anewwayofstudying

[anewwayofstudying]

jajaajaja, I got in!!! And now I am so excited!!!! 

and tired....

 My grades are not the best but I have a month to make them as high as I can!

Let the games begin!

#lets do dis

[anewwayofstudying]

Haematology

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils = granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes)

Monocytes & lymphocyes = mononuclear

Neutrophils

Most numerous (~60% of WBC)

Nucleus divided into lobes

Cytoplasm contains small granules

Stains pink with Romanowsky dyes

Lifespan of 6-10hrs

Exit into tissues - non-specific defence against bacteria and fungi

Eosinophils

1% of circulating leukocytes 

Large cytoplasmic granules - stain strongly with acidic dye eosin

Nucleus is bilobed

Circulate for 4-5hrs

Exit to tissues –> 

Defence against parasites 

Dampen allergic response

Tissue eosinophils are also capable of responding to bacterial and fungal infection in a similar way to neutrophils.

Basophils

Least numerous (<1%)

Large granules stain strongly with basic dye methylene blue

Involved in anaphylactic hypersensitivity and inflammatory reactions

Monocytes

5% of circulating leukocytes

Large cell

Kidney/clefted shaped nucleus

Scattering of delicate azurophilic granules

Circulate for 10hrs

Mature into phagocytic tissue macrophages

Responsible for the removal of aged RBCs and other debris

Process and present antigens to T-lymphocytes 

(Macrophages are formed in response to an infection or accumulating damaged or dead cells. Large, specialized cells that recognize, engulf and destroy target cells.)

Lymphocytes

Second most common leukocyte (33%)

Much less cytoplasm - nucleus almost fills cell

Variable lifespan

Receptors on surface recognise foreign substances

Several types of lymphocyte - click here

[anewwayofstudying]

Earl gray or Sleepytime?

[anewwayofstudying]

Bonus:

La tómbola!

#estadistica inferencial

[anewwayofstudying]

La tómbola!

#estadistica inferencial

[anewwayofstudying]

motivation is gone... I’m so freaking nervous!... my exam is next saturday at 9:30... wish me luck!

#i am ready #of course i am ready #i am so freaking ready

[anewwayofstudying]

Los aminoácidos con carga neta negativa o ácidos son 2:

Ácido glutámico o su forma ionizada: Glutamato      E      Glu

Ácido aspártico o su forma ionizada:  Aspartato       D      Asp

Son ácidos a pH fisiológico.

#aminoácidos ácidos #aminoacidos con carga negativa #aminoacidos #aminoacids

[anewwayofstudying]

Los aminoácidos con carga neta positiva también son llamados básicos y son:

!Lisina       K      Lys

*Arginina   R      Arg

*Histidina   H      His 

! = esencial

* = condicionalmente esenciales (se sintetizan en pequeñas cantidades, por lo que durante el crecimiento o la infancia se consideran esenciales)

#basic aminoacids #aminoácidos con carga positiva #aminoacidos #aminoacids

[anewwayofstudying]

Los aminoácidos polares sin carga pueden formar puentes de hidrógeno. Aprendiéndose el primero “CISTEÍNA” podemos recordar los demás...

C    Cisteína        Cys  (tiene SH, forma puentes disulfuro)    

Y    Tirosina        Tyr    (HIDROXILO, es aromático)

S    Serina           Ser   (HIDROXILO)

!T     Treonina      Thr   (HIDROXILO)

N     Asparagina  Asn  (AMIDA)

Q     Glutamina    Gln  (AMIDA)

con mucha imaginación podemos hacer pasar la “q” de glutamina por una “a” en la palabra cysteina 

! = aminoácidos esenciales

#polar aminoacids uncharged #aminoacidos polares sin carga #aminoacidos #aminoacids

[anewwayofstudying]

Los compuestos aromáticos son anillos; cadenas cíclicas de carbono con enlaces dobles conjugados (uno sí, uno no), lo que provoca una “deslocalización” de los electrones o resonancia electrónica... osease que los electrones en los dobles enlaces se mueven por todo el anillo, por ello, son capaces de absorber luz:

The term aromaticity is used to describe a cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds.  Aromatic amino acids are able to absorb light due to their conjugated double bonds. This characteristic of aromatic amino acids are used to quantify the concentration of proteins in an unknown sample

Los aminoácidos NO-POLARES aromáticos son dos:

!Fenilalanina      Phe  F

!Triptófano         Trp   W

! = aminoácidos esenciales 

#aromatic aminoacids #aminoacidos aromaticos #non polar #non polar aromatic aminoacids #aminoacidos aromaticos no polares

[anewwayofstudying]

Sólo hay un aminoácido no-polar cíclico....

non-polar cyclic aminoacids?

it’s just the one....

Proline      Pro   P

#aminoacids #aminoacidos #non polar cyclic aminoacids #aminoacidos ciclicos no polares

[anewwayofstudying]

Mi mnemotecnia para los aminoácidos no-polares alifáticos (compuestos de cadenas carbono-carbono)

non-polar aliphatic aminoacids:

Great Ass VILMa:

Glicina      Gly   G (su carbono alfa no es quiral -para ser quiral los 4 sustituyentes del C debe ser diferentes-)

Alanina     Ala   A

!Valina       Val    V

!Isoleucina Ile    I

!Leucina    Leu   L

!Metionina  Met  M (a pesar de tener azufre, su posición lo hace no-polar)

!= esenciales (necesitamos ingerirlos en la dieta diaria, no son sintetizados por nuestro organismo)

#aminoacids #aminoacidos #aliphatic aminoacids #aminoacidos alifaticos

[anewwayofstudying]

I’m so freaking nervous!!! I am going to do an exam on april 27th to enter to a Master’s degree in Biology... I already tried last year but I didn’t make it.... you know how hard it was to finish the career??....jesus! I feel a little scared, dazed, anxious, but happy and motivated,....... ahhhh! 

#me #may the force be with me

[anewwayofstudying]

To memorize amoniacids...

#aminoacids