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poonamcmi · 2 years
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millioninsights · 4 years
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Glucose Biosensor Market nalysis, Market Share, Revenue Opportunity, Competitive Analysis and Forecast to 2022
The global glucose biosensor market was estimated at USD 15.3 billion in 2015 and is anticipated to reach USD 31.0 billion by 2022. Biosensors are identified as analytical equipment that change a biological reaction into electrical indicator and help in measuring an extensive range of analytic comprising gasses, bacteria, organic compounds and others. It includes the biological component that works as a sensor & an electrical constituent and utilized to distinguish and pass on the signal. Glucose biosensors are usually utilized to sense concentration of sugar/glucose in patients. Bio-constituents such as proteins comprising nucleic acids, enzymes, and others are utilized as biosensors in lieu to examine the concentration of glucose in a patient.
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Some key factors accredited to the expansion of this market comprises the growing occurrence of diabetes around the globe, the growth of the technically advanced product, increasing the requirement for non-invasive products and minimally sized products, increasing patient consciousness levels, and the requirement for early diabetes recognition. However, the existence of other options for supervision of diabetes, for instance, laboratory process is expected to confine market expansion over the forecast period. Rising occurrence of diabetes worldwide is the main factor contributing towards the expansion of this industry. Glucose monitoring of blood is utilized as an essential instrument in diabetes management.
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As upholding of normal blood glucose levels is significantly important for the patients going through diabetes, a progression of appropriate glucose biosensor has been made to congregate the demands of the patients afflicted with this extremely rampant disorder. Moreover, the increasing requirement for self-monitoring equipment has amplified the utilization of biosensors particularly in handy forms. These sensors are currently available as miniature and minimally invasive equipment that calculate glucose levels in a patient. Scrutinization of glucose level in blood at regular period is very important key factor demanded disease management. Due to this fact, a number of technical advancements are being conceded out in the production of sensors. Moreover, production of dependable and precise glucose biosensors is expected to pose the challenge for market players.
The initiation of technical advancements is likely to play an essential role in enhancing usage rates. This is obvious from the improvement of non-invasive and minimal glucose biosensor in this industry. Glucose biosensors industry is expected to observe soaring growth owing to escalating diabetic patient population worldwide. Thus, escalating occurrence of diabetes will augment the requirement for glucose biosensor and hence propels the industry growth. In totaling, growing requirement for point of care diagnostics and home care diagnostics, and increase in utilization of glucose biosensor in nonmedical functionality will further encourage the industry of glucose biosensor. Moreover, soaring cost for the cure by biosensor is expected to restrain the industry growth of glucose biosensors over the forecast period.
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On the basis of types, there are typically two types of glucose biosensors purposely amperometric biosensors and fluorescence glucose. Among these two kinds, amperometric glucose biosensor is extensively accessible commercially. Amperometric biosensor operates by the way of glucose oxidase. Amperometric biosensor oxidizes glucose directing to the creation of hydrogen peroxide, which is noticed by the electrode and the level of glucose is examined. Moreover, by the improvement in fluorescent glucose biosensor, it is likely to capture the huge market share over the forecast period. This biosensor works on fluorescence process that calculates the level of blood glucose with additional precision.
The operational life of probe of this biosensors is of better quality in comparison to amperometric biosensors which is expected to fuel the market for this segment biosensors. On the basis of end-use, the market can be segregated into home care diagnostics, hospitals, and others. The home care diagnostics is expected to grow rapidly over the forecast period owing to increasing demand coupled with latest innovation & advancement that are been inculcated into these devices to make it more précised and accurate. Hospital sector is expected to capture maximum share over the forecast period. On the basis of a geographical region, the market can be segregated into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Rest of World. North America is expected to capture maximum revenue over the forecast period owing to increasing cases of diabetes in North America coupled with technological advancement that is happening in this area. Europe is expected to capture second largest revenue over the forecast period. Asia Pacific is expected to grow rapidly over the forecast period owing to increasing aging population coupled with increasing consumer awareness about these devices.
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scriptmedic · 6 years
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Ok! Third time is the charm! For my Wrimo. Is there an scenario where it would be bad to apply CPR? Like a rib fracture or a spinal injury? Or the protocol is "try it unless you can't?" Thank you so much!
Hey there nonny! Tumblr loves to eat asks. Some of the repeat are ones I recognize and just didn’t get to. This one I haven’t seen before. So thank you for your persistence! 
CPR has a few contraindications, but none of the ones you’re thinking of. The medical ethics answer to “should we do CPR if it will make his spinal fractures worse?” are that decisions are made in order to preserve life over limb; that is, we’re okay doing some harm (minimized as best as possible) in an effort to save a life. 
That said, there are reasons not to start CPR, and these can include: 
Patient’s wishes (expressed in a DNR or other legal document, NOT a living will) 
Obvious death (e.g. decapitation, rigor mortis, dependent lividity*, etc.) 
Futility (7th or 8th cardiac arrest in a row) 
But there’s one one true “medical” contraindication, that I know of, and it’s controversial: a device called an LVAD (a Left Ventricular Assist Device). It’s basically a pump that’s installed inside a failing ventricle that provides continuous flow. And that’s actually the reason not to start CPR -- LVAD patients may not have a pulse, even when they’re walking around and doing the crossword puzzle. So an unconscious LVAD patient may or may not be in cardiac arrest -- and doing CPR may or may not dislodge the device and/or perforate the ventricle. 
Of course, if the arrest is confirmed (such as the LVAD completely failing), it may be appropriate to go like gangbusters. 
Your character would have to have a significant history of heart failure and is likely on a transplant waiting list in order to have an LVAD put in, though, and may have other Complex Medical Stuff(TM) going on. 
So in essence: unless someone is dead (or definitively doesn’t want to be resuscitated), CPR is a go. 
Hope this helped and good luck! 
xoxo, Aunt Scripty
[disclaimer] 
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shweta2707 · 4 years
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Cervical Total Disc Replacement Devices Market Global Overview 2020 | Forecast till 2027
Summary:
The global cervical total disc replacement device market is estimated to be valued at US$ 1,105.1 million in 2019 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 21.7% during the forecast period (2019-2027).
Figure 1. Global Cervical Total Disc Replacement Devices Market Share (%), by Material, 2019 and 2027
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Market Drivers
Major factors driving growth of the global Cervical Total Disc Replacement Devices Market are the increasing prevalence of degenerative disc disorders and the growing geriatric population across the globe.
According to data presented by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons in 2017, cervical radiculopathy (radiating pain from cervical disc degeneration), in which a compressed nerve initiates pain, numbness, or weakness in the neck and surrounding areas, had an annual incidence of 107 in 100,000 for men and 64 in 100,000 for women in the U.S.
Frequent product approvals is another major factor contributing to the market growth. For instance, in March 2019, AxioMed LLC, received CE mark approval for its Cervical Freedom Total Disc Replacement. Moreover, in July 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Medtronic’s Prestige LP cervical disc for treatment of cervical disc degeneration/disease causing nerve or spinal cord compression at two adjacent levels between the C3-C7 segments of the neck.
Market Restraints
High cost associated with cervical total disc replacement which includes artificial disc replacement surgeries and spinal fusion surgeries is expected to hamper the cervical total disc replacement device market growth in the near future. For instance, the average cost of specific disc replacement surgery procedure ranges between US$ 16,000 to US$ 46,000 in different states of the U.S.
Moreover, alternative therapies such as physiotherapy and special exercises are also used for treatment of cervical disc degenerative disease, which is expected to hamper growth of the cervical total disc replacement device market during the forecast period. 
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Market Regional Analysis
Regional segmentation of the global cervical total disc replacement devices market includes North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa.
Among the regions, the North America cervical total disc replacement devices market is expected to show significant growth during the forecast period, owing to the increasing number of product launches by key players. For instance, in March 2019, Atlas Spine Inc. announced the product launch of its HiJak AC expandable cervical interbody fusion device. Moreover, the increasing healthcare expenditure is expected to boost growth of the global cervical total disc replacement device market in this region during the forecast period. For instance, according to the National Health Expenditure report, people in the U.S. spent over US$ 1 trillion on healthcare in 2018.
Research and development of cervical total disc replacement technology is expected to offer lucrative growth opportunities to market players in Europe. For instance, in September 2019, researchers from the Institute for Biomechanics, Switzerland reported development of a method for controlled epigallocatechin 3-gallate delivery in the degeneration of the intervertebral disc. The approach is expected to restore the homeostasis of the degeneration of the intervertebral disc. Moreover, availability of CE marked products such as Freedom Cervical Disc developed by AxioMed LLC. in the region is contributing to growth of the Europe cervical total disc replacement device market.
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Figure 2: Global Cervical Total Disc Replacement Devices Market Share (%), By Region
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Key players operating in the global Cervical Total Disc Replacement Devices Market are
Stryker Corporation, Medtronic Plc, Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc., Globus Medical, Inc., FH Orthopedics, Orthofix Medical Inc., NuVasive Inc., and Centinel Spine, Inc.
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dentalinfotoday · 4 years
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We don’t mean the emotion, though you just might be feeling it if you or your loved ones have been losing sleep because of snoring or obstructive sleep apnea. MAD is the abbreviation for Mandibular Advancement Device, and it’s a type of oral appliance that could help you and your family experience restful sleep again.
MADs work by keeping your mandible (jawbone) and tongue in a forward position to prevent airway restriction, which can cause snoring and the cessation of your breathing while you sleep. There are different types of MADs, but to ensure the most comfortable fit made of durable materials, we recommend scheduling a visit to Michael Colleran, DDS!
Find What Works for You
Oral Appliance Therapy (OAT) has been found to help many sleep apnea sufferers that would like an alternative to CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machines. Your San Luis Obispo dentist can evaluate your case and help you determine whether it’s an option you should consider.
Either way, it’s critical that you don’t ignore chronic snoring; if it’s due to sleep apnea, you’re three times more likely to develop diabetes or have a stroke, and 23 times more likely to have a heart attack. You deserve solutions that help you sleep better, so contact us today!
The content of this blog is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of qualified health providers with questions you may have regarding medical conditions.
SloTown Smiles 1250 Peach Street, Suite E San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 805.250.0324 https://goo.gl/maps/x7QFVe2tPF32
The post Do You Snore or Have Sleep Apnea? Get MAD! appeared first on Michael Colleran, DDS.
from Michael Colleran, DDS https://slotownsmiles.com/blog/do-you-snore-or-have-sleep-apnea-get-mad/
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saleggdbshoes-blog · 5 years
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Golden Goose Sneakers Outlet Business Copywriter charm The privilege Oneor if Not!
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Electrophysiology Devices Market: Segmentation Application, Technology & Market Analysis Report 2018-2026
Electrophysiology involves the study of electrical activity of heart to diagnose and monitor any arrhythmia. Depending on the results of electrophysiology studies, the course of treatment such as medication, implantable medical devices, cardiac ablation, and surgery can be decided. Electrical signals have a specific travel pattern in the heart, which changes and becomes irregular due to disorders and conditions such as heart attacks, aging, and blood pressure. In such cases, electrophysiology techniques are utilized to diagnose, monitor, and select suitable course of treatment mentioned above. Indications for electrophysiology include bradycardia, tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and other arrhythmias.
Generally, catheters are used for electrophysiology studies and for cardiac ablation procedures. Catheters can be used for visualization of intracardiac electrograms, measurement of electrograms, cardiac pacing, navigational mapping, and others. The electrophysiology devices market is highly competitive in nature, as leading manufactures such as Boston Scientific Corporation and Abbott Laboratories have technologically advanced and wide product portfolios.
The Electrophysiology Devices Market is mainly driven by technological innovation. Manufacturers have adopted strategies such as mergers and acquisitions, intensive research and development, and continuous product launches to effectively compete in the market. Commercially available electrophysiology products include Rhythmia HDx, Confirm Rx, Advisor FL, EnSite Precision, WorkMate Claris Recording System, and SJM Confirm Implantable Cardiac Monitor.
Electrophysiology Devices Market Drivers
Increasing global prevalence of cardiovascular system diseases and associated comorbidities is expected to have a positive impact on the growth of the market. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 17 million people die annually from cardiovascular diseases. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2017, 2.7 to 6.1 million people in the U.S. were suffering from atrial fibrillation, which is the most common type of heart arrhythmia.
Increasing incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is expected to foster growth of the electrophysiology devices market over the forecast period. Early diagnosis has become paramount in order to decide on the optimal treatment plan and to improve medical outcome, and faster diagnosis can significantly improve the medical outcomes.
Leading manufacturers in the market are indulged in technological advancement of the electrophysiology devices, which is expected to boost the electrophysiology devices market. For instance, manufacturers have invented wearable and implantable devices with smartphone connectivity such as wearable holter monitors and implantable cardiac monitors. In 2017, St. Jude Medical received CE mark for the Confirm Rx, the world’s first smartphone compatible implantable cardiac monitor and Boston Scientific launched Rhythmia HDx.
Competitive Landscape
Key players operating in the electrophysiology devices market include Siemens AG, Boston Scientific Corporation, Abbott Laboratories, GE Healthcare, Biotronik SE & Co.KG, Biosense Webster, Inc., Philips Healthcare, and MicroPort Scientific Corporation.
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Electrophysiology Devices Market Insights
On the basis of region, North America and Europe are expected to show significant growth in the electrophysiology devices market over the forecast period. North America has the presence of leading manufacturers who are indulged in research and development of these devices. Manufacturers such as Boston Scientific Corporation (U.S.) and St. Jude Medical offer innovative products in the electrophysiology market. North America market is expected to witness significant growth, owing to inorganic growth strategies adopted by manufacturers such as acquisitions. For instance, in 2017, Boston Scientific Corporation announced acquisition of Apama Medical to strengthen electrophysiology portfolio. Asia Pacific region is expected to show significant growth, owing to high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and increasing availability of advanced electrophysiology devices in the region.
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jirisjhon-blog · 6 years
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Chemical Indicator
What is the chemical indicator and bowie dick test pack  Chemical indicator are either physical or chemical devices used to monitor one or more of the process parameters of the sterilization cycle. Currently they are divided into 6 classifications. They are as follows:  Class 1: Process indicators are intended for use with individual items, e.g., containers, to indicate that the unit has been directly exposed to the sterilization process and to distinguish between processed and no processed items. Indicator tapes, indicator labels and load cards are examples of externally visible chemical indicators that are on the outside on the packages.
Class 2: Indicators are intended for use in specific test procedures as defined in relevant sterilizer/ sterilization control standards. . Bowie-Dicks are one type of specific testing most are familiar with. These are used to show the efficacy of air removal and steam penetration.  Class 3: A single variable indicator that is designed to solely show the exposure to one Sterilization control products process at a stated value (SV) of the chosen variable. One example of a single variable is a temperature tube that houses a chemical pellet which melts at a specific temperature.  Class 4: These are considered as multiple variable indicators. They are designed to react with two or more of the critical variables and are intended to indicate exposure to a sterilization cycle at SVs of the chosen variable. Examples of these class 4 would be the paper strips with a color change chemical indicator. These are usually used inside each package.  Class 5: Integrating indicators are designed to react with all critical variables. These can be used as internal chemical indicators in all packs and containers for pack control monitoring. They can also be used as an additional monitoring tool in order to be able to release loads that do not contain implants based on the appropriate Process Challenge Device. These indicators can also be used in implant loads IF a Biological Indicator is run with the class 5 integrator. The load can NOT be released until the BI result is known except in emergencies.  Class 6: These are called emulating Indicators which are cycle verification indicators which are designed to react to all critical variables for specified sterilization cycles. In other words they are considered to be indicative of a complete cycle by showing the presence or absence of specific time and temperature parameters during a cycle. They are currently only available in the US for steam sterilization. Chemical indicator are convenient, are inexpensive, and indicate that the item has been exposed to the sterilization process. In one study, chemical indicators were more likely than biological indicators to inaccurately indicate sterilization at marginal sterilization times (e.g., 2 minutes). Steam Chemical indicators should be used in conjunction with biological indicators, but based on current studies should not replace them because they indicate sterilization at marginal msterilization time and because only a biological indicator consisting of resistant spores can measure the microbial killing power of the sterilization process. Chemical indicators are affixed on the outside of each pack to show that the package has been processed through a sterilization cycle, but these indicators do not prove sterilization has been achieved. Preferably, a chemical indicator also should be placed on the inside of each pack to verify sterilant penetration. Chemical indicators usually are either heat-or chemical sensitive inks that change color when one or more sterilization parameters (e.g.,steam-ime, temperature, and/or saturated steam; ETO-time, temperature, relative humidity and/or ETO concentration) are present.  Chemical indicators have been grouped into five classes based on their ability to monitor one or multiple sterilization parameters. If the internal and/or external indicator suggests inadequate processing, the item should not be used An air-removal test (Bowie-Dick Test) must be performed daily in an empty dynamic-air-removal sterilizer (e.g., prevacuum steam sterilizer) to ensure air removal. The definitions listed above were taken from the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11140-1:2005 definitions. Definitions:  Chemical indicator evice for monitoring a sterilization process. The device is designed to respond with a characteristic chemical or physical change to one or more of the physical conditions within the sterilizing chamber. Chemical indicators are intended to detect potential sterilization failures that could result from incorrect packaging, incorrect loading of the sterilizer, or malfunctions of the sterilizer. The “pass” response of a chemical indicator does not prove the item accompanied by the indicator is necessarily sterile. The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation has defined five classes of chemical indicators: Class 1 (process indicator); Class 2 (Bowie dick test pack indicator); Class 3 (single-parameter indicator); Class 4 (multi-parameter indicator); and Class 5 (integrating indicator).
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healthcarebiz · 7 years
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Initial Pre-Emergency Use Authorization Submission Made to U.S. FDA for Use of ReCell® in a Mass Casualty Scenario
NEW YORK, May 10, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Avita Medical Limited (ASX:AVH; OTCQX:AVMXY), a regenerative medicine company focused on the treatment of wounds and skin defects, has received notification of the initial FDA review of the Pre-EUA (Emergency Use Authorization) submission to allow the emergency deployment of its ReCell® device for a mass casualty event involving burn injuries.
The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) filed the Pre-EUA submission, and the review is conducted at this pre-approval stage because, during exigent circumstances, the time available for the submission and review of an EUA request may be severely limited. For the contract with BARDA, this brings the Company closer to establishing a national strategic stockpile of vendor-managed inventory of ReCell® autologous cell harvesting devices, which once approved, will allow physicians to rapidly deliver a suspension of skin cells to various wounds, including burns. Under Avita's USD61.9m contract with BARDA, the initial order has a value of approximately USD8m, and BARDA could opt to purchase in advance of FDA market approval, which the Company is also pursuing.
BARDA informed Avita that the pre-EUA submission has been reviewed by the FDA and that the agency has no 'additional comments or questions at this time.' BARDA said that a pre-EUA submission is not an indication of the FDA's views on the product's potential to be used under an EUA, nor that the sponsor has obtained or submitted all the information necessary for FDA to review a formal request for consideration of an EUA. BARDA explained that a pre-EUA submission is a mechanism to initiate early discussions with the FDA prior to an emergency only, and does not provide an independent legal basis for distributing or dispensing unapproved products or approved products for unapproved uses.
Avita will continue to update the required documentation to the FDA via communications with BARDA on an ongoing basis regarding any new information relevant to the ReCell® device and its potential emergency use.
"Important boxes have been ticked, and it is very positive that the information supplied to date has satisfied FDA's initial review," said Avita CEO Adam Kelliher.  "My team will keep supporting BARDA so that we can fulfill our contractual goal of delivering a significant number of ReCell® devices for use in the event of a U.S. emergency."
This represents another milestone for Avita Medical's support of BARDA under the terms of their contract. EUA is a provision whereby the FDA may authorize use of an investigational device when there are no adequate, approved, and available alternatives only after the Health and Human services (HHS) Secretary has made a declaration of emergency or threat justifying authorization of emergency use. The pre-EUA documentation submitted in advance of a mass casualty event allows FDA to be in position to rapidly authorize the use of the product in the event of a disaster. BARDA operates under the Department of Health and Human Services, and is charged with ensuring the US population is prepared should there be a mass casualty event caused by chemical, biological or nuclear action.
Avita says its program to get a U.S. Pre-Market Approval (PMA) from the FDA is on track, with all data collected from its pivotal clinical trial involving seven leading U.S. burns centers. The Company says it expects to submit its PMA application in mid-2017, with an anticipated FDA decision mid-2018. The FDA has approved ReCell® for cases of Compassionate Use, where it is needed for life-saving events, and has granted Continued Access to the device for those medical professionals who participated in the clinical trial.
ABOUT RECELL® AND RES™
ReCell® is Avita Medical's unique proprietary technology that enables a clinician to rapidly create, at point of care in approximately 30 minutes, Regenerative Epithelial Suspension (RES™) using a small sample of the patient's skin. RES™ is an autologous suspension comprising the cells necessary to regenerate natural, healthy skin. RES™ has a broad range of applications and can be used to restart healing in unresponsive wounds, to repair burns using less donor skin, yet with improved functional and aesthetic outcomes, and to restore pigmentation and improve cosmesis of damaged skin.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This letter includes forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of words such as "anticipate," "expect," "intend," "could," "may," "will," " believe," "estimate," "look forward," "forecast," "goal," "target," "project," "continue," "outlook," "guidance," "future," other words of similar meaning and the use of future dates. Forward-looking statements  in  this  letter include, but are not limited to, statements concerning, among other things, our ongoing clinical trials and product development activities, regulatory approval of our products, the potential for future growth in our business, and our ability to achieve our key strategic, operational and financial goal. Forward-looking statements by their nature address matters that are, to different degrees, uncertain. Each forward-looking statement contained in this letter is subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statement. Applicable risks and uncertainties include, among others, the timing of regulatory approvals of our products; physician acceptance, endorsement, and use of our products; failure to achieve the anticipated benefits from approval of our products; the effect of regulatory actions; product liability claims; risks associated with international operations and expansion; and other business effects, including the effects of industry, economic or political conditions outside of the company's control. For personal use only Investors should not place considerable reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this letter. Investors are encouraged to read our publicly available filings for a discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements in this letter speak only as of the date of this release, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of these statements.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
Avita Medical Ltd Adam Kelliher Chief Executive Officer Phone: +44 020 8947 9804 [email protected]
Avita Medical Ltd Tim Rooney Chief Financial Officer Phone: + 1 (661) 367-9170 [email protected]
Australia Monsoon Communications Sarah Kemter Phone: +61 (0)3 9620 3333 Mobile: +61 (0)407 162 530 [email protected]
USA  Westwicke Partners Jamar Ismail Phone +1 (415) 513-1282 [email protected]
  To view the original version on PR Newswire, visit:http://ift.tt/2pj8Azq
Read this news on PR Newswire Asia website: Initial Pre-Emergency Use Authorization Submission Made to U.S. FDA for Use of ReCell® in a Mass Casualty Scenario
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alexfbaum-blog · 7 years
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Final Rough Draft - Homosexual Relationships; Stigma to Acceptance Represented in Films
Homosexual relationships have progressed over time; I believe for the better. On the other hand, as outsiders to this issue such as those that engage in solely heterosexual relationships, it is difficult to find relations between the struggles that homosexual men have endured. Of course, location and time period is a huge component in the determination of the evolution of change. I will evaluate three movies that display the struggles that those included in the homosexual community specifically have gone through, and how it lead to change. All of the following movies are very different in plot, actors, characters, and time periods. There are specific reasons as to why I chose the movies I did, and it will be described in relation to the plot of the stories and choice in actors below.
The first movie I have chosen to evaluate is I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry, a comedy starring Adam Sandler and Kevin James because it provides a comical twist on a serious and debatable topic to society. Larry who is a widower struggling to get back on his feet after his wife’s death comes up with the idea that if he married his best friend, all the marital benefits would apply to help him and his two children. Chuck, who works with Larry as a firefighter in New York, is a womanizer who changed his ways to the world to help his best friend. Throughout this journey, the audience views the various encounters that they experience regarding harassment from society for being ‘gay’ and go on to bash the homosexuals and transsexuals that they were surrounded with. They both get a lawyer named Alex McDonough, played by Jessica Biel, to help them fight their case to prove to their community that they are truly in love. Coincidentally, Alex went into that line of work specifically because her brother is gay (actually a homosexual, not pretending to be one). Alex invites her two clients, Chuck and Larry, to a gay benefit costume party that her brother was attending, where they are all faced with cruelty from homophobic protesters. The two friends soon realize how much society still frowns upon those in the LGBTQ community even at their place of work, where everyone made fun of them for being homosexual. Eventually, Chuck’s past women came out confessing he was not who he claimed he was got him caught and eventually arrested with Larry along with the rest of the firefighters after they defended their honor to Chuck and Larry. With these current issues in mind, they were soon released after negotiating a deal with the judge. Their deal entailed providing photos for a firefighter’s calendar specifically geared towards benefiting the AIDS research benefit. Although there were many critics of this film, it was released for the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD), which claims the movie showed stereotypes, equality, and the importance of respect.
          A debate that is sometimes brought up when it comes to the idea of gay marriage is because two people are being married for the benefits that marriage has to offer, and they are not getting married because they love one another. At the same time, this can be applied to heterosexual couples as well, but people like to make the main focus on the minorities. Jeanette Roan goes into detail about the topic of ‘fake weddings’ by stating that this movie “effectively highlights what more conventional narratives of true love obscure: marriage is as much about race, gender, nation, sexuality, and family as it is about celebrating true love between two private individuals” (2014, p. 746). Of course, marriage fraud is possible in any aspect including marriages to immigrants to allow them to get access into the United States, or two people trying to milk the benefits that marriage offers. Just because these events sometimes appear, does not mean it should limit the decisions of two people that love each other to question if they should get married or not. What I find most interesting about the relation of I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry, is that they receive backlash from their decision to get married. Whether it was because they were in love or even if they weren’t, they still experienced a slice of the pain that those in the LGBTQ community need to face, and how it is unfair to treat someone differently because of their sexuality alone. Roan and I share the same belief when she explains, “I believe that anyone who wishes to access this narrative should be able to have it; the personal, cultural, legal, and political validation that marriage represents is deeply meaningful and significant for many couples, none more so than those who relationships have been unrecognized, stigmatized, or worse” (2014, p. 746). Unfortunately, Hollywood has not positively contributed to showing the world the realness behind the struggles that homosexual relationships face. Until recently, the expectation was that two people, a male and a female, fell in love, got married, then lived happily ever after. Although Hollywood has made some advances over the past two decades or so, it isn’t enough to change some viewpoints of the audience who are homophobic. I found specifically interesting that in October 2010, the Pew Research Center conducted a research study that concluded approximately 42% of the surveyed individuals favored same-sex marriage while 48% were opposed (2014, p. 747). I was truly shocked when I read these statistics because I didn’t realize that less than one decade ago, the country was split into two. I believe that the location that the survey was conducted also contributed to the outcome of the study, but regardless; it is still equally as unsettling no matter where in the United States this study was done.
On the other hand, the film does go on to draw a boundary between friendship and romance, neglecting any type of body language that may show that they have interest in one another. “However, as a fake wedding film, it poses the question of why certain benefits are tied to marriage, and more significantly, it demonstrates that the bonds of friendship should be recognized as among the most significant of social affiliations, equivalent to the bond between a married couple. Thus, despite its contradictory and often offensive representations of homosexuality, the film ends up affirming the value of male friendship over heterosexual pairing” (2014, p. 748).
The second movie to be analyzed is the Dallas Buyers Club, a nonfiction biographical drama that takes place in the mid 1980s; a time when HIV and AIDS research were extremely under-researched. The main character name is Ron Woodroof is performed by Matthew McConaughey, a straight male that begins as a homophobic womanizer that transforms into an open and accepting individual that strives to help those included in the LGBTQ community. Keeping in mind that Matthew McConaughey is heterosexual in reality, there is a lot of significance that follows having a straight main character displaying the struggles and backlash of homophobia (Rizov, 2014). In the movie, Woodroof contracts AIDS from a woman who was an intravenous drug user. Although he wasn’t gay, he experienced the repercussions that a homosexual man would be faced with since AIDS was seen as a ‘gay’ disease due to lack of education and harsh stigmatization. He also was in denial about his diagnoses and refused to accept it. Woodroof ended up getting fired from his job, eviced from his home, and rejected by his family and friends because they assumed he was gay due to his disease. As AIDS treatment began becoming available (not so much accessible), Woodroof was given the opportunity to be a part of a research study to show how these drugs worked. He begged the doctor in charge, Dr. Eve Saks, to be a part of the experimental group instead of the placebo. His health continued to worsen with the use of the drug, AZT, but he still had some hope. He met a transgendered woman named Rayon, who’s relationship with one another began aggressive and slowly progressed into a caring relationship with one another. Once he realized that AZT is prolonging his life and decreasing the intensity of his symptoms, Woodroof decides to team up with Rayon to smuggle these drugs into Texas to treat his own symptoms. He eventually goes on to distribute them to other people that has AIDS, resulting in the Dallas Buyers Club. The clients he has gained through this process lead him to be more sympathetic to those in the LGBTQ community, especially when his new best friend Rayon passed away while he was attempting to acquire more of the beneficial drug. Woodruff goes on to seek justice and goes against the FDA for not allowing the drug to be able to be distributed when it is confirmed to be non-toxic. He ends up winning the case, but the disease still took over and killed Woodroof. Although, the drug prolonged his life from the estimated 30 days to 7 years, and his efforts payed off to the rest of the community (Gant, 2014).
Asher Mullard (2014) goes into detail about the subject of the experimental drug when he states “The film underplays the side-effects of Woodroof’s experimental offerings, and neglects to mention that clinical trials eventually showed that many of the drugs he pushed were ineffective as treatments for HIV/AIDS. The film also comes down hard on the medical establishment and the FDA for accepting zidovudine, suggesting that its side-effects outweighed its benefits. Only at the very end does it acknowledge that zidovudine became a key component in the early antiretroviral cocktails that have turned HIV/AIDS from a death sentence into a chronic disease.”
The third movie I chose is Brokeback Mountain, a romantic drama that is set back to the 1960s through the 1980s. Both of the main characters, Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal, are/were heterosexual in real life, but play homosexual men that are hiding their intimate relationship from the lives that they portray to the rest of society. The audience follows these two men as their normal, daily lives and secret lives are presented. Ennis Del Mar (Heath Ledger) and Jack Twist (Jake Gyllenhaal) are both hired by a man named Joe Aguirre, whom lives in Wyoming, to herd his sheep for him throughout the summer. They had a night where they both had too much to drink, and Jack subtly attempts to show interest in Ennis. Ennis began hesitant, but eventually decided to become intimate with Jack. Ennis was resistant to the incident happening again, but it didn’t stop them from forming a sexual and emotional relationship with one another. When they are informed by Joe that their summer was being cut short, they got into a fist-fight ending with Ennis and Jack bloody. After this summer, Ennis marries a woman named Alma Beers and has two children with her, and Jack met, married, and had a son with a woman named Lureen Newsome. Jack attempted to get his job back in Wyoming, but Joe witnessed him and Ennis on the mountain, leading to Joe refusing to rehire him due to the circumstances. Jack and Ennis end up rekindling their relationship with one another. So, they decided to take fishing trips where they would be able to see one another without suspicion. At this time is when Ennis expresses a childhood memory that has left him traumatized. The memory included the torturing and murdering two men suspected of homosexual behavior. Both of their marriages ended in divorce, but Jack found interest in male prostitutes and went on to having an affair with another married man while Ennis began a relationship with a female. They attempt to rekindle their relationship once more, but it ends up in an argument. Unfortunately, Ennis finds out that Jack passed away in an accident. His final wishes were that he wanted his ashes to be scattered on Brokeback Mountain.
Felipe Leandro de Jesus analyzed a study that focused on the representation of gender roles and queer sexuality in the film Brokeback Mountain (2016, p. 33). Six scenes specifically are used for analysis. 1-depiction of Ennis and Jack’s first conversation after they had sexual intercourse for the first time; 2-a conversation between Jack Twist and Mr. Aguirre where Jack learns someone else besides Ennis knows about the sexual encounter; 3-depiction of Ennis and Jack’s first kiss after years of not seeing one another, witnessed by Ennis’ wife, Alma; 4-a conversation between Jack and Ennis where they discuss advancing their relationship together; 5-the confrontation between Ennis and Alma after their divorce; 6-the last conversation held between Jack and Ennis. Going against what was depicted in I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry, Brokeback Mountain critics point out how body language is used in the movie’s advantage instead of neglecting it. It has been noted that Jack displayed a more feminine approach by being open about his feelings, outwardly flirting with other men, and does not do what a man ‘should’ be doing during this time period while Ennis takes charge of a more masculinized role, keeping his feelings in and uses violence as his way of expression. The reason why I included these six scenes that were being examined is because it provides examples from the summary I have given above that show why Jack was seen as more feminine and why Ennis was viewed as masculine. Specifically, in the first scene that was analyzed, Jack displays feminine mannerisms because he acts on his feelings for Ennis first and deeply expresses how he is feeling while Ennis is kept more reserved. Jesus concludes his analysis explaining that “Brokeback Mountain is known for being the first blockbuster in film history in which the story revolved around a homoaffective couple and their relationship… The film holds great importance for being a discussion opener for the LGBT cause in many places (such as discussions on gay rights) and for placing LGBT issues on top of the news at the time of its release. However, it is not devoid of some prejudice and stereotypical representations in relation to the ways the characters are conceived in terms of masculinity and femininity, according to their sexual roles in the relationship and either penetrator or penetrated” (2016, p. 51). I wonder if these roles were given a feminine versus masculine feature to show the stigma associated with ‘the man vs who’s the woman’ in a homosexual relationship, or simply because the producers believe that is how homosexual relationships normally are.
Dallas Buyers Club and Brokeback Mountain represent the darker sides to homosexual stigma that relates to the comedy, I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry in the sense of heterosexuals being rejected and ridiculed because of society’s beliefs about the main characters. I wanted to include the most drastically different movies that shared the same foundation, to show that there is more than one way that media can portray a statement. The most ironic common ground that is shared between these movies is that they all begin somewhat homophobic until the main characters’ experience what those included in the LGBTQ community experience on a daily basis to this day. Rizov explains, “Dallas Buyers Club can be slotted alongside 2005’s Brokeback Mountain and 2008’s Milk, two of the relatively few films with marquee-value straight actors enacting gay men. It’s reasonable to complain that Dallas takes a story about a straight man’s experience and places it at the centre of a larger Aids narrative in which homophobia, social ostracism et al are primarily his problem” (2014). It represents the extent of someone’s views can shift once they begin to understand the reality of it all versus basing their beliefs on prior ‘knowledge’ about the subject. It is rare when a situation is brought to the table when heterosexual men experience the negativity that homosexual men have faced for years, yet it is also revolutionary in broadening the world’s perceptions. It demonstrates that even those that are not directly a part of the LGBTQ community can still make a difference and a broad statement to others that may not know otherwise. It is difficult for someone to judge what someone is going through until they get a taste of it for themselves.
Side note: I want to finish the introduction and do the conclusion once I complete the rest of the paper to be able to summarize it in both sections. I was wondering if I should go into detail about the recent political advances that have been done for the LGBTQ community, and where it would be most beneficial to get my point across that although homosexuality has been around for decades, it has become more prevalent now than ever. I plan to innervate the reading materials from some weeks into the scholarly resources by finding differences and similarities to base my reaction and argument off of, but it would be most helpful to do it once all of the main information is filled in more if needed. I also would like to know if I should incorporate more relation between the three movies to help distinguish the point I am attempting to make that movies do not always show the realistic aspects of what people in the LGBTQ community go through, but there are some efforts that have been made to pursue a more realistic representation.
Resources: (Including those I plan to use, if not used already):
**Resources that are bolded are peer-reviewed**
Babuscio, Jack. (2004). “Camp and the Gay Sensibility” in Queer cinema: The film reader, pp. 121-136
Benshoff, Henry. M., & Griffin, Sean. (2006). Queer images: A history of gay and lesbian film in
America, Chapter 12, pp. 267-289
Gant, C. (2014). Dallas Buyers Club. Sight And Sound, 24(2), 14-15.
Gross, Larry. (2001). Up from Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Media in America, Chapter 2, pp. 21-109.
Jesus, F. L. D., Figueiredo, D. D. C., & Nascimento, F. S. (2016). Screening the unspeakable: The representation of gender/sex roles and same-sex love in Brokeback Mountain. International Journal of Language Studies, 10(2), 33-56.
Mullard, A. (2014). Underground drug networks in the early days of AIDS. The Lancet, 383(9917), 592. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60208-7.
Norton, S. (2009). What’s Sex Got to Do With It? Cinematic Critique on the Arguments Against Same-Sex Marriage. Hastings Communications & Entertainment Law Journal (Comm/Ent), 31(2), 321-338.
Pedersen, Lyn. (1954) “The Importance of Being Different.”
Rizov, V. (2014). Dallas Buyers Club. Sight & Sound, 24(2), 66-67.
Roan, J. (2014). Fake Weddings and the Critique of Marriage: The Wedding Banquet(1993),I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry(2007), and the Marriage Equality Debate. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 31(8), 746-763. doi:10.1080/10509208.2012.757530.
Roughton, R. (2014). The Significance of Brokeback Mountain. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 18(1), 83-94. doi:10.1080/19359705.2013.792128
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abaum1994 · 7 years
Text
Final Rough Draft - Homosexual Relationships; Stigma to Acceptance Represented in Films
Homosexual relationships have progressed over time; I believe for the better. On the other hand, as outsiders to this issue such as those that engage in solely heterosexual relationships, it is difficult to find relations between the struggles that homosexual men have endured. Of course, location and time period is a huge component in the determination of the evolution of change. I will evaluate three movies that display the struggles that those included in the homosexual community specifically have gone through, and how it lead to change. All of the following movies are very different in plot, actors, characters, and time periods. There are specific reasons as to why I chose the movies I did, and it will be described in relation to the plot of the stories and choice in actors below.
The first movie I have chosen to evaluate is I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry, a comedy starring Adam Sandler and Kevin James because it provides a comical twist on a serious and debatable topic to society. Larry who is a widower struggling to get back on his feet after his wife’s death comes up with the idea that if he married his best friend, all the marital benefits would apply to help him and his two children. Chuck, who works with Larry as a firefighter in New York, is a womanizer who changed his ways to the world to help his best friend. Throughout this journey, the audience views the various encounters that they experience regarding harassment from society for being ‘gay’ and go on to bash the homosexuals and transsexuals that they were surrounded with. They both get a lawyer named Alex McDonough, played by Jessica Biel, to help them fight their case to prove to their community that they are truly in love. Coincidentally, Alex went into that line of work specifically because her brother is gay (actually a homosexual, not pretending to be one). Alex invites her two clients, Chuck and Larry, to a gay benefit costume party that her brother was attending, where they are all faced with cruelty from homophobic protesters. The two friends soon realize how much society still frowns upon those in the LGBTQ community even at their place of work, where everyone made fun of them for being homosexual. Eventually, Chuck’s past women came out confessing he was not who he claimed he was got him caught and eventually arrested with Larry along with the rest of the firefighters after they defended their honor to Chuck and Larry. With these current issues in mind, they were soon released after negotiating a deal with the judge. Their deal entailed providing photos for a firefighter’s calendar specifically geared towards benefiting the AIDS research benefit. Although there were many critics of this film, it was released for the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD), which claims the movie showed stereotypes, equality, and the importance of respect.
           A debate that is sometimes brought up when it comes to the idea of gay marriage is because two people are being married for the benefits that marriage has to offer, and they are not getting married because they love one another. At the same time, this can be applied to heterosexual couples as well, but people like to make the main focus on the minorities. Jeanette Roan goes into detail about the topic of ‘fake weddings’ by stating that this movie “effectively highlights what more conventional narratives of true love obscure: marriage is as much about race, gender, nation, sexuality, and family as it is about celebrating true love between two private individuals” (2014, p. 746). Of course, marriage fraud is possible in any aspect including marriages to immigrants to allow them to get access into the United States, or two people trying to milk the benefits that marriage offers. Just because these events sometimes appear, does not mean it should limit the decisions of two people that love each other to question if they should get married or not. What I find most interesting about the relation of I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry, is that they receive backlash from their decision to get married. Whether it was because they were in love or even if they weren’t, they still experienced a slice of the pain that those in the LGBTQ community need to face, and how it is unfair to treat someone differently because of their sexuality alone. Roan and I share the same belief when she explains, “I believe that anyone who wishes to access this narrative should be able to have it; the personal, cultural, legal, and political validation that marriage represents is deeply meaningful and significant for many couples, none more so than those who relationships have been unrecognized, stigmatized, or worse” (2014, p. 746). Unfortunately, Hollywood has not positively contributed to showing the world the realness behind the struggles that homosexual relationships face. Until recently, the expectation was that two people, a male and a female, fell in love, got married, then lived happily ever after. Although Hollywood has made some advances over the past two decades or so, it isn’t enough to change some viewpoints of the audience who are homophobic. I found specifically interesting that in October 2010, the Pew Research Center conducted a research study that concluded approximately 42% of the surveyed individuals favored same-sex marriage while 48% were opposed (2014, p. 747). I was truly shocked when I read these statistics because I didn’t realize that less than one decade ago, the country was split into two. I believe that the location that the survey was conducted also contributed to the outcome of the study, but regardless; it is still equally as unsettling no matter where in the United States this study was done.
On the other hand, the film does go on to draw a boundary between friendship and romance, neglecting any type of body language that may show that they have interest in one another. “However, as a fake wedding film, it poses the question of why certain benefits are tied to marriage, and more significantly, it demonstrates that the bonds of friendship should be recognized as among the most significant of social affiliations, equivalent to the bond between a married couple. Thus, despite its contradictory and often offensive representations of homosexuality, the film ends up affirming the value of male friendship over heterosexual pairing” (2014, p. 748).
 The second movie to be analyzed is the Dallas Buyers Club, a nonfiction biographical drama that takes place in the mid 1980s; a time when HIV and AIDS research were extremely under-researched. The main character name is Ron Woodroof is performed by Matthew McConaughey, a straight male that begins as a homophobic womanizer that transforms into an open and accepting individual that strives to help those included in the LGBTQ community. Keeping in mind that Matthew McConaughey is heterosexual in reality, there is a lot of significance that follows having a straight main character displaying the struggles and backlash of homophobia (Rizov, 2014). In the movie, Woodroof contracts AIDS from a woman who was an intravenous drug user. Although he wasn’t gay, he experienced the repercussions that a homosexual man would be faced with since AIDS was seen as a ‘gay’ disease due to lack of education and harsh stigmatization. He also was in denial about his diagnoses and refused to accept it. Woodroof ended up getting fired from his job, eviced from his home, and rejected by his family and friends because they assumed he was gay due to his disease. As AIDS treatment began becoming available (not so much accessible), Woodroof was given the opportunity to be a part of a research study to show how these drugs worked. He begged the doctor in charge, Dr. Eve Saks, to be a part of the experimental group instead of the placebo. His health continued to worsen with the use of the drug, AZT, but he still had some hope. He met a transgendered woman named Rayon, who’s relationship with one another began aggressive and slowly progressed into a caring relationship with one another. Once he realized that AZT is prolonging his life and decreasing the intensity of his symptoms, Woodroof decides to team up with Rayon to smuggle these drugs into Texas to treat his own symptoms. He eventually goes on to distribute them to other people that has AIDS, resulting in the Dallas Buyers Club. The clients he has gained through this process lead him to be more sympathetic to those in the LGBTQ community, especially when his new best friend Rayon passed away while he was attempting to acquire more of the beneficial drug. Woodruff goes on to seek justice and goes against the FDA for not allowing the drug to be able to be distributed when it is confirmed to be non-toxic. He ends up winning the case, but the disease still took over and killed Woodroof. Although, the drug prolonged his life from the estimated 30 days to 7 years, and his efforts payed off to the rest of the community (Gant, 2014).
Asher Mullard (2014) goes into detail about the subject of the experimental drug when he states “The film underplays the side-effects of Woodroof's experimental offerings, and neglects to mention that clinical trials eventually showed that many of the drugs he pushed were ineffective as treatments for HIV/AIDS. The film also comes down hard on the medical establishment and the FDA for accepting zidovudine, suggesting that its side-effects outweighed its benefits. Only at the very end does it acknowledge that zidovudine became a key component in the early antiretroviral cocktails that have turned HIV/AIDS from a death sentence into a chronic disease.”
The third movie I chose is Brokeback Mountain, a romantic drama that is set back to the 1960s through the 1980s. Both of the main characters, Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal, are/were heterosexual in real life, but play homosexual men that are hiding their intimate relationship from the lives that they portray to the rest of society. The audience follows these two men as their normal, daily lives and secret lives are presented. Ennis Del Mar (Heath Ledger) and Jack Twist (Jake Gyllenhaal) are both hired by a man named Joe Aguirre, whom lives in Wyoming, to herd his sheep for him throughout the summer. They had a night where they both had too much to drink, and Jack subtly attempts to show interest in Ennis. Ennis began hesitant, but eventually decided to become intimate with Jack. Ennis was resistant to the incident happening again, but it didn’t stop them from forming a sexual and emotional relationship with one another. When they are informed by Joe that their summer was being cut short, they got into a fist-fight ending with Ennis and Jack bloody. After this summer, Ennis marries a woman named Alma Beers and has two children with her, and Jack met, married, and had a son with a woman named Lureen Newsome. Jack attempted to get his job back in Wyoming, but Joe witnessed him and Ennis on the mountain, leading to Joe refusing to rehire him due to the circumstances. Jack and Ennis end up rekindling their relationship with one another. So, they decided to take fishing trips where they would be able to see one another without suspicion. At this time is when Ennis expresses a childhood memory that has left him traumatized. The memory included the torturing and murdering two men suspected of homosexual behavior. Both of their marriages ended in divorce, but Jack found interest in male prostitutes and went on to having an affair with another married man while Ennis began a relationship with a female. They attempt to rekindle their relationship once more, but it ends up in an argument. Unfortunately, Ennis finds out that Jack passed away in an accident. His final wishes were that he wanted his ashes to be scattered on Brokeback Mountain.
Felipe Leandro de Jesus analyzed a study that focused on the representation of gender roles and queer sexuality in the film Brokeback Mountain (2016, p. 33). Six scenes specifically are used for analysis. 1-depiction of Ennis and Jack’s first conversation after they had sexual intercourse for the first time; 2-a conversation between Jack Twist and Mr. Aguirre where Jack learns someone else besides Ennis knows about the sexual encounter; 3-depiction of Ennis and Jack’s first kiss after years of not seeing one another, witnessed by Ennis’ wife, Alma; 4-a conversation between Jack and Ennis where they discuss advancing their relationship together; 5-the confrontation between Ennis and Alma after their divorce; 6-the last conversation held between Jack and Ennis. Going against what was depicted in I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry, Brokeback Mountain critics point out how body language is used in the movie’s advantage instead of neglecting it. It has been noted that Jack displayed a more feminine approach by being open about his feelings, outwardly flirting with other men, and does not do what a man ‘should’ be doing during this time period while Ennis takes charge of a more masculinized role, keeping his feelings in and uses violence as his way of expression. The reason why I included these six scenes that were being examined is because it provides examples from the summary I have given above that show why Jack was seen as more feminine and why Ennis was viewed as masculine. Specifically, in the first scene that was analyzed, Jack displays feminine mannerisms because he acts on his feelings for Ennis first and deeply expresses how he is feeling while Ennis is kept more reserved. Jesus concludes his analysis explaining that “Brokeback Mountain is known for being the first blockbuster in film history in which the story revolved around a homoaffective couple and their relationship… The film holds great importance for being a discussion opener for the LGBT cause in many places (such as discussions on gay rights) and for placing LGBT issues on top of the news at the time of its release. However, it is not devoid of some prejudice and stereotypical representations in relation to the ways the characters are conceived in terms of masculinity and femininity, according to their sexual roles in the relationship and either penetrator or penetrated” (2016, p. 51). I wonder if these roles were given a feminine versus masculine feature to show the stigma associated with ‘the man vs who’s the woman’ in a homosexual relationship, or simply because the producers believe that is how homosexual relationships normally are.
Dallas Buyers Club and Brokeback Mountain represent the darker sides to homosexual stigma that relates to the comedy, I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry in the sense of heterosexuals being rejected and ridiculed because of society’s beliefs about the main characters. I wanted to include the most drastically different movies that shared the same foundation, to show that there is more than one way that media can portray a statement. The most ironic common ground that is shared between these movies is that they all begin somewhat homophobic until the main characters’ experience what those included in the LGBTQ community experience on a daily basis to this day. Rizov explains, “Dallas Buyers Club can be slotted alongside 2005's Brokeback Mountain and 2008's Milk, two of the relatively few films with marquee-value straight actors enacting gay men. It's reasonable to complain that Dallas takes a story about a straight man's experience and places it at the centre of a larger Aids narrative in which homophobia, social ostracism et al are primarily his problem” (2014). It represents the extent of someone’s views can shift once they begin to understand the reality of it all versus basing their beliefs on prior ‘knowledge’ about the subject. It is rare when a situation is brought to the table when heterosexual men experience the negativity that homosexual men have faced for years, yet it is also revolutionary in broadening the world’s perceptions. It demonstrates that even those that are not directly a part of the LGBTQ community can still make a difference and a broad statement to others that may not know otherwise. It is difficult for someone to judge what someone is going through until they get a taste of it for themselves.
  Side note: I want to finish the introduction and do the conclusion once I complete the rest of the paper to be able to summarize it in both sections. I was wondering if I should go into detail about the recent political advances that have been done for the LGBTQ community, and where it would be most beneficial to get my point across that although homosexuality has been around for decades, it has become more prevalent now than ever. I plan to innervate the reading materials from some weeks into the scholarly resources by finding differences and similarities to base my reaction and argument off of, but it would be most helpful to do it once all of the main information is filled in more if needed. I also would like to know if I should incorporate more relation between the three movies to help distinguish the point I am attempting to make that movies do not always show the realistic aspects of what people in the LGBTQ community go through, but there are some efforts that have been made to pursue a more realistic representation.
 Resources: (Including those I plan to use, if not used already):
**Resources that are bolded are peer-reviewed**
Babuscio, Jack. (2004). “Camp and the Gay Sensibility” in Queer cinema: The film reader, pp. 121-136
Benshoff, Henry. M., & Griffin, Sean. (2006). Queer images: A history of gay and lesbian film in
America, Chapter 12, pp. 267-289
Gant, C. (2014). Dallas Buyers Club. Sight And Sound, 24(2), 14-15.
Gross, Larry. (2001). Up from Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Media in America, Chapter 2, pp. 21-109.
Jesus, F. L. D., Figueiredo, D. D. C., & Nascimento, F. S. (2016). Screening the unspeakable: The representation of gender/sex roles and same-sex love in Brokeback Mountain. International Journal of Language Studies, 10(2), 33-56. 
Mullard, A. (2014). Underground drug networks in the early days of AIDS. The Lancet, 383(9917), 592. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60208-7.
Norton, S. (2009). What's Sex Got to Do With It? Cinematic Critique on the Arguments Against Same-Sex Marriage. Hastings Communications & Entertainment Law Journal (Comm/Ent), 31(2), 321-338.
Pedersen, Lyn. (1954) “The Importance of Being Different.”
Rizov, V. (2014). Dallas Buyers Club. Sight & Sound, 24(2), 66-67. 
Roan, J. (2014). Fake Weddings and the Critique of Marriage: The Wedding Banquet(1993),I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry(2007), and the Marriage Equality Debate. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 31(8), 746-763. doi:10.1080/10509208.2012.757530.
Roughton, R. (2014). The Significance of Brokeback Mountain. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 18(1), 83-94. doi:10.1080/19359705.2013.792128
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beikecaiseo · 7 years
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The 10 Types of Content That Work Best for SEO – Whiteboard Friday
Published by randfish
Rand has recognized the 10 unique information sorts that function best for SEO and categorized which platforms are suited to particular inquiries after examining countless SERPs in the last couple weeks. In the Whiteboard Friday of today’s, he describes these content sorts and just how to make use of browser intention to fulfill, complement them towards the correct tasks, and improve your general technique.
Click the whiteboard picture above to start a higher-quality edition in a bill that is brand new!
Movie Transcription
Hi, welcome to a different version of Friday, and Moz followers. This week we are likely to talk about the kinds of information, content platforms that often work very well for SEO, and I am speaking particularly about content in the place of kind of an ecommerce item site or perhaps a contact site or these kinds of issues, and that is since what we wish to try to do listed here is discuss people who’re performing content technique and content advertising and selecting which content platforms you need to possibly utilize.
And So I really invested a lot of period during the last couple weeks examining a couple of hundred search engine results, of numerous, many different types, attempting to determine the initial, varied kinds of research results by which content-marketing items rated or even the forms of items that will squeeze into this content advertising world position.
10 information platforms that seemed frequently atop Bing
And so I created this listing of 10. There are 11, but I-donot especially suggest all 11 of those, and what I’ve completed is, within the wording information of the Whiteboard Fri I’ve created a listing, you can observe below the movie. These that’s for each, I’ve a link that is clearly a great instance of a research question along with this which is why that URL rates, to help you obtain of what this kind of material appears like a feeling. Which means youare likely acquainted with many of these platforms:
Wrecord articles and people might have normal upgrades or be republished on the normal schedule e.g. Stay & Careis Advantages Of Yoga (rates for Yoga Advantages)
Brief-type evergreen information and posts e.g. Jim Collin’s Item on Large, Furry, Audacious Goals (rates for BHAG)
Extended-type posts e.g. Delay Purchase Why about the Fermi Paradox (rates for Fermi Paradox)
Picture and visible galleries, I came across lots of these position, specifically for items that lent themselves to it, for instance should you were to find men’s haircuts designs. e.g. Right Hairis 100 Awesome Short Hairstyles for Males/ (rates for menis hairstyles)
Comprehensive and info-wealthy listings of information e.g. Wareableis Greatest Exercise Trackers of 2016 (rates for Exercise Trackers)
Fun resources and information, got good quality types of these. e.g. Zoopla’s House Costs Device (rates for home costs)
Extensive class landers, which means this wouldbe like should you look for home styles, the way you may land on Houzzis site of numerous home designs and that is a really lander to obtain you into more information, therefore it is not officially a content advertising item alone, but it brings you into content items or might. e.g. HGTV’s Home Suggestions (rates for home remodeling suggestions)
Multi page instructions, such things as Mozis Novice’s Manual to SEO, but we’ve various other illustrations also. e.g. Bates Collegeis “Simple Information to Data” (rates for statistics manual)
Information or complicated info that’s visualized e.g. CNN’s Election Effects (rates for selection outcomes 2016)
Movie, facebook or stuck movie on the specific site, Whiteboard Fri itself becoming an instance of this. e.g. Whiteboard Fri itself (rates for Distinctive Information)
Subsequently a eleventh structure that I actually donot really suggest, despite the fact that I came across it within the search engine results frequently, and that’s the official study files which are frequently PDFs or Powerpoints or these types of issues. Basically because they truly are really difficult to parse, the main reason I actually donot suggest these platforms is. They truly are especially difficult to start on cellular devices. Theyare not so user friendly, & most of times the main reason they rank properly is merely because plenty of other activities reported them. Nevertheless when you observe content entrepreneurs purchase one of these simple areas and create a doc in another of these additional platforms that is greater and much more extensive and much more helpful and much more user friendly, they are doing a far greater work plus they often position better also.
Which structure in the event you utilize for the task?
Therefore the query is: Which structure for anyone who is utilizing for the task? This really is anything we’ve to complete at Moz. We ask ourselves this query whenever weare making information around web-marketing info and around SEO and info of sorts. So are there kind of three large people then several guidelines that I Have got for you personally aswell and that I request. But to start, I love to begin with:
What is the browseris objective? What’re they attempting to achieve?
Today broadly speaking, whether it’s navigation or deal, content-marketing-kinds of items aren’t the best complement for all those kinds of inquiries. But when it is educational, which is really a large swath, an enormous quantity of the queries that occur on the internet and undoubtedly most of the types that content-marketing was created to goal, since then it may change those individuals from, “Yes, I currently learn about your manufacturer and that Iam currently contemplating you and I considering you.”
There is a couple of various variations of those. Therefore such things as I am searching for:
A fast response to this query
A heavy assessment of various kinds of info or various items, various providers, various pathways that I might decide to reply the motion that I am going to consider.
An extensive summary
I possibly could be looking out anything, trying to find info solely out-of attention and interest. You realize whenever you drop a rabbit-hole around, “Hello, I do want to know-all the movies that Ryan was actually in.” Subsequently, “Delay one minute. What’s this 1? I’ve I’d like to proceed find out more about that, and never heard about that one.” Therefore interest and the attention.
Skilled and medical pursuits
Multiple-threaded pursuit.
Appear, there are many of others forms of inquiries that are educational. The important thing would be to think about which of those are all of the people executing this research question attempting to achieve, after which you certainly can do a much better work of thinning this checklist down. So you may be ready to cut right out six or five of those and just depart oneself having a several choices once you’ve clarified this query. The following one is:
What really seems within the search engine results site?
This two methods are meant by me. One, who currently turns up there, and what types of platforms are they employing? that may be educational. That may give some motivation to you, or it might generate one to desire to be not the same as the remainder of these. But additionally, I am requesting when it comes to the SERP functions that seem there. Are we referring to:
10 orange links and advertisements, that will be really, very traditional old-school, but unusual nowadays? Or are we speaking about research verticals showing within their pictures, which recommend perhaps I ought to be considering…
Pictures or visible galleries or possibly information or complicated info visualized, like perhaps an educational image or even more probably adata creation that is of top quality. While you may understand from previous Fridays I am not really a large infographic enthusiast myself.
Could it be information? by which event, perhaps I’d like a brief-type article or perhaps a long-type post.
Could it be movies? by which event, I possibly wish to movie.
If we observe plenty of such things as:
Immediate solutions, individuals likewise request, in depth outcomes, that may place us toward the difficulty of the info and just how much individuals are prepared to proceed search into this. Therefore individuals who likewise request claim that it may be a multi- a multi-page, exploration manual, or perhaps a extensive class lander might be a complement that is great there. If an immediate solution is seen by me, possible that a brief-type, evergreen post might do very well, or perhaps a article that is regularly-updated may do there.
Easily notice…
Website links, routes or nearby, or among Google or Googleis widgets, that basically reply the question for you personally, a visit a calculator or perhaps a look for trip costs, they reply that currently. A look for climate, they reply that currently. Odds are it may be fairly difficult to do issues within the content-marketing globe that’ll have success there. I would bias one to search for activities that are other.
Then your next query:
What is likely to resonate with two teams — their influencers as well as my market?
You have to request these concerns about both these teams. That may imply:
DEBevice kind and what your location is looking from. Therefore if someone is looking on a-mobile gadget plus they are on-the-move which kind of question comes with an intention that’s educational however itis really fast info, you may wish to contemplate a number of the smaller type material.
If you will find optimistic next actions and also you understand that this is the situation, you may wish to provide something similar to the multi page manual or the class lander or the fun device or material or that comprehensive checklist that provides somebody steps they may take immediately after they will have eaten that info.
In addition you wish to contemplate whether this can be an individual or this really is apt to be an individual who is:
Searching for fresh and fascinating platforms and they’d be intrigued and revel in discovering that, or whether or not theyare…
Searching for anything common and reliable, that’s not fresh, that does not make sure they are believe at-all, it simply answers their question and gets them completed.
Recommendations
I’d say…
Do not dismiss new platforms. Therefore if several of those aren’t issues you have regarded previously, do not dismiss them.
Notice that you should not simply make use of a structure since itis fresh. That’s a concept that is terrible. You need to use a structure since it acts many of these capabilities since it is effective for the market.
Study from whois currently position
I’dnot state that you need to simply duplicate someone elseis structure since itis accustomed and simple to do. ensure that accustomed and reliable is the greatest method as you are able to contend.
Take a look at these content platforms and discovering methods for getting a competitive benefit from their store. If all your rivals are simply performing blogs and brief-type and extended-type posts, you may be ready to get having a visible gallery, you may be ready to get by having an fun bit of information or perhaps a device, or you may be ready to get with complicated data visualized. That is clearly a factor that is potent.
Do make use of a multiple-keyword strategy within this evaluation. Then when Iam stating, “What’s the browseris intention,” Iam requesting you to think about all the words and phrases that you are wishing to position for with this specific bit of information, not only expression or a simple keyword expression. That’ll provide you with the easiest way to find the general objective of getting the best people and also the correct information structure for that search-queries.
To reading about a few of the platforms you have utilized, perhaps some that are not with this checklist okay everybody, look forward. We would undoubtedly like to observe them if you’ve excellent types of these you had prefer to reveal. And you ‘ll be seen by us again in a few days for another version of Friday. Be mindful.
Movie transcription by Speechpad.com
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jirisjhon-blog · 6 years
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Chemical Indicator
What is the chemical indicator and bowie dick test pack  Chemical indicator are either physical or chemical devices used to monitor one or more of the process parameters of the sterilization cycle. Currently they are divided into 6 classifications. They are as follows:  Class 1: Process indicators are intended for use with individual items, e.g., containers, to indicate that the unit has been directly exposed to the sterilization process and to distinguish between processed and no processed items. Indicator tapes, indicator labels and load cards are examples of externally visible chemical indicators that are on the outside on the packages.
Class 2: Indicators are intended for use in specific test procedures as defined in relevant sterilizer/ sterilization control standards. . Bowie-Dicks are one type of specific testing most are familiar with. These are used to show the efficacy of air removal and steam penetration.  Class 3: A single variable indicator that is designed to solely show the exposure to one Sterilization control products process at a stated value (SV) of the chosen variable. One example of a single variable is a temperature tube that houses a chemical pellet which melts at a specific temperature.  Class 4: These are considered as multiple variable indicators. They are designed to react with two or more of the critical variables and are intended to indicate exposure to a sterilization cycle at SVs of the chosen variable. Examples of these class 4 would be the paper strips with a color change chemical indicator. These are usually used inside each package.  Class 5: Integrating indicators are designed to react with all critical variables. These can be used as internal chemical indicators in all packs and containers for pack control monitoring. They can also be used as an additional monitoring tool in order to be able to release loads that do not contain implants based on the appropriate Process Challenge Device. These indicators can also be used in implant loads IF a Biological Indicator is run with the class 5 integrator. The load can NOT be released until the BI result is known except in emergencies.  Class 6: These are called emulating Indicators which are cycle verification indicators which are designed to react to all critical variables for specified sterilization cycles. In other words they are considered to be indicative of a complete cycle by showing the presence or absence of specific time and temperature parameters during a cycle. They are currently only available in the US for steam sterilization. Chemical indicator are convenient, are inexpensive, and indicate that the item has been exposed to the sterilization process. In one study, chemical indicators were more likely than biological indicators to inaccurately indicate sterilization at marginal sterilization times (e.g., 2 minutes). Steam Chemical indicators should be used in conjunction with biological indicators, but based on current studies should not replace them because they indicate sterilization at marginal msterilization time and because only a biological indicator consisting of resistant spores can measure the microbial killing power of the sterilization process. Chemical indicators are affixed on the outside of each pack to show that the package has been processed through a sterilization cycle, but these indicators do not prove sterilization has been achieved. Preferably, a chemical indicator also should be placed on the inside of each pack to verify sterilant penetration. Chemical indicators usually are either heat-or chemical sensitive inks that change color when one or more sterilization parameters (e.g.,steam-ime, temperature, and/or saturated steam; ETO-time, temperature, relative humidity and/or ETO concentration) are present.  Chemical indicators have been grouped into five classes based on their ability to monitor one or multiple sterilization parameters. If the internal and/or external indicator suggests inadequate processing, the item should not be used An air-removal test (Bowie-Dick Test) must be performed daily in an empty dynamic-air-removal sterilizer (e.g., prevacuum steam sterilizer) to ensure air removal. The definitions listed above were taken from the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11140-1:2005 definitions. Definitions:  Chemical indicator evice for monitoring a sterilization process. The device is designed to respond with a characteristic chemical or physical change to one or more of the physical conditions within the sterilizing chamber. Chemical indicators are intended to detect potential sterilization failures that could result from incorrect packaging, incorrect loading of the sterilizer, or malfunctions of the sterilizer. The “pass” response of a chemical indicator does not prove the item accompanied by the indicator is necessarily sterile. The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation has defined five classes of chemical indicators: Class 1 (process indicator); Class 2 (Bowie dick test pack indicator); Class 3 (single-parameter indicator); Class 4 (multi-parameter indicator); and Class 5 (integrating indicator).
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