#gynodioecious

[iqfufjlo44yp6q]

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#watercolour #Yanktonai #outscouring #unrepressed #Vashtee #fossils #demissness #outwilling #Rosanna #km #sylvie #timber-eating #tussled #atacamite #Stercorariinae #Artie #Dodonian #goat-horned #signets #gynodioecious

[wheucto]

hmm. object oc who belongs to a 'species' (?) of gynodioecious flowers, but was somehow born a male

#wheucto #wheucto speaks #gynodioecious - (typically of flowering plants) species consisting of females and hermaphrodites #also maybe you can't tell the gender of individuals from his species until they bloom #so it's a surprise to him when he's just like. a boy #i say species in quotations and with a question mark bc i don't consider different object types as species #though i have no clue what else to call it here so.

[dein0nychus]

siggy give me as much wyvern info as possible

ENABLER!!!!

-Wyverns is invertebrates. They have a lobster-like shell-skeleton-thing beneath their skin that keeps their shape and protects their organs. Their beaks and resonating chambers are coated in keratin to reinforce them. Its much more "Wyvern-shaped" than Earth vertebrate skeletons.

-Wyverns don't have feathers, but rather coarse "hairs" like insects. The hairs are very thick (some individuals acclimated to colder climates can have up to 10 hairs per follicle, but its usually 1 or 2) and stiff. Touching a Wyvern feels like running your hand over a soft-bristle hairbrush. They usually range from 1-4 inches in length and stand straight up and away from the body, but sometimes can be longer and/or "shaggier."

-They come in lots of colors, from purples and blues to reds and oranges! Their color runs down to their skin, so a hairless Wyvern would still retain their color and pattern. Colors are genetic and related clanmates usually share similar colors, inherited from their parents. Brighter colors are considered more attractive, with the exception of pink. Pink wyverns are a form of hypopigmentation where the skin and hairs don't fully develop normal color, so they appear varying shades of pink depending on the levels of pigment in their skin. Rikki is a good example of a hypopigmented Wyvern- he retains some red pigment but is mostly pinkish in color. Pink is often used as an alarm or threat color, as their blood is magenta.

-Wyverns have a bisex system, but it doesn't quite work the same way ours does. One sex can only reproduce sexually with another Wyvern, while the other can reproduce parthenogenically (asexually) as well as sexually. There is no sexual dimorphism between the two. Exclusively sexual reproducers can mate either with the opposite sex or with each other (hence why I hesitate to call the sexes "male" and "female." The closest analogue here on Earth that I can find is gynodioecy, where females and hermaphrodites coexist, with the asexual reproducers being the "females" in this scenario. Confusing, I know. This is also totally prone to retcons as I'm not sold on it yet.)

In line with reproductive stuff while keeping it as SFW as possible, Wyverns are sort of marsupial-like in young development. They form a marsupium (a sort of weird external sack to hold developing offspring in. Isopods do it, its totally cool and weird) on their abdomen, where the offspring develop for a few months before they break out as little scraggly cotton balls called whelps. The whelps can't walk on their own, and are totally dependent on their parents for the first few years of their lives. They can eat solid food from birth but depend on their parents (and other adults in the clan) to carry them around, feed them, and protect them until they're old enough to start flying and their wings get strong enough to walk on. As soon as they're fully flighted, they're considered adults in the way of becoming a full-fledged clan member, but don't become fully physically mature until they're about 20, when their resonating chamber starts to grow out into its full display structure (which takes another year or so to finish.)

That's all I got off the top of my head without further prompting atm!

#volucrus anax #spec bio #xenobiology #xenobio #speculative biology

[evoldir]

Fwd: Graduate position: Montpellier.PlantSexChromosomes

Begin forwarded message: > From: [email protected] > Subject: Graduate position: Montpellier.PlantSexChromosomes > Date: 17 August 2023 at 06:02:45 BST > To: [email protected] > > > Dear colleagues, > > We have a three-year PhD position in a collaborative project between the > University of Montpellier (France), Biopolis (Porto, Portugal) and the ETH > Zurich (Switzerland). > > Title: Genomics of sexual systems and adaptation in an alpine plant, Silene acaulis > > Description: > The thesis will be focused on the Silene acaulis species complex, consisting of > several subspecies adapted to life at high altitudes and latitudes. While most > flowering plants have hermaphroditic flowers (with both pistils and stamens), > Silene acaulis is particular in that several subspecies have different sexual > systems, including dioecy (separate female and male plants) and gynodioecy > (separate female and hermaphroditic plants). In dioecious plants, sex can be > determined by sex chromosomes, as in many animals, but currently only few sex > chromosomes have been identified in plants, and the conditions for the evolution > of such chromosomes are currently debated. Furthermore, as dioecy imposes > outcrossing, the sexual system could have an impact on the efficacy of selection > and the capacity of a species to adapt. The existence of several sexual systems > within the S. acaulis complex offers an exciting possibility to address these > questions, using a newly assembled genome as well as DNA and RNA sequencing data > from individuals of several populations. > > Skills/requirements: > A Master degree in evolutionary biology or related fields. A first experience in > genomics and bioinformatics is required. The candidate should be able to work > independently, to organize her/his work efficiently, and should have the > capacity to communicate clearly and synthetically (oral and written > communication). The candidate should be fluent in English, and comfortable > working in an international environment. Some knowledge of French, in > particular, is helpful for extra-professional life in France. > > Thesis organization: > The thesis will be officially hosted at the GAIA Doctoral School of the > University of Montpellier and based at ISEM (Institute of Evolutionary Science > of Montpellier), and supervised by Sandrine Maurice and Jos Käfer. The thesis > will be co-supervised by Gabriel Marais at CIBIO (Porto, Portugal) and Alex > Widmer and Martin Fischer at ETH Zurich (Switzerland), and the candidate will > spend up to one year in each of these institutions. At ISEM, Sandrine Maurice > and Jos Käfer in the “Evolution and Demography” team focus on the study of rare > plants and plant reproductive systems. At CIBIO, Gabriel Marais is a specialist > in the genomics of sex chromosomes, and at ETH Zurich, Alex Widmer and Martin > Fischer of the Plant Ecological Genetics group work on sex determination and > speciation in plants. > > How to apply: > Send a motivation letter, a CV, and two contacts for reference to > [email protected] before 31 August 2023. Selected applicants will be invited for > an online interview in September. The thesis will start between 15 October 2023 > and 1 January 2024. > > > > Jos Käfer > CNRS Research associate in evolutionary plant biology > Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM) > > > Jos Käfer

#IFTTT #Email

[maloneritter93]

Extended non-coding RNAs: A double-edged sword inside getting older elimination as well as kidney ailment.

Approaches: VSMCs migration had been examined using Boyden slot provided, along with phosphorylation of every health proteins kinase had been examined by Western blotting. Results: Propofol as well as midazolam however, not ketamine or even dexmedetomidine reduced PDGF-BB-induced A10 cells migration in a concentration reliant fashion. The particular suppressive results about migration ended up witnessed and in individual aortic smooth muscle tissues. Probofol or perhaps midazolam did not impact phosphorylation involving PDGF receptor r throughout A10 tissue. Propofol or perhaps midazolam failed to have an effect on PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation associated with ERK as well as Akt. Alternatively, propofol or perhaps midazolam attenuated PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation associated with p38 mitogen-activated proteins kinase (MARK), nevertheless didn't affect phosphorylation regarding stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Equally ketamine as well as dexmedetomidine had no impact on the particular phosphorylation regarding p38 MAPK brought on by simply PDGF-BB. Summary: These kind of outcomes recommend that will propofol or midazolam prevents VSMC migration through PDGF-BB through elimination associated with p38 Indicate initial. Propofol or midazolam may have an effect on VSMC purpose within significantly unwell patients. Trademark (Chemical) 2014 Azines. Karger AG, BaselGynodioecy, the particular co-occurrence of female and hermaphroditic people in just a populace, is a vital more advanced within the advancement involving separate sexes. The initial step, feminine upkeep, demands ladies to have greater seed starting fitness compared with hermaphrodites. A common device thought to boost comparable feminine physical fitness is inbreeding depressive disorders deterrence, the actual degree of which is dependent upon hermaphroditic selfing charges as well as the power involving inbreeding major depression. Significantly less well analyzed will be the aftereffect of biparental inbreeding on feminine conditioning. Biparental inbreeding may affect family member female physical fitness only when their result or even rate of recurrence varies between genders, that could occur in case sexual intercourse structure and also genetic construction equally happen within people. To find out whether or not inbreeding deterrence and/or biparental inbreeding can easily take into account feminine perseverance inside Geranium maculatum, we calculated selfing and biparental inbreeding costs within a number of populations and also the spatial genetic framework inside six people. Selfing rates associated with hermaphrodites were reduced and also didn't vary drastically coming from actually zero in any inhabitants, bringing about women getting at most any 1-14% boost in seed starting fitness coming from inbreeding prevention. Furthermore, even though substantial spatial genetic composition is discovered in all of the numbers, biparental inbreeding charges ended up minimal in support of differed among sexes in a single inhabitants, thus possessing little affect on women conditioning. An assessment of the actual materials revealed couple of sex variations in biparental inbreeding among some other gynodioecious types. The results demonstrate that mating program variations might not exactly fully account for feminine servicing on this types, recommending some other mechanisms might be required.Dysregulation involving polycystin-1 (PC1) results in autosomal prominent polycystic kidney ailment (ADPKD), an ailment seen as occurance regarding a number of bilateral renal nodule, your modern accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), and also the growth and development of mTOR inhibitor tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Correspondingly, cystic epithelia convey increased amounts of integrins (ECM receptors that will manage numerous cell phone replies, for example cellular spreading, migration, and survival) which are usually changed within cystic tissues.

#Gefitinib #Etomoxir #Idelalisib #Infigratinib #Obeticholic #SNS-032 #A939572 #CFTRinh-172 #Wnt agonist 1 #AMG-900

[asgcontemporarydrawing]

Geranium

Geranium is a genus of 422 species of annual, biennial, and perennial plants that are commonly known as geraniums or cranesbills. They are found throughout the temperate regions of the world and the mountains of the tropics, but mostly in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region.

The palmately cleft leaves are broadly circular in form. The flowers have five petals and are coloured white, pink, purple or blue, often with distinctive veining. Geraniums will grow in any soil as long as it is not waterlogged. Propagation is by semiripe cuttings in summer, by seed, or by division in autumn or spring.

Geraniums are eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including brown-tail, ghost moth, and mouse moth. At least several species of Geranium are gynodioecious.The species Geranium viscosissimum (sticky geranium) is considered to be protocarnivorous.

The genus name is derived from the Greek γέρανος (géranos) or γερανός (geranós) ‘crane’. The English name ‘cranesbill’ derives from the appearance of the fruit capsule of some of the species. Species in the genus Geranium have a distinctive mechanism for seed dispersal. This consists of a beak-like column which springs open when ripe and casts the seeds some distance. The fruit capsule consists of five cells, each containing one seed, joined to a column produced from the centre of the old flower. The common name ‘cranesbill’ comes from the shape of the unsprung column, which in some species is long and looks like the bill of a crane. However, many species in this genus do not have a long beak-like column.

[leoustarroz-blog]

My First Kadota Fig Bud of 2017

This variety of figs is usually found in the canned goods section of your supermarket. They are delicious.

Other varieties of figs are usually semi-dried and packed in plastic in the dried fruit section. ______________________________ Varieties of Fig Grown In California: As of 2012, there are about 16,000 acres of figs grown in California of about 10 varieties. Those varieties in relative order of acreage are: Calimyrna, Mission, Adriatic types (Conadria, Adriatic, Di Redo, Tena), Brown Turkey, Kadota, Sierra, Sequoia. _____________________________ Culinary uses: Figs can be eaten fresh or dried, and are used in jam-making.

Most commercial production is in dried or otherwise processed forms, since the ripe fruit does not transport well, and once picked does not keep well.

The widely produced fig newton or fig roll is a biscuit (cookie) with a filling made from figs. ______________________________

Common Fig From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_fig

Ficus carica – Common fig 58571 Ficus carica L.jpg Foliage and fruit drawn in 1771[1] Conservation status

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) Scientific classification Kingdom:Plantae (unranked):Angiosperms (unranked):Eudicots (unranked):Rosids Order:Rosales Family:Moraceae Tribe:Ficeae Genus:Ficus Subgenus:Ficus Species:F. carica Binomial name Ficus carica L.

Synonyms

Ficus carica is an Asian species of flowering plants in the mulberry family, known as the common fig (or just the fig). It is the source of the fruit also called the fig, and as such is an important crop in those areas where it is grown commercially. Native to the Middle East and western Asia, it has been sought out and cultivated since ancient times, and is now widely grown throughout the world, both for its fruit and as an ornamental plant.[3][4] The species has become naturalized in scattered locations in Asia and North America.[5][6]

Contents:

1 Etymology 2 Biology 2.1 Description 2.2 Habitat 2.3 Ecology 3 In human culture 3.1 History 3.1.1 Introduction to California 3.2 Cultivation 3.2.1 Breeding 3.3 Production 3.4 Culinary use 3.5 Nutrition and phytochemicals 3.6 In religion and mythology 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

1 Etymology

The term fig has its origins from the Latin word, ficus, as well as the older Hebrew name, feg.[7] The name of the caprifig (Ficus caprificus Risso) is derived from Latin, with capro referring to goat and ficus referring to fig.[8]

2 Biology

2.1 Description

Ficus carica is a gynodioecious (functionally dioecious),[9] deciduous tree or large shrub, growing to a height of 7–10 metres (23–33 ft), with smooth white bark. Its fragrant leaves are 12–25 centimetres (4.7–9.8 in) long and 10–18 centimetres (3.9–7.1 in) across, and deeply lobed with three or five lobes. The complex inflorescence consists of a hollow fleshy structure called the syconium, which is lined with numerous unisexual flowers. The flowers themselves are not visible from outside the syconium, as they bloom inside the infructescence. Although commonly referred to as a fruit, the fig is actually the infructescence or scion of the tree, known as a false fruit or multiple fruit, in which the flowers and seeds are borne. It is a hollow-ended stem containing many flowers. The small orifice (ostiole) visible on the middle of the fruit is a narrow passage, which allows the specialized fig wasp Blastophaga psenes to enter the fruit and pollinate the flower, whereafter the fruit grows seeds. See Ficus: Fig fruit and reproduction system.

The edible fruit consists of the mature syconium containing numerous one-seeded fruits (druplets).[9] The fruit is 3–5 centimetres (1.2–2.0 in) long, with a green skin, sometimes ripening towards purple or brown. Ficus carica has milky sap (laticifer). The sap of the fig’s green parts is an irritant to human skin.[10]

2.2 Habitat

Variegated fig The common fig tree has been cultivated since ancient times and grows wild in dry and sunny areas, with deep and fresh soil; also in rocky areas, from sea level to 1,700 meters. It prefers relatively light free-draining soils, and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. Unlike other fig species, Ficus carica does not always require pollination by a wasp or from another tree,[11][12] but can be pollinated by the fig wasp, Blastophaga psenes to produce seeds.

The plant can tolerate seasonal drought, and the Middle Eastern and Mediterranean climate is especially suitable for the plant. Situated in a favorable habitat, old specimens when mature can reach a considerable size and form a large dense shade tree. Its aggressive root system precludes its use in many urban areas of cities, but in nature helps the plant to take root in the most inhospitable areas. The common fig tree is mostly a phreatophyte that lives in areas with standing or running water. It grows well in the valleys of the rivers and ravines saving no water, having strong need of water that is extracted from the ground. The deep-rooted plant searches groundwater, in aquifers, ravines, or cracks in the rocks. The fig tree, with the water, cools the environment in hot places, creating a fresh and pleasant habitat for many animals that take shelter in its shade in the times of intense heat.

The mountain or rock fig ("Anjeer Kohi", انجیر کوهی, in Persian) is a wild variety, tolerant of cold dry climates, of the semi-arid rocky mountainous regions of Iran, especially in the Kohestan Mountains of Khorasan.[10]

2.3 Ecology

Ficus carica is dispersed by birds and mammals that scatter their seeds in droppings. Fig fruit is an important food source for much of the fauna in some areas, and the tree owes its expansion to those that feed on its fruit. The common fig tree also sprouts from the root and stolon issues.

The infructescence is pollinated by a symbiosis with a kind of fig wasp (Blastophaga psenes). The fertilized female wasp enters the fig through the scion, which is a tiny hole in the crown (the ostiole). She crawls on the inflorescence inside the fig and pollinates some of the female flowers. She lays her eggs inside some of the flowers and dies. After weeks of development in their galls, the male wasps emerge before females through holes they produce by chewing the galls. The male wasps then fertilize the females by depositing semen in the hole in the gall. The males later return to the females and enlarge the holes to enable the females to emerge. Then some males enlarge holes in the scion, which enables females to disperse after collecting pollen from the developed male flowers. Females have a short time ( 20% DV) of dietary fiber and the essential mineral, manganese (26% DV), while several other dietary minerals are in moderate-to-low content.[29]

Figs contain diverse phytochemicals, including polyphenols such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin and rutin.[30][31] Fig color may vary between cultivars due to various concentrations of anthocyanins, with cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside having particularly high content.[32]

3 In Human Culture

3.1 History

The edible fig is one of the first plants that was cultivated by humans. Nine subfossil figs of a parthenocarpic (and therefore sterile) type dating to about 9400–9200 BC were found in the early Neolithic village Gilgal I (in the Jordan Valley, 13 km north of Jericho). The find predates the domestication of wheat, barley, and legumes, and may thus be the first known instance of agriculture. It is proposed that this sterile but desirable type was planted and cultivated intentionally, one thousand years before the next crops were domesticated (wheat and rye).[13]

Figs were widespread in ancient Greece, and their cultivation was described by both Aristotle and Theophrastus. Aristotle noted that as in animal sexes, figs have individuals of two kinds, one (the cultivated fig) that bears fruit, and one (the wild caprifig) that assists the other to bear fruit. Further, Aristotle recorded that the fruits of the wild fig contain psenes (fig wasps); these begin life as larvae, and the adult psen splits its "skin" (pupa) and flies out of the fig to find and enter a cultivated fig, saving it from dropping. Theophrastus observed that just as date palms have male and female flowers, and that farmers (from the East) help by scattering "dust" from the male on to the female, and as a male fish releases his milt over the female’s eggs, so Greek farmers tie wild figs to cultivated trees. They do not say directly that figs reproduce sexually, however.[14]

Figs were also a common food source for the Romans. Cato the Elder, in his c. 160 BC De Agri Cultura, lists several strains of figs grown at the time he wrote his handbook: the Mariscan, African, Herculanean, Saguntine, and the black Tellanian (De agri cultura, ch. 8). The fruits were used, among other things, to fatten geese for the production of a precursor of foie gras.

It was cultivated from Afghanistan to Portugal, also grown in Pithoragarh in the Kumaon hills of India. From the 15th century onwards, it was grown in areas including Northern Europe and the New World.[3] In the 16th century, Cardinal Reginald Pole introduced fig trees to Lambeth Palace in London.

In 1769, Spanish missionaries led by Junipero Serra brought the first figs to California. The Mission variety, which they cultivated, is still popular.[15] The fact that it is parthenocarpic (self-pollinating) made it an ideal cultivar for introduction.

The Kadota cultivar is even older, being mentioned by the Roman naturalist Pliny in the 1st century A.D.

3.1.1 Introduction to California

As California’s population grew, especially after the goldrush, a number of other varieties were brought to California by individuals and nurserymen from the East Coast of the United States and from France and England, and by the end of the 19th century, it became apparent that California had potential for being a great fig-producing state with its Mediterranean climate and a latitude of 38 degrees, lining San Francisco up with Smyrna, Turkey. G. P. Rixford first brought true Smyrna figs to California in 1880. The effort was amplified by the San Francisco Bulletin Company, which sought to bring new varieties from Smyrna to California and distribute the cuttings to the Bulletin’s subscribers, with the expectation that the subscribers would report back which varieties were most fit for California or regions of California. In 1881, some 14,000 cuttings were shipped in good condition to California and distributed to Bulletin Company subscribers as promised. However, not one of the trees planted produced a single mature fruit.[3] George Roeding concluded this was due to the lack of pollination since the insect pollinator was not present in California.[15] After a couple of failed attempts, wild fig trees carrying fig wasps were successfully introduced to California on April 6, 1899 to allow for fruit production of Smyrna-type figs.[3][14]

The most popular variety of Smyrna-type fig is Calimyrna, a name combining “California” and “Smyrna.” The variety itself, however, is not one produced through a breeding program, but it is from one of the cuttings brought to California in the latter part of the 19th century. It is identical to the Lob Injir variety that has been grown in Turkey for many centuries.[16]

3.2 Cultivation

The common fig is grown for its edible fruit throughout the temperate world. It is also grown as an ornamental tree, and the cultivar ‘Brown Turkey’ has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[17]

Figs can be found in continental climates with hot summers as far north as Hungary and Moravia, and can be harvested up to four times per year. Thousands of cultivars, most named, have been developed as human migration brought the fig to many places outside its natural range. Figs plants can be propagated by seed or by vegetative methods. Vegetative propagation is quicker and more reliable, as it does not yield the inedible caprifigs. Seeds germinate readily in moist conditions and grow rapidly once established. For vegetative propagation, shoots with buds can be planted in well-watered soil in the spring or summer, or a branch can be scratched to expose the bast (inner bark) and pinned to the ground to allow roots to develop.[18]

Two crops of figs can be produced each year.[19] The first or breba crop develops in the spring on last year’s shoot growth. The main fig crop develops on the current year’s shoot growth and ripens in the late summer or fall. The main crop is generally superior in quantity and quality, but some cultivars such as ‘Black Mission’, ‘Croisic’, and ‘Ventura’ produce good breba crops.

There are three types of edible figs

1. Persistent (or common) figs have all female flowers that do not need pollination for fruiting; the fruit can develop through parthenocarpic means. This is a popular horticulture fig for home gardeners. Dottato (Kadota), Black Mission, Brown Turkey, Brunswick, and Celeste are some representative cultivars.

2. Caducous (or Smyrna) figs require cross pollination by the fig wasp with pollen from caprifigs for the fruit to mature. If not pollinated the immature fruits drop. Some cultivars are Marabout, Inchàrio, and Zidi.

3. Intermediate (or San Pedro) figs set an unpollinated breba crop, but need pollination for the later main crop. Examples are Lampeira, King, and San Pedro.

There are dozens of fig cultivars, including main and Breba cropping varieties, and an edible caprifig (the Croisic). Varieties are often local, found in a single region of one country.[21][22]

3.2.1 Breeding/

While the fig contains more naturally occurring varieties than any other tree crop, a formal breeding program was not developed until the beginning of the 20th century.[23] Ira Condit, “High Priest of the Fig,” and William Storey tested some thousands of fig seedlings in the early 20th Century based at University of California, Riverside.[22] It was then continued at the University of California, Davis. However, the fig breeding program was temporarily closed in the 1980s.[23]

Due to insect and fungal disease pressure in both dried and fresh figs, the breeding program was revived in 1989 by James Doyle and Louise Ferguson using the germplasm established at UC Riverside by Ira Condit and William Storey. Crosses were made and two new varieties are now in production in California: the public variety "Sierra", and the patented variety "Sequoia".

3.3 Production

Turkey is the leading producer of figs (274.5 thousand metric tons), having 27% of the world total of over one million metric tons (table). Significant production occurs also in the North African region, particularly Egypt, Algeria and Morocco (table).

Top Fig Producing Countries – 2012

RankCountryProduction (in Metric Tonnes) 1 Turkey274,535 2 Egypt171,062 3 Algeria110,058 4 Morocco102,694 5 Iran78,000 6 Syria41,224 7 United States35,072 8 Brazil28,010 9 Albania27,255 10 Tunisia25,000 World1,031,391 Source: UN Food & Agriculture Organization [25]

While the United States is lower on the list of fig producing countries, California produces ~ 80% of the U.S. production,[26] some of the greatest research on fig breeding and development in the last 100 years has taken place in California under the auspices of the private growers and public employees of the University of California. As of 2012, there are about 16,000 acres of figs grown in California of about 10 varieties. Those varieties in relative order of acreage are: Calimyrna, Mission, Adriatic types (Conadria, Adriatic, Di Redo, Tena), Brown Turkey, Kadota, Sierra, Sequoia.[27]

3.4 Culinary use

Figs can be eaten fresh or dried, and used in jam-making.

Most commercial production is in dried or otherwise processed forms, since the ripe fruit does not transport well, and once picked does not keep well.

The widely produced fig newton or fig roll is a biscuit (cookie) with a filling made from figs.

Fresh figs are in season[where?] from August through to early October. Fresh figs used in cooking should be plump and soft, and without bruising or splits. If they smell sour, the figs have become over-ripe. Slightly under-ripe figs can be kept at room temperature for 1–2 days to ripen before serving. Figs are most flavorful at room temperature.[28]

3.5 Nutrition and phytochemicals

"Schiocca": calabrian dried figs Raw figs are a good source (14% of the Daily Value, DV) of dietary fiber per 100 gram serving (74 calories), but otherwise do not supply essential nutrients in significant content (table).

In a 100 gram serving providing 229 calories, dried figs are a rich source (> 20% DV) of dietary fiber and the essential mineral, manganese (26% DV), while several other dietary minerals are in moderate-to-low content.[29]

Figs contain diverse phytochemicals, including polyphenols such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin and rutin.[30][31] Fig color may vary between cultivars due to various concentrations of anthocyanins, with cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside having particularly high content.[32]

Figs, raw Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Energy310 kJ (74 kcal) Carbohydrates 19.18 g Sugars16.26 g Dietary fiber2.9 g Fat 0.30 g Protein 0.75 g Vitamins Thiamine (B1)(5%) 0.060 mg Riboflavin (B2)(4%) 0.050 mg Niacin (B3)(3%) 0.400 mg Pantothenic acid (B5)(6%) 0.300 mg Vitamin B6(9%) 0.113 mg Folate (B9)(2%) 6 μg Choline(1%) 4.7 mg Vitamin C(2%) 2.0 mg Vitamin K(4%) 4.7 μg Minerals Calcium(4%) 35 mg Iron(3%) 0.37 mg Magnesium(5%) 17 mg Manganese(6%) 0.128 mg Phosphorus(2%) 14 mg Potassium(5%) 242 mg Sodium(0%) 1 mg Zinc(2%) 0.15 mg Link to USDA Database entry Units μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams IU = International units Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database Nutrition and phytochemicals[edit]

"Schiocca": calabrian dried figs Raw figs are a good source (14% of the Daily Value, DV) of dietary fiber per 100 gram serving (74 calories), but otherwise do not supply essential nutrients in significant content (table).

In a 100 gram serving providing 229 calories, dried figs are a rich source (> 20% DV) of dietary fiber and the essential mineral, manganese (26% DV), while several other dietary minerals are in moderate-to-low content.[29]

Figs contain diverse phytochemicals, including polyphenols such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin and rutin.[30][31] Fig color may vary between cultivars due to various concentrations of anthocyanins, with cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside having particularly high content.[32]

3.6 In religion and mythology

Fresh figs cut open showing the flesh and seeds inside In the Biblical Book of Genesis, Adam and Eve clad themselves with fig leaves (Genesis 3:7) after eating the "forbidden fruit" from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. Likewise, fig leaves, or depictions of fig leaves, have long been used to cover the genitals of nude figures in painting and sculpture. Art collectors and exhibitors often added these depictions long after the original work was completed.[citation needed]

The use of the fig leaf as a protector of modesty or shield of some kind has entered the language.[citation needed]

The Book of Deuteronomy specifies the fig as one of the Seven Species (Deuteronomy 8:7-8), describing the fertility of the land of Canaan. This is a set of seven plants indigenous to the Middle East that together can provide food all year round. The list is organized by date of harvest, with the fig being fourth due to its main crop ripening during summer.

Also in the Bible (Matthew 21:18–22 and Mark 11:12–14, 19–21) is a story of Jesus finding a fig tree when he was hungry; the tree had leaves on it, but no fruit. Jesus then curses the fig tree, which withers.

The biblical quote "each man under his own vine and fig tree" (1 Kings 4:25) has been used to denote peace and prosperity. It was commonly quoted to refer to the life that would be led by settlers in the American West,[citation needed] and was used by Theodor Herzl in his depiction of the future Jewish Homeland: "We are a commonwealth. In form it is new, but in purpose very ancient. Our aim is mentioned in the First Book of Kings: ‘Judah and Israel shall dwell securely, each man under his own vine and fig tree, from Dan to Beersheba".[33] United States President George Washington, writing in 1790 to the Touro Synagogue of Newport, Rhode Island, extended the metaphor to denote the equality of all Americans regardless of faith.[34]

Buddha achieved enlightenment under the bodhi tree, a large and old sacred fig tree (Ficus religiosa, or Pipal).

Sura 95 of the Qur’an is named al-Tīn (Arabic for "The Fig"), as it opens with the oath "By the fig and the olive." The fruit is also mentioned elsewhere in the Qur’an. Within the Hadith, Sahih al-Bukhari records Muhammad stating: "If I had to mention a fruit that descended from paradise, I would say this is it because the paradisiacal fruits do not have pits…eat from these fruits for they prevent hemorrhoids, prevent piles and help gout."[35]

In Greek mythology, the god Apollo sends a crow to collect water from a stream for him. The crow sees a fig tree and waits for the figs to ripen, tempted by the fruit. He knows that he is late and that his tardiness will be punished, so he gets a snake from the stream and collects the water. He presents Apollo with the water and uses the snake as an excuse. Apollo sees through the crow’s lie and throws the crow, goblet, and snake into the sky where they form the constellations Hydra, Crater, and Corvus.

In Aristophanes’ Lysistrata one of the women boasts about the "curriculum" of initiation rites she went through to become an adult woman (Lys. 641–7). As her final accomplishment before marriage, when she was already a fair girl, she bore the basket as a kanephoros, wearing a necklace of dried figs.

In the course of his campaign to persuade the Roman Republic to pursue a third Punic War, Cato the Elder produced before the Senate a handful of fresh figs, said to be from Carthage. This showed its proximity to Rome (and hence the threat), and also accused the Senate of weakness and effeminacy: figs were associated with femininity, owing to the appearance of the inside of the fruit.[36]

The word "sycophant" comes from the Greek word sykophantes, meaning"one who shows the fig". "Showing the fig" was a vulgar gesture made with the hand.[37]

Since the flower is invisible, there are various idioms related to it in languages around the world. In a Bengali idiom as used in tumi yēna ḍumurēr phul hay.ē gēlē (তুমি যেন ডুমুরের ফুল হয়ে গেলে), i.e., ‘you have become (invisible like) the fig flower (doomurer phool)’. There is a Hindi idiom related to flower of fig tree, गूलर का फूल (gūlar kā phūl i.e. flower of fig) means something that just would not ever see i.e. rare of the rarest[38] In Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh state of India apart from standard Hindi idiom a variant is also used; in the region it is assumed that if something or work or job contains (or is contaminated by) flower of fig it will not get finished e.g. this work contains fig flower i.e. it is not getting completed by any means.

Gular ka phool (flower of fig) is a collection of poetry in written in Hindi by Rajiv Kumar Trigarti.[39]

A poem in Telugu written by Yogi Vemana, says "Medi pandu chuda melimayyi undunu, potta vippi chuda purugulundunu", "The fig fruit looks harmless but once you open you find tiny insects [refers to the fig wasp] in there".

Posted by Chic Bee on 2017-03-12 08:40:49

Tagged: , Fig Tree , Kadota Fig , Fig Bud , Flower Case , Flowers Inside

The post My First Kadota Fig Bud of 2017 appeared first on Good Info.

[miduhadi]

Gynodioecy as a defense against weevils!

#whistler-bioblitz #bpotd

[batexamin]

Agriculture - Current Affairs Questions & Answers for Competitive Exams

Agriculture - Current Affairs Questions & Answers for Competitive Exams

General Agriculture Quiz, Agriculture Competitive Exam Questions And Answers, Agriculture Current Affairs 2017 Pdf, General Agriculture Objective Questions Ebook, Agriculture Question Bank With Answers Download, Agriculture Mcq With Answers Pdf, Interview Questions Answers Agriculture, Agriculture Current Affairs 2016 Pdf, Latest Current Affairs And News About Agriculture, Indian Agriculture General Knowledge Pdf , Agriculture General Knowledge Objective Questions, Objective And Practice Questions For Agriculture, Gk Questions: Indian Agriculture, Agriculture Question Answer, GK Quiz, General Knowledge, Agriculture Question Answer, Agriculture GK Quiz, General Knowledge on Agriculture, Objective Agriculture Question and answer, Agriculture Competitive Exam Questions and Answers, Agriculture MCQ Questions Answers, Agriculture Mcq With Answers 2017, General Agriculture Mcq Pdf   Dear Readers, Welcome to daily Current Affairs quiz questions with answers on Agriculture. These objective type (MCQ) questions on Agriculture are useful for competitive exams like IBPS, Bank PO, SBI PO, RRB, RBI, LIC, Specialist Officer, Clerk, SSC, UPSC, Railway etc. Try Objective type Question For Agriculture Subject Competition.   Covering various important national and international topics, the chosen questions help you improve your general knowledge (GK) and perform the best. Every year mostly 2 or 3 questions from this topic are asked in various competitive exams like SSC, IBPS, Railways etc. Agriculture Question Answer, Agriculture GK Quiz, General Knowledge on Agriculture, Objective Agriculture Question and answer.   

Agriculture - Current Affairs Questions & Answers for Competitive Exams

  Learn and prepare with these daily current affairs quiz and practice test questions on Agriculture to crack current affairs section of any competitive exam. These questions are from the topic of Indian Agriculture. Questions are very useful for competitive exams and General Knowledge.    1. Red Delicious is a variety of– (a) Apple (b) Guava (c) Mango (d) Papaya (Ans : a) 2. The ratio between marketable crop yield and water used in evapotranspiration is known as– (a) Water use efficiency (b) Consumptive use efficiency (c) Field water use efficiency (d) Economic irrigation efficiency (Ans : a) 3. Which of the following elements is not essential element of plants but proves to be beneficial for some plants? (a) Copper (b) Sodium (c) Boron (d) Iodine (Ans : b) 4. In Jute growing areas the usual alternate crop is– (a) Sugarcane (b) Wheat (c) Cotton (d) Rice (Ans : d) 5. Which one of the following fertilizers is known as ‘Kisan Khad’? (a) Ammonium Sulphate (b) Urea (c) Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (d) None of these (Ans : c) 6. The colour of tomato is due to the presence of– (a) Xanthomonas (b) Anthocyanin (c) Lycopin (d) Carotene (Ans : c) Latest Jobs : Assistant Agricultural Officer Posts 2017 7. The cropping intensity of maize-potato-tobacoo is– (a) 200% (b) 100% (c) 300 (d) None of these (Ans : c) 8. In India post-harvest losses of fruit and vegetable is ………. Per cent of the total production. (a) 25 – 30 (b) 40 – 45 (c) 15 – 20 (d) 50 – 50 (Ans : a) 9. Neelum is variety of– (a) Papaya (b) Mango (c) Grape (d) Apple (Ans : b) 10. Which one of the following is not a primary nutrient? (a) N (b) S (c) K (d) P (Ans : b) 11. TPS technique is related to– (a) Tomato (b) Potato (c) Sugarcane (d) All of these (Ans : b) 12. Where do the female mango leaf hoppers lay their eggs? (a) On the dorsal surface of leaves (b) On the ventral surface of leaves (c) Inside the mid-rib of leaves (d) inside the tissue of leaf margin (Ans : b) 13. Seed rate of American cotton is– (a) 12 kg/ha (b) 20 kg/ha (c) 30 kg/ha (d) 35 kg/ha (Ans : b) 14. ‘First blight’ of sugarcane is due to deficiency of nutrient– (a) Zn (b) Mn (c) Fe (d) P (Ans : b) 15. In India, gene bank of wheat is located at– (a) IARI, New Delhi (b) Karnal (c) Ludhiana (d) Kanpur (Ans : b) 16. ‘Chanchal’ is a variety of– (a) Tomato (b) Brinjal (c) Chilli (d) Capsicum (Ans : c) 17. The Commission of Agricultural Costs and Prices fixes the– (a) Retail price (b) Support price (c) Wholesle price (d) None of these (Ans : b) 18. ‘Pusa Jai Kisan’ is a somaclone of– (a) Basmati rice (b) Indian mustard (c) Citronella java (d) Khesari (Ans : b) 19. SRI is a technique used in– (a) Rice (b) Wheat (c) Maize (d) Groundnut (Ans : a) 20. In maize plants– (a) Tassels appear first (b) Silk appear first (c) Both of these appear at same time (d) None of these (Ans : b) 21 Seed plant technique is followed in– (a) Wheat (b) Paddy (c) Potato (d) Bijra (Ans : b) 22. Citrus tristeza virus is transmitted through– (a) Aphid (b) Plant hopper (c) Thrips (d) Nematode (Ans : b) 23. Parthenocarpy occurs in– (a) Mango (b) Jackfruit (c) Peach (d) Banana (Ans : b) 24. Isolation distance for foundations seed of rice is– (a) 30 metre (b) 50 metre (c) 35 metre (d) 3 metre (Ans : d) 25. Guttation occurs in plants through– (a) Stomata (b) Hydathodes (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these (Ans : c) 26. Sulphur–coated Urea contains N– (a) 30% (b) 40% (c) 21% (d) 26% (Ans : a) 27. Khaira disease of rice can be controlled by spraying– (a) Borax (b) Copper sulphate (c) Zinc sulphate (d) Calcium sulphate (Ans : c) 28. Recording of milk production in dairy farm is done mainly for– (a) Quick selling of milk (b) Increase in production of milk (c) Selection of good producer (d) Ensuring Quality of milk (Ans : c) 29. Ratna is a variety of– (a) Wheat (b) Rice (c) Barley (d) Maize (Ans : c) 30. Which two crops of the following are responsible for almost 75% of pulse production in India? (a) Gram and moong bean (b) Gram and pigeon pea (c) Moong bean and lentil (d) Pigeon pea and moong bean (Ans : b) 31. Milk Sugar is– (a) Fructose (b) Lactose (c) Maltose (d) Sucrose (Ans : b) 32. Blind hoeing is recommended for– (a) Wheat (b) Maize (c) Groundnut (d) Sugarcane (Ans : d) 33. Among the following crop rotations, which is good for increasing soil nutrient status? (a) Sorghum – Wheat (b) Rice – Wheat (c) Pearlmillet – Wheat (d) Groundnut – Wheat (Ans : d) 34. Which one of the following plants belongs to family Anacardiaceae? (a) Orange (b) Papaya (c) Cashewnut (d) None of these (Ans : c) 35. Gynodioecious varieties papaya produce– (a) Only male plants (b) Only female plants (c) Female and hermaphrodite plants (d) Male and hermaphrodite plants (Ans : b) 36. The Green Revolution has mainly been successful for– (a) Rice (b) Wheat (c) Maize (d) Gram (Ans : b) 37. The number of essential mineral elements of plant is– (a) 20 (b) 16 (c) 13 (d) 21 (Ans : b) 38. Damaging stage of potato tuber moth is– (a) Larva (b) Adult (c) Pupa (d) All of these (Ans : a) 39. Vinegar contains, ……….. per cent acetic acid. (a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 20 (d) 15 (Ans : d) 40. Botanically pineapple is a– (a) Pome (b) Berry (c) Baluster (d) Sorosis (Ans : d) 41. Which of the following is glyceride? (a) Coconut oil (b) Kerosine oil (c) Essential oil (d) Catechol (Ans : d) 42. Prabhat is an early short duration variety of– (a) Green gram (b) Black gram (c) Red gram (d) Gram (Ans : c) 43. Rice and wheat has how many stamens? (a) 3, 3 (b) 6, 6 (c) 3, 6 (d) 6, 3 (Ans : a) 44. Greening of potato results in– (a) Increase in nutritional quality (b) Decrease in nutritional quality (c) Increase in disease resistance (d) Decrease in disease resistance (Ans : b) 45. Damping-off disease of vegetable nursery can be controlled by– (a) Solarization (b) Mixing of fungicides in soil (c) Seed treatment (d) All of these (Ans : d) 46. Which one of the following can be suitable for cropping as a wheat mixed crop? (a) Mustard (b) Jowar (c) Cotton (d) Cabbage (Ans : a) 47. Groundnut pegs when developed in the soil form– (a) Roots (b) Stems (c) Tubers (d) Fruits (Ans : d) 48 The optimum cardinal temperature point for germination of rice seeds is– (a) 20°C – 25°C (b) 18°C – 22°C (c) 37°C – 39°C (d) 30°C – 32°C (Ans : a) 49. Numbers of agro-climate and ecological zones classified by ICAR respectively are– (a) 8, 131 (b) 131, 8 (c) 15, 131 (d) 21, 15 (Ans : c) 50. Pink bollworm is a pest of– (a) Mustard (b) Cotton (c) Okra (d) Gram (Ans : b)

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  v List of Folk Dance Form in India – State Wise For Bank Exam

v Famous Palaces in India

v LIST OF SPACE RESEARCH CENTERS IN INDIA

v Famous Temples in India

v Major Tiger Reserves of India

v Union Territories with their capitals and governing bodies

v Important Indian Towns and Cities situated on River Bank

v List of Longest, Largest, Highest, Tallest Places in the India

v List of Waterfalls in India

v List of First in India

v List of Indian Government Schemes

v India’s Rank on different index 2018

v List of Insurance Joint Ventures in India

v Important Missiles of India

v List of Indian Ambassadors to Foreign Countries

v Thermal Power Stations & Hydro Stations In India

v Major Religions of the World

v Memorial Places of Famous Indian Leaders

v 50 Major Airlines of the World

v Cities and Their Nicknames

v Nick names of Famous Persons & Sportsperson

v Indian Political Parties & their Leaders & Symbols

v State Symbols of India

v Countries visited by Narendra Modi (2014-2017)

v National Parks of India

v Important Museums In India

v Recently Appointed Brand Ambassadors

v All Chief Justices of India Since 1950 Till Date

v Important International Boundary Lines

v Famous Cricket Stadium In World

v Major Lakes in India

v ‘Father of the Nation’ of Different Countries

v Indian Cities and Their Nicknames

v Highest, Longest, Biggest, Largest, Deepest, Smallest of the World & India

v 50 Famous Sports Personalities in India

v List of 29 Indian States and Their Capitals + Chief Ministers in 2018

v National Symbols of India

v Indian Railway Zones Headquarters & Divisions

v List of Bharat Ratna Award Winners 1954 – 2017

v Difference Between Private And Nationalised Banks?

v Khel Ratna, Arjuna & Dronacharya award winners for 2017

v Jnanpith Award Winners 2017

v Man Booker Prize Winners Complete List (1969-2017)

v Agriculture GK Objective Question & Answers MCQ

v Socio – Religious Reform Movements In India

v Best Famous Slogans/Quotes By Indian Freedom Fighters

v Important Wars & Battles in Indian History

v Important Years/Dates in Indian History 1851 to 2010

v Regional Rural Banks ( Sponsors & States )

v List Of National & International Airports In India

v 14 Major Seaports in India, Indian Sea ports

v Joint Military Exercises Of Indian Army With Other Countries 2018

v Bank, Headquarters, Tagline/Slogan & Their Chairman/Head 2018

v CEOs, MDs & Heads of Indian Banks 2018

v Foreign Banks in India And Their Headquarter 2018

v Heads of Important Offices in India :Latest

v Important Indian Organisations And Their Headquarters 2018

v List of 35 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India

Read the full article

#AgricultureCompetitiveExamQuestionsAndAnswers #AgricultureCurrentAffairs2016Pdf #AgricultureCurrentAffairs2017Pdf #AgricultureGeneralKnowledgeObjectiveQuestions #AgricultureGKQuiz #AgricultureMCQQuestionsAnswers #AgricultureMcqWithAnswers2017 #AgricultureMcqWithAnswersPdf #AgricultureQuestionAnswer #AgricultureQuestionBankWithAnswersDownload #GeneralAgricultureMcqPdf #GeneralAgricultureObjectiveQuestionsEbook #GeneralAgricultureQuiz #GeneralKnowledge #GeneralKnowledgeonAgriculture #GkQuestions:IndianAgriculture #GKQuiz #IndianAgricultureGeneralKnowledgePdf #InterviewQuestionsAnswersAgriculture #LatestCurrentAffairsAndNewsAboutAgriculture #ObjectiveAgricultureQuestionandanswer #ObjectiveAndPracticeQuestionsForAgriculture

[officialsmbe]

Patterns of genome-wide nucleotide diversity in the gynodioecious plant Thymus vulgaris are compatible with recent sweeps of cytoplasmic genes

GBE latest: http://dlvr.it/Q6qy5C

[eurekamag--com]

The genetic structure of a gynodioecious plant: nuclear and cytoplasmic genes

http://dlvr.it/PqMl39

[myquestionbank]

General Knowledge Questions Answer Quiz

General Knowledge Questions Answer Quiz

Q. Neelum is a variety of – 1) Grape 2) Papaya 3) Mango 4) Apple ANS: 3 Q. The Commission of Agricultural Costs and Prices fixes the – 1) Support price 2) Wholesale price 3) Retail price 4) None of these ANS: 1 Q. Vector of phyllody disease is – 1) Thrips 2) Mite 3) White fly 4) Jassid ANS: 1 Q. Gynodioecious varieties of papaya produce – 1) Only male plants 2) Female and hermaphrodite 3) Male…

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[evoldir]

Fwd: Postdoc: ULyon.AnimalMitochondrialGenomics

Begin forwarded message: > From: [email protected] > Subject: Postdoc: ULyon.AnimalMitochondrialGenomics > Date: 5 November 2021 at 08:18:12 GMT > To: [email protected] > > > We are opening a two year post-doc position at the Universit� de Lyon, > France. > > The postdoctoral researcher will join the ANR MINIGAN project which aims > to study the causes and consequences of conflicts between the > mitochondrial and nuclear genomes on sexual reproduction in a > hermaphroditic gastropod. Recently, the MINIGAN consortium discovered > individuals in the freshwater gastropod Physa acuta with a highly > divergent mitochondrial genome associated with male sterility. These > male-sterile individuals constitute, together with hermaphroditic > individuals, natural gynodioecious populations (coexistence of > hermaphroditic individuals and only female individuals). The > postdoctoral fellow will be in charge of the acquisition and comparative > analysis of several hundred mitochondrial genomes from natural > populations, in order to better understand the diversity, distribution > and evolutionary origin of sterilizing mitochondrial genomes. He/she > will also use a transcriptomic approach to characterize the functional > changes associated with male sterility. > > More information here: > https://bit.ly/3b5nO0z > > Regards, > -- > Tristan Lef�bure > > LEHNA, Univ Lyon1, CNRS > > > > Tristan Lefebure > via IFTTT

[botanytoo]

High male fertility in males of a subdioecious shrub Female reproductive success in females versus hermaphrodites has been well documented. However, documenting a potential advantage in fertility of male versus hermaphrodite individuals in subdioecious species is also essential for understanding the evolutionary pathway from hermaphroditism toward dioecy via gynodioecy.

#dioecy #Eurya japonica #fruit-set #male reproductive success #siring success #subdioecy

[evoldir]

Graduate position: UGuelph.PlantEvolution

Graduate student positions in plant evolutionary ecology at the University of Guelph I am looking for graduate students (MS or PhD) interested in studying (1) the evolution and maintenance of gynodioecy (a breeding system where female and hermaphroditic plants coexist) or (2) the effect of pollinator declines on floral evolution in native wildflowers. For more information on these projects and my lab, check out: http://bit.ly/2pL3U3f Students will have considerable freedom to develop their projects, and could start in either Fall 2019 or Winter 2020. Interested candidates should email me at [email protected]. Please include a statement of interest, CV, and transcript (unofficial is fine). Because of funding restrictions, preference will be given to candidates who are Canadian citizens or landed immigrants. Christina M. (Chris) Caruso Associate Professor Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada Christina Caruso via Gmail

#EvolDir

[evoldir]

Graduate Position: IllinoisStateU.plant-microbial interactions

--_000_DM5PR03MB3273FBDB83CDF633A2FFDA5AE1740DM5PR03MB3273namp_ Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable The Byers lab at Illinois State University is recruiting graduate students interested in the evolutionary dynamics of plant and soil microbes as well as plant - pollinator dynamics in the fragmented landscape of Midwestern prairies. Our recent work has been focused on the impacts of genetic drift on the frequency of female plants of a native prairie plant with a gynodioecious breeding system - Lobelia spicata. Given interesting patterns in earlier results we are now focusing on the potential impacts of soil pathogens or mutualisms in altering the relative fitness of the different sexes. We are also working in collaboration with multiple researchers at the University of Kansas and University of Minnesota on the role of plant-pathogen interactions in the maintenance of species diversity. This recently NSF-funded project will be assessing these interactions across rainfall and species diversity gradients in Midwestern U.S. prairies. The position is for a talented and industrious graduate student to work on this NSF-funded project, which will be focusing on prairie plant-microbial interactions in the high diversity tallgrass prairies of Illinois. This work will be done in close coordination with parallel field and greenhouse projects in Kansas. The student will have the opportunity to develop additional directions linked to our work with Lobelia spicata. Illinois State University is located in central Illinois in the college-dominated medium-size town of Normal, IL. which is an easy drive to Chicago and St. Louis. The School of Biological Sciences has a broad interactive group of faculty with both M.S. and Ph.D. degree programs. You can learn more about the School at http://bit.ly/2y5oDCd. Interested applicants should contact Dr. Diane Byers at [email protected]. With your inquiry, please include a CV, unofficial transcript, short overview of your research interests and experience, and GRE scores if available. Applications for the Fall are accepted until January or until a candidate is chosen, so earlier application is encouraged. --_000_DM5PR03MB3273FBDB83CDF633A2FFDA5AE1740DM5PR03MB3273namp_ Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!-- P {margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;} -->

The Byers lab at Illinois State University is recruiting graduate students interested in the evolutionary dynamics of plant and soil microbes as well as plant - pollinator dynamics in the fragmented landscape of Midwestern prairies. Our recent work has been focused on the impacts of genetic drift on the frequency of female plants of a native prairie plant with a gynodioecious breeding system - Lobelia spicata. Given interesting patterns in earlier results we are now focusing on the potential impacts of soil pathogens or mutualisms in altering the relative fitness of the different sexes.   We are also working in collaboration with multiple researchers at the University of Kansas and University of Minnesota on the role of plant-pathogen interactions in the maintenance of species diversity. This recently NSF-funded project will be assessing these interactions across rainfall and species diversity gradients in Midwestern U.S. prairies.   The position is for a talented and industrious graduate student to work on this NSF-funded project, which will be focusing on prairie plant-microbial interactions in the high diversity tallgrass prairies of Illinois. This work will be done in close coordination with parallel field and greenhouse projects in Kansas. The student will have the opportunity to develop additional directions linked to our work with Lobelia spicata.   Illinois State University is located in central Illinois in the college-dominated medium-size town of Normal, IL. which is an easy drive to Chicago and St. Louis. The School of Biological Sciences has a broad interactive group of faculty with both M.S. and Ph.D. degree programs. You can learn more about the School at http://bit.ly/2y5oDCd.   Interested applicants should contact Dr. Diane Byers at [email protected]. With your inquiry, please include a CV, unofficial transcript, short overview of your research interests and experience, and GRE scores if available.   Applications for the Fall are accepted until January or until a candidate is chosen, so earlier application is encouraged.        

--_000_DM5PR03MB3273FBDB83CDF633A2FFDA5AE1740DM5PR03MB3273namp via Gmail

#EvolDir