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#only to reveal that it goes to. not wales. CANADA.

woodfinder8754 · 2 years

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Johannesburg: Villas And Luxurious Homes For Sale Prestigious Properties In Johannesburg

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Safe, tranquil streets and a well-secured neighbourhood might now be what you come house to every single day. A swimming pool, a clubhouse, sports activities amenities, or even a golf course could also be obtainable to residents of an estate, although this isn’t always the case. There is a sure lifestyle that estates typically present; tranquility that's usually accompanied by convenience and luxurious. People who need somewhat extra opulence of their lives will have the power to get it, however so will households who need to increase their kids in an ideal environment. In the center of the horse nation, a lot of the properties here have about a hectare of gorgeous land.

Summer temperatures in Argentina’s capital city are sweltering, which is why many Buenos Aires residents, generally identified as porteños, clear out of the town during January and February. However, those that stay could be discovered sipping café con leche at sidewalk eateries or sharing maté with friends at green spaces across the city. Though summertime is quieter than usual within the sprawling Latin American metropolis, peak porteño culture nonetheless heats up after the sun goes down. Whether you’re in the United States, Canada, or someplace in Europe, if you’re at present anyplace in the Northern Hemisphere, there’s a solid probability that frigid winter temperatures have you craving a sunnier season.

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The imposing buildings are positioned in Pretoria, atop Meintjieskop on the northern end of Arcadia, close to historic Church Square and the Voortrekker Monument. The giant gardens of the Buildings are nestled between Government Avenue, Vermeulen Street East, Church Street, the R104 and Blackwood Street. Fairview Avenue is a closed highway where solely officials can enter to the Union Buildings. Though not in the center of Pretoria the Union Buildings occupy the highest level of Pretoria, and constitute a South African national heritage web site. In recent years, South Africa has been weathering not only issues about political corruption but in addition foreign money devaluation and a rocky economy. And those difficulties have adversely affected local residential actual estate markets, notably within the final 18 months, stated Rupert Finnemore, the regional head of Pam Golding Properties in Gauteng.

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Complete the appliance type as required with relevant details and information about the particulars of the deceased, children of the deceased, surviving or deceased partner of the deceased and applicant. The Voortrekker Monument is positioned estates in johannesburg just south of Pretoria in South Africa. This large granite structure is prominently positioned on a hilltop, and was raised to commemorate the Voortrekkers who left the Cape Colony between 1835 and 1854.

(Like the Keys Art Mile on First Thursdays!) Lots of apartments and young professionals moving in to the area. Close to enterprise district, near the principle shopping mall, and the Gautrain to commute to Pretoria or the airport. Here is a short introduction to the various neighborhoods in Johannesburg that nearly all of expats choose to live. Need a hand to speak all of it through - no drawback let us know what you may be looking for and we will jump on a name to see if we may help you right here. The grid avenue sample in Lower Houghton consists principally of numbered Streets and Avenues on either side of the M1. North–south streets in Upper Houghton are typically named after trees, whereas east–west roads are named after Christian saints.

They combined spices and recipes from their homelands with European influences, producing gentle and aromatic curries, accompanied by saffron rice and tomato-and-onion sambal. For dessert, look no additional than a koe’sister, the city’s coconut-sprinkled doughnut – not to be confused with the Afrikaners’ plaited, syrupy and equally delicious koeksister. Get financial assist to help you study, gain an undergraduate or postgraduate qualification, and provides your self the best opportunities to succeed. Our international scholarship gives future African leaders a possibility to pursue a Post-Graduate Master’s in considered one of our associate UK universities.

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thesimoni-blog1 · 2 years

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Tour of English towns, a small city and two festivals

Since the last blog was published at the beginning of June, Jo and I made ourselves busy preparing our home for being let and spending a week working at Glastonbury (and having a whale of a time). Our true van life started on the 30th July, the day we let our home to a lovely young couple and drove off into the evening (listening to the Women’s Euro Final on the radio as we went).

Our first stopover was at Tintern Abbey, on the border between Wales and England. We stopped at the car park (a free stopover if you buy something at the pub or Abbey shop). It’s only the second time we’ve been there and its stunningly beautiful to be there when the sun goes down and the ruins of the Abbey are illuminated.

The next morning after a quick walk around Chepstow we headed to Malmsbury in Wiltshire to meet our dear friend TC for 2 nights. Also joining us for one night was Wozza, the man we bought Toa, Toa, Toa from, who’d attended the WOMAD festival which finished that morning. We enjoyed pleasant walks and boozy nights on the site. After Wozza and then TC left us, Jo and I decided to stay another night – we liked the site and wanted to go on a bike ride enjoying the relatively quiet country lanes of Wiltshire.

Our next stop took us to what can only be described as a unique site opposite the Aldermaston Weapons Establishment in Berkshire, not far from Reading. The site, as most was found on the search4sites app and had a good rating. On arrival we were immediately surrounded by hens, cockerels, geese, ducks, doves, peacocks and dogs – fortunately the horses had moved to another venue as numbers had outgrown the size of the site. The site was owned and managed by a lovely woman who let a number of caravans to contractors working at Aldermaston and the occasional traveller – it had the feel of a small community which reminded us of the sites we’d visited in New Zealand and Canada (particularly the community firepit).

The next day we moved on to drive around the M25 to spend the night in the car park of the White Hart Inn in Brasted, close to Sevenoaks, to enjoy an evening meal with our son Tom, his girlfriend Vickie and her mother Margret. A pleasant night was had and we moved on the next day to Peasmarsh in East Sussex to attend a family party. We stayed on a small camping ground at the Cock Inn in Peasmarsh, a 10 minutes’ walk from my cousin Mike and his wife Win’s home. We had a lovely night surround by Mike, Win and their son Michael (Inky), my siblings, their husbands and some of their children and many of Mike and Win’s friends. Mike and Win certainly know how to throw a party.

After lunch the next day in Rye we drove to Fairlight, near Hastings to visit my Uncle John and Aunt Sylvie. It was lovely to see them both, the first time in about 5 years. After leaving Fairlight we drove on to the beautiful village of Penshurst in Kent to spend the night in the car park of the Spotted Dog pub. The views from the pub car park and pub garden we stunning and a stroll around the local area and the drive the next morning revealed there were many fine houses there.

The next morning, we shopped at Tonbridge and set off for the Midlands. Driving around Sussex and Kent made us realise that we needed to explore this area a little more – that’s something for next year.

After tackling the M25 again our first stop was a site a few minutes’ walk away from the centre of the town of Thame in Oxfordshire. Another site with free range birds but not as many this time. Having lived in Oxford for 12 months in my 20’s I knew that the towns and villages of Oxfordshire were lovely, but we were both surprised at how lovely Thame was.

We spend a pleasant day wandering around the town before moving onto to another pub stopover at the Fox Inn, in the village of Broadwell, just outside of the town of Stow on the Wold. On our way there we had tried to stop in the beautiful Cotswold town of Burford but couldn’t find anywhere to park our motorhome, so we had to make do with exploring Stow, which is a fine town in itself but not as pretty as Burford. That night we dined in the pub – a really nice meal.

The next morning, we were up early to meet Jo’s sister Gillian, her husband John and grandson Nico on a campground on a fruit farm between Worcester and Pershore.

The site we selected was one of the few in the area that was available on the dates we were meeting up, had a shower and toilet and allowed children, however the reviews stressed that whilst it was a nice site the noise of the road was an issue and for some the state of cleanliness of the shower was also an issue. Gillian and John aren’t seasoned campers and the basic facilities on the site and the road noise caused them some challenges. Nico loved the opportunity to pick fruit constantly.

Whilst on the site we had a couple of days out and about visiting Worcester (a fine city) and Pershore (a pretty Georgian town).

Gillian, John and Nico left us on the Saturday morning and we moved onto spend a couple of nights on an equestrian farm just outside of Malvern Wells. On the Saturday we just relaxed after setting up watching the paragliders flying from the hill above Malvern Wells. On the Sunday we were up early to walk to the summit of the Malvern Hills at Malvern Wells and walk along the ridge line to Malvern itself. On the top of the hills, we had stunning views across the Vale of Evesham and looking west into Wales. The ground looked so dry with many shades of brown and yellow rather than green.

Malvern is a pretty little town and we spent a few hours exploring before walking back to the Stables, at the hottest point of the day.

On the Monday we spent the morning sorting out the van, improving what we’re storing and where we’re storing it and then drove the 90 or so miles to Taunton, where we were having a solar panel fitted to Toa, Toa, Toa the next day. On our way to Taunton, we stopped for a stroll and a shop in Tewkesbury – wow what a beautiful little town with a stunning Abbey.

We arrived at the Cornish Farm site in Taunton in late afternoon. We had been provided with a night’s free camping on the site by the company who were fitting the PV panel, VanBitz. The next morning Toa, Toa, Toa went into the VanBitz garage to have the panel fitted and we walked the few miles into Taunton to explore the town, following the heritage trail, browsing the shops and having a spot of lunch.

We returned to VanBitz at the end of the day to collect Toa, Toa, Toa and then drove onto Ottery St. Mary – spending the night on a small site on a farm. Later the following day, after a leisurely day which included a stroll into Ottery St Mary, we drove onto the Beautiful Days festival site and set up in preparation to work three shifts for the Otter Brewery, in exchange for entry into the festival.

We thoroughly enjoyed Beautiful Days. Whilst the music wasn’t particularly up our street, we saw some great bands (particular highlights being Bob Vylan and the Dandy Warhols) and watched an enjoyable comedy play. We both thought the festival was really friendly, the setting was lovely, the work fun and we made some more festival friends. So, we’ll be back next year.

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gstqaobc · 3 years

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FROM THE MONARCHIST LEAGUE OF CANADA 🇨🇦 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻

SPECIAL ROYAL ROUNDUP: MARCH 1, 2021 The Duke of Edinburgh’s “underlying heart condition” Chairman Finch writes: “I know that League members, and people throughout the Commonwealth, will be keeping Prince Philip in their prayers and thoughts today, and upholding in their hearts The Queen and all the Royal Family.” From The Daily Telegraph Prince Philip health update: Duke of Edinburgh transferred to second hospital in ambulance The Duke, 99, was taken from King Edward VII’s Hospital to St Bartholomew’s Hospital by Victoria Ward and and Gareth Davies, Breaking News Editor, March 1, 2021 The Duke of Edinburgh has been transferred to another hospital by ambulance where he will undergo tests for an underlying heart condition, Buckingham Palace has announced. Prince Philip, 99, was taken from King Edward VII’s Hospital to St Bartholomew’s Hospital at 11.15am on Monday morning. Buckngham Palace said doctors would continue to treat him for an infection but would also “undertake testing and observation for a pre-existing heart condition. The Duke remains comfortable and is responding to treatment but is expected to remain in hospital until at least the end of the week,” it said. The Duke was carefully shielded as he left the private King Edward VII hospital in Central London. Large umbrellas were used as a protective screen as he was transferred into a waiting ambulance. The palace did not immediately confirm he had left, and is thought to have wanted to wait until he had arrived at St Bartholomew’s before making the announcement. The Duke was admitted to the private hospital in central London, on February 16 for "rest and observation" after feeling unwell. He was initially expected to be discharged after a few days but this was extended significantly as the palace revealed he was being treated for an infection. Throughout his stay, the Duke only had one royal visitor - the Prince of Wales, who spent around 30 minutes at his bedside on February 20, when he is believed to have updated his father on developments concerning the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. The Prince appeared tearful when he left....

GSTQAOBC 🇨🇦🇬🇧🇦🇺🇳🇿 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻FOR HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE PHILIP THE DUKE OF ENGLAND AND IT GOES WITHOUT SAYING FOR HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN AS WELL🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻

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ofthreechords · 4 years

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cadel + theron: swtor & the secret world crossover/au concept

Deleted my last post about this because I didn’t like it. Going to try again.

This is a thought that’s been in my mind for the last few weeks for no reason other than that I find it fun to imagine. What if my SWTOR character Cadel Browydr and his love interest Theron Shan were in the universe of The Secret World? (See here for more info on Cadel and Theron)

For those unfamiliar with The Secret World, it’s an urban fantasy MMO. Its setting is our modern-day Earth under attack from occult forces. There is magic, mythical creatures, and secret societies pulling the strings and controlling the world. Among these secret societies are the Templars, the Dragon, and the Illuminati.

All of these thoughts are my own and I’m not dictating what someone else’s SWTOR + The Secret World crossover should look like. I’m just writing my thoughts down so that I can keep track of them. This whole thing is hideously self-indulgent, so be warned.

tl;dr: This is how I’d do it -- Theron comes from Los Angeles, California, and was force-recruited into the Illuminati after graduating from university. Cadel was born in Ottawa, Ontario, into a Templar-affiliated family that taught him traditional Templar values growing up. Details under the cut.

-- ILLUMINATI AGENT: THERON SHAN --

Theron was born in Los Angeles, California. His parents, Jace and Satele, divorced when he was very young. They had joint custody of him, but Theron lived mainly with his mother, only being sent to his father’s when his mother had to travel for work. His mother worked in disaster relief and his father was a businessman. Theron didn’t really bond with either of his parents growing up. His mother was firm and disciplinary, and his father was very busy with work, so neither of them really gave Theron the love and support he needed. He grew up rather lonely, though he discovered a talent for music -- this became his “escape”, teaching himself piano and guitar and writing short songs on occasion. He shared his music only rarely with his peers, and never with his parents. It wasn’t until his teenage years when Theron and his father started to grow closer, and they gained some semblance of an ordinary father-son relationship. His mother started to travel for work more often, and so he saw her less. Jace learned of his son’s musical talent, and while he was supportive of it at first, he convinced Theron that he wouldn’t make a good living as a musician. Theron went to study business in university, with his father paying for all of his courses. He proved himself to be a bright student, and even his mother became proud of him -- however, she could not attend Theron’s graduation ceremony due to her work. After the ceremony, Gaia sent a bee for Theron to swallow, and part of the auditorium was destroyed in the following explosion. Soon afterwards, a group of Illuminati revealed themselves to Theron, and Jace revealed himself as a member. They covered up the incident, paid the university a large sum of money to silence them, and sent Theron to the Illuminati Labyrinth in New York. Suddenly plunged into the secret world, Theron had to rapidly learn about the existence of magic and mythical creatures and the secret organizations controlling the world. He learned how to control his newfound powers, preferring anima-infused firearms over magic. During his time training, Jace informed Theron that Satele had been missing since his graduation ceremony. This came as a shock to them both, as Jace had never known about Satele’s involvement in the secret world. He does not know where she is, but he suspects she is with the Dragon. Theron makes a living as a field agent for the Illuminati, but he disapproves of their lack of ethics, cheating others and their own people to make money and get ahead. Jace agrees with him only partially, but he argues that the Illuminati have power and they get results. Theron wishes to return to his old life in Los Angeles, but he has a feeling that his mother is here somewhere in the secret world, and he wants to find her.

-- TEMPLAR MAGUS: CADEL BROWYDR --

The Templar-affiliated Browydr family is a large and privileged family that has its roots in Cardiff, Wales, though a portion of them live in Ottawa, Ontario, and that is where Cadel was born. Growing up, many of Cadel’s summers were spent in Wales, learning about magic like everyone else in his family. In Canada, he helped his family oversee secret world activity in the area while maintaining an ordinary appearance to the mundane world -- going to school, being part of the community, et cetera. Though potion-brewing was not one of Cadel’s strong suits, cooking and baking definitely were, and they were his main hobbies throughout his childhood. Cadel expressed dreams of becoming a chef, but his parents told him that he was a Templar, first and foremost. They taught him traditional Templar values -- to fight evil and to protect the world -- and Cadel learned to embrace them. Like the rest of his family, he became fiercely loyal to the Templars, aspiring to become a Templar Knight one day, stamping out evil wherever it may lurk. He was a “golden boy” all around, even to the mundane world -- earning good grades in school, participating in sports, and being a role model to his peers. As he grew into adulthood, he started started to reflect on his childhood passion towards food, and how his parents had discouraged him from that. He still cooked on a regular basis, but he didn’t feel the same passion as he did before. He also began to question the Templar values he’d been taught -- thinking they may be too extreme or too black-and-white -- which led to disagreements with his family. Cadel ended up feeling lost, not knowing what to do with his life. He went to college and took courses in various fields like English, philosophy, and history, and while he enjoyed learning in those fields, he didn’t feel as if they were what he wanted to do with his life. Before he was able to complete a degree, Gaia sent a bee for Cadel to swallow. His family sent him to Temple Hall in London, where he learned to use his new powers, and he became proficient in many different types of magic. He favours Blood Magic and Chaos Magic in particular, and has discovered abilities in thaumaturgy. His magical prowess has earned him the respect of many other Templars, and Temple Hall has awarded him the title of Magus. Since he started working in the field, Cadel has found that what makes him happiest is work where he helps out people in need. This is consistent with one of the values his parents had taught him -- to protect those who cannot protect themselves -- but Cadel remains somewhat critical of other values the Templars uphold. To this day, he remains relatively silent about these criticisms.

-- CADEL & THERON --

(If you’re still reading this and you’ve made it this far, I respect you. I also warn you that this following section is the most self-indulgent thing ever.)

Cadel and Theron’s respective factions had them assigned to Solomon Island to rescue survivors and cull the Filth infestation, and that is where the two met. They became friends fairly quickly, and there was physical attraction between the two, but the Templars and Illuminati are old enemies, and this discouraged them from starting a romantic relationship. They kept in contact, but they didn’t meet again until months later -- when they were both assigned to Egypt to root out the Cult of Aten. During their downtime, they went to a cafe and shared stories, bonding and growing closer. They eventually confessed to each other and agreed to start a relationship, but they kept it secret from their respective handlers. From then on, working together became a rarity, but they kept their relationship stable, going on dates all over the world and strengthening their bond. Eventually they stopped being so secret about it, and thankfully, their handlers didn’t seem to care -- so long as it didn’t get in the way of their work. This led to Theron and Cadel discussing their criticisms of their respective factions with each other, and Cadel suggested joining the Council of Venice. It’s in a neutral position between the Templars, Illuminati, and Dragon, and it may enable the two to do more work helping the world and giving aid to people who need it. Months passed, and they worked and advanced through the ranks of their respective factions, and they got the attention of the Council of Venice. Some time later, they both joined. This was seen as an act of abandonment by Theron’s father and Cadel’s family. This surprised neither Theron nor Cadel, but they remained firm in their decision. They both wanted to work in an organization that aligned with their morals. Eventually Cadel’s family warmed up to the change, though Jace cut off all contact with Theron. This made Theron depressed for a bit, but Cadel was endlessly supportive of him. Working for the Council was not all the two had hoped it would be -- it was and still is slow and inefficient, but Cadel and Theron were still doing work that they enjoyed. Cadel’s family began to accept his and Theron’s relationship, and Theron took this as confirmation -- he and Cadel were made for each other. Theron proposed, and they eventually got married, with all of their friends and Cadel’s family at the wedding. They had invited Jace, too, but unfortunately he did not come. To this day, the two still work for the Council and are still in love. Theron goes crazy for Cadel’s cooking, and Cadel helps Theron re-kindle his passion for music. Theron knows that his mother is still out there, and he intends to find her. Cadel intends to help him.

#my swtor #theron shan #cadel browydr #crossover #au #alternate universe #swtor #star wars: the old republic #the secret world

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newstfionline · 4 years

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Headlines

Marine Corps changes strategy (Wall Street Journal) The Marine Corps is undertaking its most sweeping transformation in decades, pivoting from a focus on fighting insurgents in the Middle East to developing the ability to hop from island to island in the western Pacific to bottle up the Chinese fleet. The 10-year plan to revamp the Corps, scheduled to be unveiled this week, follows years of classified U.S. wargames that revealed China’s missile and naval forces to be eroding American military advantages in the region. “China, in terms of military capability, is the pacing threat,” Gen. David Berger, the Marine Corps commandant, said in an interview. “If we did nothing, we would be passed.”

Tooth fairy exempt from Argentina lockdown (Foreign Policy) Argentina’s president has confirmed that although strict measures are in place as the country goes into lockdown, the tooth fairy will still be allowed to roam freely. Responding to a mother on Twitter whose son had just lost his first tooth, President Alberto Fernandez wrote “The tooth fairy can leave rewards for fallen teeth because he is not under quarantine. But the rest of us are…Joaquin should leave the tooth beneath his pillow and enjoy the prize.”

Jury trials suspended in England over coronavirus (Reuters) The head of the judiciary in England and Wales on Monday ordered all jury trials to be suspended to allow new systems to be brought in to cope with government instructions for Britons to avoid unnecessary contact to prevent spreading coronavirus.

As coronavirus surges, a frantic Europe scrambles for hospital beds, ventilators, supplies (Washington Post) A team of firefighters and volunteers turned a 15,000-square-foot hall in a convention center in Vienna into an 880-bed coronavirus hospital over the course of a weekend. Soldiers in Germany, France and Spain have been deployed to help build similar temporary facilities for thousands of patients. Across Europe, tens of thousands of nurses and doctors are being graduated early or called back from retirement. As coronavirus cases surge in the biggest infectious disease crisis to hit European hospitals in a century, officials and health-care workers are scrambling to keep national health systems above water. But countries are competing against one another for medical supplies on an international market that has been sucked dry. To address shortages, Spanish clothes manufacturers are turning their lines to making medical masks, and Parisian perfumers are producing hand sanitizer in an effort that harks back to wartime.

Russia’s Italy aid (Foreign Policy) Russia’s defense ministry said it would send eight mobile medic brigades, special disinfection vehicles, and other medical equipment to Italy under a direct order from President Vladimir Putin. Russia has reported only 306 cases of the coronavirus so far, with one death.

New Delhi on lockdown, and trains are halted (Foreign Policy) New Delhi’s 21 million residents will be placed under lockdown until March 31 as India seeks to confront the coronavirus. On Sunday, Indians observed a “janata” curfew, or people’s curfew, as Indians were encouraged to stay at home until 9 p.m. Although the country has only registered 341 cases of coronavirus so far, experts say that low number could be due to lack of testing. India also halted its train network, the country’s lifeblood.

Chinese attitudes shift as a result of coronavirus: survey (Reuters) The coronavirus outbreak has led to a shift in attitudes in China, with less tolerance of individualistic behavior and a greater tendency to recognize the contributions of others, according to a survey conducted during the epidemic.

Olympics in the balance (Reuters) After Canada and Australia confirmed they would not send athletes to the Tokyo Olympics if it went ahead this year, other nations are now going public with calls for a delay. Poland said it was impossible in the current situation for athletes to train properly, and Ireland’s Olympics chief has suggested next year is now a more viable time slot. That came as Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe acknowledged for the first time the Games may need to be postponed if they could not be held in their “complete form”.

Autocrats and the coronavirus (NYT) Crisis management, like war, is politics by other means. The most glaring example of this right now may be in Israel. Last week, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu had a pliant Justice Ministry postpone his arraignment on corruption charges, while coronavirus-induced paralysis has stalled the formation of Israel’s new government after elections this month. The absence of a functional government has prevented the country’s newly elected parliament from pushing through legislation that could prevent an indicted politician like him from becoming prime minister. Meanwhile, Netanyahu is playing up his role as commander in chief, staging daily national security briefings alongside allies. “If Trump’s aim is to rally his voters for the upcoming election, Netanyahu’s is to make opposition voters forget the results of the previous one,” wrote Bernard Avishai in the New Yorker. Talks to forge a unity government have so far stalled. The prime minister and his colleagues “have shut down parliament, enacted extreme ‘security’ measures without legislative oversight and shelved the courts just as Netanyahu was about to go on trial for corruption,” wrote Israeli commentator Gershom Gorenberg for The Washington Post. “I don’t use the word ‘coup’ lightly. But any weaker description of Netanyahu’s assault on Israeli democracy is a refusal to absorb and report the truth.”

An illiberal ally of the Israeli leader, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban, is also exercising new coronavirus-enabled powers. After spending days linking the contagion to illegal migration, Orban and his nationalist government extended an emergency law with new provisions that could potentially be used to criminalize critical press. “Orban would be allowed to announce steps to contain the pandemic via decrees until the government no longer sees it as necessary, according to the draft legislation published on the parliament website late Friday,” noted Bloomberg News. Critics warned that this was just the latest subversion in Orban’s decade-long takeover of the country’s democratic system. “Step by step, the governing majority extinguished the professional, organizational, and financial autonomy of public institutions, while putting such control mechanisms in place that ensure the prime minister’s decision making power in all significant policy areas,” wrote David Vig, director of Amnesty International in Hungary.

And the United States isn’t immune, either. President Trump’s Department of Justice is reportedly seeking expanded emergency powers, including provisions for judges to have the power to detain people indefinitely. It’s unlikely to be accepted by Congress.

#headlines #news

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fortheheavenssake · 5 years

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PG MM Anon Interpretation Collection- 10

65: Sept. 20

💜💜🙏🏻🙏🏻PG INTERPRETATION OF MM ANON🙏🏻🙏🏻💜💜

💜💜💜🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻THANK YOU MM ANON HAVE AN AWESOME WEEKEND 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻💜💜💜

MM Anon

MM ANON … it’s a bird’ it’s a private plane ‘ it’s an Archificial!!!!!…… Canada why?…… three weddings and a numeral …… an unnecessary company …… not buying the lying ……” Rome , Bloody Rome!!”…………” one makes ones bed Philip”…… tabloids ‘ mud sticks, it’s official!!…… hated ‘ not rated …… This spotty leopard is def!! …… “ To boldly go……… “

it’s a bird’ it’s a private plane ‘ it’s an Archificial!!!!!

It’s Superman!!! Was the original third part. The ever elusive doll baby with magic powers to change size, hair colour, eyes, eyelashes etc etc all while wearing a Christening gown🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂 Again MM ANON are you confirming this? Private planes have been used because as we all know, there is no baby in her care, it’s always been a doll, and/or actors getting on/off private planes and or going to their local. For some reason EJ and ED are lying! Allegedly.

Canada why?

Canada Dry🤣🤣🤣😂😂MM ANON are you teasing me because l didn’t know that rare song🤣🤣😂😂? Seriously, l wonder if this is about Cameron Ortis and enquiring why Canada’s issue occurred and who was given what information.

three weddings and a numeral

Movie Three Weddings and a Funeral. Interestingly the write Richard Curtis is working with Catherine DOC , a new mental health initiative. It was in the paper the other day, if l recall there was a suicide he experienced, sibling? I cannot recall exactly. So Three weddings and a numeral. Let’s review what a numeral is, its a figure, symbol, or group of these denoting a number. MM ANON are you affirming something for us? Oh pretty please!!

Madam alleged annulled 1st marriage, divorced second and PH was the golden door number three, let’s make a deal, who remembers that game show? Does numeral represent a part of the law which denotes annulment and was it done legally? We know the divorce was legal because TE has remarried or is engaged. Oh my stars, are we getting affirmation?l have said awhile now why did PH hold the book when he was ‘signing’ the register after the wedding ceremony, he held the book so the camera couldn’t see it. Oh this clue has me buzzing! I know it’s can’t be III. Roman numeral three for three weddings they have attended as a married couple, the horrible blue and white dress, Princess Eugenie and Jack B and now MN?

an unnecessary company

Is this the Sussex Foundation? They could have worked as a team with the Cambridges but her jealousy and craving of $$$$$££££££££€€€€€ far supersedes any philanthropic or truly real humanitarianism.

not buying the lying

No one is believing anything she says or does except sugars and celebrities who share management or SS PR.

” Rome , Bloody Rome!!”

Again PP, disgust continues to rile his anger. Raging at yet another trip, how many flights is this now in six weeks or so? If they are all true it must be close to ten. He is a strong man, served his country for decade upon decade, to see this madam, l cannot imagine his blood pressure!

” one makes ones bed Philip”

HMTQ and PP , or maybe LG, the phrase you made your bed, now lie on it. This means your life choices have consequences and you have to deal with them The speaking if first person here, in a manner, leads me to believe this is HMTQ talking to her husband and the incredible burden of a booty call turning into this horrendous mess and PH playing his role, in his due to HMTQ, his grandmother is him having to deal with his poor choice. We still love and pray for him, as do his family. It must be desperately hard to watch him , but it will all be worth it, once justice is served, and make no mistake, it may not be tomorrow or next week, it will come! My word for madam, she will not understand this but Ask not for whom the bell tolls, for it tolls for the.

tabloids ‘ mud sticks, it’s official!!

Monster Meghan nanny tells all, TMZ shows fake photos of pub visit days and days after it allegedly happened, the pub owners denied they were there, the meta data on the photo said it was taken September 17,2019. More and more in the tabloids both paper and online tabloids, the truth is coming out and people are believing it more and more thus the term the mud sticks. MM ANON, the other riddle you used ‘ stick and stones’may break my bones, but names will never hurt me. I added the rest, after the part she mentioned. So in this case, the ‘names’ which in fact is truth are most definitely hurting her already bad reputation. Way to go SS!! You’re really earning your $$$$£££££€€€€! NOT !😂😂😂😂🤣

hated ‘ not rated

If one goes by social media et al, she doesn’t rate as a royal, but oh my the level of absolute disgust, anger, has built into hatred. Rightfully so, she blew in, rather flew in on her 🧹, paid backers. Manipulated a marriage, a ‘fauxmegnancy’, wastage of money on an epic scale, disrespecting the British and Commonwealth every step of the way. Trying to Americanize the Royal family and the biggest of all is the complete vile disrespect to HMTQ. To me, all the misdeeds, ? maybe illegal, those are all left for LG to manage. The thing of HMTQ at this stage of her Reign and her life, to be so utterly disrespected, repeatedly is utter gall. Yet another major reason she is hated so much by so many!

This spotty leopard is def!!

Def Leopard…awesome band and takes me back to hockey games music and after parties. She is def, not physically def,but tone def in an abstract meaning. She doesn’t accept any opinion except her own. Any questions she immediately cries troll, racist, hater, a plethora of descriptors. I still cannot believe all the time twitter was going last night either in Italy or as leaving to go there. Who cares if l or others misread the riddle. I am not embarrassed to acknowledge l misread something! Hey this is for fun, if it angers or irritates someone, perhaps reset this or take a break. In saying that, l work very hard in processing what the options are that a clue may mean and then writing it, in a manner that is as clear and concise as l can do.

“ To boldly go……… “.

To boldly go where no man, since changed to no one , has gone before, from the opening of Star Trek episodes. So madam has boldly gone to Rome sans archficial, and the Africa trip is pending shortly. Wonder why the journalists flight to Capetown has been cancelled?? She sees herself as the worlds answer to anything and l am sure she will display her narcissistic brilliantly while there. Oh this is going to be fun to watch!

As an aside, the HMS PRINCE OF WALES was taken out of drydock in Forsyth, Scotland. Some interiors are still being constructed. This is a massive beast of a sea faring ship. Check it out!

GSTQAOBC 🇨🇦

Wow! How do you do this dear PG! You take so little and turn out a masterpiece! So impressive, thank you so much! As always, greatly appreciated! Thank you!😃💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜

Ask Skippy submission

Sep 20th, 2019

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66: sept. 21

💜💜💜🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻THANK YOU MM ANON🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻💜💜💜

MM Anon

skippyv20

MM ANON …The wedding r/deception … the bigger picture …… easy does it! but do it…… weasel words …… not an option …… a collection of miss-fits…… heads or tails?……… home alone 7…… A sensible emptiness …… “don’t forget to wind the clock”……… no public appearances …… a good WHO-done

The wedding r/deception

So, this variety of people gather for big wedding number two in less than five years for the same bride,,different groom. It looked like a political conference with the level of security and who was there. Why did they attend, as far as l know the paper said they weren’t part of the evening prepared, l didn’t see them there in the photos from that evening. They were at the wedding, why? If you’re all close friends why not go to the fun bit and socialize, have a few drinks and a dance. I’ll tell you why BECAUSE THEYRE NOT A COUPLE THATS TOGETHER, it’s a charade. There must have been some reason they went, especially l enjoyed the cheeky photo of Harry where he SOUGHT out the camera and grinned. That told this girl all l need to know. Something was up, and we may never know what the agenda was but something was up!

the bigger picture

When one says look at the bigger picture here, it means take a step back from your situation, look at pros, cons, what you have invested into the issue and make the best decision that way. Here l think it’s literal, look at the whole picture, who was at that we’d and why. I have no answers but l think that’s one option.

I also think this is PH, going to the wedding was one small part of his time with mm, MM ANON is telling us don’t yippity yap about who was wrong or right about them going to the wedding or not. I admit it freely, l completely misread the clue about the wedding. Am l still lived?🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂😂💜💜💜💜💜 l hope so😊. Seriously now, look at the big picture who set him up, what’s happened since then and so forth. I feel we need to continue to brain storm and put forth opinions here, this is fascinating and sometimes what we have talked about is in the paper the next day and l think wow! So let’s keep our eye on the prize and on the bigger picture!

easy does it! but do it

Slow progress in extraction from this sordid tale. Many many things have changed and been revealed l he is back to being called PH in the media no more DUKE🤣🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂😂😂. There is so much negative PR it’s incredible and SS has only made things worse. So easy do it with the extraction but DO IT ! HMTQ and LG have this. The thing l fear presently is that speech she is going to give shortly after landing.

weasel words

Weasel words are words or statements that are intentionally ambiguous or misleading AKA word salad. That’s how she speaks, gobble de gook , just all kind awesome kind, yet kind but also awesomely kind, but kind of awesome, yet kindly kind. You get it, you know it. As l said , my massive fear is that first speech with the domestic murder rate off the charts, she goes in there yammering like that, there is serious damage that she could do. This is no joke, l worry about this. She on the other hand thinks she’s so awesomely kind that her speeches save the world and just her presence there will make things all better especially if she uses a darker bronzer!

not an option

Giving up is not an option. There were years invested into planning this and years have been invested into investigations. This must be allowed to play on as long as it needs to. They cannot afford to not pull out and follow every piece of yarn they unravel, this is too internationally important to just give up now. The general public is angry both at home and the a Commonwealth, its an incredible game being played but we have God , HMTQ and LG and PW and PH on ours! Let’s remember to keep them in prayer 🙏🏻💜🙏🏻.

a collection of miss-fits

Well l could say the stolen name SmartSets was a collection of things that fit a very select few and a bag, that cost more than the clothes that the fit on was terrible. The trousers she woke had a big bit of extra fabric right in the front lower area yikes! I do think, the almost inbred crew that was at that Italian wedding was a bunch of misfits. I am not judging but my reading tells me, her first marriage took place in Venice and was a massive affair, that marriage didn’t last three yearsish. Here we have a massive affair in Rome, l don’t get this flaunting of wealth. I just do not get it. The guest list, why are the Kushners, be it Jared or Josh always at any event? The connections in that guest list that was posted in the paper again reminded me of a genealogical family tree. This all so bizarre. Has she grafted her way into money as well? They keep saying she’s a fashion designer, l keep myself pretty in the know of stuff like that because it interesting to me. Before mm, l had NEVER heard of mn and her stupid white shirt. That’s her big contribution to fashion a white shirt? Okay then…..moving swiftly along…….

heads or tails?

Flip a coin, choose a side, you win or lose the bet.

home alone 7

Home Alone aaaaahhhhh Kevin!!! Love it, the sequels not the same. Is this now, the trio to Italy, the 7th time archficial has left left alone by his ‘parents’. Well yes l sure Nannyficial has things all in hand, in fact maybe they will Nannyficial to take care of Archficial in SA??

A sensible emptiness

Emptiness can mean a human condition is a sense of generalized boredom, social alienation and apathy, which means a

lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.

Sensible can be a statement or course of action chosen bearing in mind wisdom and prudence, and is likely to be of benefit. It can also be something that is practical and functional rather than decorative. Well we know mm is not the latter definition of sensible. So sensible emptiness, PH has made a life changing, mane lives actually, decision that night at soho, and here we are today. I truly believe this description of sensible emptiness could apply to him, HMTQ, those who live both, their families and all of us who are loyal to the Crown and love our royals. We know justice has to be brought to bare or is it bear, you know what l mean. So these feelings we talk about with our 💜🐼💜 and we share here are normal. We need to pray for justice seekers and truth seekers in all forms, they are doing Gods work.

“don’t forget to wind the clock”

Old clocks need winding to keep them running. To wind somebody up means to get them excited in a good or bad way. I think this means quite literal don’t forget to take care of yourself, PH, sleep, exercise, eat well, check your emotions with those you love, do what you need to do to stay fit (and oh is he fit,😁) so as the clock needs to be wound to function well, these things are essential to him being able to function well.

no public appearances

Amw will stay MIA, this is stupid ridiculous, but the lie has to continue. There has to be a reason and we must pray for PH , HMTQ and LG. Especially PH, he will have to maintain his composure. How they are going to keep this lie going l don’t know but l read they are taking 12 staff, that is NOT counting RPOS!!

a good WHO-done it.

This clue has a double meaning. It can mean a really good storyline in a book or film or tv really, that doesn’t tell us straight away who the criminal is but lays clues to figure it out….kinda like your riddles MM ANON. WHO is the World Health Organization. I don’t know if anybody noted the article l put on my blog last night or read it in the paper/saw or heard it on the news, this is a run on sentence for the ages, my goodness! There has been a spate of relationship homicide in SA, with 30 women being murdered in the last month alone. There has been a dramatic rise in statistics of violence. The WHO commenting means this is a severe issue needing addressing! With great dread do l await madams first speech shortly after they land, where she will speak on the topic of violence against women. This is a very dangerous decision with a lot of potential blowback!

GSTQAOBC 🇨🇦

Wow! Amazing….so appreciate this dear PG! Things are getting interesting now! Thank you so much!😃💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜

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67: Sept. 22

💜💜🙏🏻🙏🏻THANK YOU MM ANON🙏🏻🙏🏻💜💜

I have had a massive increase in my sciatic pain, that’s been building since flu last week, today was brutal. But better now so l thought l would give the riddle a go. Please continue praying for me, l really am in need of it. Lots of love and gratitude 💜💜🙏🏻🙏🏻PG🙏🏻🙏🏻💜💜

MM Anon

MM ANON … Azurelee Drive…… “ we are interested” … … between 6 and 10……🎼 California scheming 🎼……((wedding gems…… “ SA ‘just a fuc#@g nuisance”…… “£uck the press, we can do anything I want”…… “ I don’t lie, I embellish”))……” is on our watch list “……… “HEADS ‘ I win”…… a draconian solution … “when The devil drives”. 🎼 “over and over and over again my friend”🎼………(🤫🤫🤭💎💎💎💎👩🏽‍💻👷🏿‍♂️👷🏿‍♂️👷🏿‍♂️👷🏿‍♂️ when in Rome!!!!)

Azurelee Drive

Azure is the bluest of blues it is a gorgeous colour. As l suspected, Azurelee Drive is in Malibu, another clue to reenforce her long term plan is Malibu. Are there any prisons with an ocean view in Malibu? Maybe someone could let me know if there are, l am serious!

“ we are interested”

Again with the first person royal”we”. HMTQ is very interested in what’s going on. I think we are nearing some sort of climax with this trip. I have said this before, l trustmyngut, l have a very strong feeling something is going to happen. Perhaps the reason they flew to the wedding for such a short time, hardly worth it, was for her to use someone else’s computer to engage in a blood diamond deal? Again does she not get she is being monitored? Obviously not!

between 6 and 10

7, 8, 9, are between 6 and 10 literally. But l think this is the amount of time they spent at the wedding. They weren’t part of the party the night before, the next day wedding breakfast or the second night party the night after the wedding. Wow besties eh? Isn’t it awesome to have such great best friends?🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂

🎼 California scheming 🎼

This is a play on the song California dreaming, MM ANON has used this before, so it’s reenforcing for her plan to live there after all this is over. Yes perhaps in a dark cement building! Her plan, get all the $$$$€€€££££££ she can, set up her blog again and divorce rebuilding her life in Malibu was the last place l read was the mansion search. She is scheming her way into the marriage, during the ,arriage, out of the marriage and after the marriage

((wedding gems…… “ SA ‘just a fuc#@g nuisance”…… “£uck the press, we can do anything I want”…… “ I don’t lie, I embellish”))

Gems has an obvious meaning, which is also involved in this riddle.Gems can also be snippets like best song on an album etc. These are the gems of conversration/comments she made the night of the wedding. She really is stupid, has no filter and no judgement whatsoever!

” is on our watch list “

Of course, with the international security issues at , her past involvement with many, many individuals of dubious character during her yachting decades, and the current work LG has been doing l am certain she is on a watch list. Here l assume everyone knows what a watch list is, a person, or persons, group, or items requiring close surveillance, most usually for legal or political reasons.

“HEADS ‘ I win”

We had heads or tails yesterday. HEADS all caps, what’s the meaning? Who has HEADS and is the winner? I found one definition but nothing in all caps, heads a shouted warning that something is falling from above one’s head.

a draconian solution

We had a case, few years ago where l live, they wanted to build a casino in part of a local pub. Our city had a by-law preventing gambling and alcohol on sale in the same establishment. I can still see AND hear the owner when he was interviewed on the news about how Draconian our laws were. The definition of draconian is of laws or their application) excessively harsh and severe. I might add old law not updated. Many many places have old laws in the books that are never used anymore but still would be enforceable because they still exist as binding law. So LG and his team may have found just such a law or set of laws that they believe fit this situation and can be utilized to the benefit of the Crown. Oh please, please pretty please, let this be so!!

“when The devil drives”.

There is a novel by Scottish write Chris Brookmyre, with this same title. A dual plot, one a Shakespearean play being performed outdoors and a sniper kills someone, second plot a terminally ill woman wants to find her missing sister. The first is obvious, we don’t want that but security will be very tight on the tour l am certain. The second plot, are we being told there is a sister that is missing and still being searched out? Or is this nothing to do with the novel and the obvious meaning, once you’re riding with the devil nothing good and only reviled happens. I am inclined to think maybe a bit of both.

🎼 “over and over and over again my friend”🎼

This song has been performed and covered by many. The endless ways one tried to do things to be loved and keep someone happy. This is PH over and over and over,he is publicly acting this out, the loving supportive husband and “anything Meghan wants Meghan gets”. He has done such a great job and this has resulted in him taking lots and lots of media heat!

(🤫🤫🤭💎💎💎💎👩🏽‍💻👷🏿‍♂️👷🏿‍♂️👷🏿‍♂️👷🏿‍♂️ when in Rome!!!!)

Blood diamonds! We have had this in a previous riddle. Shhh, diamond, laptop, four workers with hard hats of colour. Did she order, or pick up her diamonds??. Or sell some??? I suspected from an earlier riddle blood diamonds were on the table for her, here l have confirmation . I am thinking with the use of laptop she communicated the deal and will pick up in Africa. Oh kids, this is getting good. HANDCUFFS CLANG CLANG,

GSTQAOBC 🇨🇦

Fantastic PG! Things are heating up it seems! Thank you, we so appreciate all the work you put into this….especially on your days! ThNk you🙏🏻❤️❤️❤️

Ask Skippy submission

12 notes

Sep 22nd, 2019

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68: sept.28

💜💜💜🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻THANK YOU MM ANON🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻💜💜💜

IT IS SOOOOOO GOOD TO BE BACK!!

MM Anon

MM ANON …… a slippery halo… … AFRICANT …… 🎼” you must have been a beautiful …” 🎼……… faux mother… no British archificial …… a crowd of booooos await……” so’ she Hates the bloody Brits”…… PB will destroy her thunder …… “ Malibu-hoo welcome “…… a $6 million drive in …… an uninterested Africa … PR pays for local hysteria … a white black imposter … well paid unimpressed mothers feel used …… “beef it up for Pakistan”

a slippery halo

The Halo Trust, the anti landlmine charity that a Princess Diana was such a part of and still thrives today because of her work . I remember 1997 , the land mine on the news, her walking, seems like yesterday. This is a double entebdré by our dear MM ANON. Harry has been slaughtered by the media for being a spoilt petulant entitled man. The halo or crown of the Prince 🤴 is slippery now in public opinion. LET’S PRAY FOR OUR HARRY🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻

AFRICANT

Can or can’t, the version of cannot. Nothing has been good, happy, meaningful about her presence on this holiday, it’s not a royal tour. Just wonder what other stunts she is going to pull, because we are going to get another video of amw with oh happy day in the background music. By the way, is she paying royalty rights for using that music , the performers? Catherine cannot and does not put a foot wrong. This one cannot even put a hair right!

… 🎼” you must have been a beautiful

You must have been a beautiful baby, you must have a beautiful child! Singing as l type, great old song. Drive all the girls wild, l think is one line. He sure is a cutie, that’s for sure!

faux mother

As below, she doesn’t possess an ounce of mothering instinct. She can’t because that takes away from attention on her. This is exactly why amw was not at the play date.

no British archificial

So is he born in SA? Not royal, less than that not even British. Good God this woman is moronically stupid! Makes sense that he was in SA, that’s why the dolls have been in use, Christening photo, photoshopped, first photo that was barred by the palace from being used after June, can’t recall exact date. She picked this child up while in SA so she could throw him up in the air, climb up steps in five inch heels to copy Catherine , show off a real baby, who didn’t respond to her at all except when she dug her hands into him and he involuntarily winced. THIS US MADNESS PEOPLE!! This poor child, now his face is forever plastered. In one photo, l thought l noticed a strong resemblance to papa TM!

a crowd of booooos await

Oh Kuwait, l am rubbing my hands together, wait until the return to the UK! NOW the gloves are off, she will be booed and booed, good luck to her on any engagement or public appearance. Boo boo boo are coming. People are beyond furious in the UK and Commonwealth!

” so’ she Hates the bloody Brits”

This is PP, piping in his comments l oh Sir, l feel so bad for you having this to deal with. HMTQ needs your love and sumore than ever! Steady on Sir, steady on!

PB will destroy her thunder

I am so happy for Princess Beatrice and Edo, their engagement photos both the colour ones that Eugenie took, and the black and white ones, l cannot recall the photographers name just now. I was soooooo happy to see the news and what a payback for her stealing the thunder meaning spoiling someone’s excitement, on Eugenie and Jack’s wedding day by wearing that huge coat to stir attention to possibility of her being pregnant. Who knew how that fauxmegnancy would turn into such a mess. As does everything with her!

“ Malibu-hoo welcome “

Will she be welcomed with hoos or boos in Malibu when she just leaves once she has her nest padded, or so she thinks. I don’t see her living the high life in a mansion. She might check into hotel California but she may never leave. Justice is coming! The IRS will want it share of the 250K as well as all she has purloined. The US , l believe is the only country in the world where no matter where you live you still pay taxes on EVERYTHING!!!

a $6 million drive in

Ha ha, reminds me of summertime, movies st the drive-in, l think the place she will eventually live will be mouth many tens of millions, have the best security and the best staff. It will also require wearing of an orange jumpsuit or its equivalent!!

an uninterested Africa …

As l have written below, NOBODY CARES ABOUT HER, People are struggling to get by. SA has had water problems for years! Droughts, poverty, the sky high murder rate and domestic abuse, she isn’t even in the radar of importance.

PR pays for local hysteria

The ‘crowds’ on the tree stump she stood🤣🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂😂😂 the great Plato sharing infinite words of wisdom and insight. The video with DT was privately arranged, paid for. People have been bussed in as paid extras so it appears she has people who adore her. I saw an interview with three regular women walk-in down the street, he asked if they knew of a big event, they looked at each other , nothing. He said royal, then they came out with Harry but not a one of them knew her name. Ooooooo the sting!The burn! I hope she saw that!

a white black imposter

Blackface used to be a thing decades ago, Al Jolson, in the first talking picture/movie made it famous, well it already was actually. White people putting black on their faces and pretending to be black to perform or at parties etc. Here we have the screamer of racist, troll, racist troll, her two twitters that l follow are.CcccRrrrraaaazzzzyyyy. She talks to herself, to Sam, sometimes tweeting from both alternately. She of the racist card, has spent her life identifying as Caucasian, her immense use of bronzer gets worse day by day, except it seems to me on this ‘tour’ her makeup is less, her clothes are dishevelled, she looks a mess. She is trying to pass as black so it’s fits her narrative right Sister?!? Passing, years ago meant someone of colour who appeared Caucasian could appear or pass as being white and avoid the racism. She disgusts me 🐍.

well paid unimpressed mothers feel used

These women who allegedly paid 50K to have a half hour ‘lunch’ with her, made to sit on the floor, which culturally is soooooooo inappropriate given that is done when grieving or in mourning. God please bring the Justice and remove her from this family right into a nice colour of orange, she seems to like jumpers or whatever they are called in the UK, that one piece thing she wore, so orange to match her bronzer which she has amazingly used so much less of, in the photos l have seen.

“beef it up for Pakistan”

To beef something up, is to make it stronger, better more secure. The Cambridges are heading off for a Royal tour, let me say that again, A ROYAL TOUR😁 to Pakistan. Security issues have been in discussions and this trips itinerary will be not be as publicized due to those issues. Now it is sounding like, by this clue, that they have had to increase the already planned security measures. There is always the possibility the risk is too great and things would have to be cancelled. That would be a disaster in relationship building but safety first! Remember Harry is #1 on the Taliban hit list and that risk is by extension a factor.

GSTQAOBC 🇨🇦

Fantastic! Thank you PG! You are right on your game! So appreciate this!🙏🏻💜💜💜💜💜💜💜

Ask Skippy submission

Sep 28th, 2019

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69: Sept. 28

Is this a new thing MM ANON. Two riddles in one Day?🤣🤣🤣🤣😂😂

💜💜💜🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻THANK YOU MM ANON, ITS SO AWESOME TBE BACK DOING THESE🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻💜💜💜

MM Anon

skippyv20

MM ANON …… second son walks alone … bonfires of PR. …… a great rip off … another archificial field trip… a home run …… a lot of backlash back home …… sugar coated photos……… “is it time to go it alone “…… “THE TAPE HAS BEEN SOLD” …… “ for posterity old thing”…… burying it with the rest. ……… 🎼 “ riders on the storm” 🎼

second son walks alone

Our Harry, walks alone, many in the public have been so critical of him, they can’t see the truth or haven’t taken the time to inform themselves. He is our Harry, l don’t care what anyone says, he is a man literally physically fading away, he’s so thin, dishevelled, being with her, l cannot imagine. To me, he deserves a medal for serving to HMTQ ! He has been and will remain in my prayers. Literally speaking he was walking alone in that minefield, or former minefield. What a metaphor for his life eh? 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻

bonfires of PR.

I remember being in Scotland 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 for Bonfire 🔥 night as we called it or Guy Fawkes day . Old history about Scottish rebellion and a bomb being placed in parliament etc etc look it up, its interesting. Anyhow it’s still great fun in Scotland 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 every November. So MM ANON is using bonfires to describe the PR , basically it’s all explosive!

a great rip off

The fee she is charging especially that lunch just using people for maximum cash value. I am positive she has other side deals going on. I recall that last riddle l dud days ago with the clue being diamonds, workers in safety coloured vests, men of colour, a woman at a laptop. You remember it, lead me to think she is sourcing blood diamonds for resale. Everything with her is a rip of, all a grift, capsule collection, using people even a baby for her personal gain!

another archificial field trip

Oh as l said in the other riddle, we are going to see another privately filmed, ore arranged appearance of amw, l bet she is being paid for these appearances. I just hope his socks fit this time and may a pair of shoes, a blanket, a toy/stuffier and a bib or rag for drool.

a home run

Baseball, America’s game. Home run, hit the ball out into the stands, run all the bases until the final base which is called home base and you’ve made a home run. But MM ANON you sly lady🤣🤣🤣, you are not talking baseball. She is going to do a runner and head home! Be gone, be gone, go face the IRS🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂😂🤣

a lot of backlash back home

Oh my oh my, showing him publicly live in the flesh for the first time in SA and not in the U.K. has lit a match under a huge pile of 🧨 dynamite. She is and has been playing with fire. People are FURIOUS and they already hate her! I cannot wait to hear the boos. I think the English politeness is gone, as MM ANON has said in other riddle, she has made her bed or beds🤣🤣🤣, she must lay in it. But the sad thing is she doesn’t give a whit of care or respect for HMTQ, the BRF nor the public of the U.K. or the Commonwealth!

sugar coated photos

Oh the sugars have literal gone crazier seeing archficial , like Pinocchio is now a real boy, not rubber anymore but flesh and blood. No seeing what’s so obvious, no relationship, the child doesn’t know her, climbing those steps in stilettos , holding him, unsafely, then roughly, tossing him in the air, the look of concern on DT daughter she even put her own arms up lest amw get dropped. Oh heavens how tacky were those cookies, sweets with words written on them, banana-gate2.0!

“is it time to go it alone “

Is the her or him going it alone? I doubt at this point, if Harry ended it, there would still be screams of racism. I think she is padding her nest in SA and planning her post-divorce life. Good luck with that project Rachel!

“THE TAPE HAS BEEN SOLD”

The infamous tossed salad tape sold at last. All uppercase. I am certain either the BRF has it, or a good friend of the BRF has secured it for them and they have it!! Who hoo !! Happy day! 😂😂😂😂😂just reminded me of her abuse of that beautiful song Oh Happy Day. I really wish she took those words to heart, the second line is when Jesus washed my sins away. I want no soul condemned but she has to choose.

“ for posterity old thing”

Again our PP, speaking, saving the video and dossier perhaps for posterity. When you save something for posterity, it means you hold onto it, keep it safe because you never know when you might need it!

burying it with the rest.

Wondering did the BRF buy the video, and just keeping that and all the other things in her dossier burying it in the secret files. I highly doubt they will reveal too much species publicly. The marriage will dissolve as a natural course, she can’t adjust etc etc. The BRF and PH. Publicly have done everything and then some to welcome her, they are spotless in this!

🎼 “ riders on the storm” 🎼

The Doors, classic album. He died in Paris and is buried there, it’s a place to visit for many fans.This is a classic song but dark in lyrics. Speaks of home one is born into poor ie dog no bone, don’t want lyric infringement so l adjusted that. Speaks of a killer , a family dying in a car crash. Speaking in the chorus that a woman needs to love and support her man. Put these all together at , pardon the pun, but they are a perfect storm for describing what’s Harrys life has been and is. Lost his mum is a car crash, his wife born into grifting family allegedly. Certainly getting no love and support from her. Today, well yesterday now, but seeing him sitting where she sat, with the now woman who was the girl she comforted, him all alone by the tree, didn’t you just want to take him in your arms and comfort him? Tears now……

GSTQAOBC 🇨🇦

Thank you dear PG! I am in awe! You are brilliant! A very rough day for Harry I am sure….🙏🏻💜💜💜

Ask Skippy submission

Sep 28th, 2019

————————

70: Sept. 29

💜💜💜🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻THANK YOU SO MUCH DEAR MM ANON, I KNOW YOUR TISK IN DOING THIS FOR US, TO SEEK THE TRUTH AND GET IT OUT IN THE OORN🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻💜💜💜

Did l ever tell you all, l do the riddles from bottom to top? I don’t know why, l used to look at the Sears catalogue from the back too, l still look at magazines back to front. A fun wacky PG fact!🤣🤣🤣🤣😂😂

MM Anon

skippyv20

MM ANON …… Cape Town closure ……bells and whistles farewell … on returning, a tour… an unpopular reluctance …… disinformation …… the fence that won’t mend…… club class flying isolation …… Heathrow paps…… no rest for the wicked …… “Hello Boys”…… “He needs a parade”…… “ not another bloody investigation” …… now D&G not H&M. …… cosmetic records!!!! O,no

… Cape Town closure

They officially closed the Cape atone part of the tour and flew out September 29,2019. I was going to say today but l know this is a worldwide blog so l thought l would put that in there. The itinerary has them leaving from Johannesburg, and returning to London. I am sure most of Cape Town citizens had no idea they were there, if they did, no one cared really.

bells and whistles farewell

This whole entire holiday has been just bizarre, her behaviour, a real live baby, was that baby really a boy or just presented as such. We all know the baby shower was for a girl baby, the BRF/LG so so so clever!!! Turned things around that it was a boy baby, that video of them showing amw to a few selected UK and US/CBS reporters was bizarre, at Windsor Castle. She looked so nervous, and PH said they grow so much in two weeks, the glare she gave him!! You know it, you all saw it! Will there be a whiz bang goodie doo? I think likely, paid, bussed in, waving goodbye. I have visions now of O showing up!

on returning, a tour

Oh my goodness, is SS already planning a return trip, as she has been showered with love and praise by thousands and thousands , the crowds have been massive and amazing , kind, amazingly kind, and kind of amazing! NOT!!! I hope you got my attempt at using her favourite words and l tried her amazing kind of word salad, so kind and amazing of me to be so amazingly kind!🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂😂

an unpopular reluctance

Reluctance means unwillingness or disinclination to do something. She is unwilling in any way shape or form to put celebrity aside and take on her proper duchess role. But this makes sense because there was never supposed to be a wedding let alone a baby. Using the word unpopular putting it mildly.

I do think this may refer to PA and his reluctance or downright refusal to be part of the F.B.I. requests for an interview with him regarding his friendship with JE, GM. and other things like VRG allegations. I do not know how long his refusal can go on.

disinformation

PR PR PR PR constant disinformation. One might use the word lies!! It’s been sickening to see and read in the papers. It has Albee’s thus wth her and it will forever be. Oh l just had to let out a big sigh because it’s so sad, and the baby ring used, disinformation about his age, everything about him is one huge example. There is nothing worse than using a child. Scripture says “Suffer the children to come unto Me, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven “ the exact is

Matthew 19:14 King James Version (KJV)

14 But Jesus said, Suffer little children, and forbid them not, to come unto me: for of such is the kingdom of heaven..

the fence that won’t mend…

Mending fences has an obvious meaning, fix a broken fence. However it can be used as a metaphor, fixing a brook relationship for example. I think this is what MM ANON is referring to. Madam, initially when she came on the scene was ‘a breath of fresh air’, marvellously inclusive and welcomed into the U.K. and Commonwealth, and into the ‘family she never had’. Many , including PW had grave concerns. It didn’t take very long for the bloom quickly began to fade. There is ABSOLUTELY NO CHANCE IN A MILLENIA INFINITY! that her relationship with the British public, most members of the BRF, the Commonwealth and many around the world , can ever be mended. It has been irrevocably broken. Complete disregard and blatant disrespect for HMTQ! And a laundry list of grifting, disgusting behaviour, plus her complicated filthy past. No mending of this fence is even wanted, never mind attempted. GSTQAOBC 🇨🇦

club class flying isolation

The return flight, again commercial l am sure, back to London should be interesting. She and her team, will again be prattling on about how successful and awesome the tour is, IF BY THE WAY, she and her smuggled alleged living diamond , amw, if she wants baby in London, or just leave is SA. and carry on with dollies. My sentence structure is horrendous but IF BY THE WAY, l meant IF she can get through customs. Do babies need passports, Royal Allegedly babies? Was he sleeping on arrival and she got archficial through that way. I don’t know how, strict customs are with royalty.

On the flight, Harry will be alone, not involved in anything because it’s all about a madam. I noted today how sloppy he looked catching that flight in t shirt and jeans, wrinkled, he has been wearing those ratty brown suede shoes the entire time. He suited up well though earlier and l an certain when he means the High Commissioner he will hopefully be dressed for it. I keep repeating myself, but his looks and behaviour are SCREAMING FOR HELP, HE HAS COMBAT FATIGUE! I am so worried, he’s wasting away, remember the interview when he was in uniform and something urgent was happening, he took off his mic and ran to see what needed doing? Remebhow fit and muscular he was? Look now, dishevelled clothes, those brown shoes😩, looks like he cannot sleep etc etc etc. I know l keep repeating myself but please LG, l know he is getting help behind the scenes, but our Harry is at such risk now, in his depression, l do worry greatly for him!!🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻

Heathrow paps

Oh my my my my my!!!! The media and paparazzi will be waiting at Heathrow, if that’s where they land, they might be cheeky and land at Gatwick or elsewhere. The media when they return and subsequently is going to be scathing!!!!! Again read her twitters, petal is in SA talk about the Sussexes non-stop but denies being her, petal calls her baby bubs has done for quite sometime. In SA, big reveal, amw nickname is Bubba ☺️☺️☺️🤣🤣🤣. We are not talking about Einstein here! It would be funny if it weren’t so dangerous!

no rest for the wicked

She had all her private things planned during this holiday. Yet she still manages centre stage by foisting herself via IMessage or Skype l think to be with the classroom where PH was in Malawi. All about CAMFED campaign for female education . She just cannot let him go, except when he could have really needed love and support, in Angola, the mine field, him sitting all alone by the tree named after his mum. Oh self seeking narcissistic behaviour, she lives a Master Class of it.

“Hello Boys”

I can’t remember the name of the film, it might be Hello Boys actually! It’s fantastic Bette Midler at her finest, set further war, WWII, she goes on tour to entertain the troops, she would appear on stage all gussied up looking gorgeous and sing for them, she is amazing. Great film! I wonder MM ANON are you relating madams behaviour to the character in the film?? Going on tour and putting on a show!!! I might be way off but that’s a great film!

“He needs a parade”

Support and love for Harry! Agree wholeheartedly! Yes he made a bad choice of bootycall that was his choice,who of us is without sin and can cast the first stone? This was all pre-planned, they would have kept at it, until it worked. I think he needs medals of the highest order for service to the Crown, HMTQ, his granny. He needs away time, months of privacy, therapy, perhaps medication, he ,Ishtar we’ll be on anti-depressants already! HE NEEDS PRAYER🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻. This is evil at work, it’s a nefarious web planned, he was shared in it.

“ not another bloody investigation”

What now? What’s the next thing? Well PA is in a spot of trouble, putting it mildly. He has hired a new PR guy, Jason Stein, former Amber Rudd’s bulldog, lost his job when she quit recently! The paper says he is a ‘master of the dark arts’! The same was said about SS. What are the ‘dark arts’ these PR people use??? Anyhow, there are more accusers , resulting further Epstein investigations in America. The F.B.I. are more insistent upon an interview. The palace statement and PA years ago when this first came up, were emphatic he had NO sexual contact or interaction with VRG. They are not commenting today, read the article in the Daily Mail, if you’re inclined. They are saying, royalty is not an issue, years ago it was swept away. Since the #metoo movement the world has changed. Many many famous men have been charged, Bill Cosby, many famous American media personalities, actors, Weinstein, . This week l was chuffed to hear Wexner been charged in connection with Epstein! If you don’t know Les Wexner, look him up. He’s an American billionaire, one of his many businesses is Victoria’s Secret! Buy from them, you give money to an alleged sexual predator! I am not recalling just now his other businesses, but very very wealthy men have been and are being brought to justice. PA is in serious trouble. The ,ore he refuses to cooperate and scream he’s royalty, he is dragging out the inevitable. Poor poor HMTQ, l just feel so bad for her!

now D&G not H&M

Baby Archie wore H&M to meet DT, which was subsequently marched and appeared officially on H&M advert and website l think website. Now baby Archie will appear wearing D&G. Dolce and Gabbana highend designer Italian clothes. This woman never fails to put a foot wrong. I don’t know if Archie was wearing it while she carried him to catch the plane to Johannesburg , the photos again captured through a clear glass walled corridor. Did anyone else think the ‘baby’ she was carrying looked a lot smaller than amw who met DT? Or was it just me? I would love a side by side photo. Maybe l am totally off.

cosmetic records!!!! O,no.

I am not sure if these two clues go together but this is how they appeared to moi. Are there records surfacing or in possession of the BRF and LG’s team of investigators that show the extent of work she has had done, especially since coming onto the scene with PH? We know something was up at U.S. Open, she had that invisible medical tape over her nose 👃🏻, yes l purposely use that colour of nose! We all have seen her nose appears to be collapsing, those darn hobbies can show up in real physical manifestations ie wide eyed , dilated pupils, agitation, hyperness, just read the twitters feeds that will show you bizarre behaviour, also noted the times tweets are sent!

As far as O, no…..PH is/ has reportedly been working with an O on mental health programs for a fruit tv channel. I have no idea where things are st with that. Is she going to come back on the scene in Africa. I know she has sponsored a school there, where there had to be some firings of l think the administrator , look it up!! I have visions now of her showing up for a surprise appearance with madam. Oh gracious, make it stop! PLEASE😩😩😩😩😫😖😖😖

GSTQAOBC 🇨🇦

Thank you so much dear PG! Seems much coming….Seeing your humour and wonderful personality shining through….is wonderful, you are BACK! Thank God for our Dear PG!🙏🏻💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜💜. Sept. 29, 2019

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goalpark6-blog · 4 years

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What Is Future Range For Chartered Accountants

Chartered Accountant Jobs

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Content

Exactly how To Create An Audit Report

Industry Wise Chartered Accountant Salary In India Monthly 2020

Just How Adjusting To Adjustment Can Raise Task Chance

The Audit Process

Is Acca Better Than Ca In India If You R Not Planned For Foreign In Future ??

Part Qualified Accountants Desired

Exactly how To Write An Audit Report

As of 2010 [upgrade], the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India has actually released 32 Accounting Criteria. These are phoned number AS-1 to AS-7 and also AS-9 to AS-32 (AS-8 & AS-6 is no more in force given that it was merged with AS-26 and also AS-10). Conformity with audit standards provided by ICAI has ended up being a statutory need with the notification of Business (Bookkeeping Requirements) Rules, 2006 by the Government of India. Prior to the constitution of the National Advisory Board on Accountancy Requirement (NACAS), the institute was the single bookkeeping conventional setter in India. It can just take into consideration accounting requirements advised by ICAI as well as recommend the Federal government of India to notify them under the Business Act, 2013.

Sector Wise Chartered Accountant Wage In India Per Month 2020

As of December 2017, the Institute has 2,80,221 members out of which 1,89,707 are Associates as well as 90,514 are Fellows. The B.N. Chaturvedi Family is attributed to be the only family in India to be Chartered Accountants in 5 Generations. Wage of a Chartered Accountant in India depends on his/her abilities, abilities, and also experience. Accountancy Firm Dublin of Chartered Accountants in India varies from 6-7 lakhs to 30 lakhs.

ACCA announced a Common Acknowledgment Contract with Certified General Accountant (CGA Canada) efficient from 1 January 2007; restored in 2011 for an additional 5 years duration up until December 2017. The Canadian branch of ACCA is going after recognition for legal audit purposes in the province of Ontario under the province's Public Audit Act of 2004. Unlike many various other republic countries, the word chartered does not refer to a royal charter, because India is a republic. At the time of passing the Chartered Accountants Act, numerous titles utilized for similar specialists in other countries were taken into consideration, such as Cpa. However, Accountancy Firm Dublin of accounting professionals had actually already acquired membership of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and also Wales and also various other Chartered Societies of Great Britain as well as were practicing as Chartered Accountants.

What is audit assurance services?

Assurance services are audit activities that provide an independent, objective assessment of financial statements or compliance efforts. These compliance, regulatory, and financial statement audits are all considered assurance services.

Appropriately, the range of the QA evaluation program covers all audits and also other assurance interactions. 2 of the most respected expert audit credentials to select from are the Organization of Chartered Licensed Accounting Professionals (ACCA), as well as the Chartered Institute of Monitoring Accountants (CIMA).

After much argument in the Indian Constituent Assembly, the controversial term, chartered was approved. When the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 came into force on 1 July 1949, the term Chartered Accountant superseded the title of Registered Accountant.

As well as this, you should be able to deal with the island in order to gain your essential work experience. The Organization of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) is one of just two qualifications that allow you to lawfully approve represent organisations all over the world.

Just How Adjusting To Modification Can Enhance Task Chance

The ACCA accreditation enables you to end up being a totally certified accountant and can supply a full range of accountancy services consisting of tax obligation as well as audits. You will additionally be certified to offer recommendations to organisations pertaining to renovation of business funds.

International bundles are also greater varying approximately 75 lakhs. In 2015 statistics reveal that average wage of CAs in India was offered around 7.36 lakhs p.a. Ranking Holders and Solitary effort passed pupils get a top priority over the numerous efforts passed trainees. All pupils of Chartered Accountants Ireland have to be based upon the island of Ireland as well as be able to go to talks or classroom based alteration.

In theory, any person can call themselves an accountant if they have gotten on a basic accountancy program or diploma, no matter the qualification and their experience.

A Chartered Accountant has to complete post-graduate honours or diploma level and also following this have had 3-year's job experience along with a Chartered Accountant professional who will mentor them through their 3-year job experience.

They would be accountable for performance management of the monetary team in addition to calculated as well as danger monitoring.

An Administration Accountant would certainly have the exact same credentials and also experience as a Chartered Accountant and in addition, have individuals monitoring experience and obligations too.

When speaking about book-keeping functions and also responsibilities, a Chartered Accountant and also a Monitoring Accountant commonly obtain perplexed.

Chartered are professionals in the area of company, bookkeeping as well as money contrasted to an accountant which is even more of a transactional financial role.

Further, the Accounting Standards so alerted apply just to firms signed up under the companies act, 2013. For all other entities, the bookkeeping criteria released the ICAI continue to apply. Becoming a member calls for passing the prescribed assessments, three years of practical training (known as articleship) as well as conference other requirements under the Act as well as Rules. A member of ICAI might either be an Affiliate Chartered Accountant (A.C.A.) or a Fellow Chartered Accountant (F.C.A.) based upon his experience. Further based upon holding Certificate of Technique, they might also be categorized as practicing as well as non-practicing Chartered Accountants.

The Audit Refine

Both of these credentials need three years of relevant job experience and also can be completed over a duration of three to four years. Though they both differ in web content, both qualifications do cover economic audit, economic reporting, taxes basics, and accounting ethics. Although ACCA holds recognition for legal tax obligation purposes, it has no arrangement with any accountancy body in South Africa, while ICAEW, ICAS as well as CA Ireland have contracts with South African Institute of Chartered Accountants.

Now is celebrated as Chartered Accountants day each year. A chartered accountant is an expert who has passed the CA exam and the called for education in his or her country of accreditation. Some of the companies that supply education and learning and also examination for CAs are Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland, Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) as well as the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA). The CAs are professionals in IFRS and various other global accounting criteria.

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Is Acca Better Than Ca In India If You R Not Planned For Foreign In Future ??

Why assurance is important in auditing?

Practically speaking, an auditor can't test every transaction, but he or she will conduct more extensive testing in areas that present a greater risk of material misstatement. 5. The auditor does not, however, express an opinion on the effectiveness of the company's internal controls.

This designation inherited a public impression that Chartered Accountants had far better certifications than Registered Accountants. Thus the accounting professionals were really demanding in their stand that, the Indian book-keeping specialists ought to be assigned just as Chartered Accountants.

Part Qualified Accountants Wanted

What is the difference between audit and inspection?

An audit is an examination of results to verify their accuracy by someone other than the person responsible for producing them. An assessment is a judgement made about the results. Assessment goes further than an audit as it involves the determination of actions necessary to make the assessed entity compliant.

The AAT credentials covers a few of the same material as the ACCA, consequently if you have this certification you are excluded from the very first 3 ACCA examinations. The Irish Bookkeeping as well as Accounting Supervisory Authority (IAASA), the independent body left with managing business administration in the book-keeping profession, in November 2010, fined the Institute of Chartered Accountants EUR10,000. audit services described the Chartered Accountants Ireland's problems committee's practices as a "substantive failure as well as not simply a technical" one. In 2007 the Chartered Accountants Regulatory Board was established to develop Criteria of Specialist Conduct and also to oversee the compliance of participants, member affiliates, students and also companies.

#audit services #chartered accountant dublin #accountant dublin #dublin auditor #Auditors #Accountancy Firm Dublin #accountant dublin 24 #dublin accountant #chartered accountants ireland #accountant #accountancy firms dublin #chartered accountant

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livinginthemansion · 7 years

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Allright time to actually add some content here!! For the month of June, we have Natsuki Llwellyn. She is half Welsh/half Japanese! Natsuki is a very kind and warm 15 year-old despite her past being a bit on the rough side. Even though she is 15, she works at a cafe in the town near the mansion all of the months live in. She only really works during winter since she still goes to school and the warmer time of the year is important to her to get to spend in the forest and nature itself rather than being inside working. Her family consisted of her Welsh father Aled, Japanese mother Kimiko and two older brothers named Isao and Barri. They all lived in Wales at first but moved to Canada when Natsuki was younger but didn't really get to live there that long. Natsuki's family died in a fire when she was nine so she ended up on the streets after getting herself kicked out out of the orphanage. I'm not going to reveal her whole past staright away so look forward to hearing more! ----- Hiya here! I'm mod Ani, mother of our June and November children. I decided to start with Natsuki since she has been excisting longer so I have more drawings of her that I can easily find. I'll introduce my November child later on. ☆ Mod Ani

#natsuki llwellyn #june oc #natsuki #anioc #livingtheyear #june introduction #june #natsuki introduction #oc introduction #oc #month oc

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bluewatsons · 4 years

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Catherine Dodds et. al., Keeping confidence: HIV and the criminal law from HIV service providers’ perspectives, 25 Crit Public Health 410 (2015)

Abstract

We present qualitative research findings about how perceptions of criminal prosecutions for the transmission of HIV interact with the provision of high-quality HIV health and social care in England and Wales. Seven focus groups were undertaken with a total of 75 diverse professionals working in clinical and community-based services for people with HIV. Participants’ understanding of the law in this area was varied, with many knowing the basic requirements for a prosecution, yet lacking confidence in the best way to communicate key details with those using their service. Prosecutions for HIV transmission have influenced, and in some instances, disrupted the provision of HIV services, creating ambivalence and concern among many providers about their new role as providers of legal information. The way that participants approached the topic with service users was influenced by their personal views on individual and shared responsibility for health, their concerns about professional liability and their degree of trust in non-coercive health promotion approaches to managing public health. These findings reveal an underlying ambivalence among many providers about how they regard the interface between criminal law, coercion and public health. It is also apparent that in most HIV service environments, meaningful exploration of practical ethical issues is relatively rare. The data presented here will additionally be of use to managers and providers of HIV services in order that they can provide consistent and confident support and advice to people with HIV.

Introduction

The criminalisation of HIV transmission and exposure has increased globally over the past decade. This trend is most noticeable in high-income countries with concentrated HIV epidemics in Western Europe and North America, while over 20 African countries introduced HIV-specific laws criminalising HIV exposure and transmission in the decade to 2010 (Cameron & Reynolds, 2010). Existing social research offers insight into the overarching public health impact of criminalisation 1 on those who are most likely to be involved in HIV transmission and exposure (Adam, Elliott, Corriveau, Travers, & English, 2012; Burris, Beletsky, Burleson, Case, & Lazzarini, 2007; Dodds, Bourne, & Weait, 2009; Dodds & Keogh, 2006; Dodds, Weatherburn et al., 2009; Galletly & Dickson-Gomez, 2009; Horvath, Weinmeyer, & Rosser, 2010; Mykhalovskiy, Betteridge, & McLay, 2010; UNAIDS, 2013; Weait, 2013). This body of work demonstrates that criminalisation has a limited capacity to support HIV precautionary behaviour, such as enabling people to use condoms or disclose their HIV status to a sexual partner, and on balance is likely to have a negative impact on public health goals.

Concern has also been raised about the extent to which criminal prosecutions for the transmission of HIV hamper trusting relationships between HIV service providers and service users (Lowbury & Kinghorn,2006). Research undertaken in Canada has examined this relationship (Mykhalovskiy et al., 2010; Mykhalovskiy, 2011; O’Byrne & Gagnon, 2012), finding that service providers were often uncertain how to discuss criminalisation and that legal concerns eroded patients’ trust in HIV and health services. The law also contributed to a tendency for many providers to frame their HIV prevention advice within a universal moral obligation to disclose known HIV infection in all settings, irrespective of the degree of transmission risk.

In England and Wales, the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 may be used to prosecute a person alleged to have intentionally (Section 18) or recklessly (Section 20) transmitted HIV (or any other serious sexually transmitted infection) to another person. 2 To date, the only convictions have been for recklesstransmission, for which the maximum punishment is five years’ imprisonment (ancillary orders regulating future disclosure and sexual behaviour are also available), and the number of successful prosecutions has been very low. In contrast to many other jurisdictions where research of this type has been undertaken, in England and Wales there is no liability where someone merely exposes another to the risk of transmission (unless there was a deliberate, but failed, attempt to transmit the virus). The prosecution has to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant was the source of the complainant’s infection (Bernard et al.,2007). Where the person to whom HIV has been transmitted consented in advance to the risk of transmission, there is no liability (Weait, 2005a, 2005b). For consent to provide a defence, it has to be based on the complainant’s actual knowledge of the defendant’s HIV infection at the time transmission occurred (Weait, 2005a). In almost all cases that knowledge will be based on the defendant’s prior disclosure of status, but there is no independent legal obligation for people with diagnosed HIV to disclose their status prior to sex in England and Wales. However, numerous authors have described HIV status disclosure as a complex and context-specific set of practices, which can be explicit or implicit and understood in a variety of ways by (potential) sexual partners (Adam, Husbands, Murray, & Maxwell,2008; Adam et al., 2014; Flowers, Duncan, & Frankis, 2000; Green & Sobo, 2000; Klitzman & Bayer,2003; Marks & Crepaz, 2001; Sheon & Crosby, 2004; Zablotska et al., 2009).

Guidance for prosecutors – familiar to some but not all HIV service providers in this jurisdiction – advises that recklessness probably will not be established where a person has taken appropriate precautions, such as condom use (Crown Prosecution Service, 2011). Health care workers have a responsibility to fully advise a patient on ways to protect their partners from infection, including the use of condoms. In 2013, the British HIV Association released a briefing paper outlining the responsibilities and duties of health care staff with regards to the criminal law and transmission of HIV (Phillips & Poulton, 2013), which developed an earlier draft paper that had been in circulation since 2006 (Anderson et al., 2006). While outlining the circumstances in which a case of HIV non-disclosure could be referred to the police, the more recent guidance stresses:

Health care professionals have a central role to advise and support patients in decision making and to maintain confidentiality ( … ) There is individual and public interest in maintaining confidentiality; this may be outweighed in order to prevent serious harm to others. (Phillips & Poulton, 2013, p. 3)

It goes on to emphasise that no information should be released to the police unless patient consent has been established or there is a court order requiring this. However, such guidance is optional and not binding, and there has been no audit undertaken on the extent of its successful dissemination. Although some voluntary programmes of embedded professional development for specialist HIV registrars will include a section on criminalisation, there is no training requirement on HIV and the criminal law for clinical staff. Furthermore, in the absence of an HIV sector-wide professional body, there is no equivalent guidance for those working in community-based settings, although a number of organisations have published their own resources about how to manage issues relating to criminalisation for people living with diagnosed HIV (e.g. Bernard & Carter, 2014; Terrence Higgins Trust and National AIDS Trust, 2010).

While taking account of this bio-socio-legal context, the project described here specifically explores the ways that criminal prosecutions for HIV transmission in England and Wales are handled and perceived by those who deliver health and social care services for people with HIV. Our starting point is the argument that normative critiques of HIV criminalisation should extend beyond examinations of the law’s influence on sexual and preventive behaviours, in order to gain a better understanding of how the law both shapes and illuminates the broader social relations within which HIV is experienced (Mykhalovskiy, 2011). Essential convergences in sociological investigations of both crime and health care are rarely unified, leading Timmermans and Gabe (2002) to argue that the ‘medico-legal’ borderland where the law and the clinic directly interact offers opportunity to develop a unified field of study that explores the convergent and divergent means through which these two traditional mechanisms of power can be better understood. They furthermore suggest that explorations of these interactions will help those involved to question the basis for their taken-for-granted norms and procedures – as the borderland is likely to be a site of frequent contestation and ambiguity. HIV criminalisation does not only force an intersection of the law and medicine, it also illuminates the divergent impulses embedded within medicine and public health, as well as diverse approaches to HIV prevention such as harm reduction as opposed to harm elimination. Indeed, we are only able to understand HIV criminalisation in the light of broader social relations and the frequently conflicting values paradigms that construct them.

As Bauman (1991) has described it, one of the key goals of modern society is to root out ambivalence in order to ensure that everything has its place, ultimately enabling a sense of control and peace to prevail. He points out that certainty is at the centre of the twin dreams of legislative and scientific reason. However, what the responses to HIV criminalisation have revealed in those jurisdictions where they have been critically examined, is that just under the surface of the confident professional response to HIV, is a considerable mix of ambiguity and unease. This study examines the specific articulations of this disrupted ‘order’ among HIV professionals working in England and Wales.

Methods and sample

In 2012, seven focus groups were conducted in England and Wales (Dodds et al., 2013). Of the seven groups, four were undertaken with hospital-based staff (referred to as ‘clinical service providers’/‘clinicians’) who routinely provide services to people with HIV in areas of contrasting higher and lower HIV prevalence. In the UK, treatment and monitoring of people with HIV are almost exclusively undertaken at specialist HIV and sexual health clinics. Three further focus groups undertaken with ‘community service providers’ or ‘non-clinical providers’ comprised professionals providing HIV services in the community.

Recruitment of the 75 participants was undertaken with the support of local key stakeholders, and a summary of workplace types and job roles is given in Table Table1.1. Participants worked in 12 different HIV charities and four hospitals. In addition, two social workers were employed by local municipal authorities.

Table 1. Professional characteristics.

Each focus group lasted for about 90 min and was facilitated by two researchers. With the consent of participants, the discussions were digitally recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke,2006) assisted by the use of NVivo 10 software. Participants were asked to discuss their own and their service users’ knowledge and perceptions of criminalisation, how and when criminalisation arises within diverse HIV service settings, who raises the issue, and the perceived impact of this issue on broader HIV care and support. Taking each of the substantive areas of the question guide as a starting point, members of the research team worked in pairs to list the emergent themes arising in the annotated transcripts for each group, undertaking constant comparison with the data until each list was exhausted – a method that utilises both inductive and deductive processes (Layder, 1998). The themes were then collated to ensure consistency, ensuring the elimination of overlap prior to thematic coding of the data. Ethics approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Local research ethics approval was also obtained where necessary.

Results

This section offers a summary of the key findings arising from the thematic analysis, focusing on the following topics: how participants understood the law as it relates to criminal prosecutions for HIV transmission, how such understandings were transposed into practice and procedure in the workplace, and characterisations of responsibility and public health impact.

Understanding the law

Accurate understanding of and ability to communicate about the law are two important and distinct skills for those who inform service users about the criminal law or are expected to field questions on the topic. Many participants had a basic understanding of the conditions that could lead to a prosecution.

I think the important thing is that transmission actually has to take place. So it is not just about unsafe sex - it is about transmission essentially happening. Somebody has to become positive. (Clinical service provider)

However, many participants expressed confusion about the technical legal meaning of recklessness, and what a sufficient defence might be against such a charge. Arriving at a mutually agreed legal definition ofreckless grievous bodily harm was far from straightforward, with many participants struggling to find accurate and concise means of distinguishing between common-sense uses of recklessness and this particular form of criminal liability.

So the way I understood it was, that the law is defined into an act and a mental state. And the original law applied to intention, which is to intentionally and to wilfully desire to do it. And it’s kind of flowed out into recklessness, which is sort of omission, or by not caring, or not caring if you transmit. But not taking reasonable precaution, or by not telling people it’s kind of involved wider of what my understanding about what the original law was meant to be? (Community service provider)

There were a number of instances where participants’ understanding of the law was guided more by a sense of morality as it related to reckless behaviour, than by a firm understanding of the legal principle articulated within the quote above. For instance, a few participants partly based their definition of recklessness on the number of partners with which a person with HIV was having unprotected sex, which is irrelevant to liability.

Although there is technically no legal requirement to disclose HIV status in England and Wales, disclosure behaviours did emerge as a touchstone within focus group discussions. Building personal capacity, and locating opportunities to disclose one’s HIV status to potential and current sexual partners were agreed to be important goals within HIV support and prevention services, alongside recognition of the many structural and social factors that need to be in place before safe disclosure is feasible (Adam et al., 2014; Smith, Rossetto, & Peterson, 2008). Participants were keen to point out that where it is safe to do so, disclosure is a key element in developing self-acceptance, building a culture where HIV is increasingly normalised, and contributing to the informed consent of risk for sexual partners. In order to avoid ambiguity (and any ambivalence with regard to their own responsibilities), some service providers advised people with HIV to disclose their HIV infection as the only means to avoid legal liability, therefore favouring a message of universal HIV status disclosure in place of tailored harm reduction.

That is where I go with my casework, that the only way you can be safe from the law is if you are completely honest with people, and telling any person you are having any sexual contact with about your status, because that’s the only way that that person can fully consent and they can never have any comeback. (Community service provider)

This was by no means a unanimous viewpoint. Instead, when such ideas about the protective function of disclosure were introduced, they were frequently challenged by those who felt that where a person with HIV had used condoms and/or had maintained an undetectable viral load and thereby considerably reduced the chances of passing on infection (Cohen et al., 2011), they could not and should not be criminally charged. 3 Within the groups, such exchanges were characterised by stark contrasts between those who focused primarily on the calculation of risk attached to particular protective behaviours (such as condom use and/or an undetectable viral load) as opposed to those who instead felt that there was a universal moral obligation to disclose, regardless of the risk that a particular sexual encounter might carry. These findings illuminate the way that participants’ own comfort with harm reduction (as opposed to risk elimination) influenced how they advised people with HIV about avoiding criminal liability. They furthermore demonstrate that discourses about risk management are far from stable or uniform among this group of professionals.

Practice and procedure

There was considerable variation in each group about the extent to which criminal prosecution for HIV transmission arose within their work settings, and whether it had influenced regular practices such as record keeping or what they considered to be the limits of confidentiality. This is not surprising, given the diverse roles of participants and their different workplace cultures.

Many said that they personally avoided addressing the issue directly with service users, or minimised the detail that they tried to convey, because they lacked confidence in their capacity to talk knowledgeably about the law.

The law is so, kind of, not clear that it is very hard to clarify anything and we do have documentation we give out occasionally from the criminal … CPS [Crown Prosecution Service]. I would find it to be very hard to be very clear, honestly. It is very vague I think, how we talk. (Clinical service provider)

Some described how one or two colleagues were utilised as an ‘in-house’ ad hoc information resource on the law, and this was linked to discussions in all groups that highlighted participants’ lack of access to qualified criminal legal advice. Very few mentioned or demonstrated awareness of the British HIV Association’s position papers about the appropriate management of this issue in clinical settings described at the outset of this paper (Anderson et al., 2006; Phillips & Poulton, 2013). Perhaps it is not surprising then, that communication practices varied considerably, depending on a participant’s certainty in their own understanding of the law, as well as their perspective on the appropriateness of raising the topic in a particular consultation.

Most providers talked about the way that their ability to build a trusting relationship with service users was reliant upon a values-led approach that was neutral, ‘user-led’ and responsive to the particular needs of the individual in front of them for a short period of time. In each group, some described how they judged the best means of approaching the topic of criminalisation in this light. They acknowledged this was complex information to convey, which needed to be well-timed and appropriately tailored for each individual, although there was a clear pattern that emerged between clinical and community-based service providers.

In all of the HIV clinics where this research was undertaken, information about criminal prosecutions was provided to patients, and many clinicians described routine practices such as its inclusion as a topic to be covered on standardised checklists for new patients, to ensure it had been discussed.

I check if the health advisor has discussed it with them […] and refer them on if needs be. (Clinical service provider)

In contrast, those working in community organisations frequently waited until a service user raised the issue before discussing it, as most felt their primary function was helping to meet the immediate and tangible needs that their service user brought to the consultation (such as emotional support, health information, housing advice). However, there was a degree of professional decision-making employed in these settings as well, as some working in community settings said there were circumstances in which they might raise the prospect of a criminal prosecution where a service user with HIV reported that they engaged in higher risk behaviours.

In the main, service providers discouraged their service users from making criminal complaints (where this had arisen).

I cannot think of any case where someone came and said they wanted to prosecute and then actually walked away and still wanted to prosecute. As soon as you give information and emotional support, you find an immediate shift. Especially if you signpost them onto services. You see a change of mind very fast if you support them in the right way. (Community service provider)

Nonetheless, a few talked about the importance of supporting all service users, including those who had independently decided that they wanted to make a criminal complaint, and there were two further individuals who each described at least one occasion where they had asked a patient if they had considered contacting the police about their infection.

When it came to record keeping, it was mainly those working in clinical settings who tended to document as much detail given by the patient as possible (including sexual behaviour that carried a risk of HIV transmission to others), alongside detail about information and advice imparted by the clinician. Some said that rigorous standards of documentation were an essential component of medical practice, and their practice had not changed in the light of criminalisation. Many clinical participants said that good documentation would also protect any professional whose decisions or actions were scrutinised in the future, while others wanted to maintain records that may help to defend a patient, thereby keeping careful records of protective or precautionary behaviour, or disclosure whenever it was reported. Other clinicians described how their awareness of criminal prosecutions made them acutely aware of the need for even more rigorous documentation than they had undertaken in the past. Across the groups, it was often senior clinical participants who raised the role of the new patient checklist which (among other things) had helped to ensure that all new patients were informed about the criminal law, while at the same time protecting professional liability, as it provided a means of systematically recording that the topic had been covered with each individual patient. At the same time, nurses and other junior staff revealed that this ‘solution’ failed to address their lack of confidence regarding how to get this information across clearly and unproblematically.

In contrast, those working in community-based organisations tended to have been influenced by criminal prosecutions in the opposite direction. Some said they were now far more cautious about the content of service-user records, and their security, due to a renewed awareness that any records could be requested by the courts.

If I am working with a person who has high risk behaviour I do not document it in detail, just in case further down the line there is someone with a warrant. (Community service provider)

There were also, however, participants from community-based organisations who described how their record keeping might function as a means of supporting a service user if a criminal complaint was ever made against them. For instance, many would carefully record when disclosure to a sexual partner was reported, or when problems that had prevented disclosure (such as unequal or abusive relationships) were described, in case that might be important to someone’s defence in a future criminal trial.

Concerns about records being seized by police in criminal investigations for HIV transmission prompted discussion with participants about confidentiality and how this was explained to service users. Most participants working in both clinical and community settings said that they took care to explain to service users how their data would be protected, while also mentioning that there were specific circumstances in which they may be required to release it to the police.

Responsibility and public health

Unlike some of the other topics described above, there were few clear patterns between the ways that clinical or non-clinical providers discussed responsibility and public health. Some participants argued that as long as a person with diagnosed HIV had full awareness of how to prevent HIV transmission and was aware of the potential consequences, they bore primary responsibility for taking precautions.

… if someone has a known infection, they should assume responsibility for themselves to keep up to date with the advice that has been given to them. (Clinical service provider)

However, this was a minority perspective in nearly all focus groups, with most participants arguing that allocation of responsibility was not uniform and that it needed to be understood within specific circumstances that can constrain precautionary behaviour. These participants focused on the social structures shaping the lives and experiences of people with HIV, such as pervasive social and economic inequality, power imbalance, HIV stigma and fears for safety and security.

The woman may not have the power to be able to truly consent to having sexual relationships. Plus, added on to that, she definitely doesn’t have the power to be able to disclose. But she also, because of immigration and things like that, may not have the power to leave at that moment. So, I mean that is where recklessness becomes really … I mean, is it reckless behaviour if it is potentially lifesaving for her? (Community service provider)

Some took this point further, arguing that consensual sex implied a shared responsibility for taking precaution against possible infection.

Researcher: Thinking more generally, where do you feel responsibility for HIV transmission lies?

P1: Assuming it’s consensual and not coerced. Then it’s shared.

P2: As long as they know about condoms and safer sex, everyone should be responsible for their own sexual health. (Clinical service providers)

Uncertainties about professional responsibilities and ethical obligations of HIV service providers pervaded every focus group discussion. Sometimes these concerns arose from uncertainty about the extent of professional legal liability in such circumstances. Participants debated the extent to which service providers owed a primary responsibility to the service user in front of them, or whether there was also a similar obligation to protect the health of others who may be at risk of infection.

It’s about duty of care as well. We have a duty of care to the index patient but not necessarily the person who might be infected. (Clinical service provider)

Certainly not all participants took the same view, and these discussions revealed that service providers wanted to better understand their own legal liabilities, and to clarify the extent to which professional ethical guidelines may consider duty of care as a rationale that enables them to consider a breach in confidentiality, rather than obliging them to do so, as evidenced in the following comment.

I guess … [if] … you are aware of who they are potentially putting at risk. Where there is a certain responsibility for you to breach confidentiality. [agreement from others] (Clinical service provider)

Underlying these discussions was a pervasive sense of professionals feeling torn between duties to service users and to the broader health of the public. One participant described a case where a patient who was known to be abusive towards sexual partners had been named as a sexual contact.

It was a very uncomfortable position to be in, because I still didn’t say, ‘Are you going to take him to court?’ or whatever. I would have happily listened and given them information if they wanted to, or if they had suggested it, but you know, you kind of have two hats on: you have got your clinical hat on, and your public health hat on. You do not want to be colluding with people like this guy … they are a minority, but they are potentially involved in transmission. (Clinical service provider)

There were also participants who made it clear that for them, such conflicts were rare, as they made sure not to allow their own moral positions to influence their dealings with service users.

If they are knowledgeable and consenting in some ways, to be honest, it is none of my business. (Clinical service provider)

These debates about the practice of public health ethics and professional ethics among HIV health and social care service providers appeared in many cases to be the first time that such discussions were widely aired between colleagues. Such issues tended to be approached with caution and hesitation in the focus group format, with those in more junior or inexperienced positions tending to defer to the more senior and confident voices in the room. This raises interesting questions about the practical governance and management of ethical discourse and practice in HIV service settings, to be followed up in the discussion below.

Despite the many approaches to criminalisation described above, no one, when directly asked what they thought prosecutions accomplished in public health terms, was able to describe a beneficial public health outcome. This is an interesting finding given that there were some participants who gave accounts of recommending or supporting the making of a criminal complaint, accompanied by a greater number who experienced a conflict between a duty of care to their service user and to those at risk of acquisition. Perhaps this is because such providers found that criminalisation helps to manage moral concerns about behaviour, by providing punishment for past transgressions, rather than any sense that they were actually likely to bring about wider public health gains.

In contrast, others felt that criminalisation brought only harmful consequences for their working environments, and by extension, for health outcomes among their service users.

I think it also affects the trust relationship between workers and service users, and clinicians and service users at times, sometimes in quite a negative way. You see quite a few people who have been damaged by the process. And it’s a long bridge-building process to re-establish the trust in procedures. (Community service provider)

This comment is representative of the many concerns that participants raised about the ultimate impact of criminal prosecutions, which can lead to increased stigma, reduced trust between service users and providers, and traumatic consequences for those who get involved in such cases. Such findings help to clearly demonstrate that the outcomes of criminal justice can be directly at odds with the goals of public health and individual well-being. Members of one clinical team talked in detail about the detrimental mental health impact that involvement in a case had on one complainant:

It felt like we were going back to the day when she got the diagnosis, and we stayed there with her for about six months in terms of the infection and not being able to move on from how this happened to her. (Clinical service provider)

Reviewing this last set of findings as a whole, the vast majority of participants felt that if they were to overemphasise potential liability and criminal responsibility in discussions with people with HIV, this would have little benefit, and threatened to erode the trust and stability that had been so carefully maintained in order to enable vulnerable people to access their service. It was because of these concerns about potential damage that most participants said they would not want to directly support or provide evidence for the prosecution of cases. At the same time, many participants felt that they had inherited a responsibility for imparting accurate legal information to service users with HIV, even though this was not a part of their job description or training. Considerable anxiety about what constituted professional responsibility within this context was on display during the focus groups, arising from a widespread lack of confidence in conveying accurate legal information and advice while also striking a correct balance between informing and frightening service users. In such conditions, most participants expressed frustration about expectations within their professional roles and practices that felt at odds with their overriding professional responsibility to attend to the needs of the individual.

Discussion

The aim of this study was to better understand how the criminalisation of HIV transmission interacts with the provision of HIV services in England and Wales from the perspective of those delivering HIV treatment, care and support. In doing so, we also exposed some of the fragile and divergent interpretations of professional roles and responsibilities within and between institutional networks, as well as the values that underpin these. This discussion focuses on the sense of professional ambivalence that frequently comes to the fore in the face of HIV criminalisation, driven by the challenging nature of attending to public health values while working as a front line HIV service provider. We also consider a range of ways that participants sought to deal with this ambivalence in comparison with other research findings.

The majority of study participants described feeling caught between a clinical medical ethics of individual autonomy (grounded in human rights), and a public health ethics which emphasises the good of the collective (O’Neill, 2002). This tension has long existed, but is frequently obscured by a discourse of healthcare ethics which tends to be dominated by narratives of individual autonomy, developed to help manage the power dynamics in individual patient–doctor relationships (Gostin, 2003; Mann, 1997; O’Neill,2002). Most study participants described the ways in which criminalisation had forced them to confront the divergent imperatives of individual autonomy, criminal justice and public health, often resulting in ambivalence about their professional values, which in turn had led on to a deep unease around the entire topic.

In essence, we would argue that these service providers are confronting a core problem with aspirational public health discourse. In the main, key public health values are narrated (both in training and in available academic literature and policy documentation) for the benefit of public health officials and policy makers. Frontline providers of health, social and care services outside of the strict ‘public health’ sphere may find that they have difficulty translating such values into tangible, immediate decisions about advice and intervention at the individual level (Gostin, 2003; Jennings, 2003), with little sense of ‘who has to do whatfor whom’ (O’Neill, 2002, p. 8). Criminalisation appears to have nudged open pre-existing (yet routinely unacknowledged) fault lines in professionals’ values and responsibilities frameworks. This dilemma is both produced and disrupted by the criminal law’s entry into the field of HIV, given that no participants could locate any public health benefits arising from prosecutions for HIV transmission. At a practical level, some participants constructed solutions to help avoid or ameliorate such ambivalence, each being subject to varying degrees of acceptability among participants.

In the main, the concept of ‘the responsible person with HIV’ was largely undisturbed among service providers in their routine engagement with clients and patients, as most described people with HIV as being very cautious to minimise onward transmission risk. When outliers emerged (people with HIV who reported having unprotected intercourse with multiple partners over time) a small number of service providers in each focus group maintained order within their values systems by casting them as irresponsible. Such professionals had formulated a personal legal definition of recklessness as it related to HIV that would include any person with HIV whom that service provider had deemed to be irresponsible. The creation of a moral order of this type helped such participants avoid the values fault lines described above. This was most evident among those who described how they used the criminal law as a means of warning errant service users about the implications of their ongoing risky behaviour – and they described a feeling of empowerment or relief about being able to use the law as an externalised tool to help dispel their moral unease. In a few isolated cases, this went further, with service providers suggesting and supporting the pursuit of a criminal complaint. In our study, sharp discussions emerged between participants who maintained that successful HIV prevention was predicated upon harm reduction, and those who instead had started to promote universal HIV disclosure as both legally and morally safer. Just as Mykhalovskiy (2011) found, this application of the criminal law to HIV enables some professionals to taking up the opportunity for moral entrepreneurship, thereby adopting a rule enforcer role (Becker, 1963).

Many providers wanted a simple universal set of HIV prevention messages to use with people with HIV, demonstrating that commitment to HIV harm reduction (boasting a veritable toolbox of behavioural choices for people with HIV 4 ) is contested and patchy. Despite the currents of constant technological change which shape the landscape of HIV prevention, criminalisation’s inherent focus on responsibility for HIV sero-status disclosure among people with HIV forces professionals to decisively position their personal and professional values to an extent that has not been demanded of them previously. Some demonstrated greater capacity to manage these demands than others.

A related response to professional ambivalence was clinical service providers’ description of systematic note-keeping. In the clinical sphere, advice and discussion about criminalisation became incorporated into a pre-existing checklist and documentary working culture – which also served to guard against professional liability, again echoing Mykhalovskiy’s (2011) findings. Others (particularly those working in community settings), described a response to criminal prosecutions that had taken them in the opposite direction, in that they had actively reduced the degree of detail in their notes in order to reduce the likelihood that these could be used in a criminal case. Reliance on managerial checklists has long been recognised as a key feature of allocating roles and responsibilities within large institutional systems (Smith, 2005). Such findings bring to mind Bowker and Leigh Star’s notion of ‘information infrastructures’ (2000) which articulate the modern information society’s response to the moral imperative for order and classification. Their work draws out the tension between the benefits of classification, and the problems of rendering responses, motivations or actions invisible – such as some junior members of clinical staff in our study who often expressed unease about having to raise the issue of criminalisation which was a new addition to the patient checklist. Their managers’ confidence that the matter was being dealt with was predicated on the existence of the information infrastructure, rather than necessarily because of knowledge about how these conversations were actually undertaken. On numerous occasions, the focus group participants pointed out that it was the first time they had ever been asked to explore these feelings of unease and professional confidence with colleagues.

When asked directly about the influence of criminalisation on working practices, a sizeable proportion of our participants actively rejected the idea that their practices had been unduly influenced by the criminal law. Therefore, in contrast to Mykhalovskiy’s (2011) findings where there was a sense that having ‘an eye to the law’ was a pre-eminent and increasingly overriding concern in HIV service provision, a substantial number of our participants argued that correct data management and counselling practice proceeded without hindrance by such concerns. These assertions did not always correspond with specific discussions about record keeping. While our participants could not rule out self-censoring by service users, there was no evidence to suggest that the law had made providers afraid to talk with them about sex. The differences between our work and that undertaken earlier could be in part because key elements of criminal liability differ significantly between the UK and Canada. 5 Yet, in more recent research among HIV specialist nurses in Canada, Sanders (2015) reveals that changes to documentation practices in the light of criminalisation include a mixture of those who document more, and those who document less as a direct result of potential use of professionals’ notes in criminal proceedings, similar to our findings.

Conclusion

Bauman (1991) argued that the key task of modernity is to make order of disorder, often by enforcement of a singular legislative logic. His understanding of the aversion to ambivalence in modern systems – underlined also by Smith (2005) and Bowker and Leigh Star (2000) – help in the critical examination of our findings, where we see a prevalent impulse to locate clean and clear mechanisms to reassert control. Indeed, we also found some opposition to this dominant tendency, voiced by those who saw practical and ethical value within the multiplicity of choice and the wide array of perspectives and outcomes that made up the diverse experience of people with HIV. In both responses, we can observe how professionals respond (and what tools they reach for) when their values systems are complex and at times contradictory. A few existed comfortably within that space of ambivalence, where they felt the pull of divergent considerations; most did not.

It is not that long since clinical training better enabled students to prepare for such circumstances. A longitudinal investigation of 1950s medical training in the US demonstrated that at that time, doctors were trained to ‘sit’ with uncertainty as a necessary component of their work and to develop the confidence to manage it as a part of their approach to patients (Fox, 1957). We can only wonder how many professionals already working in and entering the HIV sector in the current era (in both clinical and non-clinical settings) are adequately prepared to deal with the moral and professional complexities that inevitably emerge. Arguably, where such tensions have been papered over through routinisation or silence, HIV criminalisation has stripped back this veneer. If so, one of the key recommendations arising from this research is that staff teams will benefit from regular collective discussions about HIV and the criminal law, as well as other issues that pose moral or ethical dilemmas. Such discussions among staff might encourage greater consistency in approaches and communication styles, and the mixing of clinical and non-clinical service providers in such discussions may facilitate exchanges of views and approaches. The focus groups themselves appeared to offer a rare opportunity for staff teams as well as mixed professionals to collectively consider the issue.

Ultimately, the findings offer us insight into the various ways that criminalisation exposes key tensions for HIV service providers. Providers often feel at least partially responsible for HIV prevention and public health themselves, even if they recognise the responsibility and choice available to service users. This study has revealed the layers of complexity which criminalisation adds to the relationship between service providers and service users, both in clinical and community settings. It has generated unease, due to its disruption of a coherent set of professional ethics. In so doing, it has impacted on the ways in which the majority of HIV service providers, whose primary concern is the health and well-being of their service users, understand the scope and substance of their role. The exploration of such issues is something that is best tackled directly, and we hope that these findings will encourage practitioners to consider taking the time to talk with and listen to colleagues’ contrasting standpoints and opinions. Ultimately, this should lead to greater transparency and coherence – not only in working practice related to HIV criminalisation, but also in underlying professional values.

Notes

Terms such as ‘criminalisation’, ‘criminal prosecutions’, or ‘HIV and the law’ may variously be used in a range of settings to refer to any prosecutions for a range of illegal behaviours implicated in HIV exposure (such as sex work or injecting drug use). However, this paper only uses these terms to refer to criminal prosecutions for the sexualtransmission of HIV.

It should be noted, that the Court of Appeal has affirmed that genital herpes, a far more common condition than HIV, also falls into the category of “serious”: R. v. Golding (2014) EWCA 889.

As noted above, the Crown Prosecution Guidance document (2011) in place at the time of the research did acknowledge such protective measures as available defences in such cases, but certain knowledge of these issues was rare.

Harm reduction with regard to the sexual transmission of HIV can include a range of preventive practices which may variously include: condom use, ensuring the person with HIV is the receptive sexual partner, only having unprotected intercourse with other people who have diagnosed HIV, ensuring a reduced or undetectable HIV viral load prior to unprotected intercourse, use of pre-exposure prophylaxis by the individual without HIV infection, etc.

In England and Wales it is only sexual behaviour that actually results in serious disease transmission (or proof of intent in the absence of transmission) that can be successfully prosecuted under the OAPA 1861. As a result, those working in jurisdictions where HIV transmission is essential to a criminal charge may not be as concerned as professionals in other jurisdictions about being in possession of knowledge about service users’ sexual behaviours.

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Cohen M. S., Chen Y. Q., McCauley M., Gamble T., Hosseinipour M. C., Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy N., Fleming T. R. 2011Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy New England Journal of Medicine ,493–505.50510.1056/NEJMoa1105243 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

Crown Prosecution Service . Intentional or reckless transmission of sexual infection guidance. London: Author; 2011.http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/h_to_k/intentional_or_reckless_sexual_transmission_of_infection_guidance/

Dodds C., Bourne A., Weait M. 2009Responses to criminal prosecutions for HIV transmission among gay men with HIV in England and Wales Reproductive Health Matters ,135–145.14510.1258/095646206776790114 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

Dodds C., Keogh P. 2006Criminal convictions for HIV transmission: People living with HIV respondInternational Journal of STD & AIDS ,315–318.318 [PubMed]

Dodds C., Weait M., Bourne A., Egede S., Jessup K., Weatherburn P. Keeping confidence: HIV and the criminal law from service provider perspectives. London: Sigma Research; 2013.http://sigmaresearch.org.uk/projects/policy/project55/

Dodds C., Weatherburn P., Bourne A., Hammond G., Weait M., Hickson F., Jessup K. Sexually charged: The views of gay and bisexual men on criminal prosecution for HIV transmission. London: Sigma Research; 2009. http://www.sigmaresearch.org.uk/go.php?/reports/report2009a/

Flowers P., Duncan B., Frankis J. 2000Community, responsibility and culpability: HIV risk management amongst Scottish Gay men Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology ,285–300.30010.1002/1099-1298(200007/08)10:4<285:AID-CASP584>3.0.CO;2-7 [Cross Ref]

Fox R. C. Training for uncertainty. In: Merton R. K., Reader G. C., Kendall P. L., editors. The student physician: Introductory studies in the sociology of medical education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1957. pp. 207–241.

Galletly C., Dickson-Gomez J. 2009HIV seropositive status disclosure to prospective sex partners and criminal laws that require it: Perspectives of persons living with HIV International Journal of STD & AIDS ,613–618.61810.1258/ijsa.2008.008417 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

Gostin L. 2003Public health ethics: Tradition, profession and values Acta Bioethica ,,177–188.188http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/abioeth/v9n2/Salud%20P%FAblica.pdf?origin=publicationDetail#page=10

Green G., Sobo E. J. The endangered self: Managing the social risks of HIV. London: Routledge; 2000.

Horvath K., Weinmeyer R., Rosser S. 2010Should it be illegal for HIV-positive persons to have unprotected sex without disclosure? An examination of attitudes among US men who have sex with men and the impact of state law AIDS Care ,1221–1228.122810.1080/09540121003668078[PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

Jennings B. 2003Frameworks for ethics in public health Acta Bioethica ,,165–176.176http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/abioeth/v9n2/Salud%20P%FAblica.pdf?origin=publicationDetail#page=10

Klitzman R., Bayer R. Moral secrets: Truth and lies in the age of AIDS. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2003.

Layder D. Sociological practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1998.

Lowbury R., Kinghorn G. 2006Criminal prosecution for HIV transmission: A threat to public health British Medical Journal ,666–667.66710.1136/bmj.38980.470093.DE [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

Mann J. 1997Medicine and public health, ethics and human rights Hastings Center Report ,6–14.1410.2307/3528660 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

Marks G., Crepaz N. 2001HIV-positive men's sexual practices in the context of self-disclosure of HIV status Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ,79–85.85http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1140452410.1097/00126334-200105010-00013 [PubMed]

Mykhalovskiy E. 2011The problem of ‘significant risk’: Exploring the public health impact of criminalizing HIV non-disclosure Social Science and Medicine ,668–675.67510.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.051 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

Mykhalovskiy E., Betteridge G., McLay D. HIV non-disclosure and the criminal law: Establishing policy options for Ontario. Toronto: Ontario HIV Treatment Network; 2010.http://www.catie.ca/pdf/Brochures/HIV-non-disclosure-criminal-law.pdf

O’Byrne P., Gagnon M. 2012HIV criminalization and nursing practice. (special issue) Aporia: The Nursing Journal ,16–26.26http://www.oa.uottawa.ca/journals/aporia/articles/2012_04/v4i2.pdf

O’Neill O. 2002Public health or clinical ethics: Thinking beyond borders Ethics & International Affairs,35–45.4510.1111/j.1747-7093.2002.tb00395.x [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

Phillips M., Poulton M. HIV transmission, the law and the work of the clinical team. London: British HIV Association and British Association of Sexual Health and HIV; 2013. http://www.bhiva.org/Reckless-HIV-Transmission-2013.aspx [PubMed]

Sanders C. 2015Examining public health nurses’ documentary practices: The impact of criminalizing HIV non-disclosure on inscription styles Criminal Public Health ,398–409.40910.1080/09581596.2014.980395 [Cross Ref]

Sheon N., Crosby G. M. 2004Ambivalent tales of HIV disclosure in San Francisco Social Science and Medicine ,2105–2118.211810.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.026 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

Smith D. Institutional ethnography: A sociology for people. Lanham: Altamira Press; 2005.

Smith R., Rossetto K., Peterson B. L. 2008A meta-analysis of disclosure of one’s HIV-positive status, stigma and social support AIDS Care ,1266–1275.127510.1080/09540120801926977 [PubMed][Cross Ref]

Terrence Higgins Trust and National AIDS Trust . Prosecutions for HIV Transmission: A guide for people living with HIV in England and Wales. London: Author; 2010.http://www.nat.org.uk/Media%20library/Files/Policy/2010/NAT-THT%20Guide%20re%20Prosecutions%20DOWNLOAD%20UPDATE%20MAY2010.pdf

Timmermans S., Gabe J. 2002Introduction: Connecting criminology and sociology of health and illnessSociology of Health and Illness ,501–516.51610.1111/1467-9566.00306 [Cross Ref]

UNAIDS . Ending overly broad criminalization of HIV non-disclosure, exposure and transmission: Critical scientific, medical and legal considerations. Geneva: Author; 2013.http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/document/2013/05/20130530_Guidance_Ending_Criminalisation.pdf

Weait M. Knowledge, autonomy and consent: R v Konzani. Criminal Law Review. 2005a Oct;:163–172.http://www.academia.edu/151802/Weait_M._2005_Knowledge_Autonomy_and_Consent_R_v_Konzani_Criminal_Law_Review_October_763-772

Weait M. 2005bCriminal law and the sexual transmission of HIV: R v Dica Modern Law Review ,120–133.13310.1111/j.1468-2230.2005.00531.x [Cross Ref]

Weait M. 2013Unsafe law: Health, rights and the legal response to HIV International Journal of Law in Context ,535–564.56410.1017/S1744552313000293 [Cross Ref]

Zablotska I. B., Imrie J., Prestage G., Crawford J., Rawstorne P., Grulich A., Kippax S. 2009Gay men’s current practice of HIV seroconcordant unprotected anal intercourse: Serosorting or seroguessing?AIDS Care ,501–510.51010.1080/09540120802270292 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

#hiv #aids #public health #bioethics #controversy #responsibility #criminal transmission of hiv #healthcare #law #crime #public policy #ambivalence #criminal law #service providers

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esonetwork · 3 years

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Timestamp #TW32: The New World

New Post has been published on https://esonetwork.com/timestamp-tw32-the-new-world/

Timestamp #TW32: The New World

Torchwood: The New World (1 episode, s04e01, 2011)

Who are they? Torchwood.

Early in the morning, absolutely despicable child rapist/killer Oswald Danes is scheduled for execution by lethal injection. He refuses to make a final statement and the injections begin. Danes convulses violently.

At the CIA, Esther Drummond is seeing several references to Torchwood as she talks with Rex Matheson on the phone. The institute’s name has been sent all over the UK, but as Drummond starts digging into it the entire system crashes. On the other end of the line, Matheson gets into a car accident and ends up taking a piece of rebar to the chest. He is taken to the emergency room.

Meanwhile, Gwen Cooper wakes up from a nightmare about Torchwood. Gwen, Rhys, and their daughter Anwen are living in middle-of-nowhere Wales. Gwen tells Anwen a story about aliens while feeding her. Helicopters have been flying overhead so tensions are high. There’s also a knock at the door – Gwen and Rhys pull out an arsenal of weapons just in case – but it’s just two lost hikers.

Or at least they seem to be until the hikers exchange knowing glances as they leave.

Matheson survives his surgery in a modern-day miracle. Turns out that no one has died in the hospital over the last twenty-four hours, and it’s not limited to this location. It’s worldwide. It also means that Oswald Danes survived, and he’s gearing up for a Fifth and Eighth Amendment defense so he can be set free. Matheson has a hard time wrapping his head around this Miracle Day.

Gwen and Rhys are busy painting the walls when a mobile phone rings. Andy Davidson bears the bad news that Gwen’s father is in the hospital. Gwen apologizes to Rhys because this means that they have to go back.

Further investigation into Torchwood reveals that every reference has been scrubbed under the 456 Regulations. Drummond crawls through the archives to find any physical reference to Torchwood. She finds the 456 files and photos of the Torchwood Three team, and then she meets Captain Jack Harkness. Jack asks her to accompany him but Drummond runs. She finds that the man in charge of the archives has been murdered and Jack saves her from being shot as well. To avoid being killed by suicide vest, Jack and Esther take a dive through a window into a fountain in the courtyard.

Jack tells her about the history of the Torchwood Institute while he mulls over the fact that he was injured. His intent is to keep Torchwood buried to maintain Gwen’s safety. He wiped the traces of Torchwood using malware. He secretly gives Esther a dose of Retcon and then poses as FBI agent “Owen Harper” to witness the suicide bomber’s autopsy.

Rex is able to watch the proceedings through the hospital’s security cameras. The bomber is an exploded mass of burned tissue and bone, but he’s still conscious and alive. Jack suggests severing the head to put the man out of his misery, but that doesn’t work.

Gwen and Rhys return to Cardiff with Anwen and meet up with Andy. Gwen is perplexed by the mass of people paying honor to the Miracle. They go inside and reunite with Gwen’s father despite her mother’s protests. Gwen later gets a briefing on the Miracle Day from Andy – Jack simultaneously hunkers down in an abandoned building and reads while he eats – and they discover that the human race has four months to live if no one else dies. Rhys is understandably angry about Gwen getting involved and she relents.

Esther wakes up in her apartment. The only evidence of the previous night’s adventure is a large bruise, but she doesn’t remember a thing. Jack has a bruise as well, so his healing factor has apparently stalled. When Esther goes to work, she finds the last remaining physical Torchwood file but she dismisses it due to the Retcon. Rex calls her and they discuss Torchwood and the Miracle, discovering that Torchwood resurfacing coordinates with the last time that a human died on Earth. Rex checks himself out of the hospital and takes a taxi to the airport. He’s headed to the United Kingdom despite the severe amount of pain that he’s in.

When Rex arrives, he gets a handgun from UK officials and drives to Wales while Esther gathers intel about Gwen. He eventually arrives at Gwen’s doorstep and collapses at gunpoint. When he wakes up, he’s tied to a radiator as Gwen and Rhys try to escape. Rex escapes easily, but the group of them are interrupted by a rocket that passes through the entire house and explodes in the hillside behind.

Gwen kills the shooter with a pistol – Anwen, babe in arms, smiles as her mother goes to work – and Jack arrives in a Land Rover to take everyone down the beach at high speed. Gwen finds a rocket launcher in the backseat and destroys the helicopter. When Rex asks who Gwen and Jack are, she defiantly replies, “Torchwood.”

The team regroups in Cardiff at Roald Dahl Plass. Gwen instructs Rhys to take Anwen to Gwen’s mother’s house. Gwen still has the Eye-5 lenses, but the rest of Torchwood’s technology was lost in the Hub’s destruction. Jack reveals that he can no longer heal himself and is a mortal man. Rex greets an arriving cavalcade of police cars with open eyes.

Rex has ordered a rendition. Torchwood is being handed over to the United States.

Torchwood covers new ground with this series. This was the first episode of Torchwood to be principally filmed in the United States (and the third episode of the Doctor Who universe after The Impossible Astronaut/Day of the Moon) and the first episode in the larger franchise to film in California. It was also broadcast in the United States (and Canada and Australia) before the UK, which was another first.

The big narrative ground that Torchwood ventures into is swapping roles for Jack and the rest of the world. By removing his powers of resurrection and giving them to everyone else, Jack is placed in a position of extreme vulnerability and weakness. It’s a great starting point for the heroes as they set out to figure out what’s going on.

I appreciate how this episode also explored concepts like the force majeure (unforeseeable circumstances that prevent someone from fulfilling a contract, such as an “Act of God”), the Fifth Amendment (no “person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb”), and the Eighth Amendment (“cruel and unusual punishments [shall not be] inflicted”).

I love how downright creepy and despicable Bill Pullman is as Oswald Danes. I mean, come on, this is the magnetic lead from Independence Day and Spaceballs, and here we find him just oozing with malice and soullessness.

More than that, I enjoy how this episode placed our team in the post-Torchwood world and forced them back together in rather explosive circumstances. As much as they don’t want to get the team back together, they absolutely have to in order to save the world from certain destruction.

Rating: 5/5 – “Fantastic!”

UP NEXT – Torchwood: Rendition

The Timestamps Project is an adventure through the televised universe of Doctor Who, story by story, from the beginning of the franchise. For more reviews like this one, please visit the project’s page at Creative Criticality.

#Miracle Day #Timestamps Project #Torchwood

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rafisaba76 · 4 years

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celebritylive · 4 years

Link

An Australian community is rallying around a widower and his six children who recently lost everything in the devastating bushfires, just a month after the man’s wife died of cancer.

Back in October, Bill Morris faced the unimaginable when he lost “the love of his life” Elaine Morris to cancer, according to family friend Kylie Kinnish, who set up a GoFundMe page for the Morrises.

As they were working through their grief, things only got worse for the tight-knit family when fires ravaged their community a month later and destroyed their home, leaving Bill and his six children with next to nothing.

“The out of control bushfires have destroyed the home they had built together over the past 30 years at Upper Colo,” Kinnish wrote on the GoFundMe. “They raised their 6 beautiful children in this home and sadly not only are they now grieving the loss of their mother but the loss of all that was hers.”

RELATED: ‘My Heart Goes Out to Our Friends and Family in Oz’: How Celebs Are Helping Combat the Devastation in Australia

Kinnish, whose mother was best friends with Elaine, posted a number of heartbreaking photos on GoFundMe, showing what was left of Morris family’s property and asked their loved ones for help in rebuilding their home.

Some of the photos that were posted showed piles of charred rubble and debris alongside the home’s folded structure. Other heartbreaking images captured the damage from the flames to the interior of the home and household appliances.

“The grief they are suffering after Elaine’s passing 3 weeks ago is heartbreaking,” Kinnish wrote on Nov. 16, one day after the fires came through. “And now today the Morris family are heading out to see the property for the first time since the fires… As you can imagine this will be another heartbreaking step for them to take.”

That same day, one of Bill and Elaine’s daughters Georgia posted an update to her Facebook, which was also shared on the GoFundMe page.

In the post, Georgia revealed that her family was struggling to accept the loss of their mother and their home, but that their farm animals had luckily survived the blaze. She also shared a number of photos from the devastation, including one of the chickens on their property.

“Today was the first day that we returned to our childhood home after it was burnt down in the Gospers Mountain bushfire on Friday afternoon,” she wrote. “You can’t even put a word to how we are all feeling, devastated doesn’t even come close.”

“As you can see by the photos, we have lost everything- More so Dad and Billy who had every single belonging burnt in the fire,” she went on, referencing her brother. “We are lucky that our family is so close-knit and we have each other to lean on for support.”

Georgia went on to thank everyone who donated to help her family and to the Rural Fire Service volunteers for “trying to save our home” and for risking their lives each day to protect Australians from the deadly blaze.

“We are glad no one was injured trying to save our property,” she added. “I am also happy to report that EVERY SINGLE CHICKEN SURVIVED!”

Since its creation on Nov. 15, the GoFundMe campaign has raised over $62,000.

An update on Dec. 20 by Kinnish said that Bill and his children “are still coming to terms with the loss of both Elaine & their family home,” but that the money from this fundraiser will help “keep things as simple as possible for them so they can grieve without stress.”

“All funds raised through this page will be withdrawn by myself & transferred directly to an account Bill has set up for the rebuild,” Kinnish added. “We wish to thank each & every one of you for your generous donations so far. We will keep this page updated as the build progresses once we can access the property in the new year.”

RELATED VIDEO: Kim Kardashian Claps Back at Claim She Didn’t Donate to Australia Wildfires Relief Efforts

The Morrises are part of the thousands of people who have been displaced and lost everything in the devastating fires.

Since September, at least 25 people have been killed while a whopping 11-million acres have been wiped out with hundreds of homes and buildings destroyed, as well. A seven-day state of emergency was declared on Dec. 23.

As the more than 130 fires continue to burn across New South Wales and Victoria, ecologists from the University of Sydney believe almost half a billion animals have died.

As of Thursday, there were 2,000 firefighters working in New South Wales alone, with additional help arriving from the United States, Canada, and New Zealand.

Find more information on how to help those affected by the Australian fires.

from PEOPLE.com https://ift.tt/36xnMKP

#Celebrity

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brookstonalmanac · 5 years

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Events 6.23

229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. 1280 – The Battle of Moclín takes place in the context of the Spanish Reconquista pitting the forces of the Kingdom of Castile against the Emirate of Granada. The battle resulted in a Granadian victory. 1305 – A peace treaty between the Flemish and the French is signed at Athis-sur-Orge. 1314 – First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn (south of Stirling) begins. 1532 – Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France sign a secret treaty against Emperor Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. 1565 – Dragut, commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Great Siege of Malta. 1594 – The Action of Faial, Azores. The Portuguese carrack Cinco Chagas, loaded with slaves and treasure, is attacked and sunk by English ships with only 13 survivors out of over 700 on board.[1] 1611 – The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now Hudson Bay; they are never heard from again. 1683 – William Penn signs a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania. 1713 – The French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada. 1757 – Battle of Plassey: Three thousand British troops under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000-strong Indian army under Siraj ud-Daulah at Plassey. 1758 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Krefeld: Allied (British, Hanoverian, and Prussian) forces defeat French troops at Krefeld in Germany. 1760 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Landeshut: Austria defeats Prussia. 1780 – American Revolution: Battle of Springfield fought in and around Springfield, New Jersey (including Short Hills, formerly of Springfield, now of Millburn Township). 1794 – Empress Catherine II of Russia grants Jews permission to settle in Kiev. 1810 – John Jacob Astor forms the Pacific Fur Company. 1812 – War of 1812: Great Britain revokes the restrictions on American commerce, thus eliminating one of the chief reasons for going to war. 1860 – The United States Congress establishes the Government Printing Office. 1865 – American Civil War: At Fort Towson in the Oklahoma Territory, Confederate, Brigadier General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant Confederate army. 1868 – Typewriter: Christopher Latham Sholes received a patent for an invention he called the "Type-Writer." 1887 – The Rocky Mountains Park Act becomes law in Canada creating the nation's first national park, Banff National Park. 1894 – The International Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne in Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin. 1913 – Second Balkan War: The Greeks defeat the Bulgarians in the Battle of Doiran. 1914 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa takes Zacatecas from Victoriano Huerta. 1917 – In a game against the Washington Senators, Boston Red Sox pitcher Ernie Shore retires 26 batters in a row after replacing Babe Ruth, who had been ejected for punching the umpire. 1919 – Estonian War of Independence: The decisive defeat of the Baltische Landeswehr in the Battle of Cēsis; this date is celebrated as Victory Day in Estonia. 1926 – The College Board administers the first SAT exam. 1931 – Wiley Post and Harold Gatty take off from Roosevelt Field, Long Island in an attempt to circumnavigate the world in a single-engine plane. 1938 – The Civil Aeronautics Act is signed into law, forming the Civil Aeronautics Authority in the United States. 1940 – Adolf Hitler goes on a three-hour tour of the architecture of Paris with architect Albert Speer and sculptor Arno Breker in his only visit to the city. 1940 – Henry Larsen begins the first successful west-to-east navigation of Northwest Passage from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.[2] 1941 – The Lithuanian Activist Front declares independence from the Soviet Union and forms the Provisional Government of Lithuania; it lasts only briefly as the Nazis will occupy Lithuania a few weeks later. 1942 – World War II: Germany's latest fighter aircraft, a Focke-Wulf Fw 190, is captured intact when it mistakenly lands at RAF Pembrey in Wales. 1946 – The 1946 Vancouver Island earthquake strikes Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. 1947 – The United States Senate follows the United States House of Representatives in overriding U.S. President Harry S. Truman's veto of the Taft–Hartley Act. 1951 – The ocean liner, SS United States, is christened and launched. 1956 – The French National Assembly takes the first step in creating the French Community by passing the Loi Cadre, transferring a number of powers from Paris to elected territorial governments in French West Africa. 1959 – Convicted Manhattan Project spy Klaus Fuchs is released after only nine years in prison and allowed to emigrate to Dresden, East Germany where he resumes a scientific career. 1960 – The United States Food and Drug Administration declares Enovid to be the first officially approved combined oral contraceptive pill in the world. 1961 – Cold War: The Antarctic Treaty, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent, comes into force 18 months after the opening date for signature was set for December 1, 1959. 1967 – Cold War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey for the three-day Glassboro Summit Conference. 1969 – Warren E. Burger is sworn in as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court by retiring Chief Justice Earl Warren. 1969 – IBM announces that effective January 1970 it will price its software and services separately from hardware thus creating the modern software industry. 1972 – Watergate scandal: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon and White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman are taped talking about using the Central Intelligence Agency to obstruct the Federal Bureau of Investigation's investigation into the Watergate break-ins. 1972 – Title IX of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 is amended to prohibit sexual discrimination to any educational program receiving federal funds. 1973 – A fire at a house in Hull, England which kills a six-year-old boy is passed off as an accident; it later emerges as the first of 26 deaths by fire caused over the next seven years by serial arsonist Peter Dinsdale. 1985 – A terrorist bomb explodes at Narita International Airport near Tokyo. An hour later, the same group detonates a second bomb aboard Air India Flight 182, bringing the Boeing 747 down off the coast of Ireland killing all 329 aboard.[3] 1991 – Sonic the Hedgehog is released to American audiences, then to PAL and Japanese audiences a month later, kickstarting the successful Sonic franchise. 1996 – The Nintendo 64 home video game console is first released in Japan, with Nintendo ultimately selling 32.93 million units worldwide. 2001 – The 8.4 Mw  southern Peru earthquake shakes coastal Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). A destructive tsunami followed, leaving at least 74 people dead, and 2,687 injured. 2003 – Kane unmasks on Monday Night Raw, revealing himself as Glen Jacobs, the future mayor of Knox County, Tennessee. 2012 – Ashton Eaton breaks the decathlon world record at the United States Olympic Trials. 2013 – Nik Wallenda becomes the first man to successfully walk across the Grand Canyon on a tight rope. 2013 – Militants stormed a high-altitude mountaineering base camp near Nanga Parbat in Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan and killed ten climbers, as well as a local guide. 2014 – The last of Syria's declared chemical weapons are shipped out for destruction. 2016 – The United Kingdom votes in a referendum to leave the European Union, by 52% to 48%. 2017 – A series of terrorist attacks took place in Pakistan resulting in 96 deaths and wounded 200 others.

#Events

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newstfionline · 4 years

Text

Headlines

US exports of AI software restricted (Reuters) The United States took measures on Friday to restrict exports of artificial intelligence software as part of a bid to keep sensitive technologies out of the hands of rival powers like China. Under a new rule that goes into effect on Monday, companies that export certain types of geospatial imagery software from the US must apply for a licence to send it overseas except when it is being shipped to Canada. “They want to keep American companies from helping the Chinese make better AI products that can help their military,” said James Lewis, a technology expert with the Centre for Strategic and International Studies think tank in Washington.

Only one person died on Oslo’s roads in 2019 (The Independent) Just one person died as a result of traffic accidents across all age groups in Oslo in 2019, official figures have revealed. For the first time ever, no children under the age of 16 died in traffic at all in Norway in the whole of 2019. However, more people were killed in traffic in the rest of the country compared to the year before--110 compared to 108 in 2018.

The decline of Southern Italy (WSJ) The steady decline of Italy’s South, one of Europe’s poorest regions, is emerging as a critical issue for the country’s fragile governing coalition, as banking and industrial troubles there provide a possible opening for a hard-right party seeking to return to power. In recent weeks, the Italian government has said it will take over an important southern bank to save it from collapse, and it is fighting to keep alive Europe’s biggest steel plant and a large factory in Naples. Perennial discontent in the South, which hasn’t fully recovered from the last economic crisis and has scarce job opportunities, makes the region a key political battleground.

Mystery illness in China (The Independent) Scores of people have now contracted a mystery respiratory illness linked to a food market in China, local health authorities said. At least 44 people have now been infected in the outbreak of a new type of viral pneumonia, awakening memories of the 2003 Sars outbreak that killed nearly 800 people. Wuhan city health commission said while 11 of the cases diagnosed since December were listed as critical, all those afflicted were being treated in isolation and 121 people who had been in close contact with them were under observation.

Dozens Arrested After Hong Kong Protest Taking Aim at Chinese Traders (Reuters) Scuffles erupted between police and protesters in Hong Kong on Sunday, with dozens of arrests made, after thousands marched near the border, shouting pro-democracy slogans and venting their anger at mainland Chinese traders.

Cambodia Building Collapse Kills 36 People, Injures 23 Others (Reuters) Thirty-six people were killed and 23 more injured when a tourist guesthouse under construction in Cambodia collapsed, trapping workers under rubble, officials said on Sunday.

Black skies over Australia (Sydney Morning Herald) Skies turned black and ash rained down as fires raged across southeastern Australia on Saturday, threatening power supplies to major cities and prompting the call-up of 3,000 military reservists. Temperature records were smashed, and gale-force winds pounded fire-stricken coastal communities in the two most populous states of New South Wales and Victoria. New South Wales Premier Gladys Berejiklian warned that worst-case scenario projections were “coming to fruition”, although large-scale evacuations meant the human toll was minimised. Since late September, 23 people have died, more than 1,500 homes have been damaged and an area roughly twice the size of Belgium or Hawaii has burned.

Australia’s Bushfire Evacuees Prepare for Another Night on the Beaches (Reuters) The immediate threat from Australia’s devastating bushfires may have eased--at least temporarily--but thousands of people are still living in campsites along the country’s east coast, unable to return home.

Iraq Parliament to Convene Amid Calls to Expel U.S. Troops (Reuters) Iraq’s parliament is set to convene an extraordinary session on Sunday where lawmakers told Reuters they would push for a vote on a resolution requiring the government to request the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq.

Large crowds mourn Iranian general, others killed in U.S. air strike (Reuters) With shouts of “Death to America”, tens of thousands of people marched in Iraq on Saturday to mourn Iranian military commander Qassem Soleimani and an Iraqi militia leader who were killed in a U.S. air strike that has raised the specter of wider conflict in the Middle East.

Death Toll From Airstrike in Libya’s Tripoli Climbs to 30 (AP) The death toll from an airstrike that slammed into a military academy in Libya’s capital climbed to at least 30 people, most of them students, health authorities said Sunday.

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tvdas · 6 years

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Calling Prophet Muhammad a Pedophile Does Not Fall Within Freedom of Speech: European Court

[Mark Steyn wrote this column entitled “Rationalizing Our Surrender” on Nov. 5.] Many readers have asked me to comment on the recent decision by the European Court of Human Rights, summarized in the headline:

Calling Prophet Muhammad a Pedophile Does Not Fall Within Freedom of Speech: European Cour

And yet, oddly, calling Muhammad a prophet now seems to be binding on non-Muslim headline writers. I don’t really have anything to say about this case that I haven’t said a decade and a half back and at great length in my book America Alone - to whit, absent any reversal of the demographic trends, some of the oldest nations in Christendom would soon begin making their accommodations with an ever more assertive Islam.

But, alas, nobody who matters listened to me, and thus “soon” has now arrived - which is why the most powerful European institutions (courts, media, police, bureaucracy) are increasingly eager to shovel core Western liberties into the landfill.

With regard to this particular case, I wrote about it at the time - seven long years ago:

Consider the case of Elisabeth Sabaditsch-Wolff, a Viennese housewife who has lived in several Muslim countries. She was hauled into an Austrian court for calling Mohammed a pedophile on the grounds that he consummated his marriage when his bride, Aisha, was nine years old. Mrs. Sabbaditsch-Wolff was found guilty and fined 480 euros. The judge’s reasoning was fascinating: ‘Paedophilia is factually incorrect, since paedophilia is a sexual preference which solely or mainly is directed towards children. Nevertheless, it does not apply to Mohammad. He was still married to Aisha when she was 18.’

Ah, gotcha. So, under Austrian law, you’re not a pedophile if you deflower the kid in fourth grade but keep her around till high school. There’s a useful tip if you’re planning a hiking holiday in the Alps this fall. Or is this another of those dispensations that is not of universal application?

We now know the answer to that question. For the record, I have met Mrs Sabaditsch-Wolff just once - at the European Parliament a few years back. She is a most forceful and engaging personality. You get no sense of that from the Court’s decision, of course, where the appellant has degenerated to a mere set of initials – “E S”. One of the revolting aspects of Continental “justice” is the way the police and media preference for the non-identification of “victims” has expanded to a general denial of the specific humanity of those who come before the courts. I had cause the other day to recall the ancient legal principle that the public has the right to every man’s evidence. But, increasingly, not in Europe. So Mrs Sabaditsch-Wolff is now “E S”.

The ruling itself is a sobering read. You’ll recall a few years back that President Obama assured us that “the future will not belong to those who slander the Prophet of Islam”. De facto, that appears to be true, but de jure it’s a problematic concept in that, in English law and elsewhere, it’s not technically possible to “slander” a bloke who's been six foot under for 1,400 years. You can’t libel the dead. So instead the Euro-jurists have been forced to take refuge in the slippery concept (very familiar to those of us who’ve been ensnared in Canada’s “human rights” machinery” of “balance”:

In today's Chamber judgment 1 in the case of E.S. v. Austria (application no. 38450/12) the European Court of Human Rights held, unanimously, that there had been:

no violation of Article 10 (freedom of expression) of the European Convention on Human Rights.

The case concerned the applicant's conviction for disparaging religious doctrines; she had made statements suggesting that Muhammad had had paedophilic tendencies.

The Court found in particular that the domestic courts comprehensively assessed the wider context of the applicant’s statements and carefully balanced her right to freedom of expression with the right of others to have their religious feelings protected...

Whoa, hold it right there. There was “no violation” of freedom of expression because the courts “carefully balanced” freedom of expression with the right of others to have their religious feelings protected - and came down on the side of protecting feelings rather than freedom of expression.

The late Jennifer Lynch, QC, then head of the Canadian “Human Rights” Commission, used to talk about “balancing” free speech with other rights - and, then as now, “balancing” is code for nullifying: If your right to free speech has to be balanced with people’s “feelings”, then as a practical matter there is no free speech.

There is also no truth: It is not the defendant who “had made statements suggesting that Muhammad had had paedophilic tendencies” but the Hadith, which after the Koran are the most sacred foundational texts of Islam and in whose literal truth Muslims are enjoined to believe:

[60] What about he, who consummated marriage with a girl of nine

5158- Urwa narrated: The Messenger of Allah ‘Allah's blessing and peace be upon him’ married A’isha when she was six years old, and consummated his marriage with her when she was nine. She remained with him nine years (till he died).

So it’s not that it’s illegal to “suggest” that the Big Mo “had paedophilic tendencies”, it’s just illegal to suggest there’s anything wrong with that. . . . This dispensation is not of universal application. . . . If you spent (like the girls I met two years ago) a decade of your life being passed around dozens, hundreds of “Asian” men in Rotherham, Telford, Rochdale, Oxford, Bristol, Sheffield, Newcastle and on and on, that’s rather bad luck on your part but it’s not really a “suggestion” of anything prosecutable, is it? Especially if you’re suggesting that there might be any connection between the relaxed attitude to child sexual abuse that one observes in, ahem, certain communities throughout Europe and scriptural authorities that might provide a justification thereof. As the European Court noted:

The national courts found that Mrs S. had subjectively labelled Muhammad with paedophilia as his general sexual preference, and that she failed to neutrally inform her audience of the historical background, which consequently did not allow for a serious debate on that issue.

That is a disturbing basis on which to license speech. The full decision goes even further, and is a revealing glimpse of the state’s willingness to shrivel “free speech” to the point where the term is rendered meaningless:

The Regional Court further stated that anyone who wished to exercise their rights under Article 10 of the Convention was subject to duties and responsibilities, such as refraining from making statements which hurt others without reason and therefore did not contribute to a debate of public interest. A balancing exercise between the rights under Article 9 on the one hand and those under Article 10 on the other needed to be carried out. The court considered that the applicant's statements were not statements of fact, but derogatory value judgments which exceeded the permissible limits. It held that the applicant had not intended to approach the topic in an objective manner, but had directly aimed to degrade Muhammad. The court stated that child marriages were not the same as paedophilia, and were not only a phenomenon of Islam, but also used to be widespread among the European ruling dynasties.

Great. So maybe in Rotherham they should just start marrying the six-year-olds and all will be well. It should hardly be necessary to state that freedom of speech except for “statements which hurt others” and do “not contribute to a debate” or “approach the topic in an objective manner” is not freedom of speech at all, but merely-narrowly construed state-regulated speech. And in Europe the courts are perfectly cool with that:

The interference with the applicant’s freedoms under Article 10 of the Convention had therefore been justified. As to the applicant’s argument that those who participated in the seminar knew of her critical approach and could not be offended, the Court of Appeal found that the public seminar had been offered for free to young voters by the Austrian Freedom Party Education Institute, and at least one participant had been offended, as her complaints had led to the applicant being charged.

That was an anonymous undercover “journalist” - because the media regard “E S” as a greater threat than the Islamization of Austria.

I see that Irish voters have just voted to repeal their ancient and unused (Christian) blasphemy laws following a similar repeal a decade ago in England and Wales. Scotland and Northern Ireland retain them, so the advice on either side of the Irish Sea is, if minded to Christian heresy, take a short drive south. But where do you motor if minded to Islamic apostasy? From the Court’s conclusion:

The Court found in conclusion that in the instant case the domestic courts carefully balanced the applicant's right to freedom of expression with the rights of others to have their religious feelings protected, and to have religious peace preserved in Austrian society

The Court held further that even in a lively discussion it was not compatible with Article 10 of the Convention to pack incriminating statements into the wrapping of an otherwise acceptable expression of opinion and claim that this rendered passable those statements exceeding the permissible limits of freedom of expression.

The right “to have religious peace preserved in Austrian society”: Good luck with that. There will be much more of this: In the interests of “religious peace”, the prohibitions of Islam are being extended to infidels, and the linguistic contortions of courts and media and police and bureaucrats confirm that Europe has moved on to the next tragic stage of its civilizational suicide: rationalizing its surrender.

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