#and i was talking to my mom an article with an evolutionary perspective | Explore Tumblr Posts and Blogs

tarot1864-blog · 6 years

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tigerheart450 · 4 years

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Thoughts from others about Serial Killers

Bonn, Scott A. “Understanding What Drives Serial Killers.” Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 15 September 2019, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201909/understanding-what-drives-serial-killers

What motivates a serial killer? Is it from trauma from their past? It mentions that most serial killers have had trauma in their past from their mothers from physical abuse to emotional abuse and even torture. “...many serial killers are actually insecure individuals who are compelled to kill due to a morbid fear of rejection. In many cases, the fear of rejection seems to result from having been abandoned by their mother in early childhood.” That being said, don't we all fear rejection? In their case though they tend to have that fear, which drives them to get rid of the possibility of rejection, by killing. They brought up what the FBI said in 2005 of how serial killers choose their victims, which they narrowed down to three things availability, vulnerability and desirability. It makes sense to me, that these would be the three things they would be looking for, especially being a male serial killer on the hunt. There was also a list of motivators such as anger, criminal enterprise (eliminates its competition), financial gain, ideology, power/thrill, psychosis, and sexual based. They go a little more in depth of what that means to be an ideology killer or a thrill killer (or all the above). The conclusion was that ultimately most serial killers kill because they want to or need to, not all but most. “...regardless of the specific motive(s), most serial killers commit their crimes because they want to. The exception to this would be those few serial killers suffering from a severe mental illness for whom no coherent motive exists.”

Brogaard, Berit. “The Making of a Serial Killer.” Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 7 December 2012

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-superhuman-mind/201212/the-making-serial-killer

The question is, is psychopathy a “product of Mother Nature or a feature of upbringing?” In this article they went over a study that was done with twins, the “Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart,” it showed that psychopathy is 60 percent heritable or in other words its more due to our DNA rather than our upbringing. “This percentage indicates that psychopathic traits are due more to DNA than to upbringing.” Which you can’t completely rule out that childhood trauma wasn’t one of the factors for these people becoming serial killers, that nurture part. They argue that it is more from our genes then nurture They also brought up another study that talked more about the brain. “ Brain scans revealed that psychopathy in criminals was associated with decreased connectivity between the amygdala, a subcortical structure of the brain that processes negative stimuli, and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a cortical region in the front of the brain that interprets the response from the amygdala.” For those of us who don’t really know the brain, such as myself, it means that there was a decrease in connections from the part of the brain that ventromedial prefrontal cortex (which is implicated in the processing of risk and fear) and the amygdala which is responsible for emotions, survival instincts and memory. “They do not feel nervous or embarrassed when they are caught doing something bad. They do not feel sad when other people suffer. Though they feel physical pain, they are not themselves in a position to suffer from emotions hurts.” However this study mostly focused on criminal psychopaths but not all psychopaths which kind of limited this study.

Conray, J Oliver. “What makes a serial killer?” The Guardian, 10 August 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/10/what-makes-a-serial-killer

It starts out with a great story, well not so great, story of an alleged serial killer, Bruce McArhur, who killed 8 gay guys but then they go more into the deep questions or more into depth of what makes a serial killer. “Are serial killers a product of nature (genetics) or nurture (environmental factors)?” This seems to be the big question for a lot of people. “Perhaps it’s not that serial killers are made, but that the majority of us are unmade, by good parenting and socialization. What remains behind is these un-fully-socialized beings with this capacity to attack and kill. And often that capacity is grafted onto a sexual impulse – aggression sexualized at puberty.” I like how this brings up different perspective they a lot of other articles on serial killers I’ve read. That they actually didn’t get that opportunity to get that socialization or good parenting.

“Many serial killers are survivors of early childhood trauma of some kind – physical or sexual abuse, family dysfunction, emotionally distant or absent parents. Trauma is the single recurring theme in the biographies of most killers.”

With that being said there are exceptions like Ted Bundy who didn’t really have any childhood trauma but he did grow up believing his mom was his sister. They then bring up the argument that there can be 100 kids who went through childhood trauma but only one becomes a serial killer but what about the other 99 who didn’t become serial killers which brings us to that serial killers “choose to act on their compulsions.” Not all psychopaths are serial killers but all serial killers are psychopaths. “They grow up not knowing how to “feel”, and learn instead how to manifest what they think are emotions or the correct appearances of emotion. They know the “mask” they should wear.” They also brush on the subject of female serial killers.

Harrison, Marissa A., et al. “Female Serial Killers in the United States: Means, Motives, and Makings.” Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, vol. 26, no. 3, June 2015, pp. 383–406. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/14789949.2015.1007516.

As you can guess this source is about the minority of serial killers which is the female serial killers. They consulted with mass media reports to study 64 female serial killers “who committed their crimes in the US from 1821 to 2008.” “Nearly 40% of FSKs in this sample experienced some form of mental illness. Their most common motive for murder was financial gain, and their most common method of killing was poisoning.” They also attack those who are less likely to fight back. “The aim of the present study therefore is to document and interpret motives, means, and backgrounds of FSKs who committed their crimes in the US.” My main thing is that I want to understand the reason why or the motives behind the actions of a serial killer. They go over a lot about the statistics with FSK (female serial killers) compared to MSK (male serial killers) and how most people don’t believe that women can kill multiple times. It helps to show that even as serial killers men and women are different in motive and the way they do things. They also “found that the majority were diagnosed with a pathological disorder including histrionic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, or dissociative disorders.” The common theme seems to be that that their mental health isn’t very good, well you would think so because of what they are doing nobody with the right mind is going to go out and kill a whole bunch of people. I don’t think this source is as strong as others with the information I would looking for but it did still have some great information.

Harrison, Marissa A., et al. “Sex Differences in Serial Killers.” Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, vol. 13, no. 4, Oct. 2019, pp 295-310. EBSCOhost, doi: 10. 1037/ebs0000157.

This is an academic journal by Marissa A. Harrison (who has a Ph.D. in biological (experimental) psychology with an emphasis on evolutionary psychology from the University at Albany, SUNY). This journal goes through the differences between female and male serial killers.. They did the study of archived data between the years 1856 to 2009. They used the data from 55 female serial killers and 55 male serial killers showing that females tend to be gatherers (people that they know, usually for a profit) while males are more of a hunter (usually killing strangers). “FSKs often target children and familiar others who are typically vulnerable and/or under.” While males tend to stalk their prey just like hunting their prey and when they do kill them they tend to keep “trophies” from the victims just like how hunters keep things like antlers. “These differences may stem from sex- specific tendencies derived from labor divisions in the ancestral environment whereby men hunted animals as prey and women gathered nearby grains and plants for food.”

“Duntley and Buss (2012) pointed out that murderers are not consciously aware of the ultimate reasons for their behavior. That being said, it should be stressed that even if serial murder is a manifestation and/or variant of unconscious, evolved tendencies, classifying a behavior as an adaptation does not equate that behavior to being “good” or “correct,” and murder is nowhere condoned.” They found that most serial killers are white for both male and female serial killers.”

Henson, JayneR., and LoreenN. Olson. “The Monster Within: How Male Serial Killers Discursively Manage Their Stigmatized Identities.” Communication Quarterly, vol. 58, no. 3, July 2010, pp. 341–364. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/01463373.2010.503176.

This is an investigation into the serial killer’s image of self and “how they assign meaning to their lives and actions.” They are investigating the mind of male serial killers. They focus a lot on stigma in society. Stigma being a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person. Social stigma a disapproval of, or discrimination against, a person based on perceivable social characteristics that serve to distinguish them from other members of a society.

They focused on two research questions to help answer how serial killers view their personal and communal identity. One, how do notorious male serial killers discursively manage their identities? Two, what societal influences are reported by the serial killers to have impacted their identity management processes? They spent three months interviewing male serial killers discussing his actions and interactions with others, to understand his sense making process. They interviewed 13 notorious serial killers: David Berkowitz, Kenneth Bianchi, Theodore Bundy, Jeffrey Dahmer, John Wayne Gacy, Jr., William Heirens, Henry Lee Lucas, James Paul, Dennis Rader, Richard Ramirez, Gary Leon Ridgeway, Michael Ross, and Arthur Shawcross. In the results they stated that serial killers “may also have selected representations of the self to portray to others in particular contexts, or alternate between differing portrayals of identity. Arthur Shawcross (2005) noted that ‘‘to people in general, me as the type of person I am, I can be your worst nightmare, or I could be the man next door.’’

Miller, Laurence. “Serial Killers: I. Subtypes, Patterns, and Motives.” Aggression and Violent Behavior, vol. 19, no. 1, Jan. 2014, pp. 1–11. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1016/j.avb.2013.11.002

I like how they started their paper, they started by using the analogy that serial killers are like sharks. They make it relatable but also distant, serial killers, being that we watch T.V. and watch people kill each other, the same spy and cop movies. Sometimes we might fantasies being the outlaw or spy giving out what is coming to them. Unlike us who go back to being normal citizens serial killers make it a reality acting on that fantasy, compulsion, need. They brought up a few past “famous” serial killers such as Jack the Ripper but then they go through more of the statistics of serial killers “1980s, the FBI calculated that approximately 35 serial killers were active in the U.S., and in recent years that estimate has swelled to between 200 and 500, accounting for 2000 to 3500 murders a year...some authorities believe that the U.S. may have up to 75% of the world's serial killers.” They then go on to define what a serial killer is according to the FBI “serial murderers are those who, either alone or with an accomplice, kill at least three people over a period of time, with “cooling-off” periods between the murders, indicating premeditation of each killing.” It really is just like hunting for them but instead of animals it is humans, it's no different to them. I really liked this article, it’s easy to understand and it has a lot of great information in it that I found interesting and informative.

Nixon, Eli. “10 Chilling Glimpses Into The Minds And Lives Of Serial Killers.” List Verse, 30 August 2019, https://listverse.com/2015/07/23/10-chilling-glimpses-into-the-minds-and-lives-of-serial-killers/

In this article it goes through 10 points about serial killers from is it just in our genes and disconnections in the brain to the different categories of serial killers. I’m going to make it easy and just list the titles: Serial Killing And Psychopathy, Underdeveloped Brains, The Happy Face Killer’s Daughter, Classes Of Killers, The Karolinska Study,The Neuroscientist With Killer Genes, The Abuse Excuse, A Damaged Brain, A Cure For Killing, and The Family Men. Some of these points were more relevant to what I was searching for then others. I liked how they hit a lot of points that helped me understand a little more about serial killers and their thinking.

One of these being that we are able to put serial killers into different categories such as the visionary serial killer, mission-oriented serial killer, or hedonistic serial killer (the majority of serial killers). The hedonistic killers was further broken down into the comfort killers, lust killers and thrill killers. “Not all psychopaths are serial killers, but all serial killers are psychopaths.” It states that most psychopaths are CEOs, doctors and lawyers, they are “driven, focused, and can have little remorse in their quest for success—but they don’t kill (usually).” That just makes me not want to go see a doctor even more. They also talked a little about the difference between psychopaths and psychotic serial killers. “The difference is that psychotic serial killers have lost touch with reality, while psychopathic serial killers know exactly what they are doing.”

Rogers, Abby. “A Terrifying Glimpse Into The Mind Of A Serial Killer.” Business Insider, Insider Inc, 8 June 2012, https://www.businessinsider.com/12-shocking-and-twisted-facts-about-the-worlds-serial-killers-2012-6

The opening quote “There's no country that's been immune to a serial killer.” Which is true, Dr. Helen Morrison's research on serial killers has taken her across the globe where she has interviewed 135 serial killers. That's dedication right there which brings a lot of research into consideration of helping us understand serial killers. "No matter what country, ethnicity, race, socioeconomic background, education, familial background, they are all exactly the same," she said. That they, mostly male, have a chromosome abnormality which starts showing itself during puberty. Most babies become aware that “it's a separate being dependent on other people... Serial killers don't develop that feeling and don't see themselves as part of the world.”

"One of the things is you cannot spot a serial killer by what they show you," Morrison said. Serial killers can be very charming and charismatic. They aren't the psychopath running down the street; they're the man next door. "They're so completely ordinary," Morrison said. "That's what gets a lot of victims in trouble." That’s crazy and scary to think about that you could be talking to a serial killer and not even know it and I thought I had trust issues before. “ "For now, we're only speculating with what we know about the brain, which is practically nothing," Morrison said. "True you see behavior, true you see something wrong with the brain, but does that mean they're connected?" She has only been able to interview only a fraction of serial killers because she has to ask the government if she can interview and because of the “Kaimowitz vs. Michigan, a landmark case from 1973, decreed that prisoners could not participate in research because they weren't capable of free will.” It has left researchers stuck.

Warf, Barney, and Cynthia Waddell. “Heinous Spaces, Perfidious Places: The Sinister Landscapes of Serial Killers.” Social & Cultural Geography, vol. 3, no. 3, Sept. 2002, pp. 323–345. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/1464936022000003550.

“Whoever fights monsters should see to it that in the process he does not become a monster. And when you look into an abyss, the abyss also looks into you. ...quote above

implies, serial killers are a void that turns back upon the observer, a mirror into which our gaze leads to blindness.” I really like this quote because it is a reminder to us all to be careful.

They focus on serial killers in the USA, looking at different aspects such as rural areas versus urban areas and how gender plays into this understanding the landscape of a serial killer's mind. Since there is a lot of different definitions of what a serial killer is exactly they cleared that up in the beginning to make the discussion easier to understand. ‘Serial killers are not driven by greed, hatred, envy, revenge or spur-of-the-moment violence but by deeper, long-harbored compulsions’ ... Yet however random their acts may appear to others, serial killers do indeed operate on the basis on a certain perverse logic, even if it is only known to them. Does that mean that we are basically trying to understand madness in its purest form? Most serial killers are actually no insane “‘Insanity’ is a legally specific term that addresses only the question of whether or not the killer knew at the time of the murder that the act was wrong; most serial killers know that their actions are wrong.” They go talk about how that most have mental disorders and in their childhood “cruelty to animals and a fascination with fire. Most were physically and sexually abused. Many become abnormally interested in pornography.” This is a very good source for understanding what exactly a serial killer is.

#serial killer #annotated bibliography #10 sources

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