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pranalipawarshinde · 2 months

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Power Discrete and Modules - Competitive Landscape Analysis And Forecast 2024-2033

Modules are self-contained, interchangeable units that can be used to build larger systems. Power modules are modules that convert and distribute electric power. They are used in a variety of applications, including power supplies, UPS systems, and electrical vehicles. Power modules can be either discrete or integrated. Discrete power modules are made up of individual components that are connected together to form a complete module. Integrated power modules are modules that are manufactured as a single unit.

Key Trends

The key trends in power discrete and modules technology are miniaturization, higher efficiency, and higher power density.

Miniaturization:

The trend toward miniaturization is driven by the need for smaller and more compact devices. This trend is enabled by advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology, which allow for smaller and more densely packed devices.

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Higher Efficiency:

The trend towards higher efficiency is driven by the need for more efficient devices. This trend is enabled by advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology, which allow for devices with lower power consumption.

Higher Power Density:

The trend toward higher power density is driven by the need for more powerful devices. This trend is enabled by advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology, which allow for devices with higher power output.

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Market Segments

The Power Discrete and Modules Market is segmented on the basis of type, component, material, and region. Based on type, it is classified into power discrete and power module. By component, the market is categorized into thyristor, diode, rectifier, MOSFET, IGBT, and other. By material, it is classified into SiC, GaN, and others. Region-wise, the market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Rest of the World.

Key Players

The Power Discrete and Modules Market report includes players such as Infineon Technologies AG, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, NXP Semiconductor, ON Semiconductor, ROHM Semiconductors, Renesas Electronics, STMicroelectronics, Semtech Corporation, Texas Instruments, and Toshiba Corporation.

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subodhan-capacitors · 5 months

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Components in Medium Voltage (MV) Capacitors

Medium Voltage (MV) capacitors stand as critical components in electrical systems, facilitating power factor correction and enhancing the efficiency of electrical networks. Within these capacitors lie essential components that contribute to their functionality and effectiveness. Let's delve into the crucial components that constitute MV capacitors and their significance in electrical applications.

Understanding MV Capacitors

MV capacitors are integral in electrical systems, primarily used for power factor correction. They assist in improving the power factor, enhancing the efficiency of electrical networks, and reducing losses. These capacitors are commonly found in Automatic Power Factor Correction (APFC) panels and Reactive Power Compensation (RPC) systems, optimizing power distribution.

Important Components in MV Capacitors

Capacitor Elements

The core of an MV capacitor comprises one or multiple capacitor elements. These elements consist of metallized polypropylene film wound with impregnated dielectric fluid. The capacitor elements are designed to handle high voltage and current levels while maintaining stability and reliability in the electrical system.

Resistors

MV capacitors often include resistors for discharge purposes. Discharge resistors are crucial components that ensure the safe discharge of stored electrical energy in capacitors when the power supply is disconnected. They prevent electrical shocks and ensure the safety of maintenance personnel working on the system.

Surge Arresters

Surge arresters or protection devices are incorporated into MV capacitors to safeguard against transient overvoltages caused by lightning strikes or switching operations. These components redirect high-voltage surges to ground, preventing damage to the capacitors and the electrical system as a whole.

Temperature and Voltage Sensors

Some MV capacitors are equipped with temperature and voltage sensors. These sensors monitor the internal temperature and voltage levels of the capacitors, providing valuable data for optimal performance and preventive maintenance. They aid in preventing overheating and overvoltage conditions that can compromise the capacitor's functionality.

Significance of MV Capacitors and Associated Components

MV Capacitors Manufacturers

MV Capacitors Manufacturers plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality and reliability of these components. They adhere to stringent standards and employ advanced manufacturing techniques to produce capacitors that meet the diverse needs of electrical systems across industries.

APFC Panel Manufacturers & RTPFC Panel Manufacturers

Automatic Power Factor Correction (APFC) panels and Real-Time Power Factor Correction (RTPFC) panels incorporate MV capacitors. Manufacturers of these panels design and integrate capacitors along with other necessary components to optimize power factor, ensuring efficient power utilization and reducing energy losses.

TSM (Thyristor Switched Modules) & Reactor Manufacturers

Thyristor Switched Modules (TSM) and reactors are components often utilized in conjunction with MV capacitors for reactive power compensation. Manufacturers specializing in TSM and reactors provide essential equipment that complements the functionality of MV capacitors, contributing to improved power quality and stability.

MV capacitors, equipped with essential components such as capacitor elements, resistors, surge arresters, and sensors, play a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency and reliability of electrical systems. Manufacturers focusing on MV capacitors, APFC panels, RTPFC panels, TSM, and reactors ensure the availability of high-quality components essential for power factor correction and reactive power compensation. Their expertise and innovation drive the continuous improvement and optimization of electrical networks, contributing to energy efficiency and reliability across diverse industrial sectors.

#MV capacitors #mv capacitor manufacturers #rtpfc panel manufacturers #apfc panel manufacturers #Subodhan Capacitors

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febonas858 · 8 months

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Power mosfet, audio mosfet, Mosfet switch, mosfet gate, mosfet vs transistor

Dual N / P-Channel 20 V 0.058/0.195 Ω 4.8 nC Surface Mount Power Mosfet - TSOP, Mosfet transistor, mosfet module, linear mosfet, High voltage mosfet, Power mosfet, audio mosfet, Mosfet switch, mosfet gate, mosfet vs transistor

Crimp Terminal, cable crimp, Crimp Socket Connector

3-1447221-4 20 AWG Gold Crimp Socket Connector, Wire crimp, crimp connectors, Terminals, crimp pin, Contact Type, Crimp Terminal, cable crimp, Crimp Socket Connector

IGBT inverter transistors, transistor circuits, IGBT circuit

MMBT Series 40 V 200 mA SMT NPN Silicon General Purpose Transistor - SOT-23, NPN bipolar transistor, Voltage regulators, Bipolar transistor manufacturer, IGBT inverter transistors, transistor circuits, IGBT circuit

Receiver module, Bluetooth GPS modules, chip module, UHF Module

Laird Module Sterling LWB5+ Chip Antenna Tape/Reel, Wireless rf transmitter, GPS Module, Proprietary RF Module, Receiver module, Bluetooth GPS modules, chip module, UHF Module

High-power thyristors, Discrete Thyristors, Silicon controlled rectifier

Snubberless Series TO-220-3 1200 V 25 A Through Hole Triac, Triac thyristor circuits, what is a power thyristor, Solid-state device, High-power thyristors, Discrete Thyristors, Silicon controlled rectifier

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gevamax897 · 9 months

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Mosfet switch, audio mosfet, low voltage mosfet, power mosfet

Dual N / P-Channel 20 V 0.058/0.195 Ω 4.8 nC Surface Mount Power Mosfet - TSOP, High voltage mosfet, Mosfet power supply, mosfet power transistor, mosfet gate, Mosfet switch, audio mosfet, low voltage mosfet, power mosfet

What is a Crimp Terminal, crimping terminals, terminal, electrical connection

3-1447221-4 20 AWG Gold Crimp Socket Connector, Types of crimping terminals, 3 pin connector, Wire connectors, What is a Crimp Terminal, crimping terminals, terminal, electrical connection

Bipolar transistor manufacturer, Voltage regulators, NPN bipolar transistor

MMBT Series 40 V 200 mA SMT NPN Silicon General Purpose Transistor - SOT-23, What is an IGBT circuit, IGBT circuit, transistor circuits, IGBT inverter transistors, Bipolar transistor manufacturer, Voltage regulators, NPN bipolar transistor

Bluetooth gps modules, Proprietary radio frequency, Proprietary gps modules

Laird Module Sterling LWB5+ Chip Antenna Tape/Reel, UHF Module, Proprietary RF Module, GPS Module, Uhf serial devices solutions, Bluetooth gps modules, Proprietary radio frequency, Proprietary gps modules

What is a power thyristor, triac thyristor circuit, Through Hole Triac

Snubberless Series TO-220-3 1200 V 25 A Through Hole Triac, Types of Power Thyristors, Alternating current, High power thyristors, What is a power thyristor, triac thyristor circuit, Through Hole Triac

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hugoxreyes69 · 1 year

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Bridge Power Module

Next year, I will concentrate on learning about Bridge Power Module and USB flash memory storage. I will also focus on STMicroelectronics, T410-600B-TR, Thyristor Surge Protection Devices (TSPD).

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finetar164 · 1 year

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Audio capacitor, electrolytic capacitors, Aluminum oxide, Axial electrolytic capacitor

EEE-FK Series 35 V 330 uF Ø 10 x 10.2 mm 105 °C Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor, Reforming electrolytic capacitor, what is an Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor, Multi section capacitor, data systems, Panasonic aluminum electrolytic capacitor

Bridge rectifier ic, full wave bridge rectifier, Bridge rectifier diode

GBPC Series 600V 400A Glass Passivated Single Phase Bridge Power Module - GBPC-W, Bridge rectifier output voltage, Bridge rectifier circuit, bridge configuration, What is Bridge Rectifier, full wave rectifier, Single Phase Bridge Power Module

Half wave rectifier, rectifier circuit, full wave rectifier, rectifier diode

GBPC Series 600V 400A Glass Passivated Single Phase Bridge Power Module - GBPC-W, Single phase uncontrolled rectifier, diode rectifier, controlled rectifier, Type of rectifier, Bridge rectifier output voltage, Bridge Power Module

USB flash memory storage, storage memory card, compact flash memory for computer

32GB micro SDHC/SDXC Canvas Select Plus 100R/85R CL10 UHS-I, Card data recovery, Data Recovery, ram memory card, SD card recovery software, USB flash memory storage, storage memory card, compact flash memory for computer

Surge protector circuit, bourns surge protector, thyristor surge suppressor

T410 Series 600 Vdrm 4 A Surface Mount Logic Level Triac AC Switch - TO-252, Types of surge protection devices, usb-c power adapter, circuit breaker, Surge protector circuit, bourns surge protector, thyristor surge suppressor

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hasepaw375 · 1 year

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LED Emitters, Lighting Controls, led light power supply, Optics, remote light control

100 - 277Vac, 29.4W, 700mA, 24-42V, [0-10V, TRI...], IP64 LED Driver, Lighting Solutions, LED Assemblies, LED Light Modules, outdoor lighting controls LED Emitters, Lighting Controls, led light power supply, Optics, remote light control

Mosfet circuits, types of mosfet, Mosfet vs transistor, mosfet, mosfet module

RE1C002UN Series 20 V 1.2 Ohm 200 mA Surface Mount Small Signal Mosfet - EMT-3F, Surface Mount Small Signal Mosfet, Mosfet switch circuit, mosfet gate, mosfets, Mosfet circuits, types of mosfet, Mosfet vs transistor, mosfet, mosfet module

Cable crimper, what is a cable assembly, USB connectors, Ethernet crimping tool

DT Series Contact Size 16 12 Way Gray Plug, Terminal block, electrical connector, Barrier strip, d-sub, RF connector adapter, Cable crimper, what is a cable assembly, USB connectors, Ethernet crimping tool Thyristor surge protection, Thyristor protection circuit, triac thyristor

T435 Series 600 Vdrm 4 A Snubberless Triac AC Switch Surface Mount - TO-252, Thermistor resistance, solid-state component, thyristor application, Thyristor surge protection, Thyristor protection circuit, triac thyristor

Thyristor surge protection, Thyristor protection circuit, triac thyristor

Triac thyristor, thyristor triac, triac circuits, Thyristor circuit, Surge protection

T435 Series 600 Vdrm 4 A Snubberless Triac AC Switch Surface Mount - TO-252, Thyristor protection circuit, solid-state component, Thermistors, triac thyristor, Triac thyristor, thyristor triac, triac circuits, Thyristor circuit, Surge protection

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kenresearch111 · 1 year

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Global Discrete Semiconductor Market Size, Segments, Outlook, and Revenue Forecast 2022-2028 : Ken Research

What is the Size of Global Discrete Semiconductor Industry?

Global Discrete Semiconductor market is growing at a CAGR of ~% in 2017-2022 and is expected to reach ~USD Bn by 2028F.

The Discrete Semiconductor Market is largely driven by rise in demand in the automotive market, especially in the Electric Vehicles segment and increasing use of efficient electronic devices.

Such high levels of growth in EVs and electrification have led to a spike in the sales of discrete semiconductors that aid in developing autonomous vehicle technology, regenerative braking systems, sensors & cameras, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), etc. Discrete semiconductors have also proven effective for components that are conducive to extreme voltages and environmental conditions.

Such growth in energy consumption calls for efficient power management systems at the level of individual/household consumption. Examples of such smart devices include speakers with voice control, sensor-based, wearable activity trackers, smart camera-equipped doorbells, or self-driving cars.

Furthermore, Despite consistent growth in total market size, discrete semiconductors still constitute less than one-fifth of the global semiconductors market. As per the numbers published by industry publication IC insights in February 2022, the combined sales of Optoelectronics, Sensors/Actuators, and Discrete (O-S-D) accounted for only 17% of the world’s total semiconductor market in 2021.

To Know More about this report, download a Free Sample Report

Global Discrete Semiconductor Market by type

The Global Discrete Semiconductor market is segmented by Type into Diodes, Transistors, Thyristor, Modules and Others.

Transistors segment held the largest share of the Global Discrete Semiconductors Market in 2022. Transistors can be of many types, including MOSFET, IGBT, and Bipolar transistors. MOSFET or Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors are the leading sub-segment within the transistor segment. IGBT stands for Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors.

According to an industry report published in 2021 by the Semiconductor Industry Association, semiconductors can be packed with up to tens of billions of transistors on a piece of silicon that is not more than the size of a quarter. Microprocessors, forming the core of a digital computer’s Central Processing Unit or CPU, may contain up to 40 billion transistors.

Global Discrete Semiconductor Market by component

The Global Discrete Semiconductor Market is segmented by Component into Memory Devices, Logic Devices, Discrete Power Devices and Others.

The Memory Devices segment held the largest share of the discrete semiconductor market, component-wise.

Discrete semiconductor memory devices are deployed in many consumers electronic devices that have a consistently growing demand, including desktop computers, laptops, tablets, and smartphones.

Discrete semiconductor memory devices can either be volatile or non-volatile. Examples of volatile memory storage include RAM or Random Access Memory, which lose stored information as and when power is removed.

Global Discrete Semiconductor Market by application

The Global Discrete Semiconductor market is segmented by Application into Networking and Communication, Automotive, Consumer Electronics, Industrial and Others.

The Consumer Electronics segment is estimated to occupy the largest chunk of the discrete semiconductor market, followed closely by Automotive.

High demand from the consumer electronics segment is driven by the need for discrete semiconductors in portable electronics products, wearable and gaming devices, products for smart homes, etc.

Global Discrete Semiconductor Market by geography

The Global Discrete Semiconductor market is segmented by geography into North America, Europe, Asia- pacific and LAMEA.

The Asia Pacific is estimated to be the largest geographic region in the discrete semiconductor market. Moreover, it is also expected to be the fastest-growing market in the forecasted period of 2022-2028.

The Asia Pacific region leads the market for a variety of reasons, including the presence of semiconductor manufacturing facilities in China, South Korea, Taiwan, and India, significant growth in the automotive industry in the region, positive flow of investments in developing advanced AI-based semiconductors, vast presence of portable and wireless manufacturing facilities, and low cost of labor.

Visit A link Request for Custom Report

Key Topics Covered in the Report

Snapshot of the Global Discrete Semiconductor Market

Industry Value Chain and Ecosystem Analysis

Market size and Segmentation of the Global Discrete Semiconductor Market

Historic Growth of the Overall Global Discrete Semiconductor Market and Segments

Competition Scenario of the Market and Key Developments of Competitors

Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis of the Global Discrete Semiconductor Industry

Overview, Product Offerings, and SWOT Analysis of Key Competitors

Covid-19 Impact on the Overall Global Discrete Semiconductor Market

Future Market Forecast and Growth Rates of the Total Global Discrete Semiconductor Market and by Segments

Market Size of Application / End User Segments with Historical CAGR and Future Forecasts

Analysis of the Global Discrete Semiconductor Market

Major Production / Consumption Hubs within Each Region

Major Production/Supply and Consumption/Demand Hubs within Each Region

Major Country-wise Historic and Future Market Growth Rates of the Total Market and Segments

Overview of Notable Emerging Competitor Companies within Each Region

Leading Companies Mentioned in the Report

ABB Limited

ON Semiconductor

Infineon Technologies

STMicroelectronics NV

Toshiba Corporation

NXP Semiconductors

Diodes Incorporated

Nexperia

D3 Semiconductor

Eaton Corporation

Hitachi Ltd

Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

Fuji Electric Corporation

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd.

Vishay Intertechnology Inc.

Notable Emerging Companies Mentioned in the Report

SemiBlocks

Weebit nano

Atmosic Technologies

Vayyar Imaging

SAS Power Semiconductor Devices

Key Target Audience – Organizations and Entities Who Can Benefit by Subscribing This Report

Semiconductor Manufacturing Companies

Semiconductor Materials Companies

Semiconductor Components Companies

Consumer Electronics Devices Manufacturers

Automotive Industry Players

Electric Vehicle Component Suppliers

Networking and Communication Solutions Providers

Smart Home Device Manufacturers

Healthcare and Medical Device Manufacturers

Government Ministries and Departments of Electronics

Potential Investors in Semiconductors

Time Period Captured in the Report

Historical Period: 2017-2021

Forecast Period: 2022E-2028F

For more insights on the market intelligence, refer to the link below:-

Global Discrete Semiconductor Market

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collinthenychudson · 1 year

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Day 21: EMD AEM-7

Info from Wikipedia:

The EMD AEM-7 is a twin-cab four-axle 7,000 hp (5.2 MW) B-B electric locomotive built by Electro-Motive Division (EMD) and ASEA between 1978 and 1988. The locomotive is a derivative of the Swedish SJ Rc4 designed for passenger service in the United States. The primary customer was Amtrak, which bought 54 for use on the Northeast Corridor and Keystone Corridor. Two commuter operators, MARC and SEPTA, also purchased locomotives, for a total of 65.

Amtrak ordered the AEM-7 after the failure of the GE E60 locomotive. The first locomotives entered service in 1980 and were an immediate success, ending a decade of uncertainty on the Northeast Corridor. In the late 1990s, Amtrak rebuilt 29 of its locomotives from DC to AC traction. The locomotives continued operating through the arrival of the final Siemens ACS-64 in June 2016. MARC retired its fleet in April 2017 in favor of Siemens Chargers, and SEPTA retired all seven of its AEM-7s in November 2018 in favor of ACS-64s. Amtrak assumed control of almost all private sector intercity passenger rail service in the United States on May 1, 1971, with a mandate to reverse decades of decline. Amtrak retained approximately 184 of the 440 trains which had run the day before. To operate these trains, Amtrak inherited a fleet of 300 locomotives (electric and diesel) and 1190 passenger cars, most of which dated from the 1940s–1950s.

Operation on the electrified portion of the Northeast Corridor was split between the Budd Metroliner electric multiple units and PRR GG1 locomotives. The latter were over 35 years old and restricted to 85 mph (137 km/h). Amtrak sought a replacement, but no US manufacturer offered an electric passenger locomotive. Importing and adapting a European locomotive would require a three-year lead time. With few other options, Amtrak turned to GE to adapt the E60C freight locomotive for passenger service. GE delivered two models, the E60CP and the E60CH. However, the locomotives proved unsuitable for speeds above 90 mph (145 km/h), leaving Amtrak once again in need of a permanent solution. Amtrak then examined existing European high-speed designs, and two were imported for trials in 1976–77: the Swedish SJ Rc4 (Amtrak No. X995, SJ No. 1166), and the French SNCF Class CC 21000 (Amtrak No. X996, SNCF No. 21003). Amtrak favored the Swedish design, which became the basis for the AEM-7.

The AEM-7 was far smaller than its predecessors, the PRR GG1 and the GE E60. It measured 51 ft 1+25⁄32 in (15.59 m) long by 10 ft 2 in (3.10 m) wide, and stood 14 ft 9.5 in (4.51 m) tall, a decrease in length of over 20 ft (6.1 m). The AEM-7's weight was half that of the E60CP or the GG1. On its introduction it was the "smallest and lightest high horsepower locomotive in North America." The Budd Company manufactured the carbodies for the initial Amtrak order, while the Austrian firm Simmering-Graz-Pauker built the carbodies for the MARC and SEPTA orders.

Reflecting the varied electrification schemes on the Northeast Corridor the locomotives could operate at three different voltages: 11 kV 25 Hz AC, 12.5 kV 60 Hz AC and 25 kV 60 Hz. A pair of Faiveley DS-11 two-stage pantographs, one at each end of the locomotive, collected power from the overhead catenary wire. Thyristor converters stepped down the high-voltage AC to provide DC power at a much lower voltage to four traction motors, one per axle. As built the AEM-7 was rated at 7,000 hp (5.2 MW), with a starting tractive effort of 51,710 lbf (230 kN) and a continuous tractive effort of 28,100 lbf (125 kN). Its maximum speed was 125 miles per hour (201.2 km/h). A separate static converter supplied 500 kW 480 V head-end power (HEP) for passenger comfort. This was sufficient to supply heating, lighting, and other electrical needs in 8-10 Amfleet cars. The rebuilt AEM-7ACs used AC traction instead of DC traction. The power modules used water-cooled insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) technology and provided about 5,000 kilowatts (6,700 horsepower) of traction power plus 1,000 kilowatts (1,300 horsepower) of HEP, twice the HEP capacity of the original DC units. The 6 FXA 5856 traction motors, from Alstom's ONIX family of propulsion components, had a maximum rating of 1,250–1,275 kilowatts (1,676–1,710 horsepower) each and a continuous rating of 1,080 kilowatts (1,450 horsepower). The remanufactured AEM-7ACs were the world's first passenger locomotives to incorporate IGBT technology.

Amtrak planned a fleet of 53 locomotives, with an estimated cost of $137.5 million. Limited funding hampered that plan, but in September 1977 Amtrak proceeded with a plan to buy 30 locomotives for $77.8 million. Five groups bid on the contract: General Motors' Electro-Motive Division (EMD)/ASEA, Morrison–Knudsen/Alstom, Brown Boveri, Siemens/KraussMaffei, and AEG/KraussMaffei. Amtrak awarded the contract to the EMD/ASEA partnership in January 1978. It ordered 17 more locomotives in February 1980, bringing the total to 47.

Revenue service began on May 9, 1980, when No. 901 departed Washington Union Station with a Metroliner service. The Swedish influence led to the nickname "Meatball", after Swedish meatballs. Railfans nicknamed the boxy locomotives "toasters". Between 1980 and 1982, 47 AEM-7s (Nos. 900–946) went into service. Amtrak retired the last of its PRR GG1s on May 1, 1981, while most of the GE E60s were sold to other operators. The new locomotives swiftly proved themselves; Car and Locomotive Cyclopedia stated that no new locomotive since the New York Central Hudson had "such an impact on speeds and schedule performance."

This strong performance led to further orders. Amtrak added seven more locomotives in 1987, delivered in 1988, for a total of 54. Two commuter operators in the Northeast ordered AEM-7s. MARC ordered four in 1986 for use on its Penn Line service on the Northeast Corridor between Washington, D.C. and Perryville, Maryland. The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) ordered seven in 1987. Amtrak also used the AEM-7s to handle the Keystone Service on the Keystone Corridor between Harrisburg and Philadelphia as the Budd Metroliners, displaced from the Northeast Corridor, reached the end of their service lives.

In 1999, Amtrak and Alstom began a remanufacturing program for Amtrak's AEM-7s. Alstom supplied AC propulsion equipment, electrical cabinets, transformers, HEP, and cab displays. The rebuild provided Amtrak with locomotives that had improved high end tractive effort and performance with longer trains. Amtrak workers performed the overhauls under Alstom supervision at Amtrak's shop in Wilmington, Delaware. These remanufactured AEM-7s were designated AEM-7AC. Between 1999 and 2002, Amtrak rebuilt 29 of its AEM-7s. As the locomotives passed 30 years of service their operators made plans for replacements. In 2010, Amtrak ordered 70 Siemens ACS-64 locomotives to replace both the AEM-7s and the newer but unreliable Bombardier/Alstom HHP-8s. The ACS-64s began entering revenue service in February 2014. The last two active AEM-7s, Amtrak Nos. 942 and 946, made their final run on June 18, 2016, on a special farewell excursion that ran between Washington, D.C. and Philadelphia.

While Amtrak was replacing its AEM-7s, MARC initially decided in 2013 to phase out its electric operations on the Penn Line altogether and retire both its AEM-7 and Bombardier–Alstom HHP-8 locomotives, but the railroad instead started a refurbishment program for its HHP-8s in 2017. As of September 2017, the first HHP-8 reconditioned under this program had been delivered and was undergoing successful testing. MARC selected the Siemens Charger diesel locomotive as the replacement for its AEM-7 fleet in 2015. The last of the MARC AEM-7s were retired by April 2017, with the Chargers expected to enter service by January 2018.

SEPTA will continue to use electric traction, replacing its seven AEM-7s and lone ABB ALP-44, an improved AEM-7, with fifteen ACS-64s. The first SEPTA ACS-64, #901, entered revenue service on July 11, 2018. On December 1, 2018, SEPTA held a farewell excursion for the AEM-7 and ALP-44 locomotives along the Paoli/Thorndale Line.

Two locomotives, ex-Amtrak Nos. 928 and 942, were moved to the Transportation Technology Center in July 2017.

Caltrain, which operates commuter trains in the San Francisco Bay Area, purchased two retired Amtrak AEM-7s to test their electrification system once completed. The units would also serve as backup power for EMU cars. On June 7, 2018, the board awarded two contracts totalling approximately $600,000: one to purchase two AEM-7ACs from Mitsui & Co, and the other to Amtrak for refurbishment, training, and transportation to the Caltrain maintenance facility in San Jose. Locomotive Nos. 929 and 938 were delivered to California by Amtrak in June 2019.

Seven of the remaining SEPTA AEM-7s were leased to NJ Transit beginning in late December 2018 for the purpose of allowing NJ Transit to roster additional locomotives equipped with positive train control (PTC) in order to meet a deadline for operating PTC-capable equipment. However, they were never used and subsequently returned. SEPTA then used them exclusively for overnight work service during autumn, cleaning tracks and applying traction gel. In 2022, SEPTA sold the AEM-7s and ALP-44 for scrap.

Two units have been preserved: ex-Amtrak Nos. 915 at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania, and 945 at the Illinois Railway Museum.

Models and Route by: Virtual Beech Grove, Auran, and Download Station

#EMD #AEM-7 #EMD AEM-7 #Amtrak #Amtrak AEM-7 #Electric Locomotive #Trains #Trainz Simulator #Advent Calendar #Christmas #Christmas 2022 🎄🎅🎁

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e-energyit · 2 years

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What are the classifications and advantages of intelligent capacitors? | E-energyIT

What are the classifications and advantages of intelligent capacitors?

Nowadays, in the power supply system, the extensive use of power electronic equipment and industrial motor equipment has brought serious reactive power and harmonic problems to the power grid. The intelligent capacitors, due to their advantages of intelligent networking, human-computer interaction, intelligent measurement and control, and complete protection functions, are gradually applied to the enterprise power supply system. The following is a brief analysis of intelligent capacitors for your reference.

This article is divided into Three parts

Working principle of intelligent capacitor

Classification of intelligent capacitors

Intelligent capacitors have several advantages over traditional capacitors as follows.

Working principle of intelligent capacitor

The intelligent capacitor is used to collect the current and voltage signals of three-phase low-voltage bus, calculate the corresponding power factor, capacitor switching capacity and switching combination rules, and realize the low-voltage compensation and harmonic filtering functions. The intelligent capacitor can connect multiple intelligent capacitors into an intelligent reactive power compensation system through RS485 communication interface, without external controller.

Classification of intelligent capacitors

Intelligent capacitors in the market are classified into different types because of the different throw switch modules they use. One type of intelligent capacitor uses a compound switch as the cut-off switch; the other type of intelligent capacitor uses a magnetic retention relay as the cut-off switch. Intelligent capacitors, for different occasions of low-voltage reactive power and harmonic loads, are connected in four types: three-phase reactive power common complement, three-phase reactive power split complement, three-phase harmonic common complement and three-phase harmonic split complement.

Intelligent capacitors have several advantages over traditional capacitors as follows.

Modular structure Intelligent capacitors are modular structure, small size, simple field wiring and easy maintenance. The expansion of reactive power compensation system can be realized by only increasing the number of modules.

High-quality capacitors adopt self-healing low-voltage compensation capacitors, which have built-in temperature sensors to reflect the internal heating of capacitors and realize over-temperature protection.

Embedded throw switch module Intelligent capacitors have built-in throw switch module. The switch module is composed of thyristor, magnetic holding relay, over-zero trigger conduction circuit and thyristor protection circuit to realize "zero cut" of the capacitor, ensuring no inrush shock and no operating overvoltage during the cut process. The switching module has fast action response and can be operated frequently.

Perfect protection design Intelligent capacitors have functions of power failure protection, short circuit protection, voltage shortage protection, capacitor over-temperature protection, etc., which effectively guarantee the safety of capacitors and prolong the life of equipment.

Advanced control technology controls the physical quantity of reactive power and adopts reactive power trend prediction and delayed multi-point sampling technology to ensure that there is no oscillation in throwing and cutting. During heavy load, reactive power is fully compensated.

Anti-throwing oscillation technology adopts a unique design principle to prevent the scene of non-compensation or over-compensation caused by the dead controller and prevent the capacitor from throwing oscillation.

Automatic compensation of reactive power Intelligent capacitors are automatically switched on and off according to the size of reactive power of the load to dynamically compensate reactive power and improve power quality. The intelligent capacitor can be used as a single unit or multiple units online.

Friendly human-machine interface displays current, voltage, reactive power and other equipment operating parameters. It also shows the throwing status, fault status of compound switch module and communication status. And it is convenient to realize the commissioning/working state switching and manual/automatic operation function.

Prepare your supply chain

Buyers of electronic components must now be prepared for future prices, extended delivery time, and continuous challenge of the supply chain. Looking forward to the future, if the price and delivery time continues to increase, the procurement of JIT may become increasingly inevitable. On the contrary, buyers may need to adopt the "just in case" business model, holding excess inventory and finished products to prevent the long -term preparation period and the supply chain interruption.

As the shortage and the interruption of the supply chain continue, communication with customers and suppliers will be essential. Regular communication with suppliers will help buyers prepare for extension of delivery time, and always understand the changing market conditions at any time. Regular communication with customers will help customers manage the expectations of potential delays, rising prices and increased delivery time. This is essential to ease the impact of this news or at least ensure that customers will not be taken attention to the sudden changes in this chaotic market.

Most importantly, buyers of electronic components must take measures to expand and improve their supplier network. In this era, managing your supply chain requires every link to work as a cohesive unit. The distributor of the agent rather than a partner cannot withstand the storm of this market. Communication and transparency are essential for management and planning. In E-energy Holding Limited, we use the following ways to hedge these market conditions for customers:

Our supplier network has been reviewed and improved for more than ten years.

Our strategic location around the world enables us to access and review the company's headquarters before making a purchase decision.

E-energy Holding Limited cooperates with a well -represented testing agency to conduct in -depth inspections and tests before delivering parts to our customers.

Our procurement is concentrated in franchise and manufacturer direct sales.

Our customer manager is committed to providing the highest level of services, communication and transparency. In addition to simply receiving orders, your customer manager will also help you develop solutions, planned inventory and delivery plans, maintain the inventory level of regular procurement, and ensure the authenticity of your parts.

Add E-energy Holding Limited to the list of suppliers approved by you, and let our team help you make strategic and wise procurement decisions.

#e-energy #intelligent capacitor

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snsinsider369852 · 2 years

Text

Insights Into The Power Electronics Market Size 2022-2028 Forecast Period

The analysis covers market drivers, constraints, challenges, strategic expansions, market size and share, development prospects, and threats. A complete definition of the industry and its important segments, as well as an analysis of the business vertical, are included in the most recent study on the Power Electronics Market. The industry is growing, according to the report, as a result of technical advancements.

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The report also includes segmentation data, such as type, industry, and channel sectors, as well as market size data in terms of both volume and value, for each segment. Manufacturers must grasp the lucrative segments of the Power Electronics market where these major firms are investing their efforts, therefore information on notable industry participants is also provided.

MARKET SEGMENTATION:

BY WAFER TYPE

Gallium Nitride

Silicon Carbide

Silicon

Others

BY COMPONENT

Thyristor

Gate Turn-Off Transistor (GTO)

Silicon Controlled rectifier (SCR)

Static Switches

MCT (MOS-Controlled Thyristor)

AC/DC Converter

MOSFET

Others

BY WAFER SIZE

450mm

200mm

300mm

150mm

BY APPLICATION

Defense and Aerospace

Utilities and Energy

Transportation

Consumer Electronics

Telecommunications and IT

Automotive

Industrial

Others

BY DEVICE

Discrete

Module

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

The report also considers market growth influences, such as the current COVID-19 outbreak. The COVID-19 pandemic, according to the study, had a significant impact on the Power Electronics industry's supply chain, demand, trends, and general dynamics. It also forecasts market expansion following COVID-19.

Key Influencers for Power Electronics Market

The study goes into great detail regarding the market's characteristics and factors that contribute to its success. The industry's growth is fueled by the ongoing efforts of significant corporations to produce new goods and technologies. In addition, the industry is seeing a flurry of strategic collaborations and efforts that are expanding the market's scope.

Regional Dynamics

To provide a thorough view of the market, the regional research sections also provide a country-by-country study. The regional split of the market is indicated by the Power Electronics market analysis in places where the market has already established itself as a leader. It also looks at import/export studies, supply and demand dynamics, regional trends and demands, and the presence of major actors in each region's production and consumption ratios.

Competitive Scenario

The research includes a complete evaluation to give the reader a better understanding of the market's competitive environment. The study also includes information on each player's revenue, gross profit margin, financial status, market position, product portfolio, and other pertinent parameters. The report also includes a complete SWOT analysis and a Porter's Five Forces analysis. This section focuses on the major market players' initiatives and advancements in order to establish a strong presence.

The Power Electronics market analysis also includes information on mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, collaborations, partnerships, and agreements to provide you a better picture of the industry. This section is ideal source of input for market players to revisit their strategic positions.

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Table Of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 Market Definition

1.2 Scope

1.3 Research Assumptions

2. Research Methodology

3. Market Dynamics

3.1 Drivers

3.2 Restraints

3.3 Opportunities

3.4 Challenges

4. Impact Analysis

4.1 COVID 19 Impact Analysis

4.2 Impact Of Ukraine-Russia War

5. Value Chain Analysis

6. Porter’s 5 Forces Model

7. PEST Analysis

8. Global Power Electronics Market Segmentation, By Wafer Type

8.1 Gallium Nitride

8.2 Silicon Carbide

8.3 Silicon

8.4 Others

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