Brahmin supremacy
Social hierarchy: The Brahmins established a social hierarchy in which they occupied the topmost position, giving them immense power and control over other communities and perpetuating systems of oppression.
Caste system: Brahmins created and maintained the caste system, which divided society into rigid hierarchies based on birth. This system reinforced Brahmin dominance and enabled them to control the resources and opportunities available to different groups.
Caste-based violence: The Brahmins perpetuated violence against lower caste communities, particularly Dalits, through the caste system, which allowed for institutionalized discrimination and violence.
Marriage practices: The Brahmins established strict rules around marriage and family structures, which helped to perpetuate their social and economic power.
Religious monopoly: Brahmins claimed a monopoly over religious knowledge and practice, which allowed them to control and manipulate the spiritual lives of others. This further reinforced their social and political power.
Religious hegemony: The Brahmins established themselves as the custodians of religious knowledge and texts, giving them significant influence over religious practices and beliefs across South Asia.
Cultural appropriation: The Brahmins appropriated and assimilated elements of indigenous cultures and traditions, erasing the contributions of other communities and further consolidating their power.
Intellectual property: The Brahmins often appropriated the knowledge and intellectual property of other communities, erasing their contributions and further consolidating their own power and influence.
Education: The Brahmins monopolized education, particularly in the pre-colonial period, creating a system that privileged their knowledge and excluded other communities from accessing educational opportunities.
Education: Brahmins controlled access to education and knowledge, which further reinforced their social and economic dominance. They monopolized education and ensured that only members of their own caste could become scholars, priests, and teachers.
Land ownership: Brahmins acquired vast amounts of land through various means, such as gifts from kings or temples, and used their wealth and power to further consolidate their control over society.
Land ownership: The Brahmins, particularly in colonial times, acquired large tracts of land, often through exploitative means, consolidating their economic and political power.
Language and literature: The Brahmins established Sanskrit as the language of knowledge and literature, excluding other languages and literary traditions from the mainstream.
Language dominance: Brahmins promoted the use of Sanskrit, which was the language of the elite and the language of many Hindu religious texts. This gave them further linguistic dominance and helped to consolidate their cultural and political power.
Political influence: The Brahmins have played a significant role in shaping political structures and institutions across South Asia, often to their own advantage.
Systematic exclusion of lower castes from religious and social institutions
Appropriation of land and resources from indigenous communities
Imposition of Sanskrit as the language of power and knowledge, leading to the neglect and suppression of other regional languages and cultures
Establishment of a rigid caste system, with Brahmins at the top and other castes relegated to lower social status and economic opportunities
Monopolization of education and intellectual discourse, leading to the suppression of dissenting voices and alternative knowledge systems
Co-optation of indigenous spiritual practices and beliefs, leading to the marginalization and erasure of non-Brahmin religious traditions
Control over political power and governance through the Brahminization of the state
Promulgation of patriarchal norms and practices, leading to the subjugation and exploitation of women and other gender minorities
Promotion of vegetarianism as a moral and ethical ideal, leading to the marginalization and stigmatization of non-vegetarian communities
Use of violence and coercion to maintain Brahmin hegemony and suppress dissenting voices and movements
Creation of a cultural hegemony that has influenced and shaped the social, political, and economic structures of South Asia for centuries
Control over the production and dissemination of knowledge, leading to the suppression of alternative epistemologies and worldviews
Consolidation of economic power through the control of trade networks and commercial enterprises
Implementation of discriminatory and oppressive laws and practices against lower castes and non-Brahmin communities
Maintenance of a system of inherited privilege and power that has perpetuated Brahmin domination across generations
Control over religious and cultural practices, leading to the erasure and marginalization of non-Brahmin traditions and beliefs
Construction of a narrative of Brahmin superiority and moral authority, leading to the internalization of caste-based discrimination and oppression by non-Brahmin communities
Establishment of a culture of fear and intimidation, leading to the suppression of dissenting voices and the perpetuation of Brahmin hegemony
Appropriation and commercialization of cultural artifacts and practices, leading to the exploitation and erasure of indigenous communities and traditions
Creation of a caste-based system of labor and economic exploitation, leading to the marginalization and impoverishment of lower castes and non-Brahmin communities.
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Words borrowed from other languages in English
Very incomplete list, based mostly on The Languages of the World (3rd ed.), Kenneth Katzner, 2002 + a heavy use of Wiktionary. some notes:
Many of these words have passed through multiple languages on their way to English (e.g. Persian -> Arabic -> Spanish -> French -> English); in that case I usually list them under the first language that used them in the same acception as English.
I generally don't include words whose ancestors already existed in Middle English, unless their origin was exotic enough to be interesting.
The vast majority of borrowings are terms very specific to their culture of origin; I generally only include those that are either very well known amng English-speakers, or of general use outside that culture.
INDO-EUROPEAN FAMILY (West and South Eurasia)
Hellenic
Greek: angel, chronometer, democracy, encyclopedia, geography, graphic, hieroglyphic, homogeneous, hydraulic, meter, microscope, monarchy, philosophy, phobia, photography, telephone, and way too many other scientific or technical terms to count
Germanic
Afrikaans: aardvark, apartheid, fynbos, rooibos, springbok, trek, veld, wildebeest
Danish: Lego, simper
Dutch: brandy, bumpkin, coleslaw, cookie, deck, dock, dollar, landscape, freight, furlough, maelstrom, noodle, Santa Claus, waffle, walrus, yacht
German: aurochs, bildungsroman, blitzkrieg, cobalt, dachsund, eigenvector, ersatz, gestalt, hamburger, hinterland, kindergarten, kohlrabi, lager, poodle, quark, sauerkraut, wanderlust, yodel, zeitgeist
Icelandic: eider, geyser
Norwegian: auk, fjord, krill, lemming, narwhal, slalom, troll
Swedish: lek, mink, ombudsman, rutabaga, smorgasbord, tungsten
Yiddish: bupkis, chutzpah, kvetch, putz, schlemiel, schmaltz, schmooze, schtick, spiel, tchotchke
Slavic
Czech: robot
Russian: fedora, glasnost, intelligentsia, kefir, mammoth, pogrom, samizdat, steppe, sputnik, troika, tsar, vodka
Serbo-Croat: cravat, paprika
Celtic [many of these words are shared between the two languages]
Irish: bog, galore, gaol, geas, glen, orrery, shamrock, slob, whiskey
Scottish Gaelic: bard, bunny, cairn, clan, loch, ptarmigan, ?scone, slogan
Italic-Romance
†Latin: [way too many]
French: [way too many]
Italian: allegro, aria, balcony, bandit, bravo, calamari, casino, chiaroscuro, crescendo, contrapposto, fresco, gazette, ghetto, gusto, inferno, lava, mafia, malaria, pants, quarantine, tempo, umbrella, vendetta, volcano
Portuguese: baroque, brocade, cachalot, cobra, creole, flamingo, petunia, pimento, zebra
Spanish: abalone, armadillo, bolas, bonanza, canyon, cargo, chupacabra, cigar, cilantro, embargo, gaucho, guerrilla, junta, manta, mesa, mosquito, mustang, patio, pueblo, rodeo, siesta, tornado, vanilla
Iranian
Persian: bazaar, caravan, checkmate, chess, crimson, dervish, divan, jackal, jasmine, khaki, kiosk, lemon, lilac, musk, orange, pajama, paradise, satrap, shawl, taffeta
Indo-Aryan
†Sanskrit: brahmin, Buddha, chakra, guru, karma, mantra, opal, swastika, yoga
Bengali: dinghy, jute, nabob
Hindi: bandana, bungalow, cheetah, chintz, chutney, coolie, cot, dungaree, juggernaut, lacquer, loot, rajah, pundit, shampoo, tom-tom, thug, veranda
Marathi: mongoose
Romani: hanky-panky, pal, shiv
Sinhalese: anaconda, beriberi, serendipity, tourmaline
DRAVIDIAN FAMILY (Southern India)
Kannada: bamboo
Malayalam: atoll, calico, copra, jackfruit, mahogany, mango, pagoda, teak
Tamil: curry, mulligatawny, pariah
Telugu: bandicoot
URALIC FAMILY (Northern Eurasia)
Finnic
Finnish: sauna
Saami: tundra
Samoyedic
Nenets: parka
Ugric
Hungarian: biro, coach, goulash, hussar, puszta, tokay
VASCONIC FAMILY (Northern Pirenees)
Basque: chaparral, chimichurri, silhouette
TURKIC FAMILY (Central Eurasia)
†Old Turkic: cossack, yurt
Tatar: ?stramonium
Turkish: baklava, balaclava, bergamot, caftan, caviar, harem, janissary, kebab, kismet, minaret, pastrami, sherbet, tulip, yoghurt
Yakut: taiga
MONGOLIC FAMILY (Mongolia and surrounding areas)
Mongol: horde, khan, ?valerian
SINO-TIBETAN FAMILY (China and Southeast Asia)
Tibeto-Burman
Tibetan: lama, panda, tulpa, yak, yeti
Sinitic [Chinese languages closely related, not always clear from which a borrowing comes]
Hokkien: ?ketchup, sampan, tea
Mandarin: chi, dao, dazibao, gung-ho, kaolin, oolong, shaolin, shanghai, yin-yang
Min Nan: nunchaku
Yue (Cantonese): chop suey, dim sum, kowtow, kumquat, lychee, shar-pei, ?typhoon, wok
TUNGUSIC FAMILY (Eastern Siberia)
Evenki: pika, shaman
KOREANIC FAMILY (Koreas)
Korean: bulgogi, chaebol, hantavirus, kimchi, taekwondo
JAPONIC FAMILY (Japan)
Japanese: banzai, bonsai, dojo, emoji, geisha, ginkgo, hikikomori, honcho, ikebana, kamikaze, karaoke, koi, kudzu, manga, origami, pachinko, rickshaw, sake, samurai, sensei, soy, sushi, tofu, tsunami, tycoon, zen
AUSTRONESIAN FAMILY (maritime Southeast Asia and Oceania)
Western Malayan
Javanese: ?junk [ship]
Malay: amok, cockatoo, compound [building], cootie, durian, kapok, orangutan, paddy, pangolin, rattan, sarong
Barito
Malagasy: raffia
Phlippinic
Cebuano: dugong
Ilocano: yo-yo
Tagalog: boondocks
Oceanic
Hawai'ian: aloha, hula, luau, poi, wiki
Maori: kauri, kiwi, mana, weta
Marshallese: bikini
Tahitian: pareo, tattoo
Tongan: taboo
TRANS-NEW GUINEAN FAMILY (New Guinea)
Fore: kuru
PAMA-NYUNGAN FAMILY (Australia)
Dharug: boomerang, corroboree, dingo, koala, wallaby, wobbegong, wombat, woomera
Guugu Yimithirr: kangaroo, quoll
Nyungar: dunnart, gidgee, quokka
Pitjantjatjara: Uluru
Wathaurong: bunyip
Wiradjuri: kookaburra
Yagara: dilly bag
AFRO-ASIATIC FAMILY (North Africa and Near East)
Coptic: adobe
Berber
Tachelhit: argan
Semitic
†Punic: Africa
Arabic: albatross, alchemy, alcohol, alcove, alfalfa, algebra, alkali, amber, arsenal, assassin, candy, coffee, cotton, elixir, gazebo, gazelle, ghoul, giraffe, hashish, harem, magazine, mattress, monsoon, sofa, sugar, sultan, syrup, tabby, tariff, zenith, zero
Hebrew: amen, behemoth, cabal, cherub, hallelujah, kibbutz, kosher, manna, myrrh, rabbi, sabbath, Satan, seraph, shibboleth
NIGER-CONGO FAMILY (Subsaharan Africa)
unknown: cola, gorilla, tango
Senegambian
Wolof: banana, fonio, ?hip, ?jigger [parasite], karite, ?jive, yam
Gur-Adamawa
Ngbandi: Ebola
Kwa
Ewe: voodoo
Volta-Niger
Igbo: okra
Yoruba: gelee [headgear], mambo, oba, orisha
Cross River
Ibibio: calypso
Bantu
Lingala: basenji
Kikongo: ?chimpanzee, ?macaque, ?zombie
Kimbundu: ?banjo, Candomblé, gumbo, macumba, tanga
Swahili: askari, Jenga, kwanzaa, safari
Xhosa: Ubuntu
Zulu: impala, mamba, vuvuzela
KHOE-KWADI FAMILY (Southwest Africa)
Khoekhoe (Hottentot): gnu, kudu, quagga
ESKIMO-ALEUT FAMILY (Arctic America)
Greenlandic Inuit: igloo, kayak
Inuktikut: nunatak
ALGIC FAMILY (Eastern Canada and northeast USA)
†Proto-Algonquin: moccasin, opossum, skunk
Cree: muskeg, pemmican
Mikmaq: caribou, toboggan
Montagnais: husky
Narragansett: ?powwow, sachem
Ojibwe: chipmunk, totem, wendigo, woodchuck
Powhatan: persimmon, raccoon
SALISHAN FAMILY (Pacific coast at the USA-Canada border)
Chehalis: chinook
Halkomelem: sasquatch
Lushootseed: geoduck
IROQUOIAN FAMILY (Eastern North America)
Cherokee: sequoia
SIOUAN FAMILY (Central USA)
Lakota: teepee
MUSKOGEAN FAMILY (Southeast USA)
Choctaw: bayou
UTO-AZTECAN FAMILY (Southwest USA and north Mexico)
Nahuatl: atlatl, avocado, chili, cocoa, coyote, chocolate, guacamole, hoazin, mesquite, ocelot, quetzal, tamale, tegu, tomato
O'odham (Pima): jojoba
Shoshone: chuckwalla
Yaqui: ?saguaro
MAYAN FAMILY (Southern Mexico and Guatemala)
Yucatec Maya: cenote, Chicxulub
ARAWAKAN FAMILY (Caribbeans and South America)
†Taino: barbecue, cannibal, canoe, cassava, cay, guava, hammock, hurricane, iguana, maize, manatee, mangrove, maroon, potato, savanna, tobacco
Arawak: papaya
CARIBAN FAMILY (Caribbean coast of South America)
unknown: curare
Galibi Carib: caiman, chigger, pawpaw, peccary, yucca
QUECHUAN FAMILY (Andes)
Quechua: ?Andes, caoutchouc, coca, condor, guano, llama, mate, poncho, puma, quinine, vicuna
AYMARAN FAMILY (Andes)
Aymara: alpaca, chinchilla
TUPIAN FAMILY (Brazil)
[borrowings are often shared between these two languages]
†Old Tupi: ananas, arowana, Cayenne [pepper], jaguar, manioc, piranha, tapioca
Guarani: cougar, maracuja, Paraguay, petunia, toucan
CREOLE LANGUAGES (worldwide, mixed origin)
English-derived
Chinese Pidgin English: chopstick, long time no see, pidgin, taipan
Jamaican Creole: dreadlocks, reggae
Chinook-derived
Chinook Jargon: potlatch
EDIT 08-01-24: added lots more examples, especially African, Asian, and North American languages. Still not done.
EDIT 17-01-24: finished adding examples, more or less.
EDIT: 18-02-24: apparently not (cheetah).
EDIT: 20-05-24: nope (mosquito)
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Sanathana dharma has survived and flourished
Udhayanidhi Stalin Calling for Eradication of Sanatanam 👇🏻
His mother visits Sanathanam temples, but he has different belief, does he want to hurt his mother’s beliefs?
👇🏻
Certainly caste & all discrimination, exploitation (prevalent all over the medieval WORLD before INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION) should be abolished from Indian society. But we should not burn OUR HOUSE because of nuisance from some rats
👇🏻
https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/robert-caldwell-wrong-and-untrue-analysis-and-dravidian-caste-politics-tamil-mzg528/
“Robert Caldwell wrote A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian family of languages. He identified south Indian Brahmins with Indo-Europeans, which was partly based on HIS belief that the Indo-Europeans had "higher mental gifts and higher capacity for civilisation". Caldwell asserted that the low-caste Chanar were not merely Tamil speakers but an "indigenous Dravidian" people, distinct ethnically &, most critically for him, religiously, from their high-caste oppressors, whom he referred to as "Brahmanical Aryans" (in this case "Aryan" as an ethnic signifier for foreign and "Brahmanical" to signify the "Hinduism" of the high-caste).
These WILDLY SPECULATIVE. claims, well outside the scope of linguistics, were intended "to develop a history which asserted that the indigenous Dravidians had been subdued and colonized by the Brahmanical Aryans".
Tamil Language has almost ALL alphabets common with most Indian languages.
Most of other Indian women wear Saree like Tamil women.
From Assam to Kashmir people of India worship Shiva, Vishnu& Shakthi
Brahmins &most North Indians worship all the Gods in temples of Tamilnadu. Crores of North Indians Visit Tamil temples. Tamil Nadu has most number of spritual tourists in India.
There is diversity & differences in Indian culture, but Tamils have lots in common with rest of India
Robert Caldwell started creating differences between Tamils & other Indians, he sowed the seeds of division/ hate
👇🏻
Hatred against other states being propagated by some regional chauvinists 👇🏻
https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/robert-caldwell-wrong-and-untrue-analysis-and-dravidian-caste-politics-tamil-mzg528/
👇🏻📸 Watch this video on Facebook https://fb.watch/mPU8iQYxVI/?mibextid=ifW6Jt
An extremist like PazhaniBaba talks about Murugan, but the practical truth is many North Indians worship Murugan / Karthikeyan 👇🏻
The objective of such extremist is to divide Indians.
See around you , how many people from other beliefs respect ancient Tamil Gods? One %?
many of other faiths call Indian culture as Pagans, Kafirs? No mutual respect.
How many take foreign money to convert poor people? Or to indulge in violent War
We should love our language, culture & faith.
We should not give up one love for other love, we should not love one & hate other
We should not indulge in hate & violence against other peaceful neighbors. Social, political, community leaders should try to suggest middle path & SOLVE PROBLEMS, they should not too much highlight the differences & hate diverse thoughts. They should not stress that one community alone has life-death issues & other social groups are not important
Africa, South America & Australia lost its free sprit & culture, now they follow European culture.
Japan Korea China have their own culture, they don’t fight too many wars. But Africans & South American have violent armed rebels & mafia, they not progressing because they have lost their culture & brotherhood
How Portuguese and other European conquerers made thousands of Indians, Africans, Brazilians as slaves (to SUPPRESS them as bonded LABOUR & stress racial and cultural superiority)👇🏻
👇🏻
"although slavery was a worldwide institution for thousands of years, nowhere in the world was slavery a controversial issue prior to the 18th century. People of every race and color were enslaved – and enslaved others.
White people were still being bought and sold as slaves in the Ottoman Empire, decades after American blacks were freed.
Everyone hated the idea of being a slave but few had any qualms about enslaving others. Slavery was just not an issue, not even among intellectuals, much less among political leaders, until the 18th century – and then it was an issue only in Western civilization."
Only after INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION in Europe people in there started UNIVERSAL EDUCATION so that they get EDUCATED / SKILLED LABOUR . Before that most societies in the world kept the poor uneducated and socially backward
Slavery exploitation is an evil which has been prevalent from ancient times in most of the societies
👇🏻
Jews have literature / documents to show how they were enslaved by Egyptians and Babylonians
Slavery, Exploitation very prevalent evil of most societies in ancient times. The purpose appears to ensure people of certain races/ classes are kept as BONDED LABOUR from birth 👇🏻
Clearly caste-JATI system followed in India was an In-human behaviour of exploitation and suppression of people for using them as Labour.
Now It is the duty of more rich and PRIVILEGED to help poor and socially vulnerable people and ensure mutual respect and equality in society.
The ancient concept of all “VARNA” was misused to create unjust division of labour, the fact that varna only means human behaviour pattern - WITHOUT ANY LINK TO CASTE OR FAMILY OF BIRTH was misinterpreted and the fact that “ All varnas lead to me (Krishna)” was suppressed . Four children of same parents can follow the behaviour pattern of four different varnas, appeared to be the ancient concept of varna. Which was misused as family based varnas during the period when slavery started to be followed in other parts of the world
👇🏻
👇🏻https://www.thejc.com/news/features/jews-and-slavery-the-myths-and-the-truth-1.501677?reloadTime=1670976000011
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Gond Art: History, Elements and Stories
'Gond' comes from the Dravidian word 'kind,' which means 'green mountain.' Gond painting is a famous folk art form of the Gond tribal community of central India. It is a form of painting from the folk and tribal art of one of the largest tribes in India - the Gonds - who are mainly from Madhya Pradesh but can also be found in pockets of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Odisha., The history of the Gond people is about 1400 years old. Mixed with a mix of mystery, patterns, colors and humor, these artworks reflect a modern psyche.
Elements of Gond Art
The untrained eye may confuse Gond art with Madhubani painting, Mithila distinct characteristics. The paintings use vibrant colors such as orange, yellow, blue and red and are made with artistically drawn lines and dots to bring them to life. Natural colors from various sources, like flowers, stones etc., are used to create these beautiful paintings.
Over the years, Gond artists have developed their own tools for working with various contemporary mediums and materials. They would first plot the points and calculate the volume of the images. These points will be connected to bring up an outer shape, which will then be filled with colors. Everything that comes to life is aesthetically transformed as they react to the immediate social situation and environment. The images are tattoos or minimalist human and animal forms which include chameleons, butterflies, elephants, cows, lions, fish, peacocks and other birds.
Though Gond paintings are centuries old, with time, this art form has gradually shifted from the mud walls of houses to canvas and paper. Apart from drawing inspiration from legends and myths, these paintings featured nature as their main subject. However, this painting style has other well-depicted subjects, including Hindu deities (especially Ganesha), the Tree of Life, and jungle scenes. With various motifs and design patterns, these paintings have attracted the attention of many people, including those from India, France, the UK and the US.
Stories and Symbolism in Gond Art
"Trees are of great importance in Gond art. For humans and animals alike – for animals and birds, trees are most important – to protect them from the sun in summer and rain during the monsoon season. Trees also provide nutrition and food," says artist Venkat Raman Singh Shyam.
The Ganja Mahua Tree tells the story of a Brahmin (high caste) girl and a Chamar (low caste) boy - when they fell in love, society did not accept them. So he renounced everything, went to the forest, and was later reborn as Ganja and Mahua trees. That's why it is said that Ganja and Mahua should not be consumed together because they can never be together.
Saja Tree: The Saja tree is worshiped by the Bada Dev (Elder God) and the Gond community.
Pakri tree: When new leaves bloom from this tree, the Gond community eats the greens made from these leaves, protecting them from many diseases and ailments.
Peepal Tree: The Peepal tree is where the deities (gods) reside, and thus, the Peepal tree is considered the most important.
Tamarind Tree: Tamarind tree also plays an important role for the tribal people as they use tamarind fruit for chutney and sell it for their livelihood. Many people of the Gond community set up platforms for the gods and goddesses under the trees.
Music in Gond communities
In the past, Gond artists were responsible for orally passing down the Gond kings' traditions through songs and instruments called 'Bana.'
They would invoke Lord Bada Dev on the saja tree by playing the flute and recording the genealogy of the Gond patrons in song. In return, they were given gifts of grain, clothing and perhaps even cattle or gold.
Similarities between Gond art and tribal art?
"Gond is similar to tribal art because tribals have their own stories as we do about creation, and they also make dashes and dots. Tribal art and Gond art have their connection because we are originally from the same continent of Gondwana from when there were only two continents, Gondwana and Laurasia. India and Australia came from Gondwana, and America came from Laurasia.
The performances, dances, rituals, and drinks they serve are similar to ours. Their surname is Marawi, while ours is Marawi. I spoke on the topic 'You are my brother, in you I found myself' at Monash University in Melbourne and the Queensland Art Gallery of Modern Art in Brisbane." Gond master artist Venkat Raman Singh Shyam said.
Paints are usually derived naturally from charcoal, colored clay, plant sap, clay, flowers, leaves and even cow dung. That said, due to the lack of natural dyes, Gond artists have started using poster colors and canvas to paint.
The Gond painting resembles the Aboriginal art of Australia as dots are used in both styles to create the painting. There are different types of dots in both art forms. For tribal art, the points symbolize the field and dreams, while with Gond art, the shamans believe that particles of their bodies spread out into space to connect with spirits and create other bodies. It is an ancestral, poetic vision of the atom, joining the infinitely small into the infinitely large.
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