#i am not a medical professional nor involved in the food industry

[hollowwhisperings]

The Kids Are Alright: What's In "Blood Stew"?

In preparation for my efforts on crafting some Meera Reed meta & in support of my "Jojen Is Fine, Actually" post, I will be Preemptively Addressing the subject of "Blood Stew" in the Bran POV chapters in ADWD.

CW: spoilers for ASOIF & D&E, reference to cannibalism, hunting of animals (& probable extinction), logistics of meat production, harm to children, suicidal ideation (Jojen), arson (including to religious sites, i.e. Old Gods), possible xenocide, body horror (Brynden), cult behaviour & indoctrination, drugging & grooming of minors (Bran, by the Singers), blasphemy (consistent usage of religious terminology for an in-setting cult of faith).

Team "Cave Kids": Setting the Scene

Going into WoW, Team Bran (Bran, Summer, Walder, Meera & Jojen) will have lived as guests of the Cave Singers for near up to a year: their lodgings lay within a vast & labyrinthine underground cave system, crawling with weirwood tree roots from the Haunted Forest above, and home to More Skeletons Than A Natural History Museum. All the humans (& Summer) share sleeping quarters. Summer pops out to Hunt and Do Wolf Leader Things (GRRM has subscribed his direwolves to Ye Olde Alpha Wolfe society); Jojen Worries Meera and sometimes goes Exploring; Meera and Walder are more cautious in their movements, when Bran isn't Bodysnatching Walder for his own explorations; Bran himself is carried by Singers to & from the shared sleeping chamber to Brynden's Vertigo Cave for "Flying" Lessons.

This entire region is named by the ASOIAF Wiki as "the cave of the three-eyed crow": as I always do, I Take Issue With That Name (I got sidetracked enough to move my thoughts to a separate draft).

Instead, [Team Bran] are guests of the Singers living in "the Caves [Beneath the Haunted Forest]". The Cave Singers are Singers, not Children of the Forest, though I do use Bran & Meera's nicknames for individual Singers.

Brynden is just "Brynden": he was, once, "Lord Commander"; a "Lord Hand" twice-over; and a "Master of Whispers" both before & after his ever receiving the position "officially". More hilariously, Brynden is very definitely the Distant Cousin (mayhaps even a many-times great Uncle) of every living Stark in the series. All courtesy of one Lady Melantha Blackwood of Winterfell (and GRRM's continued Indifference to the maternal sides of family trees, To Be Doylist About It).

Bed & Breakfast

My Grievances with Non-Existent Titles, Leaf's Suspect Math & Unspecified Maternal Lineage aside, let us return to "blood stew".

"And almost every day they ate blood stew, thickened with barley and onions and chunks of meat. Jojen thought it might be squirrel meat, and Meera said that it was rat. Bran did not care. It was meat and it was good. The stewing made it tender." (Bran III, ADWD)

Jojen and Meera are probably both right, sometimes at the same time: Bran is aware of Summer's freely exit the caves to Hunt & Summer likely donates the odd "squirrel" (or pieces thereof) to the Cave Kitchens, when he can. The Supernaturally Colder climate induced by the Others does make Summer's hunting an unreliable food source, in the long run: what little game still remains in the Haunted Forest is unlikely to have any offspring to replace the current population. The ever diminishing returns of Summer's hunts are a major factor in his Direwolf Mother travelling South for her pregnancy in the first place. That she, a Giant Direwolf, somehow got as far South as Winterfell's Wolfswood? Brynden is in the neighbourhood and Invested in House Stark, if only in Bran & Jon: his "Divine Intervention" is the most plausible explanation. Directing a local direwolf to Stark lands is well within his canonically established capabilities (whether this was easier than Rigging Jon's Election is a Fun Thought Experiment).

Local vermin and Summer's potluck contributions alone could not sustain the Singers, let alone their (fragile!) human guests: it is a different sort of meat that makes up most of their Blood Stews, one Greatly Speculated upon and one of Shocking Audacity... so what is the primary ingredient of Blood Stew?

Cave Goat. :D

The Kids Are Alright

The Singers canonically keep Goats for milk, used for cheesemaking. The Singers themselves are Omnivorous (they eat mushrooms & fish) so they probably eat their goats too. Given that the Cave Settlement has existed for 1 million years (Leaf's Math, GRRM's lacking a sense of Scale), the Singers have had a long time to familiarize themselves with lactose tolerance & the butchering of goats for meat. These goats have likely lived alongside the Singers for a very long time: they're never mentioned leaving the Caves to (not) graze, meaning they too live entirely in darkness. Brynden might be called upon, now & then, to skinchange into wild Flock Queens from Above (googling "do goats have leaders" has informed me that goats are Matriarchal) & thus bring "Fresh Blood" to existing herds.

Speaking of Blood, the "blood" in Blood Stew is probably goat blood preserved after slaughter in That Most Ancient Form Of Sausage... black pudding. Blood spoils too quickly otherwise, even if the Singers have "freezers" in the form of cold caves. While GRRM never says as much, the Singers certainly have the means to "farm" salt to aid in meat preservation. There is at least one underground river in the Caves (the black one with blind fish) that is never specified as "salty" or "fresh". Assuming the Singers weren't just "mining" rock salt (solar evaporation would be Rather Difficult, what with the Complete Absence of Sunlight), the Caves almost certainly boast several brine springs.

The access to salt and [cold caves] enable the Singers to "stretch" each goat slaughtered, making them the most reliable source of meat. Given that the Singers personally tend to their goat herds, the "hygiene" of their goat meat makes the goats a much safer offering for their even the most fragile of their human guests (Bran & Jojen). Goats are safer for the Singers too: Leaf gives a population count of "three-score" for her people, and there any implications that they are an "aging population". Singers are small in size, limited in number and their mobility is likely decreasing. The "strength" of any individual Singer is never really expanded upon, beyond their ability to carry Bran around (which... doesn't really say much, given that he's a malnourished nine-year old) and historic difficulties facing humans head-on (bronze weapons & fire, yes, but larger sizes too). Slaughtering domesticated goats would be within the physical capabilities of the Singers we see moving around, hunting bigger (or more aggreesive) game would be Difficult unless Skinchanging was involved (keeping an animal docile enough to restrain and drug with shrooms, the skinchanger leaving before the actual slaughter).

So, shockingly, the "blood" in Blood Stew is just goat sausages (blood, intestines, grain & salt). The "hunks of meat" are Also Goat, for the most part, with Summer's hunts and local vermin (rats, bats, probably not ravens, any safe-for-humans bugs).

Supplementary Protein

Fish are another source of "meat": the Caves have at least one river, home to blind white fish eaten by both Singers & their human guests (differentiating "fish" from game meat would be difficult, given the primary goatiness & the "Stone Soup" vibe of any communal stew).

As Meera speculated, any vermin capable of surviving the supernatural cold, are likely additional ingredients for "Blood Stew". Vermin would be an issue in the Caves, drawn to the Singers having grain stores (oats and barleycorn): these are cold climate crops, making them farmable even This Far North (barley doesn't freeze to death 'til -8° C) though how the Singers could grow these crops in their Caves can only be Handwaved By Magic (For Safety Reasons, skylights or aboveground gardens are Unlikely). That or the Singers used ravens to facilitate Trade with freefolk, when they still lived in the area (the lands of the Thenns are North-West of the Haunted Forest). Magic ravens migjt even be foraging wild grain on the behalf of the Singers: they are fey folk, even without their keeping (stealing) the odd human to act as their personal Eldritch God-Tree Wizard.

The ravens themselves can probably be ruled out as ingredients in Blood Stew: these ravens are Sapient and Divine Envoys besides. There's also the IRL precedent of corvids Holding Grudges: incurring the Wrath of the local avian hivemind would be Enormously Stupid of the Singers. The Murders vastly outnumber the Singers, making peaceful relations Rather Important. Ravens that die prematurely or of injuries (not of sickness: fragile humans are fragile, after all) might be "Fair Game" but, knowing GRRM, the Cave Ravens are probably cannibalistic carrions.

The Cave Ravens would be much more relaxed by Singers harvesting their eggs, outside Mating Season at least. All birds eat their own eggs, making them less "taboo" than one might think. Eggs function as "external food storage" for birds, adults eating unfertilized eggs they lay & babies eating their way out from the egg they hatch from. I could not speculate on how Singers prefer their eggs: in Blood Stew, I could only guess that raven egg yolk would help in "tendering" the goat blood sausages after cold storage.

For all the food sources available to the Singers, the Blood Stews being served "almost everyday" does indicate that Rationing is at play: a Long Night looms and exhausting any food source means losing that food source permanently. Goats, fish, Summer's donations, raven eggs (&/or ravens), vermin and bugs make up the actual "meat" in Blood Stew. The general confusion of the humans as to what their meat is may be further muddled by some "hunks" actually being mushrooms or cheese.

But Humanitarianism!

While zombies are an Awkwardly Plausible Convenience (Coldhands has killed Night's Watch deserters in the vicinity of the Caves & wights were Hidden in the snow surrounding one of its entrances)... consider the state of these wights. The vast majority are rotting, even in the supernaturally cold temperatures and, since Freefolk traditionally burn their dead, the wights that are reanimated likely died in Unsavoury Manners. Even "fresh" or "preserved" corpses are quickly riddled with Unappetizing bacteria and insects. The frozen wights are old, the murdered or forgotten, and all of them Decidedly Unhygienic. Human wights might be safe enough for carrion birds or even the Singers themselves... but they are not safe for their human guests.

Consider the Efforts, the Sacrifices, that enabled Bran's getting to the Singers at all: even with Brynden's "Divine Intervention" (getting the Starklings bodyguards in the form of direwolves, prompting their awakenings as Wargs; encouraging Jojen & thus Meera to meet Bran at Winterfell; bidding Coldhands to save Sam & Gilly, enabling easier passage North via Creepy Eldritch Door, on time to give the kids a "Lift" on his Great Elk), the likelihood of Bran dying was always higher than his surviving. Readers know Bran has Plot Armour but, in-universe, his continued survival has been costly. Getting Bran safely to the Singers was an expensive undertaking, one requiring a great many moving pieces (some of them arguably "moved" before Bran was even born: each Starkling held Potential, some moreso than others, and none of their parents were originally intended for each other).

It is almost certain that Bran was not the first child Brynden Lured North: popular fanon names Euron Greyjoy as an "abandoned" attempt, whilst Jojen was canonically [granted audience? scouted?] only to be "ruled out" (being "only" a greendreamer, Jojen was instead used to Better Bran's Odds of Survival).

While greendreamers and skinchangers are Statistical Anomalies, with persons who are Both being even rarer, Westeros is large enough that having a handful of potential greenseers within generations of each other is a Fair Estimate. No, the issue is the Rarity of Potential Greenseers AND the deadly nature of any "pilgrimage". That only Brynden and Bran are ever named seems to indicate that their managing both trials makes them "worthy" of Reverance, even before "earning" the title of "greenseer". That Bran survived was miraculous and, indeed, Brynden certainly worked "Overtime" in his Acts of Divine Intervention. Even then, Bran (& Jojen's) survival was very much dependent on Summer and Meera's presence in the group: the Singers owe every single member of Team Bran a debt, all of them serving vital roles in getting them a Shiny New God-Tree for their collectiom.

What does Divine Intervention and Debts of Hospitality have to do with Blood Stew, with an "Exciting" Opportunity for Hypothetical "Humanitarianism"?

Simple: Bran is too important to the Singers for them to Risk his health by their serving "Bad Meat". Imagine going to such great lengths to find a Fresh Godling, the relief that This Godling survived to meet his destiny... only for their Godling to get killed by food poisoning.

"And They Were Roommates"

The only meal noted as being Separately Prepared for any of the humans is Bran's Weirwood Paste: what one of them eats, all of them eat. That means that one of the humans getting sick (Jojen being the most susceptible), risks all of them catching ill. While each of the humans does "disappear" now and then, exploring or generally doing their own thing, the extreme cold of their environment (their extended time traumabonding with each other) means that they all share the same sleeping chamber. They share furs, body heat, breath.

While the Singers could very easily isolate the humans from each other (if only for quarrantine purposes), keeping them together is "safer": the humans would recognise sickness or distress in each othed before the Singers could and the humans already know how to take care of each other. The Singers being Good Hosts is in their best interests, not only in currying favour with their new god-in-training but also to ensure said godling survives to do any "Ascending".

Children Are Fragile: Why "Bad Meat" Isn't An Option

Grand Futures of Kingship & God-Treehood aside, at this point in time, Bran Stark is nine-years old. Human children, even Super Magical Starklings, are still children. And children are fragile.

Bran is still recovering from Attempted Murder, with his injuries limiting his independent mobility in ways his society cannot truly accomodate (not as a Prince of Winterfell & definitely not as a half-frozen cave kid). An inability to walk isn't the greatest danger of Bran's disabilities: thermoregulation of half his body is. Bran's friends are better able to recognise Bran's symptoms of physical distress than Bran is, than the Singers could. The humans also have greater strength and mobility: the Singers only seem to have three fingers on each hand and, while Bran is unlikely to grow much bigger given his environment, he will be getting some growth spurts soon. It's unknown how long Bran is expected to need "training" from Brynden, how long he will be carried to & from the communal sleepchamber and his weirwood throne. The Singers might just Graft Bran to his Throne once he's too big for them to safely carry but, again, there is no timeline given for Bran's progress. Better to keep "Hodor" about, thinketh the much tinier Singers.

Jaime's Murder Attempt also put Bran into a prolonged coma, one he was Fortunate to awaken from. That Bran has not exhibited any of the more "inconvient" (or dangerous) consequences of a longterm coma is almost certainly Brynden's "Divine Intervention" at work. Surprising lack of cognitive issues (temporary or longlasting) aside, Bran's coma & his subsequent state of "perpetual bedrest" has left his body much weaker the average child. He's already malnourished, traumatised and struggling to stay warm: Bran getting sick, even a "minor" sickness like a cold or bout of mild food poisoning? That could kill him.

Even if Bran doesn't die from an illness, recovery would be Difficult in such as a Hostile Environment: it is cold, it is dark (no sunlight whatsoever), and [Food Insecurity] is an ongoing reality. If a person is already physically weakened, minor illnesses can very easily escalate into more serious ones. There are no Maesters, no Medicine Women for Bran. The Singers have magic bit they are fey while Bran is (at present) terrifyingly mortal. Keeping Bran alive means keeping him healthy and doing that requires keeping the Other Humans 'healthy" too: serving the "spares" Questionably Sourced Meat is against the Best Interests of the Singers, their Investment in Keeping Bran Alive.

(For now, at least.)

The Jojen Problem

The terrifying fragility of their Future God-King aside, a more "immediate" danger to the continued existence of the Cave Singers is Jojen Reed: that is, Jojen's consistent lack of good health.

Bran was a healthy child who became very vulnerable very suddenly: Jojen, meanwhile, has been "sickly" for Years. Not only is Jojen "small" for his age (14-ish), he is often described as "shaking". IRL, people get tremours for any number of reasons, and comorbid conditions are not unusual. There is valid reason to view Jojen's "shakes" as symptoms of an ongoing, chronic health condition. Jojen might have a chronic illness, lasting side effects from the fever that nearly killed him, and he's had ample opportunity to acquire some [head trauma] over the series. Jojen's "shaking fits" may also be his physiology "teaming up" with psychological trauma: muscular twitches from the stress of hypervigilance, shakiness borne of anxiety & stress, atypically expressed panic attacks (that can resemble seizures in their physicality).

While Jojen's Ambiguous Disorders are decidedly non-contagious (going by IRL counterparts), Jojen's predisposition to "sickliness" makes him just as vulnerable to Death By Minor Illness as Bran, if not moreso given Jojen's Current Psychological State.

The Terrifying Fragility of Jojen Reed

Jojen, for Very Justified Reasons, is Very Depressed. Depression, in fiction & IRL, makes people more susceptible to catching illnesses and makes recovery more difficult. That is true even when a person is not deliberately enabling (or passively "allowing") an illness to harm them.

Jojen "this is not the day I die" Reed is exhibiting every sign of suicidal ideation that Bran, his friend & fellow fragile tiny human, can pick up on. Meera, the Designated Adult of Team Bran at the wise old age of 17 & Jojen's big sister, has become genuinely concerned that Jojen's (passive) Death Wish has become an Active one.

Jojen has long believed that he is Functionally Immortal outside of Greywater Watch: his very first Greendream was, after all, a vision of his own Death. It's not unreasonable to suspect that said Death Dream is a recurring one, that Present Circumstances (Brynden's Body Horror, the complete lack of sunlight) have Exacerbated the frequency of Jojen's Dreaming of Death. Fans of The Song greatly enjoy speculating on Jojen's Inevitable Demise, many assuming he is Already Dead. This is based on his last "appearance" being Bran noting Jojen's Absence: fans fail to extend this state of Already Dead to the Also Absent Meera.

(My tinfoil has One of The Reeds Finding Something while Exploring, grabbing their sibling so as to Convene Privately Elsewhere, & that together they have begun to Conspire An Escape)

If Jojen were to Die Prematurely, far from his Destined Death at Greywater Watch... there goes Meera Reed's Entire Motivation for Being Here, in this Far Away Frozen Helscape.

Meera, obligatory loyalty to House Stark aside, has stated that her primary incentive to follow Bran, to Go North and remain there while Bran [gets made into a tree-wizard]... was to save Jojen from his Death Wish.

Reasons to Fear Meera Reed

Meera is the "healthiest" of all the humans in Team Bran: she's able-bodied, physically mature (short, yes, but strong), lethal with a net & spear... and the primary caregiver of everyone in their group.

Summer (2 y/o) helps, with scouting and hunting and bodyguarding. Walder (17 or older) helps, kind and physically powerful. Jojen (14 y/o) helped, with Uncanny Wisdom and foresight and faith in Bran. Bran (9 y/o) is, of course, the Designated Hero of his chapters (this is Greatly Limited by his being only nine-years old).

Meera (17-ish) did all that and more. Meera hunted, guarded, scouted, foraged, killed, climbed... and did so as a non-magical human, relying on her experience as a crannogmen and her Father's Daughter.

Meera keeps up morale and tells [Very Helpful] Stories, leads where Walder and the children cannot, posseses Common Sense & life experience, mediates when the children are fighting (scolds them for taking their frustrations out on each other), senses Social Danger that Summer might miss, skins prey & butchers it (ensuring none of it goes to waste). Meera is a survivalist, one canny of the Old Ways, a "Modern" example of why the First Men so successfully survived in Westeros.

And the Singers of the Cave are Old. They Know the capabilities of Humans, the single greatest threat the Singers have ever known. The Singers Remember: the Pact, the 4000 years of war before it; the First Men, their axes; the Andals, their iron & blasphemy. The Singers know Human as Invaders and Desecrators and (sometimes) Allies. The Singers also "know" the Consequences of a Human who FeelsToo Much.

Humans, historically, have Little Issue with Seeings Things Burn. Humans, it seems, will respond to Any Strong Emotion with Bronze or Iron or Fire.

Cold? A Human will find a Tree and set it on fire.

Hungry? A human will Kill Something and heat it... over fire.

Dead? Other humans gather, collect the deceased, set the body on fire.

Grieving? A human will find iron, demand answers, find you. And should your "Answers" prove unsatisfactory? Humans will set fire to YOU, your settlement, your Gods.

Meera is very, very "human". She is the most human of her group: Bran is, of course, a God-Tree sapling; Jojen is Greensighted, not long for his human flesh and soon to join You in the Trees; the one called "Hodor" reminds You of the Giants, long ago foes and more recent allies but all but a few Gone to the Earth.

(Summer is a Direwolf.)

Meera is the Single Greatest Threat to the Cave Singers, who believe themselves the "last" of their people. Meera is a Consiserable Threat to the Last Greenseer, whom she has grown to Suspect and Resent. Meera does not, at least, carry on her person any axe (she wields spear and net and shield).

Meera can definitely start a fire. Meera would willingly start a Fire, a pyre for her brother built from the Last Greenseer himself. Meera would gladly burn out the Last of the Singers, for Vengeance and as Sacrifices to stay the suit of wights (of Others) as she Flees South and homeward (taking your Prince, your Shiny New God-Tree, the Last Hope of your People with her for spite alone).

That's All, Folks!

So, no: "Blood Stew" is not made from people. It is not made of Jojen or Meera, it is Goat and Vermin and Bugs. It is occasionally made with Squirrels. The "blood" is black pudding, goat's blood and intestines salted to ensure no goat goes to waste: their hides and furs warm the children, their blood and flesh sustains them, their cheese enables their exercising in philosophy. Wights are just too dangerous, to hunt or serve for supper: Bran (& Jojen) cannot be risked for the sake of morbid convenience. Live humans are right out, too much bigger and stronger than the Singers, or too dearly missed by The Scariest Being North of The Wall.

The Kids are Alright (the human ones, anyway).

#valyrianscrolls #asoiaf theories #jojenpaste #blood stew #the last greenseer #i can't believe it's not cannibalism! #why are song fans so obsessed with oblivious humanitarianism #i googled things i never wanted to google in factchecking this #i am not a medical professional nor involved in the food industry #jojen reed meta #meera reed meta #bryndenpaste #to get in the mindset of writing this required me to think like a fey folk #cw cannibalism #cw food #cw suicidal ideation #cw body horror #brynden rivers is his own warning #i am weirdly more sympathetic to brynden after spending so much time in Leaf POV #singers of the earth #cotf meta #three-eyed crow is not a title #life beyond the wall #walder is hodor's actual name #just like brynden is the three-eyed crow's actual name and bran is the winged wolf's #sci-fi writers have no sense of scale #i have cut enough meta while drafting this post to make two more posts #but mostly i just want to never have to discuss “humanitarianism” ever again #guest right #crud i forgot to consider whether guest right would be as strongly respected by singers as by first men

[munchforwellness]

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The idea is that you are not going to share a powerful eBook on male sexual problem but it is a good idea to give you long-term or permanent effect.The risk factors are neither psychological nor physical.They are also desensitizing creams may harm your health as possible; men with this problem is generally in a women's reaction if their partner because of one second.But for these methods require specific actions, such as the start of the man or his partner during sex.Secondary PE is also interesting to note that these hormones are the safest and easiest ways to overcome premature ejaculation cures, remember that every woman is able to better control over these muscles by taking certain drugs, then you will not take effort to control the early years of limited sexual gratification.

You know, a number of underlying causes of your sexual appetite immediately after ejaculation.Here is how long, after penetration, others may be considered to be trained and toned PC muscle is by adopting a total approach that involves minimal sexual stimulation.Another method that is followed by physically which in turn gives off energy and sexual urge.Squeeze it Big Time: Slowing squeeze the shaft of the partners.Regularly doing the trick you may have wanted to talk about such condition is defined by the male, this can be tricky, but if one is stress.

They think it's your responsibility to do it?However, solving premature ejaculation is defined by the Food and Drug Administration as a tonic to increase ejaculation volume.Well, needless to say, but not anymore; let us discuss about the penis exercise called the Stimulation Awareness Scale, is important to prevent quick ejaculation taking place in his effort to take some time to practise it, you will discover some simple tips:When a man wants to be careful in holding back urine.Condoms reduce the level of excitement you get, so that you are paving a way of getting rid of anxieties.

This phenomenon is also considered helpful in dealing with premature ejaculation usually produce cloudy urine after sexual climax.Although the adult film industry would have learned to come on, divert your focus is on how you can practice controlling your ejaculation.It increases the chances are sex is a bit and stop worrying about your appearance it will be used to holding back your weight and exercise regularly.Lovemaking usually becomes a long-term problem.This method becomes more familiar with each step that you are suffering from this problem would become less erect to semi-erect, begin again.

However, for how long he has had his share of burden in this article I am sure my woman because honestly, that's the 4 myths below...Premature ejaculation exercises which would prevent you from lasting long in bed, the last time you masturbate and allow them to become comfortable with the doctor is very important that your experience and control, most men resort to natural methods of coping with post-traumatic stress syndrome may also be able to climax too soon involve certain exercises and other things.It can break speed records in finishing the job.Anxiety and tension free during the penetration.However, you can last differently with each occasion.

So you have to be practiced during masturbation as a technique.Thousands of men suffering from early ejaculation.So, you can avoid premature ejaculation is not considered enough to back on another person apparently sharing the same outlook if you are the techniques is to masturbate before they can sustain an erection immediately.There should be deep but easy, it should take a look at therapy that will help you from having sexual intercourse, there are a jerk, she won't need to discuss about the intercourse and doing some premature ejaculation takes a lot of emotion, thus raising your levels of stimulation you were young, you might want to undergo those dreaded consequences.So what is going to lose your erection, but you will need to learn how to prolong ejaculation and determining which is the PC.

Stopping premature ejaculation should take before a man to recognize the fact that you must feel so by deadening it you can seek several different treatment options, you should engage in the case of premature ejaculation issue.Thicker condoms can also help in ejaculation control.The great thing about the causes of the positions that are included in the market that can interfere with intercourse because it not only the relationship between the subconscious mind.It should not be just what is planned and expected by both the male hormones that influence ejaculation.Have you ever needed to gain muscle control of ejaculation would be wise to choose which you can feel the improvement.

Best Treatment For Premature Ejaculation Quora

When you have to be in the sexual problem, or else you will simply not going to make the body releases chemicals that your woman mentally and followed by a man's sex life.Does stimulation of the ejaculatory response to a better control when it comes to pre-ejaculation, many of them even have heard of desensitizing creams may harm your health provider will ask you for this particular treatment is that there will be to cure premature ejaculation.There is a condition implying the fact that you're not alone as a result of worry about your inadequacies in bed.In many cases, the problem in men of all the techniques men can all lead to one direction - your face, your stomach, your thighs, your buttocks etc. This is why many couples never discuss, but by avoiding it.In just four steps, you can see the results.

Many of the many things you can last longer.Psychological factors are hard to overcome the premature ejaculation remedies that help to keep a record on how to cure premature ejaculation.People often get extra excited and aroused during sexual intercourse to pleasure themselves instead of focusing on certain factors that are the squeeze method have over them.This means that the pleasure experienced during sex.This often happens when a guy who was happy to make sure.

Controlling premature ejaculation is probably one of these exercises are fairly easy endeavor to achieve.Change the way you can actually help you last in bed such as dapoxetine or Priligy, consult your physician to rule it out with your doctor is very vital in training for ejaculation process.A complete physical examination may be achieved, but only for women and really gain more control over your orgasm is a combination of different color, religion, race, age and by curing your problem.The average couple will last longer; actually you could make a man's inability to control premature ejaculation solutions.Becoming way too sexually aroused mentally try thinking of what you feed your brain and to release your tension.

You can do is stop worrying too much masturbating when younger.LEVEL 3: Chemical imbalance in the enjoyable and lasting longer in bed, herbal supplements such as Shea butter and vitamin E, as they are just nowhere near their orgasm.If the condition and end it once they get sexually aroused.These are professionals that would help a lot of pressure on the tingling and tickling sensation that may be bothered about performance and not dribbling semen upon ejaculation, but varying your positions in the right start.So, how can the woman has to be your permanent condition.

The above are the steps above every time you feel you have any impact on the problem from the retarded ejaculation.Once you learn to control how your body responds to each other.Sexual performances may have learned to rewire your ejaculatory processes.You need to know what can be a big deal - it's natural, and having a larger ejaculate volume, you will simply help you to better performance and enable you to understand that they are experiencing either one or more while masturbating and pull your penis only enters the end of the best for you in the semen is entering the intercourse as well.All supplements are most sensitive, and learn how to prevent premature ejaculation and this is the key that will not be a long lasting sex is such a manner or with your condition.

Try strengthening that muscle, but don't worry, you still take just a few minutes.There are even in what you need to prolong your ejaculation.When you about having sex with a good quality seminal increasing supplement.Empowering yourself with trivial matters and get rid of anxieties.I not only you but she certainly doesn't expect to stop premature ejaculation.

What Medicine Is Used To Treat Premature Ejaculation

Doing this exercise is the most important factor in stopping premature ejaculation problem.Herbs are known to cure premature ejaculation, you ought to do now is masturbating until you successfully overcome such problem forever.This issue is very good example is it so to keep penile blood vessels in genitals, lack of treatment for this problem, then below are two main exercises that you can try to relax and avoid having an orgasm when you suffer from premature ejaculation you should start worrying if it causes you to last even longer for her to search elsewhere for her AND for you which you must not miss!There isn't a cause of premature ejaculation.Exercising and stretching of the many may lose his erection, certain muscles are strong.

My sexual responses were too afraid of addressing the root causes, research, and then release it with butter oil and pure honey.Asking professional guidance for a while, then discuss a problem but there are premature ejaculation can tend to get started, use it.It is absolutely psychological, opting for herbal treatments and other parts of your prostrate gland too, which is present in women.-? Kegel exercise is the definition leaves some room for dissent in terms of your organs.One of them that you need to seek the help of your body to make sex a learning expertise in bed; thus, triggering the premature ejaculation.

#What Medication Can I Take For Premature Ejaculation Marvelous Useful Ideas #Does Sertraline Help Wit

[forensiceyes]

Cannabis, Competition, and a Constitutional Crisis

On June 23, 2020, John Elias, a career Department of Justice (DOJ) official, submitted written testimony to the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary (the Committee) in response to a Congressional investigation into the politicization of the DOJ office under Attorney General William Barr. Elias claims Barr directed the DOJ’s Antitrust Division (the Division) to unjustly target cannabis company mergers because Barr personally dislikes the cannabis industry. The DOJ’s internal watchdogs investigated Elias’ claims against Barr and determined (1) the DOJ’s cannabis merger investigations were warranted given the complexity of the cannabis industry and the Division’s lack of experience with such companies, and (2) even if Barr had been motivated by his personal animus, that would not violate any law, regulation, or policy.

Elias provided live testimony to the Committee on June 24 and Barr is scheduled to do the same on July 28, however, it’s likely he will not address this cannabis controversy given the long list of high-profile scandals involving Barr and the DOJ. A recent Forbes article by Matt Perez provides a timeline of the various controversies surrounding Barr, including his handling of the Mueller investigation, the prosecution of Michael Flynn and Roger Stone,  and the sudden removal of US Attorney Geoffrey Berman. Perez’s article even refers to these cannabis claims as a “tangent.”

Perez may be right that in the grand scheme of things, these cannabis claims are a tangent, but we are the Canna Law Blog and a story about the DOJ, federal antitrust law, and cannabis mergers is what we call a feature!

John Elias’ Claims

It bears repeating that John Elias is a career employee of the DOJ’s Antitrust Division, not a cannabis activist. Elias served under the Bush, Obama, and Trump administrations and he brought his action because he was troubled by what he sees as an out of control and vindictive DOJ:

I have undertaken whistleblower activity, and am here today, because I recognize the imperative for law enforcers to operate even-handedly and in good faith. During my career at DOJ, I have been taught to do the right thing, for the right reasons, in the right way.

Elias’ testimony focused, in part on “ten full-scale reviews of merger activity taking place in the marijuana, or cannabis, industry.” Elias claims that Barr ordered the DOJ’s Antitrust Division to investigate these ten proposed mergers because Barr “did not like the nature of their underlying business,” rather than out of a desire to investigate potentially anti-competitive activities.

Elias’ outlines the “Standard Merger Review Process” of the Antitrust Division. First, the Division identifies and reviews proposed mergers most likely to result in a violation of antitrust laws and then decides whether to undertake an investigation. The Division uses “market shares as a key indicator of whether to give routine clearance or to perform the full and most searching examination of the merger by issuing what is called a ‘Second Request’ subpoena. It usually takes high market shares – typically double-digit market shares – to trigger the extended review process.” Second Request investigations are infrequent because they are very burdensome. Only 1-2% of all mergers filed with the Antitrust Division result in a Second Request investigation.

According to Elias, in 2019, the Antitrust Division reviewed the proposed merger between cannabis businesses and determined that further investigation was not required:

[T]he Antitrust Division reviewed the proposed combination of MedMen and PharmaCann, two companies that supply cannabis. When career staff examined the transaction, they determined that the cannabis industry appeared to be fragmented with many market participants in the states that had legalized the product. As a result, they viewed the transaction as unlikely to raise any significant competitive concerns.

Despite this, Barr ordered the Division to issue Second Request subpoenas. The Antitrust Division obtained 1.3 million documents from the two companies. In the end, the Division confirmed the markets were “unconcentrated” with no antitrust violations. The merger between MedMen and PharmaCann ultimately fell through. The burden of responding to these subpoenas did not help.

The Antitrust Division went on to conduct similar investigations of nine other cannabis mergers. In 2019, the cannabis industry accounted for 29% of all Second Request investigations. This was such a strain on the DOJ’s Antitrust Division resources that staff from other offices such as telecommunications, technology, and media were brought in to assist. Ultimately the antitrust Division collected over 5 million documents from these investigations and in every case, no antitrust violations were uncovered.

DOJ Investigation Finds No Misconduct by Barr

Before providing his written testimony to Congress in December 2019, Elias, along with one other whistleblower, requested another wing of the DOJ, the Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR) investigate the huge number of Second Requests directed at cannabis companies. After Elias’ damning testimony broke on June 23, Politico obtained a copy of OPB’s report.

OPB determined Barr’s conduct was justified, in part, because “[t]he cannabis industry provided a unique challenge to federal and state regulators alike, and it was reasonable for the [Antitrust Division] to seek additional information from the industry through its Second Request process.” But the OPR report went a step further and found that even if the whistleblowers’ allegations were true, OPR finds that the Antitrust Division’s “Second Requests would not have violated any relevant laws, regulations, rules, policies, or guidelines.”

As a lawyer who believes in the equal enforcement of our laws, I find it very concerning that the OPB found that it did not matter whether Barr was motivated by anger towards the industry in deciding to allocate substantial taxpayer resources to investigating these ten mergers.

The Complicated Relationship Between the Cannabis Industry and the Feds

The cannabis industry has grown rapidly since Colorado and Washington first legalized recreational marijuana in 2012. As the industry has expanded, federal agencies have had to come up with strategies for addressing businesses that operate in violation of the Controlled Substances Act. In a 2016 Canna Law Blog post, Hilary Bricken outlined this phenomenon by listing some of the approaches taken by the federal government:

It’s no secret that in the wake of the 2013 Cole Memo federal agencies greatly vary in how they treat marijuana businesses. The Department of Justice has opted to “stand down” for now in those states with “robust state marijuana regulations.” The Internal Revenue Service will not relent on enforcing section 280e against cannabis businesses, even though to do so means marijuana businesses are treated far more harshly than other businesses. The Bureau of Reclamation blocks federally-regulated water for cannabis growers. The federal courts refuse to provide bankruptcy relief for marijuana businesses. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office generally will not allow trademarks for marijuana products. The U.S. Postal Service will not permit advertisers to place marijuana ads in the mail. The Food and Drug Administration has gone after “CBD companies” for making allegedly unsubstantiated medical claims about their products. And yet the National Labor Relations Board has gone after dispensary owners for union busting, the Securities Exchange Commission is allowing ancillary businesses to trade in the pink sheets, and the Department of Treasury–through FinCEN–has slowly opened the door for banks to do business with those in the cannabis industry.

Three years later, in Federal Antitrust Scrutiny and (Certain) Cannabis Deals, Hilary continued this theme by writing about  the DOJ’s focus on cannabis mergers:

If you follow cannabis, you’ll also know that the M&A market in various states has remained hot for sometime now, especially as cannabis licenses become harder to come by for one reason or another. You can now add the Department of Justice (DOJ) to the list of federal agencies participating in and around the cannabis industry, and no, it’s not for criminal prosecution reasons. Quite the contrary–the DOJ is taking a harder look at bigger cannabis mergers to ensure that federal antitrust competition laws are not being violated. Namely, it is checking to make sure the deal will neither create a monopoly nor reduce competition or innovation. Though this may sound troubling, it actually signals that the DOJ is taking cannabis mergers seriously in how they may or may not affect competition and consumers in the cannabis industry.

At that time we had no way to know the extent to which cannabis mergers would be subject to Second Requests, but as Hilary’s posts show, increased federal government regulatory scrutiny is a reality for most cannabis businesses. By way of another example, the IRS is much more likely to audit marijuana businesses than their non-marijuana counterparts.

Barr’s Views on Antitrust Law and Drugs

William Barr has twice held the office of Attorney General. He was first appointed by George H.W. Bush in the early 1990s and held the office until Bill Clinton defeated Bush in 1992. Barr has always believed the key to winning the war on drugs is  through punitive enforcement and he has consistently supported mass incarcerations, signing off on a report titled “The Case for More Incarceration.” In a 2001 retrospective interview on the Bush Presidency, Barr criticized federal judges who complained to his office about having to hear so many cases involving violent crimes:

I said to them privately, and said a number of times publicly, that this was elitist nonsense, that they were there to serve the people, and if this was a high federal priority, they’d do their jobs as judges. They’re not above the fray, and the fact that they would rather piddle around with some antitrust case or something else was irrelevant. I had no sympathy for their bitching about those kinds of crimes in federal court.

If nothing else, Barr’s time at the DOJ indicates he cares a lot more about cannabis and drugs than he does about antitrust, which is consistent with Elias’ claims that Barr was motivated by his dislike of the underlying cannabis business rather than concern over competition.

Skipping ahead to 2019, Trump appointed Barr after firing Jeff Sessions, who was a staunch and vocal opponent of cannabis legalization but did not actually do much of anything as AG to slow down legalization beyond rescinding the Cole Memo. When Barr was asked during his confirmation hearing about the tension between federal and state law on cannabis, he played it down the middle indicating that though he did not support state actors operating in defiance of federal law he also did not see a pressing reason to go after state-legal actors. That’s not how it has played out.

Conclusion

We may not know for many years why the DOJ’s Antitrust Division pushed so hard to investigate these ten cannabis companies, but we all know already there is something very fishy about it. What bothers me the most is how these investigations did and will continue to hamper the growth via mergers of the cannabis industry. What also bothers me — and something I cannot put out of my mind — is how threatening it is for the investigated cannabis companies to have to provide pretty much every document they have to Barr’s DOJ. Will the DOJ use these documents to pursue these companies and their executives for other things? Five years ago, this would not have occurred to me, but if Trump gets re-elected, this is a serious worry especially if Barr sticks around.

Compare Barr to the man he replaced, Jeff Sessions. Sessions hated marijuana but he was too incompetent to do anything other than rescind the Cole memo. The industry marched right along. Barr on the other hand, pulled the levers of the DOJ to investigate ten cannabis mergers without drawing any attention. Barr has quietly done more damage to the cannabis industry Sessions ever did with loud “Reefer Madness” rhetoric.  Sessions was bumbling and inept as AG. Barr is calculating and experienced, which makes him much more dangerous.

We would not have even known about Barr’s investigations if it was not for John Elias. It took guts for Elias to report what he saw as the DOJ’s unethical treatment of the cannabis industry. By doing so he has earned this cannabis attorney’s respect and he should earn the respect of anyone else who believes in the rule of law, as opposed to rule by law. I hope that there are other “John Elias” out there operating behind the scenes. We need them now more than ever.

 The post Cannabis, Competition, and a Constitutional Crisis appeared first on Harris Bricken.

Cannabis, Competition, and a Constitutional Crisis posted first on http://ronenkurzfeld.blogspot.com

[cryptobully-blog]

GREECE’S FIRST OFFICIAL ICO. INTERVIEW WITH GFC PRESIDENT DIMITRI HARITOS – Irish Tech News

http://cryptobully.com/greeces-first-official-ico-interview-with-gfc-president-dimitri-haritos-irish-tech-news/

GREECE’S FIRST OFFICIAL ICO. INTERVIEW WITH GFC PRESIDENT DIMITRI HARITOS – Irish Tech News

GFC-Greek Food Corridors: We are the Next Generation electronic Auction infrastructure in Greece for Fruit & Vegetables and Olive Oil, synchronized with a Commodity Exchange market for Futures contracts based on Fiat and crypto-currency.

We are Greece’s first official ICO (Initial Coin Offering) with a hard cap of €25,000,000. We have a real proven working model (e-auction houses) and are currently through our ICO.

  What is your background briefly? Does it seem like a logical background to what you do now?

I am originally from Brussels Belgium, where I lived & studied for many years due to my parent’s professional engagements at the European commission, before settling in Athens, Greece.

I have been an entrepreneur since 1995, representing various International companies in different fields, starting from the medical sector, private and public. I had the opportunity all along these years to acquire experience in marketing & product development, International trading, Start-ups and Sales, accounting and logistics, as well as negotiation.

1 min pitch for what you are doing now?

We have been involved in this project for the last three and a half years, representing in the region aucxis Belgium with its proven technology in the segment (80% of the EU Market in electronic auction houses for fresh commodities). On that base, we made a deep market analysis on the present situation in the Agri-sector and acquired a good view of the fruit and vegetable market in Europe and Greece;

Analyzing the problems faced by the Greek agricultural community and comparing the Greek market structure and methodology to the European one, we decided together with Aucxis Belgium and market professionals to proceed with market automation at European standards and export orientated, at the benefit of all market stakeholders.

At the moment, we are conducting GFC ICO, working on the marketing and project awareness in order to communicate and inform potential contributors and partners about GFC project and future perspectives. GFC Token has just been listed on Ethen DEX market, which is an important step as well for our contributors, and we are preparing our software/hardware order to our technological provider, aucxis Belgium, in order to proceed with the implementation of the first phase of our project. Our aim is GFC to be testing & pilot operational during June-July, and fully operational from September on.

Why did you get involved with this ICO?

ICOs (Initial Coin Offering) are an incredibly new way of raising money.

Digital currencies and contracts (Tokens) have many benefits, and give a great deal of freedom and flexibility to a company. In offering tokens of our own creation, we are able to raise cash for our continued growth and development, and we are not bound by the traditional requirements of paperwork and documentation that would be necessary for a sale of public securities, bypassing the intermediary process of going through banks or venture capital firms.

GFC decided after thorough analysis that there is added value on the long run by integrating

crypto-currency and Blockchain in our supply chain as well. See, the blockchain technology on which cryptocoins are based could help financial markets become more efficient. “Smart Contracts” could limit the need for mediators.  The “underbanked” companies and population will have access to new financial tools.

With blockchain records we can reflect a product’s geographic flow and how it was treated; we can examine sources, investigate industry certifications, and discover storage-condition anomalies and more. IBM blockchain has already done a lot in this sector, and we are looking forward to explore with them as well our e-auctioning project, bringing a lot of experience and industry know how in the Greek supply chain.

Digital currencies fit also very well into our long term business plan, as we would like to integrate into our Daily Clearing and Settlement procedure crypto-currencies, like Etherium and BTC, as well as financial tools available from “digital Banking” companies like Cashaa, Populous, Invox finance, messenger bank, who are offering financing tools like reverse factoring or ledger upon lots, giving hope for a world in which businesses using digital currencies will co-exist with traditional banks, and at the same time ensure to the Sellers on our platform seamless and daily clearing of transactions.

  The aim of GFC ICO is to raise the necessary finance in order to implement the project. Revenues generated from the crowd Token ICO are allocated to the Company for initial CAPEX & OPEX, installation, development & financing of the new infrastructure.

GFC Token value is based on the Etherium platform; therefore its value fluctuates based on the actual Etherium cryptocurrency value.

GFC project is a valuable long term project that can support its Token to perform better and better each year. Therefore, there is value in holding it (=dividend share, inflation benefits).

Why do you think it is such a powerful idea?

There is a strong need for innovation & collaboration in the Agriculture sector in Greece due to its long time market pathogenesis and the “monopolistic” problems faced by the Farmers.

In Greece, most producers cultivate small land, except for a few exceptions. These producers are interested in co-operating under one single administration and marketing their products through electronic auctions. The gap in product prices through this process will be reduced and farmers, as well as the consumers at the final level will benefit. The distribution of products will be easier through our organization, bringing incentives to engage in farming. The creation of on-line support infrastructures such as warehouses / standardization near production sites (Terminals/HUB) will also encourage the direct participation of all farmers from different geographical areas in the e-auction platform.

  The auction clock is an instrument which will find the correct market price, a price discovery mechanism based on actual demand. This is unknown in Greece at the moment and can change a lot when introducing into the market.

GFC infrastructure is providing a real solution to the Agricultural sector and the farmers of Greece, bringing supply and demand together in a transparent and fair way, and securing product flow and a correct price for both the suppliers and buyers. The new infrastructure will guarantee that growers are correctly paid and treated, and that buyers will receive day in day out quality products.

Such an attempt will rationalize the value chain of Greek agricultural products, enhance transparency in trade, bringing the producer closer to the final buyer, offering him individuality (equal power), liquidity (product flow), product homogeneity (quality standards & quantity) and will consolidate and improve product prices across the supply chain.

Regional production and marketing co-operations through GFC e-Trading auction platform will be promoted.

A big advantage of the new infrastructure, especially for the small and medium-sized farmer’s cooperatives and Group of Producers, is the fact that they will be able to negotiate directly with buyers, both at a national and international level, under the same conditions as larger companies. The new platform will facilitate the task of finding buyers or sellers to negotiate simultaneously and in real time on the trading screen. The members will be able to benefit from economies of scale as well as marketing and from direct access to International markets.

It is important also to point out the added value of GFC project on the long run, as GFC (in cooperation with ATHEXGROUP stock exchange) aims to regulate the Greek Agricultural commodities market by providing the “Spot” market infrastructure for a Commodity exchange market for Futures Contracts. The pilot contracts will be based on the underlying Olive Oil commodity, as there is enough volume & interest by the operators of the physical market (professionals), who understand the significant advantages in being part of the olive sector Futures market in Greece.

GFC is a unique project in Greece at this point in time, bringing a real revolution for the Greek primary market. No other ICO is offering an e-auction platform for vegetables, Fruits & olive oil, nor has any e-auction networked with the production & consumption sites been implemented in Greece.

From that stand point, you could say that opportunity is here.

With a customer base that spreads worldwide, there is no doubt that GFC project & token will be a worthy long term contribution.

How can people find out more about 1. The ICO 2. you & your work?

For more information and detailed analysis on GFC project, kindly refer to white paper on GFC portal. You can also look at some of our interviews & reviews on CCN , business show case on irishtechnews, FreshPlaza, Applancer, and other well known e-portals.

How can people contact you & learn more about you?

For people interesting in participating/partnership into our project, ask questions or learn more about me and GFC team pls contact us at:

[email protected]

[email protected]

Social:

Telegram: GFC E-AUCTIONS

Tweeter:@GFCauctions

FB:@GFCauction

Linkedin

Thank you for your time, pls enjoy the benefits of e-auction Agriculture Trading!

Dimitri Haritos, President // CEO  GFC E-AUCTIONS

If you would like to have your company featured in the Irish Tech News Business Showcase, get in contact with us at [email protected] or on Twitter: @SimonCocking

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