan areas where they thrive on electronic publications/ news. Aspen Times was founded in 1881 and was for a large portion of its history was privately owned mostly by one or two owners. In 1992 the Times was sold to a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter for the Washington Post that redesigned the newspaper from being a mainly local news outlet to also incorporating international news and culture reporting. In 1999 the Aspen Times were bought out by a much larger regional newspaper buy up, Swift Communications based out of Carson City, Nevada. Swift Communications also owns ten other Colorado resort town newspapers. Aspen Times printed weekly and daily editions until 2004, when it was then eventually converted to a Sunday edition only. The Aspen Times is still to this date as the primary source of news and classifieds within the Pitkin county region, mainly it’s local population and not tourists. Since Aspen and its other surrounding towns are very small and separate from major metropolitan areas most people know one another and the community is very connected. The Aspen Times pays homage to that and prides itself on covering stories on local successes. Joseph Turow puts it best; “Media producers consider how they should define their audience, what kinds of materials they need to create in order to draw audiences that will generate adequate revenues, and if those audiences actually were attracted to those media products. (Turow, pg. 59). When for example the Aspen Times created a cover story on a hometown Olympian and close friend Alex Ferreira. One of Aspens radio stations that owns several other outlets is KDNK 88.3. In an area that is considered rural in its nature, Aspen may have areas that can receive broadband and cable other areas however are further in the mountains may only get radio transmission. KDNK was founded in 1987 and is still privately owned, they also host board meetings every month that are open to the public to gather the community. Radio stations aside from paper publications are also important to Aspen’s media outlets. Besides from music outputs which strongly favor toward local bands and state musicians they also communicate new things going on in the area. Aspen is a large tourism town that attracts a lot of entertainment such as the winter x-games and food and wine. Aspen produces immense amounts of entertainment throughout the year and both media outlets are mainly used when communicating it to the citizens. I know that whenever I go back to visit I still grab an Aspen Times just to get caught up on the current events.

https://www.aspentimes.com/news/aspens-alex-ferreira-takes-silver-in-olympic-ski-halfpipe/

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psychadelicdelusions-blog · 6 years

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LAB 3 : Adult Swim

Debuting in 2001, Adult Swim serves as the nighttime identity of Cartoon Network, and was established as alternative programming during the late night hours when Cartoon Network. The primary audience for CN leans more to the 3-15 years of age versus the 18+ demographic that Adult swim presents. Much of Adult Swim's general content is known for their risqué, crude, and improvisational humor, along with purposefully cheap-looking animation, and often bizarre presentations. Shows like American Dad, Robot Chicken, and Family Guy are a primary example of unorthodox humor used within the network. Turner Broadcasting System (also afflicted with Time Warner cable) is the corporation that owns Adult swim, Cartoon Network, TBS, TNT, CNN, and Boomerang. The corporation mainly takes apart of Horizontal integration due to the fact the vertical can only do so much. Furthermore, the only partnership I've seen such Disney with marvel, is Adults swims association with Fox networks television shows. These shows are mentioned above, but primarily American Dad and Family guy which are produced on the Fox umbrella, but since it also is paired with adult swim provides even more ratings then what you would get on Fox. One controversial thing I've noticed about the network is that although it reaches 2 different demographics of age (Cartoon Network/adult swim) which can be good thing when looking at ratings, but it can negatively affect children and teenagers below the adult age by brainwashing. What do I mean about brainwashing? Well as someone who has first hand experience with growing up with adult swim, I can attest to this the best.

At the age of 6, I was already focusing my time staying up late to watch Adult swim, because even tho I couldn’t understand everything fully I was able to eventually to gain a grasp of what they racial jokes and innuendos within the show meant. I knew a lot about things a 6 year old should never know about and thats why I felt as if I was always older than my age mentally, due to me knowing all this top secret adult language other kids never knew about. This is the bad thing about allowing an adult program to be partnered with a kid network. Parents should really focus on putting child lock settings upon their televisions, because I truly think I was one messed up child after watching these shows as a child. Furthermore, I also concluded at that age that racial stereotypes presented upon these shows is actually what occurs in daily life, which as I say is not good for a young impressionable child to experience.

Although, looking back at it now I can see that it is truly just a satirical comedy that isn’t trying to continue racial stereotypes, but is trying to analyze it and joke that this is what are society is truly like.

I tried finding 3 sources of news media that have covered this sort of topic, however, I failed to find any whatsoever.

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alexaplaymyflashbriefing-blog · 6 years

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Lab 1: Hometown Media

In Fairfield County, Connecticut the media is surprisingly unconcentrated and controlled by lots of different organizations with many different intentions. To understand why most of the local media is for the benefit of the local consumers one must understand the demographics of Fairfield County. The median household income is $81,268 compared the $59,039 national average. 60% of Fairfield County residents have a bachelor’s degree or higher compared to the national average of 32%. Of those with a degree 48% of those are professional degrees such as doctorates and MBA’s. This makes Fairfield County one of the most educated and wealthiest populations in the country. So, what are the media outlets that are under local control? Radio and news papers are the most locally controlled media outlets. Of the 24 radio stations broadcasting out of Fairfield County, 11 are college/high school stations controlled by the students, 5 are public radio stations such as NPR, the other 8 are locally owned religious or ethnic stations. As for news papers there are three major local publications; Westport Now, The Fairfield Patch, and The Connecticut Post. Westport Now was started in 1980 by Westport first selectman, advocating for zoning issues, who still lives in the town. Similarly, The Fairfield Patch is owned by a Fairfield councilman. The only one with a parent corporation is the CT Post owned by Hearst Media group out of Hartford, CT. So how did so much of the local media come to be owned by locals? It has to do with the income, education and skillsets available in the area. As previously discussed Fairfield County is one of the most educated and wealthiest areas on the planet, what this has done is allowed for missive private investment into institutions such as local high schools and colleges as well as an increased funding of public radio. It also ensures local citizens have the skills and abilities to run entire media enterprises.

Where this wonderful model of media control has failed is in areas requiring massive corporate investment. While the citizens of Fairfield county have the money and skill set to own and operate simple media outlets, they do not have the skill set to start a new cable company. This is exactly the concerns of John Bellamy Foster and Robert W. McChesney in their article The Internet’s Unholy Marriage to Capitalism. Their idea, the ‘Paradox of the Internet’ explains how internet service providers are the creation of licensed local monopolies who received public sector investment to ensure all Americans have access to phone services. Later those publicly funded lines were used for providing internet and these local monopolies were allowed to consolidate into just a few corporations. Currently in Fairfield County we can see this in action. The only available ISPs in the area prior to 2018 were Optimum Online provided by Altice Inc, a national provider who also owns Cablevision, AT&T U-verse and Direct TV also owned by AT&T. This is obviously concerning, monopolies in any market can create nightmares for consumers looking for competitive rates. However, in 2018 Viasat stepped into the market. Viasat is a California based satellite ISP who is new to the area. Viasat does not have a parent corporation and is a revolutionary idea for breaking up these monopolies. It had previously been the case that capital investment requirement were too large for another ISP to enter the market, but new technology is changing that. Viasat uses the decreasing cost of satellite to create an opening in this market. So is capitalism failing like Foster and McChesney claim? There is an argument to be made that capitalism is exactly on track and new technologies from the private sector will come save the day from government created monopolies.

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duchesscat01 · 6 years

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The 126-year Long of VOGUE

From 1892-1905 ownership was to Arthur Baldwin Turnure and Vogue 1st ever Editor-in-chief: Josephine Redding (1892-1907). Josephine Redding, was also a socialite who donned the magazine Vogue. Her real passion was for animal welfare which she later included in sections of Vogue. As a weekly magazine for high society New Yorkers originally, it also showed covers with well-polished women that were called Gibson girls. During this time, they were the epitome of the New York socialites. The initial content of the magazine was written to attract the attention of men and women.There came a change in Vogue in the years 1989-1899 the magazine experienced many changes. Vogue had developed a stronger fashion direction and its contents geared more towards fashion. There were increasingly large format fashion plates and different departments and sections in the magazine were expanded. In the beginning of the twentieth century, Vogue transformed into a women’s fashion magazine. It was no longer targeting male audiences. Readers soon extended beyond socialite New York. Even with the increased readers, circulation numbers were declining. Because of this Turnure was in a losing battle finacial because of this Conde Nast believed he could help. Then through 1905-1920 Conde Nast was the owner of Vogue. Conde Nast bought Vogue a year before Turnure death. Under Conde Nast Vogue took its issues to reach a wider upscale audience. Thanks to Conde Nast previous experience in advertising helped double revenue. He was influence to expand Vogue’s pattern enterprises. And so he was able to completely reform the design by introducing full color front and back covers. Conde Nast also changed the magazine circulation by replacing its usual weekly magazine to a semi-monthly magazine. The magazine changed it focus to clothing. In 1923 Vogue was incorporated under Conde Nast Publication. During this time Marie Harrison (1907-1914) was editor-in-chief. Then Edna Woolman (1914-1951). By 1959 Samuel I. Newhouse bought Conde Nast for USD$5 million as an anniversary gift for his wife Mitz. His family had already owned Advance Publications and with his purchase of Conde Nast Publications he merged it with Advance Publications in 1959. During these times Jessica Daves (1952-1963) and Diana Vreeland (1963-1971) were editor-in-chief throughout these important shifts after these changes Grace Mirabella (1971-1988) was editor-in-chief . In 2000 Advance Publications purchased Fairchild Publications by 2011 Conde Nast was the major publisher to deliver subscription for ipod, by then Anna Wintour (1988-present) become editor-in-chief and the real fun began since then.

Before Anna Wintour, in 1909 Conde Nast purchased the magazine and reformed the magazine completely, he introduced a section where women could sell and exchange items. Obviously in today Vogue magazine women can’t exchange items or sell them but they can view luxuary items and buy in stores or online now. How the magazine was then and now has not changed much, Vogue has continue to seek out renowned writers to contribute to the magazine. But in today era audiences have the choice to either buy the magazine or they can subscribe to their online version. Which is cheaper and they have deals that can include Vogue magazine and another luxuary magazine for a whole year. Those types of deals have gone exceedingly well in Vogue’s favor because their subscription have increased since the year 2000. Mostly because of how audiences would rather maximize their profit so they don’t mind spending a bit more for a month or for a whole year if they get two magazines for the price of one subscription. It makes since Vogue is a consumer magazine, its revenue are from the general audiences. But now it has focus on a more specific demographics. Vogue use to reach out to the socialites when it was first created. Now they tend to mostly females, about 77% of their readers are women. The 77% of women are from the ages between 16 and older. These women are mostly upper-class, white women. Even though its funny how they owner of Vogue have been and are white themselves. But they have been interested in fashion and publishing. But the owners have allowed the editor-in-chief, who have been always white women, to dictate how the magazine will presented in each editor-in-chief era’s. Since Vogue creation women have always been part of the positions, but at the same time it’s noticeable that many designer, writers, photographers have been manily males, but over the last 5-10 year Vogue have been including many other females in these categories to submit their pieces in their digital and print.

Vogue its founder Arthur Baldwin Turnure, Conde Nast, Samuel I. Newhouse, and Vogue’s editor-in-chief’s are the original pioneers of Vogue. Under Arthur Baldwin Turnure, Conde Nast, and Samuel I. Newhouse Vogue each expanded into a colomerated of the publishing world for 125 years. Each provided a unique portion to Vogue’s image and how they’re still here today. Turnure for creating a magazine to attract the attention of both women and men. As well as changing to fit what the general audiences wanted, more conversation about fashion. Turnure therefore developed additional segments to move their direction on fashion. Conde Nast brought a new design format to Vogue by introducing color front, back covers, and a good quality printing by buying a printing company. And color was finally added to the covers once he was satisfied with the quality of the printing. Samuel I. Newhouse “he created new titles, entered markets around the globe and helped reengineer magazines as thick, glossy periodicals in which paid advertisements seem to complement rather than interrupt the articles” www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-si-newhouse-dead-20171001-story.html. He became known for "a long line of editorial decapitations," as Maier put it, including the firing of Grace Mirabella, who learned from a television news report that her time as Vogue's editor-in-chief had come to an end. Mirabella was moved to make way for Anna Wintour, who had earlier led British Vogue and House & Garden. She was one beneficiary of Newhouse's preference for big-name star editors. Another was Tina Brown, whom Newhouse named editor first of Vanity Fair, then of the New Yorker. But before mentioning Anna Wintour, there were other legendary editors-in-chief who made this magazine so famous. The first was Josephine Redding, she was the first editor-in-chief, and during her regrime she covered Vogue in furriness. Redding is credited with naming the publication, she was known to prefer animals to fashion. “During her regime,” Edna Woolman Chase recounted in her memoirs, “the pages of Vogue barked, meowed, cheeped, and roared with accounts of animal life.” On several occasions, the cover went to the dogs, literally https://www.vogue.com/article/vogue-covers-models-facts-history.

There were many other editor-in-chief that were important to Vogue but the most important to date it Anna Wintour. She became editor-in-chief in the year 1988 and had became one of the most famous and pioneers of the industry. Like how she had celebrities on the cover rather then supermodels. She was the pioneer in mixing cheaper fashion items with the more expensive ones in her photo shoots. She created the movement that combined regular clothing with haute couture. There’s no name to it, just a movement that jump started for the rest of fashion magazines to move. She was the one to help Marc Jacobs and Alexander McQueen break into the fashion world. Because of her assistance, any designer can connect with a retailer. In 2009 she created Fashion’s Night Out to encourage people to spend money as well as let audiences meet fashion designers, Oscar de la Renta and Tommy Hilfiger, and celebrities like Sarah Jessica Parker and Halle Berry.

When it comes to fashion, the most important countercultural movements in the fashion industry is the Youth Movements of the 1960s. That was the time when America’s youth started to exprise themselves freely. With the use of child-like short skirts of the mid 60s to the costume type outfits of the hippies, clothing took on new lines, color, and a reflection of vibrant optimism mixed with an idealistic yearning for a new egalitarian society. The early 60’s fashion icon were Emilio Pucci, Jackie Kennedy, Audrey Hepburn [my favorite], Twiggy, and Jean Shrimpton. Emilio Pucci was a designer who introduced the tapered Capri pants, and a new lightweight clothing that was perfect for travel. His wrinkle-free silk jersey made in bold colors and vibrant color combinations created a new casual style with a youthful appeal. Jackie Kennedy, the youthful first lady presented herself with a natural, yet sophisticated style in a manner that was classically simple. Mixing Parisian couture and a breezy, athletic American style, Jackie Kennedy favored boat-neck tops, trousers, and sleeveless dresses. Her formal attire lost the fussy look of the past, leaning toward clean lines and bright colors. With her matching bright color lipstick. Audrey Hepburn, the muse of Herbert de Givenchy, became a fashion icon influential to this day. She was tall and thin following an era when the feminine ideal was curvy and robust. In her flat shoes and dancer's stance, she created a youthful new look without flashy ornamentation that relied on a natural grace as depicted in her films Sabrina and Breakfast at Tiffany's. Twiggy, the fashion model who became a highly famous figure in the early to mid 60’s. Thin to the point of being too thin and weak, her androgynous appeal became the slouchy, big-eyed portrait of a modern girl. Her short boyish hair, and exaggerated eye makeup gave her a unique look recognizable to this day. And Jean Shrimpton, she was once the model of the year in the 60’s for her long legs, pouty lips, and straight hair with bangs https://bellatory.com/fashionindustry/Fashionsofthe1960sModsHippiesandYouthCulture.

Throughout Vogue, its history have been filled with plenty controversials. Such as: Josephine Redding was editor-in-chief she was approached by Rosa Payne who suggested a segment on garment patterns. But this was quite a controversial because presenting garments meant that Vogue readers would not be able to afford to buy the clothing but instead create their clothing. Then in 2011 supermodel Gigi Hadid was on the cover of Vogue Italia in “darker skin”. Although Hadid apoligzed for how Vogue executed their intentions, she knew what Vogue was trying to convey but they did not execute it well time.com/5266068/gigi-hadid-vogue-italia/.

As well as the time when Kendall Jenner modeling an 'Afro' this year to celebrate when 15 years ago, the @CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund was created to make the American fashion community more caring, more creative, more conscionable. But audiences were upset with this because they believe Vogue should have hired a woman who had a natural Afro instead of placing a fake one https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-6312759/Vogue-apologizes-controversial-shoot-showed-Kendall-Jenner-Afro.html and https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/kendall-jenner-vogue-afro_us_5bcf5960e4b0a8f17ef125a.

Vogue Paris it has been rumored for a number of years that this particular issue of Vogue Paris was the reason behind Carine Roitfeld‘s abrupt departure. After a series of problematic features inside the magazine, the bosses at Condé Nast eventually decided Roitfeld needed the push after Tom Ford‘s guest-edited issue for Christmas 2010. For the “Cadeaux” section,Sharif Hamza created a portfolio that ignited debate regarding the oversexualization of young children. In Hamza shot, where a bunch of underage children wearing dresses and accessories meant for a much older woman — the typical French Vogue reader. The girls were seen with mature hairstyles and faces full of makeup, while gazing down the lens with vacant expressions, all while surrounded by diamonds and gifts of various sorts.

Work Cited Page

Arnold, Laurence. 'Si' Newhouse, billionaire publisher of Vogue and GQ, dies at 89. Chicago Tribune, 2017.

Borrelli-Persson, Laird. Vogue Fun Facts by the Numbers. Vogue, 2017.

Borrelli-Persson, Laird. Sarah Jessica Parker Narrates the First Years of Fashion in Vogue, Starting in 1892. Vogue, 2017.

Gola, Kasia. American Vogue history in numbers. GeekGoesChic, 2016.

The Evolution of Vogue Magazine. Historpedia, 2012.

Conde Nast International. Vogue: Before It’s in Fashion It’s in VOGUE. Conde Nast Russia, 2012.

CBSNews. Vogue Puts Its 120-year History Online. CBS Interactive inc, 2011.

Monet, Dolores. Fashions of the 1960s: Mods, Hippies, and the Youth Culture. Bellatory, 2018.

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swinterwriting-blog · 6 years

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Blog Post 4: #ad

In our world, it has become almost impossible to distinguish what is considered an advertisement in consumer culture. Much of content that is not a blatant advertisement might appear as “sponsored content” promoted by an influencer. One opinion on this new wave of media is from media analyst Sut Jhally, and he argues “that the tendency of the persuasion industries is to play to people’s self-interests rather than the larger society’s interests is quite predictable. The market,” he says, “appeals to the worst in us…and discourages what is best in us.” (Turow 120)

With almost any content we consume, we are being sold on something. A quite obvious example of this is the partnership forged between reality/competition show America’s Got Talent and company Dunkin Donuts. The television show takes special care to promote the company from the very beginning, with product placement and product integration, beginning by showing each of the judges drinking Dunkin Donuts coffee during the show. The marketing becomes more direct as short clips of judges talking about the donuts or coffee are aired. Finally, the product integration reaches the style of event sponsorship in the late stages of the live shows, airing ads from the “Dunkin Lounge” where the competitors of America’s Got Talent are shown partying it up after they perform with the help of the brand’s coffee, donuts, and one of the celebrity judges certifying that Dunkin Donuts has created a good time. The show has also created a portion called the “Dunkin Save Vote,” and at the beginning of the live results, they announce the bottom placing contestants. Thanks to the “Dunkin Save Vote”, one of the three acts can be saved by voters before the end of the results show. This not only ties Dunkin Donuts to America’s Got Talent, but it also ties the brand to the many influential performers that come from the show by becoming a “part” of the competition process.

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While many of these ads are clearly staged, the diversity of these kinds of ads compared to the more generic ads aired on television brings up interesting questions about ethics and marketing in today’s integrated world of technology and consumerism.

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rachelhowieewrites · 6 years

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Blog Post 7

The Washington Post

Part 1:

A. The title is pretty apparent on the paper. It’s located on top of the page, in the middle of the header. I would say yes it grabs your attention, because it is so centered and it’s a different font than all of the other texts. I would say the front home page is cluttered, there’s a lot of different articles and advertisements that immediately pop up at the viewer. The font might pull in a potential reader because it makes the paper look more interesting and catches the attention of the viewer.

B. The interesting thing about this journal is that there isn’t a huge headline spreading across the page. Instead there’s a large advertisement, which is interesting because right away they’re trying to persuade their reader to buy a product or take influence from an ad. The most important piece of their newspaper is the advertisement, followed by several smaller headlines.

C. There are about 3-4 stories on the front page. The first one I saw was about the sexual misconduct allegations against Kavanaugh, and how Trump is adding to the confusion. Another one is about Lady Gaga’s new movie “A Star is Born” and the last one is about the new General Electric CEO. I would say there are two good news stories and one bad news story. I would say the two good news stories are also hard news stories, but the one about Kavanaugh seemed slightly more bias and emotions oriented. The next day there was an article about a disaster in Indonesia, after a 7.5 earthquake shook the city.

D. There aren’t a lot of photos and graphics, more advertisements than anything else. However, there are some photos within the articles, like a picture of Lady Gaga and the company General Electric. They want you to pay $1 a day to read articles on The Washington Post, but there isn’t really a reason to do it. You can find what you need, you’ll still get advertisements even if you subscribe.

E. All of the articles were written by authors that work for the Washington Post. There weren’t articles on the home page that were written by people outside of the journal.

Part 2:

F. The thing that I found interesting about this paper is that they don’t have typical categories. Instead they have current headlines that a lot of people are talking about. Those reside right under the title, of course they also have the typical headlines at the top of the page (politics, opinions, sports, local, national, world, business, tech, lifestyle, entertainment, video, and jobs).

a. Politics – “White House Agrees to Expand Kavanaugh Probe Slightly as McConnel Signals Vote is Imminent.” This is important because it’s something influential happening right now in politics. This is something really important within the US, especially if Kavanaugh is appointed.

b. Sports – “Washington Capitals to get their Names on the Stanley Cup.” This is important because again it’s something happening right now.

c. Local – “Airbnb says Proposed D.C. Rental Limits Would be Among Most Restrictive in the U.S.” This is important because it effects the nations capital residents. The complaint about home prices being too high is something we’re hearing from all over the nation, so it’s definitely an important thing to cover.

d. National – “Nobel Prize in Medicine goes to Two Cancer Immunotherapy Researchers.” This is definitely an important piece because not only does it tell you who won a Nobel Prize. But the important thing is that it was in cancer research, which shows we’re making progress on that front.

e. World – “Iran fires missiles at Islamic State Militants in Syria.” This is super important because this is a war that’s been going on for years. This is something Americans took upon themselves to “help.” So, we feel the need to report on it.

f. Business – “Battle Lines Taking Shape in California Legal Fight with Trump Administration over Net Neutrality.” Net neutrality is a huge problem the US is facing right now, because it’s such a controversial topic is why it was covered in this paper.

g. Tech – “Tesla Shares Soar After Musk Settles with SEC.”

h. Lifestyle – “Bradley Cooper will keep Geeking Out about a ‘Star is Born’ as long as you let him.”

i. Entertainment – “Go Ahead, Take Kim Kardashian Seriously as a Criminal Justice Activist. It’s okay.”

G. The ads changed daily, but the ads that were most prominent on Tuesday were Pacific Wildlife ads. An ad telling you that you can save money for retirement. I think these ads are being specifically presented because 1. I’m from Washington and they might be catering advertisements to people from that region. 2. They might be advertising for older people, that might be a large demographic of the older generation that ready the Washington Post.

H. In 2013 The Washington Post was bought by Jeffery Benzo for $250 million. Benzo is the owner of Amazon, although claims the Post and Amazon are not affiliated.

Part 3

I. Writer Jennifer Miller wrote a piece for The Washington Post titled: “American Girl: A Story of Immigration, Fear, and Fortitude.” This piece talked about how a girl is being separated from her family because of the new immigration laws. The piece gives information about the scenario but also assumes that immigration should be perceived as bad.

J. The Washington Post tries to stay in the middle when it comes to politics. However, if I had to say they had any political leaning it would be liberal. Specifically with the immigration article, although the author doesn’t come right out and say it, there’s an obvious need for the reader to accept that immigration is bad and tears families apart, which is a more liberal mindset.

K. “The Trump administration was canceling temporary protected status for El Salvador, a government program that had allowed Emily’s parents, both Salvadoran natives, to live and work legally in the United States for the past 17 years. According to the news, on Sept. 9, 2019, her mother, Maria Rivas, and her father, Jose, would be ordered to leave the country.”

L. “The Washington Post agreed to withhold Emily’s last name, since she shares it with two non-American siblings whose immigration cases are currently in legal proceedings.” I think this is something they didn’t really need to put in the article, we didn’t need to know she had two other siblings that were waiting to find out if they would be forced out of the country, but the author added this for extra effect.

Part 4

This paper seems to be pretty credible, even though they have a slight political leaning, every paper does. Because this paper has less of a lean, they are able to provide a more accurate account of what is happening around the world. They are also about to report on more because they don’t have to ignore some news because it doesn’t fit with their leaning. The most compelling thing about the newspaper is that it is The Washington Post, which is a paper that was founded in 1877, one year after the founding of America. It’s the largest paper in Washington D.C., and because it’s produced in our nations capital more people are likely to pay attention. The shortcomings would be that it’s focused on national news rather that news surrounding the D.C. area.

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brig50747-blog · 6 years

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“In that world we, momentarily, whatever we wanted to be” (Hook 1)

“The substances of man is such that he has to satisfy the needs of life with all his senses. His very being cries out for these sense to appropriate the true riches of life” (Hook 4)

Our capacity to value art is severely corrupted and prevented by politics of visual that suggest we must limit our responses to the narrow confines of a debate over good versus bad” (Hook 8

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saltyblazestudent · 6 years

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Why do i keep getting targeted by Far Right Advertisements?

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The video above is a video that is arguing how the ideology of Fascism is actually a more left leaning ideology than a right leaning leaning one. this is inherently untrue as many of the far right ideals and movements are rooted/inspired by fascist movements of the past but are also founded in the deep racism, classism, and xenophobia that is exclusively fascist. Yet here is Prager University arguing as to why the left and democrats are actually fascist? I consider myself to be very anti-fascist and to have these Prager U adds targeting me had me not only confused but a little angry. the videos read as political propaganda and just parrot ideas that are already circulated on the right such as how socialism is even worse than naziism and fascism. They have backwards opinions against women’s reproductive rights and many other subjects which they spout on about in 5-6 minutes “ads” that feel more like lectures that pop up before i watch Stanley Kubrick Film reviews or listen to a left leaning podcast on Youtube Called secular talk. I looked into to what Prager University is, it is not a university or educational institution at all. It is a propaganda machine that was founded by conservative talk show host Dennis Prager. It is a non-profit organization that specializes in making videos about political, sociological, and philosophical issues from a right wing point of view. Usually these ideas as i stated before just come off as the same racism, classisim, and sexisim that has been inherit to right wing ideologies for decades. Prager U is basically one big Specialty ad agency that specializes in peddling far-right propaganda with a pretty looking bow by having seemingly intelligent and well spoken professors and fucking Ben Sharpio (whose just a well spoken racist,sexist,and homophobe). Prager and youtube targets ads towards you based on your youtube searches and i believe that because i listen to a lot of left leaning political talk shows like secular talk or watch a lot of vice news Prager is try to direct ads my way in an effort to sway my political leanings. I recognize harmful propaganda however and thats all Prager University peddles is far-right propaganda. I think a spoof ad i saw on google making fun of Prager U i came across during my research perfectly sums up what Prager U is once you wash away all the well spoken professors,

“Prager Univeristy: Racism for smart people”

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thekitchenisopen13-blog · 6 years

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Blog Post 10 : News Article

An issue that I have personally felt in my life is one that many Latinos face in their native origins. My first time going to Mexico I had just turned 11 and it was my first time experiencing racism and it was directed towards my skin color. The one place I thought I would be comfortable in my skin had let me down. I never thought that Mexicans, my own people would judge me for the darkness of my skin. Darker toned Mexicans in Mexico are constantly looked down upon and there is this stigma that darker Mexicans are “dirty” due to the color of their skin. Research on this issue is still new and there are articles from 2012 but this problem has been going for a while, but no one really talked about it. North and south Mexico are divided by a skin color gap, Mexicans from the north are much lighter while, Mexicans from the south are darker due to indigenous groups living in the mountains and towns. This phenomenon is happening I think because people in Mexico think that the United States is the highest you can go in achievements and so people are trying so hard to act and look like what social and national standards have created.

About 30% of dark skinned Mexicans did not finish elementary school and live mostly in poverty, while almost half of white Mexicans have professional degrees and live more prosperous lives (Mexicans used…). Mexico data clearly showed people with white skin completing more years of schooling than those with browner skin – 10 years versus 6.5. That’s a crazy 45% gap in educational achievement between the darkest and lightest-skinned Mexicans. In Wealth, similarly correlates to skin color. The average Mexican household income in the LAPOP study was about US$193 a month. Citizens with lighter skin reported bringing in more than that on average, $220 a month. Darker citizens, on the other hand, earned just $137 – 41.5% less than their white compatriots (Zizumbo-Colunga, Daniel, and Iván Flores Martínez). It’s no overstatement to say that, in Mexico, highest-paying, most important jobs often seem to go to those who, in addition to having the best education and the strongest connections, have the lightest skin. On television and in politics you see light-skinned people. On construction sites, in police forces and in restaurant kitchens, you're more likely to find those who are dark-skinned. In the priciest neighborhoods, the homeowners have light skin, and the housekeepers are dark. Everyone knows this, and yet no one talks about it, at least not in elite circles. Mexicans don’t seem all that eager to discuss the larger dynamic that race feeds into: the fact that this is, and has always been, a country of deep divisions. In the 100 years since the Mexican Revolution, one part of Mexico has often been at war with another: urban vs. rural, rich vs. poor and, yes, dark-skinned vs. light-skinned (Jr.,Ruben).

For this issue to be recognized and embraced the people must want to talk about it, no one wants to own up to the fact that there is a racial bias. Mexico is already going through massive problems, people are being mass murdered every day, cops are crooked and can be influenced by money and so much is just kept under the rug. Racism is not something you can cure but it is something you can diminish overtime with being educated about the people around you.

Works cited:

Jr., Ruben Navarrette. “In Mexico, Racism Hides in Plain View.” CNN, Cable News Network, 20 Nov. 2012, www.cnn.com/2012/11/20/opinion/navarrette-mexico-racism/index.html.

“Mexicans Used To Think Racism Was A U.S. Thing. Not Anymore.” Texas Standard, www.texasstandard.org/stories/mexicans-used-to-think-racism-was-a-u-s-thing-not-anymore/.

Zizumbo-Colunga, Daniel, and Iván Flores Martínez. “Study Reveals Racial Inequality in Mexico, Disproving Its 'Race-Blind' Rhetoric.” The Conversation, The Conversation, 20 Sept. 2018, theconversation.com/study-reveals-racial-inequality-in-mexico-disproving-its-race-blind-rhetoric-87661.

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