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Me and Margaret Mee
Me and Margaret Mee
Margaret Mee, 1957
Recently I met a gent in his late seventies who knew Margaret Mee and he shared something that was another indicator (to me) that I was pursuing the work of my life, he showed me originals of her artwork, further he went on to tell me of his journeys with Margaret, when he was a teenager. Incredibly, he and his father drove on the amazon expeditions for Ms. Mee, to hunt for…
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Amélia Cirimbelli Brillinger
If you want to learn about wild orchid and a scientific strategy for global plant conservation, or about what lives in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, which has less than 9% original growth forest remaining, then the greenhouse named after a woman called Amélia is something you’re going to want to know about. To the best of my knowledge, there’s no other place on earth quite like the Orquidário Amélia Cirimbelli Brillinger. Also, timing could not be better because just less than one year ago this magnificent wild orchid nursery was opened to the public (by appointment) just send a message here.
The rainforest of Brazil is the native habitat for wild orchid, therefore to protect this plant is conservation of the rainforest. To own an orchid is to own a small piece of the rainforest but more importantly, the entire process of collecting and cultivating wild plants may possibly be the of the most important thing we can do to save the rainforest. It’s not just a great idea, it’s hands-on action, plus it connects the mind to the idea, of what’s at stake if we do nothing and how small things can make a big difference over time. Awareness of this idea is what drives Marcelo Vieira Nascimento, the mastermind behind this amazing plant conservation project.
Santa Catarina holds 44.14% of all accepted orchid genera known in Brazil; and 24.36% of the species are endemic to the state of Santa Catarina. This statistic led to Santa Catarina Federation of Orchids (FCO) to create a nursery where you can personally meet all these species, including those that have never had the human influence, in other words: wild orchid.
When the Orquidário was opened, they also launched Atlas Orchid Santa Catarina, consisting of a website with all the information of the species. The initiatives are a partnership between the FCO and the corporation; Prosul Projects, Supervision and Planning Ltd., through technical, scientific and institutional cooperation agreement. The nursery takes Wilfredo, President of Prosul mother’s name Brillinger.
Marcelo Vieira Nascimento
[box]Marcelo Vieira Nascimento, president of the FCO, emphasizes the importance of a nursery with all species for public visitation. “We will welcome direct orchids and exclusively from our forests through field expeditions to the work of the Atlas of Santa Catarina Orchids, something no one has done before and will greatly assist the work of researchers,” said the president, noting that all plants and projects have authorization from the relevant environmental agencies at the state and federal levels.[/box]
Aside from the impressive nursery and laboratory, which is exceptional in it’s design and functionality, complete with calibrated water filtration systems to guarantee the purest organic water, there is also a private library with over 1,000 books on Orchidaceae, perhaps the single largest collection in existence, to which scholars, particularly from Germany make visitations to. Also, there are two other very important functions to the Orquidário Amélia Cirimbelli Brillinger, which include Illustration Art and a Herbarium. [sticky]Herbarium (plural: herbaria) sometimes known by the Anglicized term herbar – is a collection of preserved plant specimens. These specimens may be whole plants or plant parts: these will usually be in a dried form mounted on a sheet but, depending upon the material, may also be kept in alcohol or other preservative, this project is associated with the university.[/sticky]
COLLECTIONS of BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
The biological collections are sets of organisms, or parts thereof, arranged in order to provide information about the origin, collection and identification of each of the specimens.
These collections have basic purpose representatives maintain biodiversity of particular country, state, city or region in ex-situ conditions, either live or fixed, developing and maintaining databases for research purposes.
The biological collections are biodiversity documentation centers, composed of the collection itself, by a specialized library and the researchers who work maintaining, expanding and interpreting the data provided by them.
It is the basis for the databases of biodiversity, which in turn are critical to conservation efforts. Thus, the collections are various purposes, knowledge and historical record of biodiversity, the provision of subsidies for conducting ecological studies as an indication of the most representative areas for conservation, through analysis of the occurrence, abundance and distribution of biological species as well as bio-geography studies.
The target audience of the collection is made up of researchers and students of graduate and undergraduate, ie the national and international academic society. The maintenance of these databases also is intended to guide decision makers of public policy at the national, state, local or regional level.
The objectives of Biological Science Collection (Orquidário Amelia Cirimbelli Brillinger), are:
I – Preservation and perpetuation of existing and known species that may be found in the state of Santa Catarina;
II – for studies and scientific research for the improvement, development and preservation of the orchid family, so as to reach the highest level of knowledge in them;
III – primary material sources for basic and applied studies and witness of these studies.
IV – Implementation cultural and educational programs designed to arouse interest in the Orchidaceae family, through samples and / or exhibitions, courses, debates, symposia, conferences and congresses, the exchange with similar associations, universities and the scientific world;
Thus, data on the biodiversity of orchid family in the state of Santa Catarina will allow to be viable, in fact, the Teaching-Research-Extension triad, promoting contact the scientific community with the material of interest, as well as providing contact initial lay community.
Please visit the ATLAS DAS ORQUÍDEAS DE SANTA CATARINA
Orquidário Amélia Cirimbelli Brillinger If you want to learn about wild orchid and a scientific strategy for global plant conservation, or about what lives in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, which has less than 9% original growth forest remaining, then the greenhouse named after a woman called Amélia is something you're going to want to know about.
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Queen of Brazil Orchids
Queen of Brazil Orchids
The Laelia purpurata, was known even before it’s description, as found in the book Voyages Pittoresques au Brésil 1835, it appears in some pictures and botanical illustrations made by the painter and botanical illustrator Maurice Rugendanz. However, its discovery for science took place in 1847 by François Devos then in the coastal Imperial Province of Santa Catarina today known as the city of…
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Roberto Burle Marx of Brazil
Roberto Burle Marx of Brazil
Roberto Burle Marx was the greatest thing to ever happen to plants in Brazil, he’s internationally known as one of the most important landscape architects of the 20th century. An artist of multiple facets, besides being a landscape designer he was also a remarkable painter, sculptor, singer, and jewelry designer, with a sensibility that is shown throughout his work.
Roberto Burle Marx
Born in São…
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12 Endangered Wild Orchid (plant species) of Brazil
12 Endangered Wild Orchid (plant species) of Brazil
The IUCN Red List of Threatened species plays a prominent role in guiding conservation activities of governments, NGOs and scientific institutions. The categories used by the IUCN include; least concern, near threatened, vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered, extinct in the wild and extinct.
In Brazil the Ministry of Environmentprovide excellent reports and studies, as well as their…
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Illustration of Oncidium hallii
Meet the Oncidium genus
Oncidium, abbreviated as Onc. in the horticultural trade, is a genus that contains about 330 species of orchids from the subtribe Oncidiinae of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The Oncidiinae is a subtribe within the Orchidaceae that consists of a number of genera that are closely related. This subtribe consists of about 70 genera with over 1000 species, with Oncidium as its largest genus. These genera consist of a single floral type based on the angle of the attachment of the lip to the column, reflecting pollinator preferences. Most Oncidioid species have well-developed pseudobulbs and conduplicate leaves.
With a mix of science and specialized practices, it’s possible to form hybrids in some instances between multiple genera within the Oncidiinae. One such result of this horticultural art, is the beautiful orchid sold here in Brazil by the brand-name of “The Hawaiian Orchid”, as it’s just that, a brand, although it’s a marvel of modern botanical mastery, and deserves to become the species bearing the name of the great State of Hawaii, which in it’s own right; is a mecca of orchid growers, but the fact remains that to date (to the best of knowledge) there doesn’t exist an actual Hawaiian Orchid, however there most certainly is a Florida Orchid (Oncidium floridanum), a very similar looking beauty from the same subtribe: Oncidium/Oncidiinae.
[sticky]Hybrids are often referred to as “intergenerics.”[/sticky]
[box type="info" style="rounded"]In 2008, Oxfords Annals of Botany labeled the Oncidium alliance “grossly polyphyletic.” The American Orchid Society labeled this genus a “dumping ground.” After DNA testing and much debate, a consensus was announced (April 2013) resulting in major taxonomic changes to Oncidium, Gomesa, Odontoglossum, Miltonia, and others. Much of this debate and subsequent housekeeping was initiated by significant research for the scientific publication Genera Orchidacearum Volume 5. As a result, much of the information in this article is now deprecated, but still of great value. One significant change is the move of most Brazilian Oncidium with a fused lateral sepal to the genus Gomesa. The Royal Horticultural Society system, the World Checklist of Monocots database at http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do and the American Orchid Society have already updated their databases to reflect most of these changes.[/box]
Description
This genus was first described by Olof Swartz in 1800 with the orchid Oncidium altissimum, which has become the type species. Its name is derived from the Greek word “onkos”, meaning “swelling”. This refers to the callus at the lower lip.
Most species in the Oncidium genus are epiphytes, although some are lithophytes or terrestrials. They are widespread from northern Mexico, the Caribbean, and some parts of South Florida to South America. They usually occur in seasonally dry areas.
They can be divided in three categories, according to their growth pattern:
Some have green pseudobulbs and long racemes with small flowers and a dominant lip. They are mostly golden yellow with or without reddish-brown barring, but some are brown or yellowish-brown. Other Oncidium species have white and pink blooms, while some even have startling, deep red colors in their flowers.
Another group has extremely small pseudobulbs and stiff, erect, solitary leaves. These cylindrical leaves act as a water reserve. They have long racemes with yellow flowers that seem to fan out at the top. Sizes of these orchids can vary from miniature plants of a couple of centimetres to giants with 30 cm-long leaves and racemes of more than one metre long. These species, known as the Mule-Ears, are now classed as Psychopsis.
Formerly there was a third group, called the Variegata or equitant oncidiums. They have no pseudobulbs, giving fan-shaped shoots of less than 15 cm, with triangular section leaves. These oval, broad and spongy leaves act as storage organs. Their flowers are most complicated with exquisite colors. The sepals are somewhat fleshy. The petals and the lip are membranaceous. These orchids are now classified as Tolumnia. Cyrtochilum is another genus that many Oncidium species have recently been reclassified into; Cyrtochilum species have extremely long, winding inflorescences that can sometimes reach 20′ or more, curled petals that result in three-pointed blooms, and rambling growth habits in which each new pseudobulb appears on top of the old one.
Oncidium species are characterised by the following properties :
presence of column wings
presence of a complicated callus on the lip (this can be used to separate the taxa).
pseudobulbs with one to three leaves.
several basal bracts at the base of the pseudobulbs.
The flowers of the Oncidium genus come in shades of yellow, red, white and pink. The petals are often ruffled on the edges, as is the lip. The lip is enormous, partially blocking the small petals and sepals.
Some Oncidium orchids are very long : Oncidum altissimum and Oncidium baueri can grow to a height of 5 m, while Oncidum sarcodes can reach 3 m.
They are known as ‘spray orchids’ among some florists. They are very varied and are easily hybridised with Odontoglossum. Together with other closely related genera (Cochlioda, Miltonia, Cuitlauzina, Miltoniopsis, Osmoglossum, Leochilus, Comparettia, Cyrtochilum, Odontoglossum, Tolumnia, Rhynchostele [formerly Lemboglossum], Psychopsis, etc.) they form the Oncidium alliance. Some of the best Oncidium alliance hybrids originate from Oncidium tigrinum and Oncidium incurvum, when crossed with Odontoglossums, although hybridization possibilities of this group of orchids are endless, and there are literally hundreds of thousands of excellent hybrids in the Oncidium alliance.
Florida Orchid (Oncidium floridanum)
Selected species
Oncidium aberrans (Brazil – Paraná).
Oncidium abortivum (Venezuela to Ecuador).
Oncidium abruptum (Colombia to Ecuador).
Oncidium acinaceum (Ecuador to Peru).
Oncidium acrochordonia (Colombia).
Oncidium adelaidae (Colombia).
Oncidium advena (N. Venezuela).
Oncidium albini (Brazil – Paraná).
Oncidium alcicorne (Colombia).
Oncidium allenii (Panama).
Oncidium aloisii (Ecuador).
Oncidium altissimum : “Wydler‘s Dancing-lady Orchid” (Jamaica).
Oncidium amabile (Brazil).
Oncidium amictum (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium amoenum (Mexico).
Oncidium ampliatumLindl. (Panama) (now a synonym of the accepted name Chelyorchis ampliata (Lindl.) Dressler & N.H.Williams in G.A.Romero & G.Carnevali, 2000 )
Oncidium andradeanum (Ecuador to Peru).
Oncidium andreae (Colombia).
Oncidium andreanum (SW. Mexico).
Oncidium angustisegmentum (Peru).
Oncidium × ann-hadderae (O. haitiense × O. variegatum) (Dominican Republic).
Oncidium anomalum (Colombia).
Oncidium ansiferum (C. America to Colombia).
Oncidium anthocrene (Colombia to Ecuador).
Oncidium antioquiense (Colombia).
Oncidium ariasii (Peru).
Oncidium arizajulianum (Dominican Republic) (now synonym of Tolumnia arizajuliana)
Oncidium armillare (W. South America to N. Venezuela).
Oncidium aspecum (Peru).
Oncidium auricula (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium auriferum (Colombia to NW. Venezuela).
Oncidium aurorae (Peru).
Oncidium ayabacanum (Peru).
Oncidium baccatum (Venezuela).
Oncidium bahiense (Cogn.) Schltr (NE Brasil)
Oncidium barbaceniae (Brazil – Minas Gerais).
Oncidium barbatum (Brazil to Bolivia).
Oncidium batemannianum (Brazil to Peru).
Oncidium baueri (Trop. America).
Oncidium bennettii (Peru).
Oncidium bicolor (NE. Venezuela to Brazil).
Oncidium bidentatum (Ecuador).
Oncidium bifolium (Brazil to N. Argentina).
Oncidium blanchetii (E. & S. Brazil.).
Oncidium boothianum (Venezuela to Ecuador).
Oncidium brachyandrum (Mexico)
Oncidium brachystachys (Colombia).
Oncidium brachystegium (Bolivia).
Oncidium bracteatum (Costa Rica to Colombia).
Oncidium braunii (Trop. America) (?).
Oncidium brevilabrum (Colombia.
Oncidium brunleesianum (Brazil – Rio de Janeiro).
Oncidium brunnipetalum (S. Brazil).
Oncidium bryocladium (Colombia).
Oncidium bryolophotum (Costa Rica to Panama).
Oncidium buchtienii (Bolivia).
Oncidium bustosii Königer (Ecuador)
Oncidium calanthum (Ecuador to Peru).
Oncidium callistum (Colombia).
Oncidium calochilum (Cayman Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic) (now synonym of Tolumnia calochila)
Oncidium caminiophorum (N. Venezuela).
Oncidium cardiostigma (Mexico).
Oncidium × cassolanum (O. cornigerum × O. riograndense) (S. Brazil).
Oncidium caucanum (Colombia).
Oncidium cebolleta (Mexico to Brazil) (synonym of the accepted name : Trichocentrum cebolleta (Jacq.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, 2001
Oncidium chapadense (Brazil – Goiás).
Oncidium cheirophorum (Mexico – Chiapas to Colombia).
Oncidium chrysomorphum (Colombia to N. Venezuela).
Oncidium chrysops (Mexico – Guerrero, Oaxaca).
Oncidium chrysopteranthum (Brazil).
Oncidium chrysopterum (WC. Brazil to Bolivia).
Oncidium chrysothyrsus (SE. Brazil)
Oncidium ciliatum (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium citrinum (Trinidad to Venezuela).
Oncidium cogniauxianum (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium × colnagoi. (O. forbesii × O.) (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium coloratum (Brazil – Espírito Santo) (now synonym of Carria colorata (Königer & J.G.Weinm.bis) V.P.Castro & K.G.Lacerda 2005)
Oncidium compressicaule (Haiti) (now synonym of Tolumnia compressicaulis)
Oncidium concolor (Brazil to NE. Argentina).
Oncidium cornigerum (SE. & S. Brazil to Paraguay).
Oncidium crassopterum (Peru).
Oncidium crispum (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium cristatellum (Brazil to Ecuador).
Oncidium croesus (Brazil – Rio de Janeiro).
Oncidium cruciferum (Peru).
Oncidium cultratum (Ecuador) .
Oncidium curtum (Brazil – Rio de Janeiro).
Oncidium cycnicolle (Colombia to Ecuador).
Oncidium dactyliferum (Venezuela to Ecuador).
Oncidium dactylopterum (Colombia).
Oncidium dasytyle (Brazil – Rio de Janeiro).
Oncidium decorum (Colombia).
Oncidium deltoideum (N. Peru).
Oncidium dichromaticum (Costa Rica to Colombia).
Oncidium disciferum (Bolivia).
Oncidium discobulbon (Peru).
Oncidium divaricatum (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium donianum (Brazil – São Paulo).
Oncidium drepanopterum (Ecuador).
Oncidium durangense (Mexico – Durango).
Oncidium duveenii (Brazil).
Oncidium echinophorum (Brazil – Rio de Janeiro).
Oncidium echinops (Ecuador).
Oncidium edmundoi (Brazil).
Oncidium edwallii (Brazil to NE. Argentina).
Oncidium elephantotis (NW. Venezuela to Ecuador).
Oncidium emilii (Paraguay).
Oncidium enderianum (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium endocharis (Mexico – Chiapas to C. America).
Oncidium ensatum : (S. Mexico, Cuba, Florida, Bahamas, NW. Venezuela).
Oncidium erucatum (Ecuador).
Oncidium estradae (Ecuador).
Oncidium eurycline (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium exalatum (Panama).
Oncidium exasperatoides (Peru).
Oncidium excavatum (C. America to Peru).
Oncidium fasciculatum (Mexico – Oaxaca, Chiapas to Guatemala).
Oncidium fasciferum (Peru).
Oncidium fimbriatum (Brazil to NE. Argentina).
Oncidium flexuosum (E. & S. Brazil to NC. Argentina).
Oncidium floridanum : syn of O. ensatum
Oncidium × floride-phillipsae (O. prionochilum × O. variegatum) (Leeward Is.).
Oncidium forbesii (Brazil – Minas Gerais).
Oncidium formosissimum (Ecuador to Peru).
Oncidium fragae (Brazil – Rio de Janeiro).
Oncidium fuscans (Brazil – Minas Gerais).
Oncidium fuscatum (Ecuador to Peru).
Oncidium fuscopetalum (WC. Brazil).
Oncidium gardneri (Ecuador, SE. Brazil).
Oncidium × gardstyle (O. dasystyle × O. gardneri) (Brazil – Rio de Janeiro).
Oncidium gauntlettii (Jamaica) (now synonym of Tolumnia gauntlettii)
Oncidium geertianum (C. & SW. Mexico).
Oncidium gilvum (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium gracile (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium graciliforme (C.Panama).
Oncidium gracillimum (Colombia).
Oncidium graminifolium (Mexico to C. America).
Oncidium gravesianum (E. Brazil).
Oncidium guianense (Hispaniola) (now synonym of Tolumnia guianensis)
Oncidium guibertianum (Cuba) (now synonym of Tolumnia guibertiana)
Oncidium guttatum (Mexico to Colombia and Caribbean) (now synonym of Tolumnia guttata)
Oncidium gyrobulbon (Ecuador).
Oncidium hagsaterianum (Mexico to Guatemala).
Oncidium haitiense (Hispaniola) (now synonym of Tolumnia haitensis)
Oncidium hannelorae (Windward Is.-(Dominica).
Oncidium hapalotyle (Colombia to Ecuador).
Oncidium harrisonianum (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium hastatum (Mexico).
Oncidium hastilabium (W. South America).
Oncidium hatschbachii (Brazil – Paraná).
Oncidium helgae (Ecuador).
Oncidium herzogii (Bolivia to NW. Argentina).
Oncidium heteranthum (S. Trop. America).
Oncidium hians (Peru, SE. Brazil).
Oncidium hieroglyphicum (Peru).
Oncidium hintonii (N. & SW. Mexico).
Oncidium hirtzii (Ecuador – Napo).
Oncidium hookeri (SE. & S. Brazil.
Oncidium hydrophilum (Brazil to Paraguay).
Oncidium hyphaematicum (W. South America).
Oncidium imitans (Costa Rica).
Oncidium imperatoris-maximiliani (Brazil – Rio de Janeiro).
Oncidium incurvum (Mexico – Veracruz to Chiapas).
Oncidium inouei (Peru).
Oncidium insigne (Brazil).
Oncidium ionopterum (Peru – Cajamarca).
Oncidium iricolor (Trop. America) (?).
Oncidium isidrense (Peru).
Oncidium isopterum (Brazil – Minas Gerais).
Oncidium isthmii (Costa Rica to Panama).
Oncidium kautskyi (Brazil).
Oncidium klotzschianum (Costa Rica to Venezuela and Peru).
Oncidium kraenzlinianum (Brazil).
Oncidium kramerianum (Costa Rica to Suriname and Ecuador) (now synonym of Psychopsis krameriana)
Oncidium lancifolium (Ecuador).
Oncidium leinigii (Brazil).
Oncidium leleui (SW. Mexico).
Oncidium lentiginosum (Colombia to N. Venezuela).
Oncidium leopardinum (Peru).
Oncidium lepidum (Ecuador)
Oncidium lepturum (Bolivia).
Oncidium leucochilum (SE. Mexico to Guatemala).
Oncidium lietzei (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium ligiae (Colombia).
Oncidium lindleyi (S. Mexico to Guatemala).
Oncidium lineoligerum (N. Peru).
Oncidium litum (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium loechiloides (Venezuela).
Oncidium loefgrenii (SE. & S. Brazil).
Oncidium longicornu (Brazil to NE. Argentina.
Oncidium longipes (Brazil to NE. Argentina).
Oncidium lucasianum (Peru – Cajamarca).
Oncidium lucayanum (Bahamas) (now synonym of Tolumnia lucayana)
Oncidium luteum (Costa Rica).
Oncidium lykaiosii (Bolivia).
Oncidium macronyx (Brazil).
Oncidium macropetalum (W.C. Brazil)
Oncidium maculatum (Mexico to C. America).
Oncidium maculosum (Brazil – Minas Gerais).
Oncidium magdalenae (NW. Venezuela – Mérida).
Oncidium maizifolium (Colombia to NW. Venezuela).
Oncidium majevskyi (Brazil).
Oncidium mantense Dodson & R.Estrada (Ecuador)
Oncidium mandonii (Bolivia).
Oncidium marshallianum (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium martianum (SE. & S. Brazil).
Oncidium mathieuanum (Ecuador to Peru).
Oncidium megalopterum (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium melanops (Ecuador).
Oncidium micropogon (Brazil).
Oncidium micropogon var. micropogon (S. Brazil). Pseudobulb epiphyte
Oncidium microstigma (C. & SW. Mexico).
Oncidium millianum (Colombia).
Oncidium miserrimum (Colombia to NW. Venezuela).
Oncidium morenoi (Brazil) (replaced synonym of the accepted name Trichocentrum morenoi (Dodson & Luer) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, 2001 )
Oncidium nebulosum (Colombia).
Oncidium niesseniae (Colombia).
Oncidium nigratum (Colombia to Guyana).
Oncidium obryzatoides (Costa Rica to Ecuador).
Oncidium ochmatochilum (SE. Mexico to Peru).
Oncidium ochthodes (Ecuador).
Oncidium oliganthum (Mexico – Oaxaca, Chiapas to El Salvador).
Oncidium orbatum (Colombia).
Oncidium ornithocephalum (Colombia).
Oncidium ornithopodum (Trop. America).
Oncidium ornithorhynchum (Mexico to C. America).
Oncidium orthostates (S. Venezuela to Guyana and Brazil). This species has been redefined as Nohawilliamsia pirarense (Rchb. f.), M.W. Chase & Whitten [8]
Oncidium orthostatoides (Peru).
Oncidium ototmeton (Bolivia).
Oncidium ouricanense (Brazil – Bahia).
Oncidium panamense (Panama).
Oncidium panduratum (Colombia.
Oncidium panduriforme (Costa Rica).
Oncidium papilio (Panama to S. Trop. America and Trinidad) (now synonym of Psychopsis papilio)
Oncidium paranaense (Brazil to Argentina – Misiones).
Oncidium paranapiacabense (Brazil – São Paulo).
Oncidium pardalis (N. Venezuela).
Oncidium pardoglossum (Trop. America) (?).
Oncidium pardothyrsus (Ecuador to Peru).
Oncidium parviflorum (Costa Rica to Panama).
Oncidium pectorale (Brazil – Rio de Janeiro).
Oncidium pelicanum (Mexico – Guerrero, Oaxaca).
Oncidium peltiforme (Ecuador).
Oncidium pentadactylon (W. South America).
Oncidium pergameneum (NC. & SE. Mexico to C. America).
Oncidium pictum (W. South America).
Oncidium picturatum (N. Venezuela).
Oncidium pirarene (Guyana).
Oncidium planilabre (W. South America).
Oncidium platychilum (Colombia to Ecuador).
Oncidium platyglossum (Colombia).
Oncidium pollardii (Mexico – Oaxaca).
Oncidium polyadenium (Ecuador to N. Peru).
Oncidium polyodontum (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium portillae (Ecuador).
Oncidium posadarum (Colombia).
Oncidium powellii (Panama).
Oncidium praetextum (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium prionochilum (Puerto Rico to Virgin Is.) (now synonym of Tolumnia prionochila)
Oncidium pubes (Colombia, SE. Brazil to NE. Argentina).
Oncidium pulchellum (Jamaica) (now synonym of Tolumnia pulchella)
Oncidium pulvinatum (Brazil to NE. Argentina).
Oncidium punctulatum (Panama).
Oncidium pyramidale (W. South America).
Oncidium pyxidophorum (Trop. America) (?).
Oncidium quadrilobum (Hispaniola) (now synonym of Tolumnia quadriloba)
Oncidium raniferum (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium reductum (Bolivia).
Oncidium reflexum (SW. Mexico)
Oncidium regentii V.P.Castro & G.F.Carr (2005) (Brazil)
Oncidium reichenbachii (Colombia to NW. Venezuela).
Oncidium remotiflorum (Brazil).
Oncidium retusum (Peru).
Oncidium rhinoceros (Trop. America) (?).
Oncidium riograndense (S. Brazil to NE. Argentina.
Oncidium riopalenqueanum (Ecuador).
Oncidium riviereanum (Brazil).
Oncidium robustissimum (Brazil).
Oncidium rodrigoi (Colombia).
Oncidium rostrans (Colombia).
Oncidium rutkisii (Venezuela).
Oncidium sanderae (Peru – Huánuco) (now synonym of Psychopsis sanderae)
Oncidium sarcodes (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium saxicola (Colombia).
Oncidium schillerianum (Peru).
Oncidium schmidtianum (Trop. America) (?).
Oncidium schunkeanum (Brazil).
Oncidium schwambachiae (Brazil).
Oncidium sclerophyllum (Costa Rica).
Oncidium × scullyi (O. curtum × O. gravesianum) (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium sellowii (Brazil).
Oncidium semele (Ecuador).
Oncidium sessile (Venezuela to Peru).
Oncidium silvanoi (Peru).
Oncidium silvanum (Brazil).
Oncidium spegazzinianum (Argentina – Misiones).
Oncidium sphacelatum (Mexico to C. America, SE. Venezuela).
Oncidium sphegiferum (Brazil – Rio de Janeiro).
Oncidium stelligerum (SW. Mexico).
Oncidium stenobulbon (Costa Rica).
Oncidium stenotis (Costa Rica to Ecuador).
Oncidium storkii (Costa Rica).
Oncidium suave (C. & SW. Mexico, El Salvador).
Oncidium subcruciforme (Nicaragua).
Oncidium suttonii (Mexico – Chiapas to El Salvador).
Oncidium swartzii (Windward Is.- Martinique).
Oncidium sylvestre (Cuba to Haiti) (now synonym of Tolumnia sylvestris)
Oncidium tectum (Colombia).
Oncidium tenellum (French Guiana).
Oncidium tenuipes (Guatemala).
Oncidium tetrotis (Colombia).
Oncidium tigratum (Ecuador to Peru).
Oncidium tigrinum (C. & SW. Mexico).
Oncidium tipuloides (Peru).
Oncidium toachicum (Ecuador).
Oncidium trachycaulon (Colombia to Ecuador).
Oncidium trichodes (N. Brazil).
Oncidium trilobum (Peru).
Oncidium trinasutum (Ecuador).
Oncidium triquetrum (Jamaica) (now synonym of Tolumnia triquetra)
Oncidium trulliferum (Brazil – Rio de Janeiro).
Oncidium truncatum (Brazil – Mato Grosso).
Oncidium tsubotae (Colombia).
Oncidium tuerckheimii (Cuba to Hispaniola) (now synonym of Tolumnia tuerckheimii )
Oncidium unguiculatum (C. & SW. Mexico).
Oncidium unicolor (SE. Brazil).
Oncidium uniflorum (SE. & S. Brazil).
Oncidium urophyllum (Lesser Antilles) (now synonym of Tolumnia urophylla)
Oncidium usneoides (Cuba) (now synonym of Tolumnia usneoides)
Oncidium varicosum (Brazil to N. Argentina).
Oncidium variegatum (S. Florida to Caribbean) (now synonym of Tolumnia variegata)
Oncidium variegatum subsp. bahamense (S. Florida to Bahamas) (now synonym of Tolumnia bahamensis)
Oncidium variegatum subsp. leiboldii (Cayman Is. to Cuba) (now synonym of Tolumnia leiboldii )
Oncidium variegatum subsp. scandens (Haiti) (now synonym of Tolumnia scandens)
Oncidium variegatum subsp. velutinum (Cuba) (now synonym of Tolumnia velutina)
Oncidium vasquezii (Bolivia).
Oncidium venustum (Brazil).
Oncidium vernixium (Ecuador).
Oncidium verrucosissimum (Paraguay to NE. Argentina).
Oncidium versteegianum (Suriname to Ecuador) (now synonym of Psychopsis versteegiana)
Oncidium viperinum (Bolivia to NW. Argentina).
Oncidium virgulatum (Colombia to Ecuador).
Oncidium volvox (NW. & N. Venezuela).
Oncidium warmingii (S. Venezuela to Brazil).
Oncidium warszewiczii (Costa Rica to Colombia).
Oncidium weddellii (Bolivia).
Oncidium welteri (Brazil – São Paulo).
Oncidium wentworthianum (Mexico – Chiapas to El Salvador).
Oncidium wheatleyanum (Brazil).
Oncidium widgrenii (SE. & S. Brazil to Paraguay).
Oncidium williamsii (Bolivia).
Oncidium xanthocentron (Colombia).
Oncidium xanthornis (NW. Venezuela to Ecuador).
Oncidium zappii (Brazil).
References
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
http://www.orchidsplus.com/orchid-abbreviations/
Flora of North America, v 26 p 648, Oncidium ensatum
http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/104/3/387
Lindleyana : The scientific journal of the American Orchid Society. December 2008 Pg 20
http://www.kew.org/news/Orchid-community-agree-name-changes-in-Oncidium-.htm
Genera Orchidacearum Volume 5 Epidendroideae (Part II)Edited by Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, and Finn N. Rasmussen http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/academic/series/biological-sciences/genorc/9780198507130.do
Chase, Mark W. (2009). “A new name for the single species of Nohawilliamsia and corrections in Gomesa (Orchidaceae)”. Phytotaxa 1: 57–59.
Harry Zelenko :The Pictorial Encyclopaedia of Oncidium (1997)
Koniger, W. 2003. New species of the genera Masdevallia, Oncidium and Sigmatostalix. Arcula no. 12: 298-311.
Chase, Mark W.; Norris H.Williams, Aparacida Donisete de Faria, Kurt M. Neubig, Maria do Carmo E. Amaral, W. Mark Whitten (2009). “Floral convergence in Oncidiinae (Cymbidieae; Orchidaceae): an expanded concept of Gomesa and a new genus Nohawilliamsia”. Annals of Botany 104 (3): 387–402. doi:10.1093/aob/mcp067. PMC 2720657. PMID 19346522. Retrieved 2009-01-15.
External links
Media related to Oncidium at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Oncidium at Wikispecies
Oncidium Seasonal Culture Information
The Florida Orchid and Myth of the Hawaiian Orchid Meet the Oncidium genus Oncidium, abbreviated as Onc. in the horticultural trade, is a genus that contains about 330 species of orchids from the subtribe…
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Santa Catarina State Parks have a Seven Category strategy for classifying the access to state parks. It ranges from the more flexible, as to the uses of the area, for example where public access is allowed but regulated, and then three categories of Reserve, where environmental management is quite restricted and access is only allowed to researchers.
Fatma is the environmental agency of the state of the Government of Santa Catarina. Operates with an administrative headquarters, located in Florianópolis, and fourteen regional coordinators, and Outpost for Environmental Control (PACAM) in the state. Founded in 1975, Fatma has the major mission to ensure the preservation of the natural resources of the state. Enforced at the following State Parks:
Parque Estadual Fritz Plaumann
Parque Estadual da Serra do Tabuleiro
Reserva Biológica Estadual do Sassafrás
Parque Estadual do Rio Vermelho
Parque Estadual Rio Canoas
Reserva Biológica Estadual da Canela Preta
Parque Estadual das Araucárias
Reserva Biológica Estadual do Aguaí
The Magnificent State Parks of Santa Catarina Santa Catarina State Parks have a Seven Category strategy for classifying the access to state parks. It ranges from the more flexible, as to the uses of the area, for example where public access is allowed but regulated, and then three categories of Reserve, where environmental management is quite restricted and access is only allowed to researchers.
#Fritz Plaumann#Parque Estadual das Araucárias#Parque Estadual Rio Canoas#Reserva Biológica Estadual da Canela Preta#Reserva Biológica Estadual do Aguaí#Reserva Biológica Estadual do Sassafrás#Rio Vermelho#Santa Catarina#Serra do Tabuleiro
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Jack Soul Brasileiro and Lenine love Orchid
Jack Soul Brasileiro and Lenine love Orchid
Lenine
Lenine lives in one of the coolest areas of Rio, an historic district in the oldest section of the city, where once upon a time the French were wiped-out by the Portuguese and local Indians. Then more than over three centuries later, in the 1880s a development company was formed for the purpose, Urbanização Carioca, whose acronym Urca gave the neighbourhood its name. However, some…
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Cachoeira Casca d’Anta, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra
The Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra is one of the most important protected areas in the Brazil. We need to acknowledge and commend the great minds that created this national reserve in 1972, which covers 200 hectares and hosts one of the greatest treasures of South America: the source of the São Francisco River.
[box type="info" style="rounded"]The name Serra da Canastra is from a mountain range located in the south-central state of Minas Gerais, it’s shaped like a treasure chest, hence the origin of the name, as canastra is a type of antique trunk. [/box]
Casca d’Anta waterfall is a prominent feature with approximately 186 meters drop, it’s one of the main attractions of the park. The top falls is from a sharp natural notch cut in the mountain, the entire cascade is a total of 330 meters.
[sticky]The Serra da Canastra park supports the highest population density of Maned wolf in Brazil[/sticky]
The park protects a landscape of rare beauty, its vegetation transitions from the “edge of the Atlantic Forest” to the “beginning of the Cerrado”, with a predominance of high plains. The water is key factor in the park, as these natural springs, which number in the hundreds, create the numerous tourist attractions in nature, with relative close proximity to large urban centers – five hours from Sao Paulo and four hours to Belo Horizonte – Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra brings a wealth of knowledge and experience to the people, with easy access and without harming the invaluable biodiversity.
Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade
There are allot of people, working with dozens of great organizations devoted to the protection of the Serra da Canastra.
According to the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity (ICMBio). There’s a legal conflict related to diamond mining interests, apparently the soil under the Canasta has one of the largest veins of precious stones in the world. The Draft Law 1448/2007 by Mr Carlos Melles (DEM-MG), proposes the reduction of much of the park and a re-categorization, reducing the total area of the specific category, which is the natural habitat of the Maned wolf, by more than 50%.
In order to prevent this environmental protection backsliding, a consortium of organizations consolidated to conduct a Campaign between 2007 and 2009, for the defense of the Park, and are working tirelessly so that the bill and others like it, will be vetoed.
Rede Nacional Pró Unidades de Conservação
At the tip of the spear is Rede Nacional Pró Unidades de Conservação, founded in 1998 by a team of conservationists who sought to challenge the current Laws on the National System of Park Land Conservation in Brazil, Law 9.985 / 2000, the Network was born with a purpose. Since its founding it has formed working partnerships with institutions in Brazil, seeking to fulfill the objective, improve nature conservation by strengthening and defense of protected areas. The Maned Wolf of the Serra da Canastra National Park The Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra is one of the most important protected areas in the Brazil.
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Original title page of Walden featuring a picture drawn by Thoreau’s sister Sophia
Henry David Thoreau was an author, poet, philosopher, polymath, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, and leading transcendentalist. He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay Resistance to Civil Government (also known as Civil Disobedience), an argument for disobedience to an unjust state.
Thoreau’s books, articles, essays, journals, and poetry total over 20 volumes. Among his lasting contributions are his writings on natural history and philosophy, where he anticipated the methods and findings of ecology and environmental history, two sources of modern-day environmentalism. His literary style interweaves close natural observation, personal experience, pointed rhetoric, symbolic meanings, and historical lore, while displaying a poetic sensibility, philosophical austerity, and “Yankee” love of practical detail. He was also deeply interested in the idea of survival in the face of hostile elements, historical change, and natural decay; at the same time he advocated abandoning waste and illusion in order to discover life’s true essential needs.
[sticky]Perhaps the most profound quote of HDT, especially as it pertains to sustainable forestry;[/sticky]
It is something to be able to paint a particular picture, or to carve a statue, and so make a few objects beautiful: but it is far more glorious to carve and paint the very atmosphere and medium through which we look. To affect the quality of the day – that is the highest of the arts.
[box type="info" style="rounded"]He was a lifelong abolitionist, delivering lectures that attacked the Fugitive Slave Law while praising the writings of Wendell Phillips and defending abolitionist John Brown. Thoreau’s philosophy of civil disobedience later influenced the political thoughts and actions of such notable figures as Leo Tolstoy, Mohandas Gandhi, and Martin Luther King, Jr.[/box]
[box type="note" style="rounded"]Thoreau is sometimes cited as an anarchist. Though Civil Disobedience seems to call for improving rather than abolishing government[/box]
“I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government” — the direction of this improvement points toward anarchism: “‘That government is best which governs not at all;’ and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.”
Sustainable Forestry and the Highest of Arts Henry David Thoreau was an author, poet, philosopher, polymath, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, and leading transcendentalist.
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Ophrys speculum is better known as the Mirror Orchid
Ophrys speculum is better known as the Mirror Orchid
Ophrys speculum or mirror orchid
Ophrys speculum is easy to recognise owing to its vivid blue, glossy, enamel-like lip, which is fringed with long, red-brown hairs. It is as if the flower reflects the sky of the Mediterranean, where this striking orchid is found; ‘speculum’ means mirror in Latin.
It is pollinated exclusively by the wasp Dasyscolia ciliata. Males are lured by the flower, which…
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Forest site productivity: a review of spatial and temporal variability in natural site conditions
Forest site productivity: a review of spatial and temporal variability in natural site conditions
Sustainable Forestry
Jens Peter Skovsgaard1,* and
Jerome K. Vanclay2
+ Author Affiliations
1Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-730 53 Alnarp, Sweden
2School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
↵*Corresponding author. Tel: +46 40 41 51 28; Email: [email protected]
Received June 25, 2012.
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Alexander von Humboldt 1812 by Carl von Steuben
Corupá is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina. The city is considered the capital of Santa Catarina banana, ornamental plants and orchid. It was founded on July 7, 1897 Otto and his son Hillbrecht. They bought the land and were the first to leave recorded in writing, of arrival in Humboldt Hansa.
[box type="note" style="rounded"]The name Hansa Humboldt was given in honor of the German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt and the Hanseatic Colonization Company, called Hansa Humboldt, directed by Karl Fabri and had a contract with the government of Santa Catarina, to colonize the state.[/box]
Corupá was settled by Italian immigrants, Austrian, Swiss, and especially by Germans. The January 1, 1944 the name was changed to Humboldt Hansa Corupá due to World War II, from immigrants within Brazil with German descendants. At one point they could no longer speak the German language, which explains why the name was shortened to Corupá and officially changed on 25 July 1958.
Corupa, SantaCatarina
Alexander von Humboldt was the inspiration for the name of the town, which is recognized as the Capital of Orchid for Santa Catarina, which means it’s the absolute mecca of wild orchid but the Great Wild Orchid Hunter is a Brazilian and named Alvim Seidel, his father Roberto Seidel settled in Corupá in 1902. They established a modest nursery in 1906, producing mainly ornamental and fruit trees, plus some orchids some years later. Robert’s father, Wenzel Seidel, had emigrated to the area from Germany and most of the nursery customers were also immigrants from that same country.
[sticky]Corupá is a name of Indian origin and means whereabouts of pebbles (place of many stones). North by São Bento do Sul, south to Rio dos Cedros, west to Little Black River and east of Jaragua do Sul.[/sticky]
In 1945, the nursery had been split between the sons. Leopoldo, Alvim’s brother, who took charge of fruits and ornamental plants, while Alvim, to whom, at the tender age of 18, had been given charge of the orchids and bromeliads, expanded greatly the Orquidário Catarinense. Since 1991, the name has been Alvim Seidel Orquidário Catarinense Ltd.
It is amazing to consider that Orquidário Catarinense has been 100 years in the ownership of the same family, and this is, without a doubt, a rare fact for any establishment. Alvim Seidel had an entire life dedication to plant collecting, more than 100,000 kilometers of travels to dangerous and distant parts of Brazil and more than 100 species of wild orchid and bromeliad that he personally discovered. As well, many species were saved from destruction at a time when the old trees, on which they grew, were being cut down with very little regard for the ecology.
Donato Seidel is an Agronomist, President Director of Orquidário Catarinense, son and successor of Alvim and Donato Seidel Junior, also graduate as Agronomist, are nowadays managing the company. Please visit their fabulous website.
The Great Wild Orchid Hunters Corupá is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina. The city is considered the capital of Santa Catarina banana, ornamental plants and orchid.
#Alexander von Humboldt#Alvim Seidel#Corupá#Donato Seidel#Donato Seidel Junior#Santa Catarina#wild orchid
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Skills and Jobs in the Internet Economy of Brazil
Skills and Jobs in the Internet Economy of Brazil
Brazil could be the poster-child for the OECD Digital Economy, as outlined by Paper #242 released on Oct 24, 2014. This most recent working paper from the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) is titled: Skills and Jobs in the Internet Economy, is an extremely revealing 39 page report about the massive opportunity for creating new systems, for teaching info-tech skills, to…
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Raison d'etre of Wild Orchid Brazil
Raison d’etre of Wild Orchid Brazil
Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources
Brazil is a rapidly developing nation with a population that is increasingly getting more access to education. With the right practices, education in the country can be developed and its vast potential if we connect it into the National Forest Development Fund, the purpose of which is to develop actions to influence the…
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Wondering what to wear to the Halloween party tonight? How about become the Greek minor god named Orchis (who was the son of a nymph and a satyr), as this Halloween costume “idea” story will explain. Another explanation will be exposed; how the name for the Paphiopedilum Orchid was derived.
Orchis, Aphrodite and the Lady Slipper
According to Greek mythology, on the beautiful island of Cyprus, which lies at the Eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, there lies a town called Paphos, it was here that the Greek God of Wine, Bacchus held his court. Amongst his entourage he had many beautiful young hand-maidens, and one day a minor god who happened to be called Orchis, had a little to much of his friends hospitality and was unwise enough to pay more than a passing interest in one of the young maidens present.
Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum by
Warner Robert
[box type="note" style="rounded"]The Paphiopedilum orchid also known as Lady Slipper derived from the Ancient Roman’s language. As they traveled and conquered lands they were told the stories and legends of the people they encountered, in particular the Greeks and their mythological adventures. They were especially enthralled by a Greek Goddess – Aphrodite, whose concept they “borrowed” and renaming her Venus she became a Roman Goddess also.[/box]
As the story goes, Orchis and Aphrodite aka Venus got a little too intimate, to which Bacchus took exception, and promptly had him chopped into little pieces, which were scattered far and wide, where-ever a piece of the unfortunate Orchis landed, an orchid grew.
Eventually the final portion of the poor young mans masculinity (which to this day bears the Latin medical description of orchis) was thrown into the sea, and from this union with the foaming waves Aphrodite was born, stepping out of the ocean close to the town of Paphos, which derives its own name from Paphinia, which is just another Greek name for Aphrodite.
This now gives us the interesting play on words of “Paphio” for Aphrodite, or if you wish Venus, and “Pedilum” the Latin word meaning foot, which when translated would roughly mean the slipper of Venus, or Venus (lady) slipper orchid.
The twist in the tale of this particular story is of course the fact that the lady in question was the daughter of the father of all Orchids, and as such the Paphiopedilum orchid is just one of the 30,000 or so various genera of orchids in the world today.
Now if you happen to be in Cyprus, why not visit the House of Dionysos, which is a Roman Ruin standing just behind the Town of Paphos, here you can see a mosaic, one of tyhe figures in this mosaic is Orchis, the unfortunate minor god who Bacchus took exception to, and if you look in the meadows around here, at the right time of year, you may see some of his daughters.
Bacchus, Greek God of Wine and the Legend of Orchid Wondering what to wear to the Halloween party tonight? How about become the Greek minor god named Orchis (who was the son of a nymph and a satyr), as this Halloween costume "idea" story will explain.
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Orchid Clubs of Santa Catarina
Orchid Clubs of Santa Catarina
Laelia purpurata (Cattleya purpurata) illustration
Federaçáo Catarinense de Orquidofilia, or Federation of Santa Catarina Orquidófilia (FCO) was created by a dedicated group of orchid growers in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Reports of wild orchid from foreign travelers had been heard since the eighteenth century but it wasn’t until the Laelia purpurata syn. Cattleya purpurata was…
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