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Bouleuterion  / Odeon of Ephesus

Ephesus, Turkey

150 CE

The Bouleuterion – Odeum of Ephesus is situated in the northeastern part of the Public Agora, next to the city’s Prytaneum. It’s a semicircular theatrical building with a dual functional role, which underwent several construction phases. The restoration program that took place in the area turned the monument into one of the best-preserved buildings in Ephesus and contributed to its tourist development.

Ephesus was governed by a two assembly system of administration. These were the advisory council and the assembly of citizens. The advisory council (Boule) held its meetings in the Odeum. Therefore the building is also called the Bouleuterion.

The assembly of citizens was made up of all the Ephesians. On certain days of the year the assembly of citizens held its meetings in the Ephesus Theater. The Odeum had the aspect of a small theatre.

Its difference from a theatre was that it was once covered. The seating section of the building of which restoration is at present going on, was reached by stepped side streets covered by vaults on two sides. The holding capacity was about 500. The benches were of marble, and their legs were in the shape of lions’ paws. The stage building was two storeyed. It opened to the inner part by five doors with the centre one built higher than the others.

The ground plan shows a semi-circular building of 46 m. in diameter and oriented towards the south. The Bouleuterion – Odeum of Ephesus is built on a natural slope, so it takes advantage of the soil formation, but it is also possible that it was also supported by radial vault constructions under the cavea. It is defined by a strong curved retaining wall, which was reinforced by buttresses and portals/pilasters, while in the south of the architectural formation one can find the skene.

The cavea of the theatre-like edifice was semi-circular, constructed with well-made marble bricks and divided by a diazoma (praesinctio) into two vertical parts (maeniana). The bottom part of the cavea (ima cavea, theatron) is divided by 6 staircases (scalaria) into 5 tiers (cunei) of 14 rows of seats, while the upper part of the cavea (summa cavea, epitheatron) was divided by 11 staircases into 10 tiers of 10 rows of seats.5 The last seats in every tier end in lion paws. The total capacity of the building is approximately 1,500 spectators. On the upper ending of the cavea, red granite columns that supported an entablature decorated with ornaments of the Ionic and Doric order, constituted a portico (porticus in summa cavea, 1.5 m. wide).

#Ephesus #Turkey #Odeon

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The Atchison Weekly Globe, Kansas, August 18, 1910

#parole

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Master of Fossa - Presentation at the Temple. Detail. 1300 - 1350

#arte #medioevo

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Oldest olive oil - The nearly 2,000 year old bottle filled with solidified olive oil from Pompeii (and carbonized bread on the left). Roman, 79 AD

#gnam #romano

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Roman gladiator’s helmet, 1st century AD

from The Worcester Art Museum : Higgins Armory Collection

#cose #romano

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HENRY CAVILL photographed by Jumbo Tsui for Elle Men China (2020)

#persone #ma ciaooo

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#posti

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cercando dei motivi per ricominciare ad usare tumblr senza essere invasa da americanate

#missione *come evitare politica americana su tumblr*

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St. Nicholas Church in Amrakits, Armenia

#architettura

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#big gatto

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Inferno (1980) dir. by Dario Argento

#cinema

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You may have heard about "dos-à-dos" (back to back) book bindings that make one book turn into two, but this is mind blowing!

A 16th-century book that contains no fewer than six different books in a single binding. They are all devotional texts printed in Germany during the 1550s and 1570s (including Martin Luther, Der kleine Catechismus) and each one is closed with its own tiny clasp.

Read more

This is such exquisite craftsmanship. Even not considering the clasps and folds, it’s just so breathtaking. You can view it in more detail on the National Library of Sweden’s Flicker stream.

#cose interessanti

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ma perchè i tumblr italiani sono sempre e solo o cringe deprimente più un gusto estetico del 2014 oppure blog porno

#mi lamento #tumblr italia

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French or Spanish Masonic dagger, 19th century

from Sofe Design Auctions

#cose

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Urls up for trade - please no lowballs, not ufs

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mothership

sails

ladz

blochs

deiphobus

kastlevania

astronave

picarrd

spockanalia

robotism

I need to find *that* url - preferably short, one word, priority will be given to classics, literature, italian urls etc

not interested in marvel, dc, star wars, kpop, celebrities etc

#one word uft #uft #up for trade #url #urls #url trade #url uft #short url #plural uft

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Films watched in 2020.

#18: Accattone (Pier Paolo Pasolini, 1961)

★★★★★★★☆☆☆

“It’s useless to run. We know who you are.”

#lo finirò un giorno #cinema #pasolini

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-Viridiana (Luis Buñuel, 1961) 

-Mamma Roma (Pier Paolo Pasolini, 1962)

- Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma (Pier Paolo Pasolini, 1975)

#cinema