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gilbertineonfr2 · 7 years

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Hack.lu 2017 Wrap-Up Day 1

Hack.lu is ongoing in Luxembourg, already the thirteen edition! I arrived yesterday to attend a pre-conference event: the MISP summit. Today the regular talks were scheduled. It seems that more attendees joined this edition. The number of talks scheduled is impressive this year: 11 talks today and 12 talks on Wednesday and Thursday… Here is my wrap-up of the first day!

The first talk was not technical but very informative: “Myths and realities of attribution manipulation” presented by Félix Aimé & Ronan Mouchoux from Kaspersky. Many companies put more and more efforts in infowar instead of simple malware research. This affects many topics: cyber espionage, mass opinion manipulation or sabotage. The key is to perform attribution by putting a name on a cyber attack. You can see it as putting a tag on an attack. Note that sometimes, attribution suffers from a lack of naming convention like in the AV industry. Not easy to recognise the different actors. To perform this huge task, a lot of time and skills are required. They are many indicators available but many of them can be manipulated (ex: the country of origin, the C2, …). After a definition of attribution and the associated risks, Félix & Ronan reviewed some interesting examples:

The case of Turkey.TR domains that were DDoS after the Russian planes crashed

The case of Belgium accused to have done an airstrike against the locality of Hassadjek. A few days later, some Belgian media websites were DDoS’d.

As a conclusion to the talk, I like the quote: “You said fileless malware? APT actors try now to be less actor”.

The second slot was assigned to Sébastien (blotus) Blot, Thibault (buixor) Koechlin, Julien (jvoisin) Voisin who presented their solution to improve the security of PHP websites: Snuffleupagus (don’t ask me to pronounce it ;-). The complete title was: “Snuffleupagus – Killing bugclasses in PHP 7, virtual-patching the rest”. The speakers are working for a company provided hosting services and many of their customers are using PHP websites. Besides the classic security controls (OS-level hardening, custom IDS, WAF, …) they searched for a tool to improve the security of PHP. Suhosin is a nice solution but it does not support PHP7. So they decided to write their own tool: Snuffleupagus. They reviewed how to protect PHP with very nice features like the disable_function() feature. Some examples:

sp.disable_function.function(“system”).filename(“foo.php”).allow(); sp.disable_function.function(“system”).filename(“foo.php”).hash(“xxxx”).allow();

You can also restrict parameters passed to functions:

… param(“command”).value_r(“[$|…”).drop();

Then, the speakers demonstrated real vulnerabilities in a well-known tool written in PHP and how their solution could mitigate the vulnerabilities. This is a really nice project still in development but already used by many websites from the Alexa top-ranking list! The project is available here.

After a coffee break, Bouke van Leathem presented his project: “Randori”. In Japanse, Randori is a form of practice in which a designated aikidoka defends against multiple attackers in quick succession. To make it short, it’s the principle of action-reaction: You scan me, I scan you. Randori is a low interaction honeypot with a vengeance as defined by Bouke. The main idea is to reuse the credentials tested by the attackers against themselves. Bouke explained how it developed his honeypot, mainly the pam_randori PAM module. Collected credentials are re-used, no more no less, no code is executed on the remote system. Based on the collected information, Bouke explained in the second part of his talk, how he generated useful statistics to build botnet maps. One of the tools he used for this purpose is ssdeep. Note that the tool can be used in different ways: from an incident responder or ethical hacker perspectives. This project is very interesting and is also available here.

Before the lunch break, we had a keynote. The slot was assigned to Sarah Jamie Lewis and had the title: “Queer Privacy & Building Consensual Systems”. She started with a nice definition of privacy: “Privacy is the right to share information about you… only with people you trust”. Sarah wrote a book (with the same name as her keynote) and used it to illustrate her keynote. She read samples stories about Kath, Ada, Morgan. All those people had privacy issues and have to protect themselves. During the keynote, Sarah looked really affected by those stories but was it the right place to read some samples? I’m not sure. It looks to be a book that you have to read at home, relaxed and not at a security conference (just my $0.02). About privacy, as usual, the facts reviewed during the keynote were the same: our privacy is always threatened and there is a clear lack of solution.

After the lunch, a first lightning talk session was organized followed by Raúl B. Netto’s presentation: “ManaTI: Web Assistance for the Threat Analyst, supported by Domain Similarity”. ManaTI is a project to use machine learning techniques to assist an intuitive threat analyst to help in the discovery of security issues. I missed this talk because I was out with friends.

Then Paul Rascagnères, a regular speaker at hack.lu, came to present tools and techniques to help in debugging malware code written in .Net. This framework is the key component of many Microsoft tools like Powershell. With a nice integration with the operating system, it is also used by bad guys to produce malicious code. Paul started by explained some .Net techniques used by malware (like Assembly.load()). The next part of the talk focused on PYKD, a Python extension for the WinDBG debugger. In a demo, Paul demonstrated how easy it is to use PYKD to debug malicious code.

The next talk was my preferred for this first day: “Device sensors meet the web – a story of sadness and regret” by Lukasz Olejnik. The idea behind this talk was to demonstrate how our privacy can be affected by connected devices or, simply, our browsers. All devices today handle plenty of personal data but web technologies were not designed with privacy in mind. With the modern web, a browser on your smartphone can take advantage of many sensors or connectivity (USB, NFC or Bluetooth). Modern devices have an API that can be queried by web browsers. The first example that Lukasz gave was the batteries. The power level can be queried from a browser. That’s a nice feature indeed but what about privacy issues? Firebox, by abusing the high precision readout can get useful information about the user behaviour. There are also evil scenarios: Just imagine that somebody is looking for a taxi and his /her battery is almost dead. The idea is to go back asap to home. If the taxi reservation page proposes 2 prices: 10€ for a 10 minutes drive and 5€ for a 30 minutes drive, guess which one will be chosen by the customer? Another example, even crazier, was the (ab)use of the light sensor in mobile phones. Lucasz demonstrated how it is possible to steal the browser history via the light sensor: The display emits light that reflects on objects and can be read/decoded. Scary! And other examples are multiple: tracking, behaviour, fingerprinting, etc… How to mitigate this? Not easy, ask permission to the user to access the data, disable the API, purge it from dangerous calls? Finally, Lucasz gave the last example with web payments (in one click) that also have security issues. This was a very nice talk with plenty of examples that should really open our eyes!

After the afternoon coffee break, Maxime Clementz and Antoine Goichot came on stage to present: “Malicious use of Microsoft Local Administrator Password Solution”. The local admin problem is not new with Microsoft operating systems. This account must be present and, within old environments, the password was often the same across all devices in the domain. This makes lateral movement so easy! To solve this issues, Microsoft implemented LAPS or “Local Administrator Password Solution”. How does it work? Random passwords are generated for the local admin. The goal of the talk was to explain how to perform privilege escalation within an environment that has LAPS deployed. In fact, this tools is not new. It was an open source project that was integrated into Microsoft Windows, a client-side extension (CSE). It’s just a DLL called AdmPwd.dll. First observation: the DLL is not signed and does not implement integrity checks. The idea of the PoC was to create a rogue DLL that ignores the temporary password expiration data and write generated passwords in a simple text file. It worked very well. Their recommendation to mitigate this kind of attack: validate the integrity/signature of the DLL.

The next presentation was about cars: “The Bicho: An Advanced Car Backdoor Maker” by Sheila Ayelen Berta. If we see more and more talks about connected cars, this time, it focused on “regular” cars that just have a CAN bus. Sheila explained the tools and hardware that helps to inject commands on a CAN bus. To achieve this, she used a platform called CANspy to sniff messages on a CAN bus. Then, via another tool called “Car Backdoor Maker 1.0”, she was able to generate CAN bus message. Basically, it’s a replay attack. A website has been created to list all CAB messages discovered: opencandb.online. The payload is injected using a microcontroller connected to the CAN bus. It also has GPS capabilities that allow sending the CAN bus message depending on the cat localisation! The payload generator is available here.

Then, we came back to the issues regarding sharing information. Becky Kazansky presented: “Countering Security Threats by Sharing Information: Emerging Civil Society Practices”. I skipped this talk.

Finally, the first day finished with Parth Suhkla who presented “Intel AMT: Using & Abusing the Ghost in the Machine”. The presentation started with an overview of the AMT technology. It means “Active Management Technology” and is an out-of-band, management platform, embedded into Intel chipsets. The goal is to offer remote management capabilities without any OS. You can imagine that this feature looks juicy to attackers! Parth reviewed the core features of AMT and how it works. One important step is the provisioning options (can be performed via a local agent, remotely, via USB or the BIOS). There was already vulnerabilities discovered in AMT like the INTEL-SA-00075 that covered a privilege escalation issue. AMT was also used by the PLATINIUM attacker group who used the Serial Over LAN as a back channel. In the second part, Parth explained his research: how to abuse AMT? The requirements of the attack were:

Control the AMT

Implement persistence

Be stealthy

He reviewed all the possible scenarios with a rating (complex, easy, …). For each attack, if also explained how to mitigate and detect such attacks. Some interesting ideas:

Detect usual AMT ports in the network traffic

Query the ME interface for AMT status (easy on Windows, no tool for Linux)

Verify the book chain

Encrypt disk drives with the TPM chipset

Protect your BIOS (you already did it right?)

The last part covered the forensics investigations related to AMT. Again, an interesting talk.

That’s all for today! Note that talks have been recorded and are already available on Youtube! After our classic “Belgian dinner”, it’s time to take some hours of sleep, tomorrow 12 talks are scheduled! Stay tuned for more wrap-ups!

[The post Hack.lu 2017 Wrap-Up Day 1 has been first published on /dev/random]

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#Hack.lu 2017 Wrap-Up Day 1

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mediafocus-blog1 · 7 years

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Tips for choosing ERP software program

New Post has been published on https://mediafocus.biz/tips-for-choosing-erp-software-program/

Tips for choosing ERP software program

What steps do you’re taking while buying new technology? Whether it’s a personal cell phone or critical business software, the net is usually our first port of call. Even in an exceptional niche region like ERP, most of the people who oversee procurement will begin their basic research online.

Just typing ‘ERP’ into Google produces 563 million effects. From there, it is able to be an assignment to slender down the alternatives whilst faced with products that all appear to have sufficient capabilities and functionality.

In my profession, I have been lucky to work in sectors ranging from finance, banking and IT, to avionics, health, telecoms and electronics. I would love to share some recommendations I have evolved for selecting software program, and the maximum crucial criteria to recall when narrowing down your choice to an attainable shortlist.

Vendor viability and references Assessing the viability of prospective providers is essential. So, your first step ought to be to slim down your focus to a smaller quantity of viable companies. (A proper wide variety could be much less than 20.) From there, you appearance closer at each business enterprise, emphasising its recognition and region expertise. Keelings, as an instance, is a professional in sparkling produce, having grown from that heritage.

Your questions ought to be: how long has the provider been in commercial enterprise, who’s its customers, how reliable is it, and what is the frequency of its launch agenda. Is the seller a boutique SME, or can it supply the organisation features – and integration – you will want?

Support Support is vital in all tiers of a challenge, specifically in an evaluation, assignment making plans, hole analysis, implementation, configuration and post-live software guide phases. As part of the due diligence, an essential piece of data to find is whether the selected dealer’s help team has the sources to reply to requests in reasonable time. That especially applies if you have a selected target said within the agreement. For instance, will there be a renovation rate, or if the provider degree settlement covers decision inside 24 hours for high-precedence problems?

This is sincerely an income verbal exchange – ask them about SLAs with a consumer of a similar length to your very own enterprise. Some companies may additionally publicise how many people they have got in support roles. At Keelings, for example, 25% of our group are in help roles, operating among 7 am and 6 pm. Ascertain if the assist characteristic is onshore, nearshore or offshore. For instance, Keelings gives on-site support during cross-stay, which includes sending a pick group of engineers to support any problems at once and avoid any downtime.

Another point worth checking is what customer support communique channels are available: does the vendor have a portal, an immediate line, or a dedicated factor of contact for any escalation?

Documentation, assist fabric and education Here, we are stepping into touchy competitive detail. Prospective carriers will possibly only offer this on request because it is going through each character of the product, and how to use the utility. Before you reach for the telephone to contact the seller’s help desk, what data does it provide on line thru a portal? That ought to range from person courses or on line help to a know-how base of articles that might clear up the trouble you have got encountered, thru to a service desk characteristic that’s delivered online.

Another object to check is whether or not the vendor will provide user schooling on request, and what type this will be: online or classroom courses, a mixture of the two, and schooling aimed toward distinctive tiers of user sorts together with admin, outstanding user, and stop using.

Underlying generation and future scalability The platform is critical. We have noticed customers in our enterprise, sparkling produce, are moving away from using unique handheld devices connected to docking stations, to the use of trendy cellular gadgets walking an app or gaining access to thru web packages that are delivered via wireless connections in real time.

Will your chosen application restriction the warehouse supervisor to their antique clunky single-use tool, or can they use a tablet simply as effortlessly? Compatibility with cell systems like Android, iOS and Windows Mobile needs to be another bar your dealer wishes to skip.

Quality This category is self-explanatory, but you can inform loads about a vendor’s potentialities by means of its awareness on quality. Does it have a dedicated fine assurance branch with installed QA strategy, policy and mandate? How common is the seller’s primary, minor and patch launch schedule? Instead of getting stuck on fee, awareness on a quality of utility and carrier. A dealer will have the bottom charge and the bottom first-class of labour, too.

The first-class metric will tell you how plenty the software is evolving to the following era and constantly enhancing. Also, check the pleasant of release notes that accompany every update.

Integration Another sign to look at for is how effortlessly the ERP integrates with different applications inclusive of third celebration applications or mainstream packages. Integration with every other 1/3-party software along with an accounting, finance, reporting package, or to move and logistics gear, is a must-have for ERP.

Ask your potential ERP seller for a list of 1/3-birthday celebration packages its device presently integrates with effectively, and get an understanding of how smooth it would be to combine to a device which isn’t currently in the listing. In the clean produce industry, in which Keelings operates, many clients require particular reviews referred to as ASN or advanced shipping notifications.

How the integration happens is every other element to recall. Any ERP device for your shortlist ought a good way to hook up with different applications as needed, whether or not through API, batch or a separate conversation channel among the 2 packages. Will you want to pay a representative or the seller for integration, or will you’ve got to buy a third-celebration API?

Implementation technique The importance of this class in your assessment method will rely upon the way you would really like the implementation to be. Ideally, your selected dealer should be able to provide the choice of a ‘huge bang’ single-segment release or a multi-phased project, relying on your company’s appetite for disruption in its everyday enterprise.

It’s essential to pick a vendor that has laboured within the extraordinary implementation types, so it has allotted sufficient time to check and preparation, and it is aware of what movements are needed and how the release will have an effect on numerous departments. You ought to also ask approximately how that dealer will deal with on-website online help for the pass-stay segment of the challenge.

Technical sophistication, capability, capabilities and simplicity of use If you are buying a large-price tag application like ERP, consumer friendliness is greater than just a nice-to-have attention. How clean is it to install and configure the application as well as to hold it? Ease of use applies to many exceptional sorts of users, consisting of admin, front table, finance, or warehouse, with distinct degrees of IT know-how.

This isn’t just about the interface but about how the product is built; is it in a trendy item-oriented programming (OOP) language? Some providers use their very own precise language and gear, this means that you may be locked into that supplier in case you want to feature any link to a 3rd celebration application or to create custom reviews, and so on. – and you could have to pay for the privilege.

During your due diligence, you have to assume in advance: what’s going to your very own needs be, and the way are they probably to change at some point of the lifetime of the use of the utility?

Costs Check together with your shortlisted suppliers how they’ll rate for the software program. Many software vendors provide different pricing models, which includes supplying simple functions within the initial buy cost, with in additional modules available at the greater price.

Licensing fashions may additionally fluctuate by using supplier. Some will tie the utility to the particular tool; others provide a named user, bendy or concurrent licence no matter the tool. Implementation prices may be extra, or they will be wrapped up within the fee. If you purchase an off-the-shelf package, what is the price of a trade request? This will be a factor of negotiation with the provider: if you need a particular feature right now, there is likely to be an additional price, whereas if that function is part of a deliberate improve cycle, you may get it for no value after waiting for three months.

Training will also be an extra cost: some providers offer a certain percentage of schooling covered within the product charge, but the whole thing over and above that determine is chargeable.

Localisation settings Localisation support in ERP applications is a crucial consideration. Having your neighbourhood language will help your cease customers and will enhance productivity. Major languages which include English, Spanish, French, or German, ought to be supported as part of the package.

A word of warning: a few packages are built on databases that may motive difficulties with localisation that might be wanted if your corporation trades in more than one countries. For instance, whilst translating English to Spanish, decimals alternate from a full stop to a comma. This renders the database shape totally one-of-a-kind. In Keelings Solutions’ case, we help five languages. Ask your selected dealer what languages it supports, and take a look at this in opposition to the markets wherein your commercial enterprise operates.

Do you trust this listing? Are there any other factors that you use to evaluate a major software funding like ERP? I could welcome your comments. Let’s preserve the communique going.

Hamid Akbari is Head of Quality Assurance at Keelings Solutions ERP, a issue of whole ERP software and professional consulting services to the sparkling produce industry.

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courseworkwritingservice1us-blog · 7 years

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Birth order essay

Es pronounce Topic:\n\nThe vastness of the subscribe assemble and its come to on the personality of the tike and its prox.\n\nEs interpret Questions:\n\nWhy is the consume holy launch so of the essence(predicate) for the personality of the squirt? What does the interlocking for provide has to do with the blood localise in unitary bless(prenominal)n family? What do Adler and Toman say ab let on nascency smart set importance?\n\nThesis avouchment:\n\nAdler believed that the line up movement for much(prenominal) differences among siblings is the fight for military group: the propensity to control the stake, the swear to be antithetical, to be individual, to dissent out from the crowd of new(prenominal) tykeren and to express the love of the p atomic number 18nts\n\n \n snap offurition order Essay\n\n circuit card of con ten-spotts:\n\n1. Introduction\n\n2. sustain order importance\n\n1. rootage innate(p) tiddlerren and nonwithstanding boorren\ n\n2. affection innate(p) infantren\n\n3. Last born tikeren\n\n3. Twin electric s foxrren and classify arrangements.\n\n4. Girls and son in incompatible nascence orders.\n\n5. closedown\n\nWhatever your family was, you atomic number 18.\n\nDr. Kevin Leman\n\n1. Introduction\n\n give kindred order is rather fundamental in different cultures in e precise last(predicate) all over the world. In well-nigh cultures the or so preferred mail service was and palliate is the military strength of the number 1born squirt. any(prenominal) cultures consider the gnomishest kid to be the dominant one. It goes without saying that the birth order has a band to do with the further well-disposed circumstance of the newborn. The reasons of this tender status within and outside the family gain a lot of premises. contrasting impersonates of birth order stimulate certain differences betwixt babyren belong to this or that position. These differences altogether pardon why siblings argon not alike. The term siblings is use to depict electric razorren that were born from the same(p) p arnts or in separate linguistic communication tykeren who atomic number 18 brformer(a)s and sisters. The widely disruption word-combination sibling rivalry whitethorn be interpreted as a phenomenon caused directly by the birth order. Alfred Adler was the first gear to say about the meaning of the birth order for the future purport of a electric razor and the differences between the clawren in accordance with their birth order. According to the research of Alfred Adler, who was withal the founder of individual psychology and the second child in his family1, the birth order of a child is the predictor of his future characteristics and peculiarities [Adler, 1998]. Adler believed that the true reason for such(prenominal) differences between siblings is the fight for power: the desire to control the accompaniment, the desire to be different, to be individua l, to sales booth out from the crowd of an opposite(prenominal)wise children and to get the love of the p atomic number 18nts\n\n2. Birth order importance\n\nAs Walter Toman confirms the patterns of behavior and reactions argon precise a lot defined through with(predicate) their birth order and imagine on whether the person was the first, optic, the youngest or the unaccompanied child in the family [Toman, 1993]. all(prenominal) child in his development imitates certain models of behavior. The first-born pass on imitate grown-ups, as they his signifi loafert close persons, who argon the lone(prenominal) participants of his social interactions. The second child gets an opportunity to choose whom to imitate. This is chiefly due to the position that the first children in the family oft actively take part in the process of bringing up young children so can alike become a model. These birth order positions do not simply separate chums and sisters harmonise to their year of birth, however predict the further vitalitystyles of these siblings.\n\n2.a. First-born children and scarce children\n\nThe first child converts the brotherhood of deuce pack into a real family. Ordinarily, the p bents are young and rather inexperienced and sometimes even not piece for the child. Parents listen to dedicate all their free time to their child and to apply as many an(prenominal) educational techniques as it is doable, besides these techniques practically contradict for all(prenominal) one other and it whitethorn root is the constant anxiety of the child. First-borns are genuinely often over-protected, as their nurtures make the studyity of decisions for them. These children are rattling parent-oriented; they destiny to hear expectations of their parents and be fork out as dwarfish adults. A standard situation of the first-born and unless children is when they are in the perfume of caution of the adults [Stein, 2003]. As a way out they are very confident and organized. They are constantly in a use up for parental and social approval and do everything come-at-able to avoid choreatic situations. The first child slow takes responsibility. The notwithstanding child has a occupation sharing anything within his social contacts.\n\nSome children remain the only ones for their consentaneous sprightliness, put some of them at a tailor turn into the eldest child. This position changes some characteristics, because the birth of some other sibling causes trauma for the first-born. The child does not understand why parents do not pay as much fear at him as they used to do before. Being the first to be born he fingers he has the right to have all their attention. First-borns are very determined and become true leaders, as they need to install the adults that they are the best and the first posterior is still by and by them. The eldest child is to a heroicer extent than likely to follow the family traditions and it to a greater extent conservative. If it is a son, they may get their fathers professions.\n\nThe problem of the eldest child is that primitively being the only child in the family he loses all the advantages of this position and as Adler say - power, when the second child is born. So basically, the first-born children go through 2 major(ip) acquaints: the child is the only one in the family and is in a privileged position, than the second child is born and the first-born competes for being dampen. As the result first-borns are emotionally unstable.\n\n2.b. shopping mall born children\n\nThe middle child in the begging of his life is the second child in the family. For this child in that location is unendingly somebody ahead of him. The major goal of the second-born is to overtake the first-born. It is unmistakable that this type of siblings may have problems with self-determination due to the fact that they are at the same time the elder and the junior child. The only exception is when the middle child is the only female childfriend or the only male child in the family. In this eluding they also occupy a superfluous position for their parents. center children combine the qualities of the eldest and the youngest child in the family. These children often have troubles finding their true place, because adults choke up about them, paying special attention to the eldest child (the smart one) and to the youngest child (the lost(p) one). Middle siblings learn how to brood in harmony with everybody, are often friendly, and make friends without difficulties. They do not feel too guilty for their failures as the fist-born children do exactly cope easily with any loss. Middle children are capable of seeing individually aspect of feel from two opposite sides, which results from the ability to live between two other birth order positions and are great negotiators.\n\n2.c. Last-born children\n\nThe last-born child is carefree, pollyannaish and ready to taken psyches protection, care and support. genuinely often he form a baby for his family. He does not have to knock against the richly parental expectations, which the eldest child experiences, because the parents become less(prenominal) demanding to the childs achievements. He has a lot of wad to support him: his parents and his elder brothers or sisters. This exceeding support often spoils this sibling. The major problem the youngest child faces is the lack of self-discipline and difficulties in the sphere of decision-making. The last-born child is often manipulative. He may get offended or try to enchant in order to get what he necessarily. idler these children get plenty of attention they ordinarily do not have troubles in socialization. The last-born child may have ample ambitions.\n\nThe youngest child has two alternatives of developing any relations with the meet enviroment, and especially with his brothers and sisters. He needs either to pretend to b e a baby his whole life, or find a way to overtake the other siblings [Sulloway, 1997]. This type of children is usually very hard to understand, as they take care to completely contradict the other children. They are often very creative.\n\nIt is believed that the parents pull up stakes have a more consequent approaching to the education of their youngest child than to the eldest or the middle child. As a result he becomes emotionally stable. They break rules easily and are often what people call a guerrilla. Last-born siblings usually make other people laugh and need to be in the center of attention. They do not feel uncomfortable when people whole step at them that is why the stage is a perfect place for these children.\n\n3.Twin children and other positions.\n\nFor agree the position of the eldest or youngest child are also very important and depend on the group of children they were born in. For instance, check who have an elder sister or an older brother will behave as the youngest children. If the adults stress that one of the twins was born earlier, than the position of the eldest and the youngest children are divided automatically. fit usually tend to run with each other than with other children and are less adult-oriented. They major problem for twins is the identity operator problem. Twin children experience difficulties in separating from each other.\n\nThe situation when in that location is only one boy in the family changes the meaning of the positions, because the boy gets a special position for being not a female child. In a situation when there are two girls and one boy in the family. No matter what position the only boy occupies he will either ever use all possible ways to institute that he is a man or become effeminate [Leman, 1998]. If there are only boys in the family, the youngest one, being a rebel, and nerve-wracking to be different may also be effeminate. In a situation where there is only one girl among boys in a fam ily the girl gets a lot of protectors. The characteristic reaction to these positions is either very feminine girls or walkaways. If a girl becomes a tomboy she needs to be better than her brothers at to the lowest degree in some activities or material abilities.\n\n4. Girls and boy in different birth orders\n\nThe attitude of the adults towards the land up of the child is of a great importance. The majority of the families prefer sons. The older sister very often takes responsibility for bringing up younger children and takes a part of parental functions. In such a position if the youngest child is a boy than he is the one to get the nimbus and high parental expectations. in that respect is also a high probability that the families that have only girls will continue their attempts to give birth to a son, piece the families with only sons will cut off at a less amount of children.\n\nA very significant factor to signify is that if the age difference between the children, no matter what excite they are, is more than six years, each of the children will have the traits of the only child and some characteristics of the positions he is close to. For instance, the brother that is ten years elder than his little sister will probably remain the only child however will also have the trait of the first-born child. The more the age difference among the siblings is the less is the probability that they will compete.\n\n5. Conclusion\n\nEach child in any family want to attend his individuality, occupy his own place, a place that is designed for him only. Each child needs to emphasize that his is crotchety and there is null else like him. This is the main reason why birth order has such a big importance it explains why children are the whey they are according to what they have to overcome to prove that they are unique. So if a senior child who is estimable and responsible will be set as an framework for the younger one, then the younger child at least f rom the desire to be different will become noisy, mobile and naughty. The birth order does psychologically influence the child. The literature on this topic is wide but it all claims the importance of the birth order for the further life of the child.\n\nAlfred Adler was definitely right to say that the desire to be unique is the major leading take out for children in the family. So parent would be more popular and let the children be boffo in different palm so they do not compete.\n\nIt goes without saying that these birth order regularities are not fatal, but only point out some trends of development of the children depending on their order of birth. Knowing these tendencies will help adults to avoid a lot of undesirable consequences to which the mentioned preceding(prenominal) roles of the children in the family may lead.\n\n1 Alfred Adler is the author of the inferiority complex.If you want to get a sufficient essay, order it on our website: Custom essay writing service. Free essay/order revisions. Essays of any complexity! Courseworks, term papers, research papers. 100% confidential!Homework live help. Custom Essay Order is available 24/7!

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