Korean Adverbs: -게, -이, -히, 으로
⚠️(this is a long post)
WHAT ARE ADVERBS?
Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, and sometimes other adverbs. They are used In a ton of different ways to Indicate : Place, Time, Manner, Circumstance, Degree, Cause, Etc. (Examples: Gently, Very, Then, There)
Korean grammar has 4 types of adverbs that you may have saw attached to words in a sentence. ~이, ~게, ~으로, & Plain Word. Most of these attach to them stem of a verb or adjective to create a new meaning.
BASIC ADVERBS:
It’s the easiest one to understand but you have to memorize these. Other adverbs basic form uses a stem but this type doesn’t. It exists as an adverb from the beginning. There is no rule for them. You just need to memorize them one by one.
List Of Some Basic Adverbs: (more at end of post)
매우/아주 - Very / A lot
정말/진짜 - Really
조금 - Little / Few
금방 - Just Now
Time & Place Adverbs:
The best part about Korean adverbs that relate to times and places, is that they can essentially be placed at any place in the sentence. The only place they cannot be placed is at the end of the sentence – because a sentence must always end in an adjective or verb.
Examples Of Time & Place Adverbs:
지금 - Now (time)
여기에 - Here (place)
가끔 - Sometimes (time)
저기에 - Over There (place)
매일 - Everyday (time)
Any location + 에 Is technically an Adverb
Degree & Manner Adverbs: 게
Adverbs that indicate a degree to which something is done are typically placed immediately before the verb. These adverbs usually (but not always) end in ‘ly’ in English:
I ran *really quickly*
I ate *fast*
I left *immediately*
I *often* meet my friend on Thursday
I eat too much *sometimes*
Also, many of these words are just transferred from their adjective forms to create an adverb by adding -게. 게 Is typically known as something that shows in what manner something is done. A lot of adverbs in Korean are simply made by adding ‘게’ to the stem of an adjective.
You just need to replace 다 of word stems to 게:
쉽다 = Easy > 쉽게 = Easily
다르다 = Different > 다르게 = Differently
빠르다 = Quick > 빠르게 = Quickly
히 & 이 Adverbs:
Adjectives that end in 하다 are sometimes changed into adverbs by changing 하다 to 히. With most adjectives you can either add 게 to the stem or 히 with no difference in meaning. When you learn new verbs, you can use them right away as an adverb. 하 in 하다 becomes 히 by combining 이. If the word stem has ㄹ, then it usually becomes 리.
Examples:
조용하다 = Quiet > 조용하게/조용히 = Quietly
안전하다 = Safe > 안전하게/안전히 = Safely
Some adjectives are changed into adverbs in a different way. When this happens, they are usually very similar to their original adjective form:
많다 = Many > 많이 > Many/ A lot
빠르다 = Quick > 빨리 > Quickly
EXCEPTIONS:
Some adverbs don’t have a basic form. So it exists as an adverb from the first place even it looks like other adverbs using a word stem.
Ex: 천천히 - Slowly
Some word stems can’t be used with -게 and some can’t be used with -히.** There is no rules for them. You just need to memorize them.
-(으)로 ADVERBS:
으로 means ‘in some way’. Actually it’s a postposition,** not an adverb but it becomes an adverb when you translate Korean into English. Most of the stems for 으로 adverbs use the suffix 적 (적으로), but you’ll see some that don’t use it.
LIST OF COMMON KOREAN ADVERBS:
보통 - usually
계속 - contiunously
자주 - often, frequently
가끔 / 때로는 - sometimes
항상 - always
때때로 / 종종 - occasionally
드물게 - rarely
절대 - never
제대로 - properly
아주/매우 - very
거의 - almost
잘 - well
더 - more
덜 - less
특히 - specially, especially
가장 - most
완전히 - perfectly
엄청 - enormous
단순히 - simply
가만히 - motionlessly (still)
다행히 - luckily, with luck
안녕히 - in peace (안녕히 가세요/계세요)
열심히 - diligently, hard
꾸준히 - steadily, persistently
영원히 - eternally, forever
똑같이 - equally, evenly
없이 - without
끝없이 - without end
틀림없이 - sure enough (absolutely correct)
언제 - when
지금 - now (time)
이제 - now
그때는 - at that time, back then
아직 - yet, still
언젠가 - some time
곧 - soon
어디 - where
어떻게 - how
누가 - who
뭐 - what
왜 - why
어느 - which
얼마나 - how much
몇이나 - how many
가볍게 - lightly
무례하게 - rudely
나쁘게 - badly
맛있게 - deliciously
이쁘게 - prettily
아름답게 - beautifully
안전하게 - safely
용기있게 - bravely
조용하게/조용히 - quietly
위험하게 - dangerously
자연스럽게 - naturally
재미있게 - funny
행복하게 - happily
편하게/편히 - comfortably
A Few Example Sentences:
저는 조용하게 먹었어요.
I ate quietly.
저는 가끔 너무 많이 먹어요.
I eat too much sometimes.
저는 저의 친구를 자주 만나요
= I meet my friend often
저는 행복하게 살았어요.
I lived happily.
**과학적으로** 해결해보세요
Solve it scientifically
**무의식적으로** 버튼을 눌렀어요
I pressed the button unconsciously
**본능적으로** 움직였어요
I moved my body instinctively
That's it for this post! Hope you enjoyed and learned something new. Follow for more lessons like this👍
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