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Why is the future not where we think?

When talking about the future, we most likely see it in front of us; But do all the people of the world think like this?

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Imagine the future. Where is the image for you? Do you see yourself stepping into the future? Maybe the future is behind you. Maybe even above your head. What do you think about the past?

How to answer the above questions depends on your identity and geographical location . How we imagine the future is influenced by the culture we grow up in and the language we speak.

For many people in Britain, the United States and much of Europe, the future is in front of them and the past is behind them. People in these cultures usually think of time as linear. They continuously move towards the future; Because they cannot go back to the past.

The indigenous Aymara imagine the future behind them

However, in some cultures, the past and future positions are reversed. The Aymara, a South American indigenous group living in the Andes, see the future behind them and the past ahead of them. By studying Aymara people's body gestures while discussing topics such as ancestors and traditions, scientists discovered this attitude. They noticed that when Aymara people talk about their ancestors, they use gestures and body language in front of them, as if the past is right in front of them. However, when talking about a future event, they point behind themselves.

Looking ahead

Analyzing how people write, speak, and body postures about time shows that the Aymara people are not alone. Speakers of Darij, a dialect of Moroccan Arabic, imagine the past in front of them and the future in front of them. This attitude is also true for Vietnamese speakers.

In the United Kingdom and the United States, people usually see themselves as stepping forward and into the future. When moving forward, the Maori people of New Zealand do not look to the future, but to the past. The Māori proverb Kia tsaktomuri te haere te haere is translated as: "I move backwards into the future by looking at the past."

For Maori people, what lies ahead is determined by what can be seen or seen. Maori people consider the past and the present as known and seen concepts; Because they have already happened. That is why the past is imagined in front of them or where they can see.

However, the future is unknown because it hasn't happened yet; So it's behind you because you can't see it. Māori find themselves stepping backwards into the future because their actions in the future are influenced by the lessons they learn from the past. By facing the past, they can apply those lessons in the future.

Different approaches

Scientists still do not know why people in different parts of the world interpret the past, present and future in different ways. According to one hypothesis, our perspective is influenced by the way we read and write. For example, people who write from left to right consider the direction of time from past to future from left to right, which is a reflection of their reading and writing patterns.

However, some people such as Arabic speakers and Persian speakers who write from right to left often interpret the time course of events from the past on the right and the future on the left. On the other hand, based on the reading direction, it is not possible to understand why some people who read from left to right imagine the future behind them.

According to another theory, cultural values ​​can also influence our orientation towards the future. Cultures differ in terms of traditions. According to researchers, your spatial perception of the future may be determined by your culture's emphasis on past traditions or focus on the future.

In cultures such as the United Kingdom and the United States, which emphasize the importance of progress, change, and modernization, the future usually lies ahead. However, in cultures such as Moroccan culture or indigenous Maori groups that place great value on traditions and ancestral history, the past is the focus and therefore the future.

Cultural differences can provide a basis for overcoming global challenges. If the future is not always ahead, then Western hymns about moving forward or moving on and letting go of the past can be meaningless to many people. Perhaps if we can learn from the representation of time in different cultures, then we can rethink the understanding of many global problems.

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Future processors from Intel, AMD and ARM are manufactured with a dangerous vulnerability

Research has shown that Intel, ARM, and AMD chips may be vulnerable to SLAM hacker attacks.

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Researchers have discovered that a side-channel attack based on leaked addresses (SLAM) may exploit vulnerabilities in developing chips from Intel, ARM and AMD.

Chipmakers say their products have adequate protection against SLAM, but this is the first test attack targeting future processors, and it's unclear how resistant they will be.

Researchers at the University of Amsterdam have found that SLAM allows hackers to extract kernel memory information, including passwords. So the possibility of the Specter security bug, which allows hackers to access sensitive data, exists not only for some current processors, but also for chips being developed by Intel, ARM, and AMD.

Researchers have said that SLAM is more capable of bypassing security features implemented in the latest Intel and AMD processor series.

SLAM relies on a memory feature in processors that allows software to store unencoded data in 64-bit linear addresses in kernel metadata. It then uses a new temporary execution process by looking for a number of unprotected commands.

The attacker needs to use code on the target system that interacts with these commands, and then uses algorithms to extract sensitive information such as passwords and other cryptographic keys from kernel memory.

This was tested on a Core i9-13900K processor-based system running Linux 6.3.0. The research paper shows that systems with the Ryzen 7 2700X processor were also included in this test.

Arm has issued a warning about SLAM: “Arm processors are already resistant to Specter v2 and Spectre-BHB; Therefore, no action is required to respond to the attack described."

AMD also pointed out the existing resistances against Specter v2 and uses this SLAM method to deal with it. Intel also plans to provide software guidance before releasing processors that support LAM.

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New York Times: OpenAI employee union secures Sam Altman's return

After Altman's return to OpenAI, some interesting details about the recent events of the company become clear.

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With the end of the controversy surrounding the artificial intelligence company OpenAI, more details about the behind-the-scenes facts of the recent events related to it are becoming clear. In November, the maker of the popular chatbot ChatGPT announced in a blog post the unexpected dismissal of the company's CEO, Sam Altman . This short news was enough to start the following reports and rumors. Altman initially agreed to step down and a few days later, with the broad support of OpenAI employees, he was reinstated as the company's CEO.

The New York Times reports that Altman's return to OpenAI came after many of his company's employees supported him. As the company's troubles came to a head in November, conflicts began between Altman and OpenAI's former board over filling management seats.

Altman's decision to promote one of the company's researchers, Ilya Sotskur, as a senior scientist was one of the factors that helped create distrust among shareholders within the company. While OpenAI started its activity in 2015 to seriously compete with Google's DeepMind, Altman was chosen as its CEO four years later, in 2019.

Four years after appointing Sam Altman as CEO, OpenAI's board removed him without notice. Altman's initial reaction was to accept the board's vote, but with the encouragement of others, he made efforts to return.

New details about Altman's firing and return have surfaced, suggesting the FTC is interested in the nature of Microsoft's investment in OpenAI. The Redmond-based tech giant has no voting rights in the AI ​​company, and OpenAI's non-profit nature precludes acquisition discussions or investment reports.

Many believe that artificial intelligence software based on OpenAI's large model language is the world's leading. Models like GPT are known as transformer models; Because they convert a set of specified or unspecified parameters to the output, and the computing power of artificial intelligence depends on the number of parameters based on which it is trained.

For example, Tesla uses machine learning for its AutoPilot semi-autonomous driving software system. This company announced last year that the software of its cars is trained by neural networks with one billion parameters.

OpenAI has not publicly shared details about the number of parameters for its latest large language model, GPT-4, but media outlets claim the model is trained on 1.8 trillion parameters across 120 layers. If these reports are true, GPT-4 would rank among the top AI models in the world in terms of the number of input parameters. It is said that Google's general language model known as GLaM uses 1.2 trillion parameters in 32 layers.

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The next Xiaomi phone to receive HyperOS has been revealed

The HyperOS user interface, which is considered a big update for Xiaomi phones and tablets, will soon be released for another phone of this Chinese brand.

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Xiaomi will soon provide the new update of the HyperOS user interface, which system programs and animations have undergone significant changes, for the Redmi Note 11 Pro 4G phone .

The HyperOS update for Redmi Note 11 Pro 4G will be based on Android 13, which can be downloaded from [codebase] => 13.0. Xiaomi usually provides up to two years of major platform updates for the budget Redmi Note series.

The Redmi Note 11 Pro 4G launched with Android 11 and has received two major updates to Android 13 so far.

The HyperOS update is expected to be released in the second quarter of 2024 (April 1403) and will definitely be sent as a test at first.

Redmi Note 11 Pro comes with a 6.67-inch OLED FHD+ screen with a refresh rate of 120 Hz and a brightness of 1,200 nits. On the back of the device, there are four cameras, including the main 108-megapixel sensor.

The Xiaomi Redmi Note 11 Pro uses a MediaTek Helio G96 processor and uses a maximum of 8 GB of RAM and 128 GB of storage space, which can be expanded via a microSD memory card. This phone also has a 5,000 mAh battery with 67W fast charging.

Other specifications of Redmi Note 11 Pro include a fingerprint scanner installed on the side of the phone, two speakers, a headphone jack, and support for an infrared transmitter (IR blaster).

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This small computer has an 8 million Intel processor and an LCD display

Acemagic S1 mini computer with Intel N100 processor and price of 154 dollars was introduced.

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Acemagic unveiled its newest mini computer called S1 Mini PC. The price of the new small computer of this company is 154 dollars and we will have a look at its specifications.

The S1 Mini PC uses the Intel N100 processor, which is made with a 10nm process and uses 4 small cores with a turbo frequency of 3.4 GHz. This mini computer also has 16 GB DDR4 RAM and 512 GB (up to two TB) SSD.

According to Acemagic's official website , the new S1 mini computer uses Intel UHD graphics card and supports a wide range of applications. The device is also equipped with an efficient temperature reduction system that helps cool down the internal components.

ACEMAGIC S1 uses a dual Ethernet port and, in addition, an HDMI port and four USB-A interfaces are available to the user. This device has the ability to output images to two 4K monitors, which seems very suitable for multimedia uses.