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[julianottheastrologer]

Basil 101 - Ocimum selloi Benth.

Name: Basil

Scientific name: Ocimum selloi Benth.

Disclaimer: Due my native language is not english, some scientific expressions can be wrong. I'm also using local resource.

History:

· Due to the shape of its leaves, (heart), it was considered a symbol of love, in Italy, and of mourning, in Greece. (Portal São Francisco, 2016)

· 4,000 years ago, the Hindus, who were percussionists in the culture of basil, exported to Egypt. (Portal São Francisco, 2016)

· In the last century, basil was used by shoemakers to attenuate the smell of leather. (Portal São Francisco, 2016)

· The name “basilicum” has its origin in the Greek “basilikós”, which means “of the kings, or royal”, to indicate its nobility. The Greek botanist of Theofrasto, in the 3rd century BC, defined basil as an herb of kings. (History of Ingredients, 2016).

Description: ·

Plant characteristics: Herbaceous plant grown in gardens and widely known throughout Brazil. It is characterized by the pleasant smell that is released from its leaves. It has a quadrangular stem and the leaves are opposite, sharp and in large numbers. White, small flowers, arranged on an elongated axis, always branching into 3 parts. Secondary inflorescences are formed on each axis, which are congested at the top of triflor. Bilabiated corolla with 4 pieces having 4 didamous stamens. Nucular fruit with 4 dark nuclei. It is a meliferous plant. It is multiplied by seeds or tips detached from the branches of branches in fertile soils rich in organic matter, permeable and with high temperatures. (Treatise on Medicinal Plants, 2014) ·

Propagation: it is made by seeds or cuttings of branches. Basil seeds are sown in 200-cell expanded polystyrene trays containing commercial substrate, kept in protected cultivation. At 30 days after sowing, the seedlings have four definitive leaves and are suitable for transplanting (PEREIRA; MOREIRA, 2011).

Cultivation: Seedlings can be planted in pots or in nurseries throughout the year. For this, the beds must be well prepared, raising them 15 cm high. Use 150 g of well-tanned bovine manure for each square meter of bed and mix well. Sow and cover with 0.5 cm of light soil or fine sawdust. The recommended spacing is 30 cm between lines and 30 cm between plants. Irrigate at least once a day, preferably in the early morning or late afternoon. After 60 days of planting in the beds, the first harvest can be made, with the plant being cut at 20 cm from the soil (PEREIRA; MOREIRA, 2011).

How to choose and where to find:

· Fresh: Fresh bunches and pots of basil are found in fairs, markets and supermarkets. Choose the branches with the most lush leaves and that are not stained or wilted.

· Dry: Found in supermarkets and emporiums. Prefer what is in dark packaging, protected from light. This prevents loss of aroma. Check the expiration date.

How to Store

· Fresh

1- the basil spoils quickly, but it can be packed in plastic packaging and dried, for up to three days at the most.

2- chop the leaves and place them in a closed glass, with oil.

· Dry: In a closed pool of light and humidity.

How to dry: ·

Buy two large bundles of basil, wash them well and spread them on a clean cloth until dry. Then, highlight the leaves and, in a glass bowl, make layers of leaves, alternating with thin layers of coarse salt. Cover the glass bowl with glass film and leave at room temperature. Stir once a day for the first three days. It can be used for two months. The leaves become dry and the salt acquires the aroma of basil. You can use only the leaves or also the coarse salt.

Chemical Constitution:

· Tannins: Tannins are astringent and hemostatic and, therefore, their therapeutic applications are related to these properties. They are mainly used in the tanning industry and are also used in the paint industry. They are used in laboratories to detect proteins and alkaloids and used as antidotes in cases of poisoning by alkaloid plants.

· Flavonoids: Therapeutically its function is not yet clearly clarified. The group is known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and vasoprotective effects (treatment of thrombosis). Rutin and hesperidin are important flavonoids used in capillary fragility treatments.

· Saponins: Saponoside glycosides have this name due to the fact that they form abundant foam when agitated with water (from Latin frog = soap). They taste bitter and acrid and the drugs that contain them are usually sternutatory (cause sneezing) and irritating to the mucous membranes. They are non-nitrogen compounds that dissolve in water giving afrogen solutions (foaming), by decreasing the surface tension of the liquid. They also have the properties of emulsifying oils and producing hemolysis. The latter is due to the ability of the glycoside to combine with the cholesterol molecules present in the erythrocyte membrane, disturbing the internal-external balance and promoting the rupture of the cell with the consequent release of hemoglobin.

· Essential oil:

o Thymol - has carminative, anti-spasmodic, expectorant and anti-inflammatory properties. Significant antiseptic potential.

o Methyl-chavicol - antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, local anesthetic and insecticide activities

o Linalool - used for its woody, floral and refreshing aroma. o Eugenol - anesthetic, bactericidal and antifungal and flavoring properties (hot and spicy note)

o Cineol - decongestant and anti-inflammatory property, eucalyptus aroma the

o Pyrene

Herbal Actions:

Digestant: An herb that promotes good digestion.

Carminative: Herbs or essential oils that help the intestines release gas. They work by relaxing the gut spasms and increasing the peristalsis so that it pushes the gas out.

Sweetener: It has the ability to sweeten.

Aperientes: Aperientes herbs are mild laxatives.

Indications:

Basil favors those who have difficult digestion, gas, heartburn, headaches as a result of heavy or inadequate food. It facilitates the functioning of the intestines, it is a diuretic. It is good for coughs, vomiting, bad breath. It helps, along with Malva and sage in mouth infections.

Magical uses (under observation of effectiveness):

Basil's scalding is great for those who are aggressive, angry and ready to explode. Take the rage away. Basil tea helps very restrained people to release love. It can also be placed in pots to prevent the entry of negative energies. Basil compresses (a paste piled with leaves) helps mothers who have painful or cracked breasts after breastfeeding. Gargling with is great for sore throat, thrush or bad breath. It transmutes our aggressive energy, transforming it into will and strength to fight for more important things like goals and ideals. It helps to fight for life and for the things we want. It is great for the disorganized and undisciplined. Help us to see the brightness and the scent of life.

Dosage: There is little information on the safe or effective dosage of basil. Usually 10 to 20 ml of fresh basil leaf juice is used once a day or teas with an infusion of 2 grams of fresh basil or dried herb in boiling water twice a day.

Sources:

Basil relieves intestinal problems and has anti-inflammatory action (HERE)

Brazilian Society of Pharmacognosy (HERE)

Portal São Francisco (HERE)

History of Ingredients (HERE)

Treatise on Medicinal Plants (Download the book: HERE)

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