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Do you like the color of the Sun?

Get ready to be dazzled by the true spectrum of solar beauty. From fiery reds to cool blues, explore the vibrant hues of the Sun in a mesmerizing color order. These images were taken in a wavelength of extreme ultraviolet light to clearly see any activity on the surface of the Sun — giving scientists a wealth of data for solar studies.

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What We Learned from Flying a Helicopter on Mars

The Ingenuity Mars Helicopter made history – not only as the first aircraft to perform powered, controlled flight on another world – but also for exceeding expectations, pushing the limits, and setting the stage for future NASA aerial exploration of other worlds.

Built as a technology demonstration designed to perform up to five experimental test flights over 30 days, Ingenuity performed flight operations from the Martian surface for almost three years. The helicopter ended its mission on Jan. 25, 2024, after sustaining damage to its rotor blades during its 72nd flight.

So, what did we learn from this small but mighty helicopter?

We can fly rotorcraft in the thin atmosphere of other planets.

Ingenuity proved that powered, controlled flight is possible on other worlds when it took to the Martian skies for the first time on April 19, 2021.

Flying on planets like Mars is no easy feat: The Red Planet has a significantly lower gravity – one-third that of Earth’s – and an extremely thin atmosphere, with only 1% the pressure at the surface compared to our planet. This means there are relatively few air molecules with which Ingenuity’s two 4-foot-wide (1.2-meter-wide) rotor blades can interact to achieve flight.

Ingenuity performed several flights dedicated to understanding key aerodynamic effects and how they interact with the structure and control system of the helicopter, providing us with a treasure-trove of data on how aircraft fly in the Martian atmosphere.

Now, we can use this knowledge to directly improve performance and reduce risk on future planetary aerial vehicles.

Creative solutions and “ingenuity” kept the helicopter flying longer than expected.

Over an extended mission that lasted for almost 1,000 Martian days (more than 33 times longer than originally planned), Ingenuity was upgraded with the ability to autonomously choose landing sites in treacherous terrain, dealt with a dead sensor, dusted itself off after dust storms, operated from 48 different airfields, performed three emergency landings, and survived a frigid Martian winter.

Fun fact: To keep costs low, the helicopter contained many off-the-shelf-commercial parts from the smartphone industry - parts that had never been tested in deep space. Those parts also surpassed expectations, proving durable throughout Ingenuity’s extended mission, and can inform future budget-conscious hardware solutions.

There is value in adding an aerial dimension to interplanetary surface missions.

Ingenuity traveled to Mars on the belly of the Perseverance rover, which served as the communications relay for Ingenuity and, therefore, was its constant companion. The helicopter also proved itself a helpful scout to the rover.

After its initial five flights in 2021, Ingenuity transitioned to an “operations demonstration,” serving as Perseverance’s eyes in the sky as it scouted science targets, potential rover routes, and inaccessible features, while also capturing stereo images for digital elevation maps.

Airborne assets like Ingenuity unlock a new dimension of exploration on Mars that we did not yet have – providing more pixels per meter of resolution for imaging than an orbiter and exploring locations a rover cannot reach.

Tech demos can pay off big time.

Ingenuity was flown as a technology demonstration payload on the Mars 2020 mission, and was a high risk, high reward, low-cost endeavor that paid off big. The data collected by the helicopter will be analyzed for years to come and will benefit future Mars and other planetary missions.

Just as the Sojourner rover led to the MER-class (Spirit and Opportunity) rovers, and the MSL-class (Curiosity and Perseverance) rovers, the team believes Ingenuity’s success will lead to future fleets of aircraft at Mars.

In general, NASA’s Technology Demonstration Missions test and advance new technologies, and then transition those capabilities to NASA missions, industry, and other government agencies. Chosen technologies are thoroughly ground- and flight-tested in relevant operating environments — reducing risks to future flight missions, gaining operational heritage and continuing NASA’s long history as a technological leader.

You can fall in love with robots on another planet.

Following in the tracks of beloved Martian rovers, the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter built up a worldwide fanbase. The Ingenuity team and public awaited every single flight with anticipation, awe, humor, and hope.

Check out #ThanksIngenuity on social media to see what’s been said about the helicopter’s accomplishments.

Learn more about Ingenuity’s accomplishments here. And make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space!

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So there's this Flat Earther who said he was traveling to the Ice Wall last September to prove the Earth was flat. He has not posted since.

Here are some theories on his current whereabouts:

He fell off

Too busy partying on the continent of Geminia to post anymore

He discovered a second, bigger ice wall

He died alone in the frigid wastes of Antarctica, aware at last of his folly as he slowly, painfully expired, his body never again to be seen by human eyes

Here be dragons (they ate him)

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Meanwhile, in the world of football, the Pop Tart Bowl had an anthropomorphic Pop Tart who asked to be lowered into a giant toaster, holding a sign saying "DREAMS REALLY DO COME TRUE"

The toaster then spat out a human-sized Pop Tart with a face for the winning team to eat

And they devoured the edible mascot ravenously

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While we mourn the loss of a young man who had much ahead of him, I want to showcase #TyreNichols in his true essence. He was a loving father, considerate son, and loyal friend with a passion for skateboarding and photography. Rest in power and assurance knowing that we will continue to seek justice for you. It’s time we reevaluate a system where 10% of all police brutality occurs at traffic stops. Please consider donating to the family during this difficult time via the link below. #JusticeForTyreNichols 🎥: Austin Dean

www.gofundme.com/f/tyre-nichols

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Cookies for Christmas

Still searching for some holiday baking options? These Christmas cookie recipes come from a small booklet in our Minneapolis and Hennepin County Vertical Subject Files.

Hennepin County Libraries will be closed December 24 and 25, 2021 for Christmas.

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Autumn on Minnehaha Creek

Some scenes never really change...like the autumn leaves along the creek. Fall color up north may already be past its peak, but there are still many opportunities to catch fiery foliage right in the city, where colors peak later in the season. Happy leaf-peeping!

See more Minnehaha Creek postcards in the Hennepin County Library Digital Collections. Find tons of Minnehaha Falls postcards too.

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@macaris_official #colorsound #fuzz + @earthquakerdev / @deathbyaudioeffects #timeshadows running the #DBA side of things. . . . #colorsoundfuzz #time #shadows #deathbyaudio #generateapp #effects #pedals #pedalsandeffects #guitarfx #telecaster #tele #electric #guitar #effect #pedal https://www.instagram.com/p/CHoETP5nDgW/?igshid=12ttqitf5klt2

#colorsound #fuzz #timeshadows #dba #colorsoundfuzz #time #shadows #deathbyaudio #generateapp #effects #pedals #pedalsandeffects #guitarfx #telecaster #tele #electric #guitar #effect #pedal

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#fvckcancer #ripalextrebek https://www.instagram.com/p/CHWI_xBn8FR/?igshid=1uyhrdjc3u53m

#fvckcancer #ripalextrebek

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#fuzzfriday @spruceeffects #oneknobfuzz #fuzzface #1knob + @championleccy #thewoozy #modulator #telecaster #guitar #guitarfx #effect #pedal #pedalsandeffects #effects #pedals #championleccy #championleccywoozy #woozy #spruce #fuzz #face #tourgeardesigns @tourgeardesigns #flatpatchcables #generateapp https://www.instagram.com/p/CHRSBDnArQD/?igshid=14ye4dip5mc9v

#fuzzfriday #oneknobfuzz #fuzzface #1knob #thewoozy #modulator #telecaster #guitar #guitarfx #effect #pedal #pedalsandeffects #effects #pedals #championleccy #championleccywoozy #woozy #spruce #fuzz #face #tourgeardesigns #flatpatchcables #generateapp

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#pedalrainbow . . . @championleccy @dodpedals @midfielectronics @vaderinpedals @mtl.asm @fuzzlordeffects @tourgeardesigns https://www.instagram.com/p/CHN9sm_Hrdl/?igshid=1onsdbyyjdesh

#pedalrainbow

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@pladaskelektrisk #draume #grain #trail #reverb #granular #pladaskelektrisk #klon #centaur #kloncentaur #overdrive #generateapp #guitar #telecaster #pedalsandeffects #guitarfx #pedals #effects #pedal #effect #gearybusey #knowyourtone #pladask #elektrisk #pladaskelektriskdraume https://www.instagram.com/p/CHHDksdn0GX/?igshid=wi2eaiqxc5l1

#draume #grain #trail #reverb #granular #pladaskelektrisk #klon #centaur #kloncentaur #overdrive #generateapp #guitar #telecaster #pedalsandeffects #guitarfx #pedals #effects #pedal #effect #gearybusey #knowyourtone #pladask #elektrisk #pladaskelektriskdraume

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#telecaster > @electrofoods.pedals + @spruceeffects . . . #spruceeffects #tonebendermkiii #electrofoodsultd #radsickness #fuzz #pedalsandeffects #guitarfx #gearybusey #knowyourtone #effects #pedals #pedal #effect https://www.instagram.com/p/CHEb-w7nXOU/?igshid=15c72y4e5tbap

#telecaster #spruceeffects #tonebendermkiii #electrofoodsultd #radsickness #fuzz #pedalsandeffects #guitarfx #gearybusey #knowyourtone #effects #pedals #pedal #effect

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@electrofoods.pedals & @spruceeffects #sittinginatree ❤️ 💘 🌲 🌳 🍱 ⚡️ . . . #spruceeffects #tonebendermkiii #bigbox #electrofoodspedals #electrofoodsultd #radsickness #guitar #pedals #telecaster #tele #generateapp #effects #pedalsandeffects #effect #pedal #gearybusey #knowyourtone https://www.instagram.com/p/CHD_brTnzaZ/?igshid=1nj8hewoyh2yc

#sittinginatree #spruceeffects #tonebendermkiii #bigbox #electrofoodspedals #electrofoodsultd #radsickness #guitar #pedals #telecaster #tele #generateapp #effects #pedalsandeffects #effect #pedal #gearybusey #knowyourtone

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@spruceeffects #bigbox #mkiii #spruceeffects #tonebender #tonebendermkiii #fuzz https://www.instagram.com/p/CHCAeqzniiq/?igshid=sqrzgmojox9g

#bigbox #mkiii #spruceeffects #tonebender #tonebendermkiii #fuzz

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Photo of Apple in Bowl by Window https://www.instagram.com/p/CG6NJYSlQu6/?igshid=pinl4wbpg8qd