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#24 July 1847
rabbitcruiser · 10 months
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After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young lead 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City on July 24, 1847.
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The Terror: When, How, Where... (PART 3)
See Part 1 (Intro, Episode 1 through 5)
See Part 2 (Episode 6 through 9)
1927 Admiralty Map (My beloved?)
To see the full map to interact with, click this link
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List of Locations and approx dates:
Location 1 - David Young's grave (71.22, -96.60) - Sept 5 1846
Location 2 - Ships Position September 1846 (70.25, -98.00) - Sept 12 1846
Location 3 - Ships Position June 1847 (70.15, -98.30) - May 24 to Jun 11 1847
Location 4 & 5 - The Cairn and the Ice Camp (69.66, -98.27) - May 28 1847
Location 6- The Ships in January 1848 (70.055, -98.59) - January 10th- 17th 1848 
Location 7- The Ships in April 1848 (69.88, -98.57) - April 22nd 1848
Location 8 - Fairholmes' Last Resting Place (69.72, -98.35) - April 23rd 1848 
Location 9 - Terror Camp (69.644, -98.24) - April 24th-26th  1848 
Location 10 - Netsilik Massacre (69.62, -98.05) - April 25th 1848 
Location 11- Hodgson is found - Mutineers: (69.56, -98.06) - April 27th 1848 
Location 12 - Hodgson is found – Crozier (69.54, -98.14) - April 27th 1848 
Location 13 - Fitzjames Collapses (68.94, -98.79) - June 10th 1848 
Location 14 - Gibson's death (68.860, -98.73)  - June 27th 1848 
Location 15 - Fitzjames' Death (68.78, -98.21) - July 28th 1848 
Location 16 - The NorWest Passage (68.7, -98.06) - July 28th 1848
Location 17 - Hospital Camp (68.68, -97.74) - August 3rd 
Location 18 – Bridgens' death (68.70, -97.95) - August 10th 
Location 19/21 - Mutineer Camp (68.73, -97.99) - August 3rd 
Location 20 - Crozier Ambushed (68.67, -97.84) - August 10th 
Location 22 - Tulloch Point (68.56, -97.09) - October 5th - (Crozier) - August 30th (Little)
Location 23 - The Library (68.48, -96.58)  - October 9th (Crozier) - September 9th (Little)
Location 24 - Todd island (68.44, -96.29) - October 9th (Crozier) - September 14th (Little)
Location 25 - Starvation Cove (68.24, -96.59) - October 10th (Crozier) - September 28th (Little)
Location 26 - Netsilik Summer Camp (68.66, -95.932) - Silna
Historical and documented locations are in blue
Proposed locations by Franklin Researchers in orange
Proposed locations by yours truly in pink
Historical locations but for which the show took liberties... in red
P.S I couldn’t take my own screenshot from the show so… I had to try and find the best matching image out there this time :(
On With the Show
Episode 10 - We Are Gone
Episode 10 is full of action and, thankfully, will not make me ramble too much until after Silna rescues Crozier. If we generously accept that the previous locations and date I gave are good (or good enough), then we’ll situate the first three quarters of the episode pretty easily.
So, for the end of our tragedy, we start in a place we’ve been before;
 Location 19 - Mutineer’s Camp (68.73, -97.99)
Date: August 16th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 26 min
Twilight -6h 34 min
Sunrise: 3:51 am, Sunset: 9:17 pm
The Episode starts with Hickey “welcoming” Crozier into his camp and we learn a clue about the date. “It’s a Wednesday”, followed, back at Hospital Camp, by Lt. Little who let us know that it has been a day since Crozier was taken by Des Voeux and Co.
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So, the first question I have is: Did Des Voeux camp out the night? With what tent and what supply? They did not appear to have dragged anything with them. Perhaps they walked all night but that would have made for a very slow walk, probably, since we established that the Mutineers had camped only 6 miles away from the Hospital Camp and we’ve established previously that a slow pace for walking would be around 2mph.
Let’s address the first point. “It’s a Wednesday”. Well, my friends, I had previously placed Crozier’s being ambushed on August 10th and… that’s a thursday.
Therefore, I need to make a revision to Part 2, I’m afraid… I am not overly worried about this, however. I had based my timeline with very large stroke and I could either adjust that everything happens 2 days earlier that I previously said it would or 5 days later. Considering that the Tuunbaq battle happens during twilight and ends just as the sun is about the rise, and that was a couple of days later, I would be inclined to move everything forward 5 days. This would also give more “nighttime” for Hodgson to annoy Goodsir with his Catholic story… But also, this would explain why LeVesconte was feeling desperate enough to propose abandoning the ill, again. Time is flying by and they’re just… sitting… in that camp…
Therefore! Crozier comes into the Mutineer Camp on August 16th :) and we’re moving the day of Bridgens’ death on August 15th.
August 16th would also become the end for Mr. Goodsir.
And we are BACK at Hospital Camp for Le Vesconte little mutiny and, I have to say, I was so, so proud of Edward Little for trying to do the right thing… in a situation when there are no right decisions...
Location 17 - Hospital Camp (68.68, -97.74)
Date: August 16th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 26min
Twilight - 6h 34 min
Sunrise: 3:50 am, Sunset: 9:16 pm
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From Le Vesconte’s summary of their decision, this is also the day they leave Hospital Camp and, therefore, the day of Jopson’s death :(
Location 21 - Tuunbaq Battle (68.67, -97.84)
Date: August 18th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 07 min
Twilight -6h 53 min
Sunrise: 4:00 am, Sunset: 9:06 pm
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This is the next day, August 17th to August 18th (Tuunbaq dies shortly before the sun rises). 
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Twilight would start at 9:19 pm but we started the day with a Goodsir breakfast and the question I would like to ask is this:
Did Hickey just wait until like… midnight to get them to start pulling that sledge? It looks like they did not come directly from the camp but from a little bit further away and maybe they chose to come at it from that angle because of the slope… Anyway, I’ll propose that, yes Hickey chose to wait until midnight to make them start pulling, making the battle happen on August 18th!
This would also mean that it would have taken almost 18 hours for Goodsir’s poison to take effect?
We’ll mark the location as the same as the Mutineer’s camp since they are so close to one another.
And now:
Crozier Recovers
 Location 19 - Mutineer’s Camp (68.73, -97.99)
Date: October 2nd 1848
Nighttime - 6h 20 min
Daylight - 10h 56 min
Twilight - 6 h44 min
Sunrise: 6:52 am, Sunset: 5:48 pm
The timeline for an amputation’s recovery are what I’ll need to use to check on when it is that Crozier can walk again.
Let’s start with the stump: I note that when Crozier announces to Silna his intention to try and find his men, the stump doesn’t have any kind of coverings. Meaning it would have been closed or scared well enough to not need it anymore.
(PS Looking for a screenshot of when he wakes up)
As you can imagine I haven’t found a lot of information on the web concerning how long an amputation would take to heal if it was made in the middle of the arctic wilderness with a hunting knife and no modern medical care… But there are some beautiful papers out there about how amputation being so ancient (31 000 years ago) proved that caring for our ill was very much a way of life even back then. Anyway, according to Myhealth.Alberta.ca, a below the knee amputation would take up to 4  to 8 weeks to be able to return to work with modern care… it took Mr. Blanky a measly 2 weeks of recovery before he could walk the half mile between Terror and Erebus after his own amputation and damn, if this is not the proof that Mr. Blanky was the GOAT. 
Mr. Blanky also had the advantage of being cared for by a doctor (although, 19th century Doctor…), which Crozier does not. Based on this, I will accept that it would be reasonable for Crozier, who lives in the same world of superhumans as Thomas Blanky, might have needed the full 4 weeks to recover. At least.
We also know from our analysis of some hair growth for episode 9 that it takes 1 month to grow half an inch of beard. Honestly, I’d say this looks like at least 1 month and a half growth…
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Also, to find out the approximate date, Crozier tell us that it’s “too late” to be this far North. No doubt he means that they are most certainly veering into the colder months and that he knows that if they would need to reach the Netsilik winter camp soon. It’s definitely not August anymore.
Finally, we know that the endgame is, I assume, Starvation Cove (See location 25). Starvation Cove, we know, 
I am going a little bit ahead of myself, I know, but I feel this is important to establish the timeline because Starvation Cove is a known location, I do not need to guess where it is. I can already calculate that it is, when taking the probably path the survivors took (based on the 1927 admiralty map), 50 miles away from the Hospital Camp.
We established, at the end of part 2, that the speed they would have gone at would have been about 1 mile per day. Maybe after dropping the desks and so many tents (there was only one boat in Little’s last camp), they could have gained a little bit of speed. Let’s say 1.5 miles per day. This would mean that if they were going at their best pace, they could have reached Starvation Cove in a month.
And, then, they would have had to stop, too exhausted to move on,and they would have known hunger enough to resort to the last ressource…
I also want to point out that there is a fine layer of snow on the tents and the crates when Crozier reaches it. And there is frost on Poor Lt. Little’s face. So, here is the thing about snow: it melts when exposed to the sun at near freezing temperature, if it had fallen on surfaces that will absorb heat. In order for the frost to have remained on Edward’s face and for the barrels to be frost and snow covered (lightly), my canadian nose tells the temperature may have been closer to 23F (-5C)  than at freezing (32F or 0C). Which would be average for the beginning of October (according to timeanddate.com) rather than September.
I think I will accept that even though Blanky, bless his face, recovered from an amputation in 2 weeks, it could have taken Crozier 6 or 7 weeks and based on the time one would need to travel to Starvation Cove (probably 1 week for Crozier and Silna if we account for Crozier’s recovering speed I would like to established at 10 miles per day and also accounting for the fact that he looked MUCH improved by the time they reached Starvation Cove, which requires time) and between 30 to 40 days for Little, this would be the right timeframe for the travel and starvation to occur...
This would date Crozier and Silna’s departure from the Mutineer’s Camp around October 2nd 
And now, Crozier and Silna gets on their way to the next stop:
Location 17 - Hospital Camp (68.68, -97.74)
Date: October 2nd 1848
Nighttime - 6h 20 min
Daylight - 10h 58 min
Twilight - 6 h42 min
Sunrise: 6:50 am, Sunset: 5:47 pm
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The hospital camp being, as established, 6 miles from the Mutineer camps, they would have made it there on the first day. And probably around noon if they had started to walk at first light. Crozier would have been slower than Silna and may have been able to walk only 10 to 15 miles per day. For the first couple of days, I expect that he could have walked closer to 10 miles than 15. I also would like to think that he would have taken the time to bury Jopson, making him the Gladman Point Skeleton (NdLe-16)
Location 22 - Tulloch Point (68.56, -97.09) (Not shown in show)
(Crozier)
Date: October 5th 1848
Nighttime - 6h 44 min
Daylight - 10h 41 min
Twilight - 6 h35 min
Sunrise: 6:54am, Sunset: 5:27 pm
(Lt Little)
Date: August 30th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 15h 22 min
Twilight - 8 h38 min
Sunrise: 4:46 am, Sunset: 8:08 pm
On their way to Starvation Cove, they would have had to cross Douglas Bay, a 3 miles wide little bay near the southern part of KWI.  It’s 26 miles from the Mutineers Camp (Which Crozier departed on October 2nd) and 20 miles from the Hospital Camp (Which Lt. Little departed on August 16th)
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At a recovering pace of 10 miles per day for Crozier/Silna, they would have reached Douglas Bay at the end of their 3rd day of walking and I suspect that even though they sitll had some miles in them, they would have started fresh the next morning to cross the bay (Oct 6th).
At an average pace of 1.5 miles a day, Little and Le Vesconte would have reached Douglas Bay in 14 days and probably would have waited until the beginning of the 15th day to cross.
Location 23 - The Library (68.48, -96.58)
(Crozier)
Date: October 9th 1848
Nighttime - 7h 32 min
Daylight - 10h 01 min
Twilight - 6 h 27 min
Sunrise: 7:11 am, Sunset: 5:13 pm
(Lt Little)
Date: september 9th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 14h 00 min
Twilight - 10  h 00 min
Sunrise: 5:19 am, Sunset: 7:19 pm
This is the place where Little and Le Vesconte dropped all the books, what looks to be a desk and 2 side tables? (one would think that they’d have left that behind before Jopson :( )
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I think that at this point they are getting much closer to the southernmost point of KWI, Booth Point. For 2 reasons: 1- Crozier seems to have recovered enough to be walking straight and without much difficulty and with enough strength to help pull Silna’s sled and 2- You can see they are close to the strait, like, right next to it. Which means that they would have been making ready to cross, which could be the reason why this is where they abandoned all the non essentials. If Little and Co crossed in mid-september, as the timeline I supposed when discussing Crozier’s recovery would lead me to believe, they would have crossed on thin ice, making it more necessary than ever to lighten the load. And because I started this journey to figure out how to reconcile the show with the locations of where relics were found, I think I would like this to be quite near River Piffer… you know… not too far from where they would have buried Le Vesconte… And we have for location 23 (68.48, -96.58)
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I think Le Vesconte and Little would have rushed to cross Douglas Bay as to not be on ice when it is not cold enough yet to assure them it wouldn’t crack under their weight. They would probably have pushed to cross on the same day, making it a whooping 3 miles in one day. This would certainly have exhausted the men, bringing them closer to their demise. They would cross on August 31st, and start again on September 1st for the remaining 10 miles until location 23, probably at a slightly slower pace of 1.25 miles a day and reached the Library on September 9th.
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TO BE NOTED: since 2009, the skeleton found and believed to be Le Vesconte by C.F. Halls in 1869 has been reidentified as Harry Goodsir. But! Well! You know!
Location 24 - Todd island (68.44, -96.29) (Not shown in show)
(Crozier)
Date: October 9th 1848
Nighttime - 7h 33 min
Daylight - 10h 01 min
Twilight - 6 h26 min
Sunrise: 7;10 am, Sunset: 5:12 pm
(Lt Little)
Date: September 14th 1848
Nighttime - 1h 22 min
Daylight - 13h 20 min
Twilight - 9 h18 min
Sunrise: 5:37 am, Sunset: 6:57 pm
The Route to Starvation Cove: I am still going to take from the 1927’s admiralty map there and accept that they crossed the Simpson Strait near Todd Island. One of the reason why I would agree with it is because their goal was to get to Back Fish River. Upon reaching Booth Pt, they might have realised that, well, that’s it. That’s the end of KWI. There is no land bridge connecting it to the Adelaide Peninsula. At that point, they had to cross but, before that? Well, they maybe had a chance that they could have kept pulling their sledge on firm ground and not attempt what might have been a frozen strait or a dangerous trek on unstable ice, especially in september. They would have attempted to cross at the nearest point possible from the river they were trying to get to. So, instead of simply crossing at the narrowest part of the Simpson Strait, they kept on going until they were facing Todd Island
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Todd Island is 7.5 miles from the Library.
If we say that unloading their boat made the pace easier and back at 1.5 miles per day, then, Little would have reached this point in 5 days on September 14th and Crozier and Silna on the same day as they reached the Library, October 9th.
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Location 25 - Starvation Cove (68.24, -96.59)
(Lt Little)
Date: September 28th 1848
Nighttime - 5h 46 min
Daylight - 11h 29 min
Twilight - 6 h45 min
Sunrise: 6:31 am, Sunset: 6:00 pm
(Crozier)
Date: October 10th 1848
Nighttime - 7h 44 min
Daylight - 9h 55 min
Twilight - 6 h21 min
Sunrise: 7;14am, Sunset: 5:09 pm
We know where this is :(
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The thing about Starvation cove is that if we accept that Franklin’s men crossed at Todd Island, they would have been going SW when they should have been going SE to reach Back Fish River.
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I would like to suggest that upon knowing that they would have to cross a large expense of ice in mid september ( which could have been potentially perilous as the ice was probably made fragile by the summer and it was not cold enough yet to secure the way), they… simply chose to go toward the point of land they could see. Which was this cute little point. From there, they followed its coast until their last stand.
Now, more daunting than anything, this is a monstrous 9 miles to cross. For Lt. Little and his unfortunate companions who I’ve recently reduced to a pace of 1.5 miles a day, this would have meant they needed 6 days to cross at that pace! I think they would have deemed it too dangerous and would have pushed, same as they did for Douglas Bay and made it 2.5 miles a day (crossing in 4 days - Sept 18). Once again, this would have taken from their reserves all their reserves and they would have slowed down to 1.2 miles a day until they reached Starvation cove, 7 miles away from their initial landing on the Adelaide Peninsula. From Todd Island to their last resting place, they would have walked another 10 days. It is September 28th 1848 and they have been hauling the boats for 5 months. They total mileage would have been between 150 and 170 miles with my proposed route from Terror Camp to Starvation cove.
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Crozier and Silna would have been able to cross and reach Starvation Cove in a day, reaching it on October 10th, 12 days after Lt. Little and what was left of the crew.
OTHER LOCATIONS
Location 26 - Netsilik Summer Camp (68.66, -95.932)
For this one, I want to believe it is Gjoa Haven.
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From Terror Camp, this would have been a 100 miles journey for Silna. If she took her time and made a comfortable 10 miles a day, she would have walked from TC to GH in 10 days or so. 2 weeks. But she probably footed it because it seems like she wanted her people to help, in some capacity, the Frankliners (which prompted the unnamed Netsilik hunter to lecture her on how the white men were disturbing the balance on the island)
Then, from Gjoa Haven to the Mutineer’s camp, it would have been 50 miles. If she had left with the other shaman the day Crozier got ambushed, august 15th (as it seems to be implied by the fact that the scene announcing her travel companion was ready to go being just after Tom Hartnell’s death), she would have made it just in time to save Crozier 3 days later on August 18th by walking 15 to 20 miles a day, which is a moderate pace for a hiker.
So, this coincidence comforts me into thinking that, yes, their summer camp WAS in Gjoa Haven : )
Which is to say, had her journey been continuous, she would have made it to the same destination as the men of Franklin in only 30 days or so...
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It took Little 150 days to reach Starvation Cove…
Women are stronger?
Location 27 - Netsilik Winter Camp (???)
I don't even want to attempt this. There are no clues whatsoever as to where they might be. They also deserve a little bit of privacy!
That’s it! That’s the end! We’ve made it, friends! All 10 episodes!
For Part 4, I will attempt to correct the dates I retroactively changed from part 1 to part 2 and then from part 2 to part 3 and package all of this in a neat presentation that would be more digestible than this wall of rambling.
I will take my time to complete part 4 and review everything so I might upload it in a week's time or so, maybe more.
I rushed Part 1 through 3 so that it could get out of my head and you all paid the price for how much rambling there is ;) sorry!
Thank you for reading so far! This was a blast even though I felt like I was losing my mind quite a bit!
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bigfrozenfan · 5 months
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The History of Arendelle: A FROZEN Timeline
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The History of Arendelle is much more than just a recap of Frozen I & II. In this video timeline we'll dive deep into Frozen lore that spans novels, comics, podcasts, and more! This video is made in close association with the Arendelle Archives, a group of Frozen superfans who've mapped out the lore and history very well. Find links to download some of their resources below! This video is also made in collaboration with ModernMouse and Josh Taylor plays a new in-universe Frozen character, named Josh Taylorson, a Royal Historian of Arendelle.
TIMESTAMPS: 0:00 Introduction 1:44 ch. i - How the Timeline Works 4:30 ch. ii - The 1790s: Arendelle's Grand Reinvention 6:23 ch. iii - April 1812: The Battle of the Dam 7:51 ch. iv - 1812-1840: Dangerous Secrets - The Story of Iduna and Agnarr 11:03 ch. v - 1830-1840: Arendelle's Dark Years 14:05 ch. vi - July 1843: Frozen 17:19 ch. vii - July 1843: Once Upon a Snowman 17:39 ch. viii - December 1843: Olaf's Frozen Adventure 18:49 ch. ix - June 1844: Frozen Fever 19:54 ch. x - 1846: The Joe Caramagna Graphic Novels 22:21 ch. xi - September 1846: Forest of Shadows 24:24 ch. xii - September/October 1846: Frozen II 27:44 ch. xiii - December 1846: Polar Nights - Cast Into Darkness 29:17 ch. xiv - Spring 1847: Forces of Nature - Season One 30:44 Conclusion
ARENDELLE ARCHIVES RESOURCES: Annals of Frozen 2nd Edition The FrozenVerse - A List of All Official and Licensed Works Frozen Canon Talk 4th Edition Maps & Geography Anna and Elsa’s Lost Family Members
Download a high-quality PNG of the Frozen Timeline on Patreon
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pwlanier · 1 year
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A collection of nine brass-studded leather trunks and boxes
Various makers from Philadelphia, PA, and Boston, MA, early 19th century
Overall comprising eight leather boxes and one hide covered box, most retaining original block-printed and marbled paper or ticking fabric, and original labels, to interior: one box with studded monogram to lid, "RCB," with label, "By Thomas Moyer, No. 26, Market Street, Philadelphia," a box with label, "W.S. Hansell, No. 24, Southside of Market street, near Front street, Philadelphia," one box with label, "Andrew Riley, No. 19, Hanover Street, Boston," one box with label, "Robert Burr, Trunk Manufacturer, No. 9 Hanover Street (Nearly opposite the Shawmut House, Boston.)," one box with label, "E.A.G. Roulstone, Successor to Robert Burr...9 Hanover St...Boston.," one box with label, "Thomas Moyer, No. 38 Market Street, Philadelphia," one box with brass plaque to lid engraved, "Boston Copper Co." and with label, "George Domett...6 Dock Square, Boston.," and bearing inscription to underside, "Boston & Braintree Copper & Brass Manufactory, Boston," one box with no label but bearing pencil inscriptions to interior of lid, "Ebenezer C. Andrews/ Otisfield Maine/ July 10th 1847/ Bought of Moses D. Andrews/ Five years ago/ M.D. Andrews Esq/ Otisfield Maine/ Robert And [in ink] Robert Andrews," and one box with no label.
Freeman’s
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yaggy031910 · 1 year
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The napoleonic marshal‘s children
After seeing @josefavomjaaga’s and @northernmariette’s marshal calendar, I wanted to do a similar thing for all the marshal’s children! So I did! I hope you like it. c: I listed them in more or less chronological order but categorised them in years (especially because we don‘t know all their birthdays). At the end of this post you are going to find remarks about some of the marshals because not every child is listed! ^^“ To the question about the sources: I mostly googled it and searched their dates in Wikipedia, ahaha. Nevertheless, I also found this website. However, I would be careful with it. We are talking about history and different sources can have different dates. I am always open for corrections. Just correct me in the comments if you find or know a trustful source which would show that one or some of the dates are incorrect. At the end of the day it is harmless fun and research. :) Pre 1790
François Étienne Kellermann (4 August 1770- 2 June 1835) 
Marguerite Cécile Kellermann (15 March 1773 - 12 August 1850)
Ernestine Grouchy (1787–1866)
Mélanie Marie Josèphe de Pérignon (1788 - 1858)
Alphonse Grouchy (1789–1864)
Jean-Baptiste Sophie Pierre de Pérignon (1789- 14 January 1807)
Marie Françoise Germaine de Pérignon (1789 - 15 May 1844)
Angélique Catherine Jourdan (1789 or 1791 - 7 March 1879)
1790 - 1791
Marie-Louise Oudinot (1790–1832)
Marie-Anne Masséna (8 July 1790 - 1794)
Charles Oudinot (1791 - 1863)
Aimee-Clementine Grouchy (1791–1826)
Anne-Francoise Moncey (1791–1842)
1792 - 1793
Bon-Louis Moncey (1792–1817)
Victorine Perrin (1792–1822)
Anne-Charlotte Macdonald (1792–1870)
François Henri de Pérignon (23 February 1793 - 19 October 1841)
Jacques Prosper Masséna (25 June 1793 - 13 May 1821)
1794 - 1795
Victoire Thècle Masséna (28 September 1794 - 18 March 1857)
Adele-Elisabeth Macdonald (1794–1822)
Marguerite-Félécité Desprez (1795-1854); adopted by Sérurier
Nicolette Oudinot (1795–1865)
Charles Perrin (1795–15 March 1827)
1796 - 1997
Emilie Oudinot (1796–1805)
Victor Grouchy (1796–1864)
Napoleon-Victor Perrin (24 October 1796 - 2 December 1853)
Jeanne Madeleine Delphine Jourdan (1797-1839)
1799
François Victor Masséna (2 April 1799 - 16 April 1863)
Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte (4 July 1799 – 8 July 1859)
Auguste Oudinot (1799–1835)
Caroline de Pérignon (1799-1819)
Eugene Perrin (1799–1852)
1800
Nina Jourdan (1800-1833)
Caroline Mortier de Trevise (1800–1842)
1801
Achille Charles Louis Napoléon Murat (21 January 1801 - 15 April 1847)
Louis Napoléon Lannes (30 July 1801 – 19 July 1874)
Elise Oudinot (1801–1882)
1802
Marie Letizia Joséphine Annonciade Murat (26 April 1802 - 12 March 1859)
Alfred-Jean Lannes (11 July 1802 – 20 June 1861)
Napoléon Bessière (2 August 1802 - 21 July 1856)
Paul Davout (1802–1803)
Napoléon Soult (1802–1857)
1803
Marie-Agnès Irma de Pérignon (5 April 1803 - 16 December 1849)
Joseph Napoléon Ney (8 May 1803 – 25 July 1857)
Lucien Charles Joseph Napoléon Murat (16 May 1803 - 10 April 1878)
Jean-Ernest Lannes (20 July 1803 – 24 November 1882)
Alexandrine-Aimee Macdonald (1803–1869)
Sophie Malvina Joséphine Mortier de Trévise ( 1803 - ???)
1804
Napoléon Mortier de Trévise (6 August 1804 - 29 December 1869)
Michel Louis Félix Ney (24 August 1804 – 14 July 1854)
Gustave-Olivier Lannes (4 December 1804 – 25 August 1875)
Joséphine Davout (1804–1805)
Hortense Soult (1804–1862)
Octavie de Pérignon (1804-1847)
1805
Louise Julie Caroline Murat (21 March 1805 - 1 December 1889)
Antoinette Joséphine Davout (1805 – 19 August 1821)
Stephanie-Josephine Perrin (1805–1832)
1806
Josephine-Louise Lannes (4 March 1806 – 8 November 1889)
Eugène Michel Ney (12 July 1806 – 25 October 1845)
Edouard Moriter de Trévise (1806–1815)
Léopold de Pérignon (1806-1862)
1807
Adèle Napoleone Davout (June 1807 – 21 January 1885)
Jeanne-Francoise Moncey (1807–1853)
1808: Stephanie Oudinot (1808-1893) 1809: Napoleon Davout (1809–1810)
1810: Napoleon Alexander Berthier (11 September 1810 – 10 February 1887)
1811
Napoleon Louis Davout (6 January 1811 - 13 June 1853)
Louise-Honorine Suchet (1811 – 1885)
Louise Mortier de Trévise (1811–1831)
1812
Edgar Napoléon Henry Ney (12 April 1812 – 4 October 1882)
Caroline-Joséphine Berthier (22 August 1812 – 1905)
Jules Davout (December 1812 - 1813)
1813: Louis-Napoleon Suchet (23 May 1813- 22 July 1867/77)
1814: Eve-Stéphanie Mortier de Trévise (1814–1831) 1815
Marie Anne Berthier (February 1815 - 23 July 1878)
Adelaide Louise Davout (8 July 1815 – 6 October 1892)
Laurent François or Laurent-Camille Saint-Cyr (I found two almost similar names with the same date so) (30 December 1815 – 30 January 1904)
1816: Louise Marie Oudinot (1816 - 1909)
1817
Caroline Oudinot (1817–1896)
Caroline Soult (1817–1817)
1819: Charles-Joseph Oudinot (1819–1858)
1820: Anne-Marie Suchet (1820 - 27 May 1835) 1822: Henri Oudinot ( 3 February 1822 – 29 July 1891) 1824: Louis Marie Macdonald (11 November 1824 - 6 April 1881.) 1830: Noemie Grouchy (1830–1843) —————— Children without clear birthdays:
Camille Jourdan (died in 1842)
Sophie Jourdan (died in 1820)
Additional remarks: - Marshal Berthier died 8.5 months before his last daughter‘s birth. - Marshal Oudinot had 11 children and the age difference between his first and last child is around 32 years. - The age difference between marshal Grouchy‘s first and last child is around 43 years. - Marshal Lefebvre had fourteen children (12 sons, 2 daughters) but I couldn‘t find anything kind of reliable about them so they are not listed above. I am aware that two sons of him were listed in the link above. Nevertheless, I was uncertain to name them in my list because I thought that his last living son died in the Russian campaign while the website writes about the possibility of another son dying in 1817. - Marshal Augerau had no children. - Marshal Brune had apparently adopted two daughters whose names are unknown. - Marshal Pérignon: I couldn‘t find anything about his daughters, Justine, Elisabeth and Adèle, except that they died in infancy. - Marshal Sérurier had no biological children but adopted Marguerite-Félécité Desprez in 1814. - Marshal Marmont had no children. - I found out that marshal Saint-Cyr married his first cousin, lol. - I didn‘t find anything about marshal Poniatowski having children. Apparently, he wasn‘t married either (thank you, @northernmariette for the correction of this fact! c:)
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clansbeforetime · 7 months
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Happy Fossil Day!
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National Fossil Day is an annual celebration held to highlight the scientific and educational value of paleontology and the importance of preserving fossils for future generations. - National Park Services
As we are a server who bases our lore very heavily on fossils, from the prehistoric environment down to our characters, the saber-toothed cats, we thought we’d hop in and celebrate this day with some fun facts about fossil animals you could possibly encounter here in the Baobab!
Deinotherium
The heavy-weight representative of TuskClan’s megafauna is colloquially known as simply “The Elephant”, though you may be quick to spot that these are no modern-day African Elephants. Instead, the proboscideans that you’d encounter out on the savanna are based on the famous extinct genus of DeinotheriumI, a close relative of modern elephants. They are known for their distinct tusk-shape, curving downwards instead of the modern elephants outward tusk!
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An artistic reconstruction of the species D. bozasi
Caluma Benovskyi
Chameleons are some of the most recognizable reptiles on the planet, known for their prehensile tails and independently mobile eyes. Not much is known of the fossil chameleons of Africa, but there have been discoveries that show that there were indeed these funky little reptiles climbing around SunClan’s forests, changing colors to try and hide from even the most observant saber.
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an artistic reconstruction of Caluma Benovskyi
Euthecodon
Out in the waters of BevyClan, especially in the crocodile lake, you’re likely to find yourself face-to-snout with one of the fiercest archosaurs left on the planet, the crocodile. The genus Euthecodon comprise of three species of long-snouted crocodiles, these beasts appear to have convergently evolved their signature snouts with modern-day gharials, and had originally been thought to have been an ancestor of the croc-cousins, though research has more heavily suggested that BevyClan is indeed home to true crocodiles.
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photo taken at a zoo in the Netherlands, of the Euthecodon’s closest living relative, Mecistops
Alongside these fun fossil creatures, sabers in the baobab clans have found some unique collectibles today, be it strange bugs in tree-sap in SunClan's fallen trees, ridged shells in the cub islands of BevyClan, or odd reptilian teeth in TuskClan's sand dunes! Maybe doing a bit of research could help our sabers understand what the world was like before they were in it, and what the Baobab region looked like many moons ago....
Sources and fun extra reads!
Black, Riley. “An Extinct “Anchor-Tusked” Proboscidean.” Science, 24 July 2009, www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/an-extinct-anchor-tusked-proboscidean.
“Calumma Benovskyi, a New Fossil Chameleon from Kenya.” Www.chameleons.info, www.chameleons.info/l/calumma-benovskyi-a-new-fossil-chameleon-from-kenya/. Accessed 11 Oct. 2023.
Čerňanský, Andrej, et al. “The Only Complete Articulated Early Miocene Chameleon Skull (Rusinga Island, Kenya) Suggests an African Origin for Madagascar’s Endemic Chameleons.” Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 1, 10 Jan. 2020, p. 109, www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-57014-5, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-57014-5.
commondescentpc. “Episode 66 – Elephants.” The Common Descent Podcast, 28 July 2019, commondescentpodcast.com/2019/07/27/episode-66-elephants/. Accessed 11 Oct. 2023.
“Euthecodon.” Wikipedia, 17 Mar. 2023, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthecodon. Accessed 11 Oct. 2023.
Hitchcock, Edward. Elementary Geology: By Edward Hitchcock. Google Books, M. H. Newman & Company, 1847, books.google.com/books?id=dZiyAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA154&dq=dinotherium+++bank+++anchor&ei=-bFpSu_sCJKOyASrnpWgBA#v=onepage&q&f=false. Accessed 11 Oct. 2023.
“National Fossil Day (U.S. National Park Service).” Www.nps.gov, www.nps.gov/subjects/fossilday/index.htm. Accessed 11 Oct. 2023.
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rom-e-o · 5 months
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Ebenezer & Constance - Relationship Timeline
Mostly for my reference because WOW, there are lots of dates. I’m also horrible at math.
CLASSICAL
Ebenezer – Born Feb. 7, 1794
Constance – Born April 30, 1806
MODERN!AU
Ebenezer – Born Feb. 7, 1973
Constance – Born April 30, 1985
Dec. 24, 1843 or 2022 – Three spirits come on Christmas Eve to haunt Ebenezer Scrooge into redemption, just in time for his 50th birthday in a few months.
Dec. 24, 1844 or 2023 – Constance and Ebenezer meet for the first time in London. He is 50, and she is 38.
Jan. 1, 1844 or 2023 – Orin consents to a divorce, and Constance remains in London to work in Scrooge and Cratchit’s counting house as their new clerk. Ebenezer and Constance begin courting immediately.
July 10, 1844 or 2023 – In the heat of summer, Ebenezer proposes to Constance after six months of officially dating/courting. In both versions, this is done via a romantic picnic in the countryside. Constance is 39 years old, Ebenezer remains 50.
March 3, 1845 or 2024 – Ebenezer and Constance are married come spring. The ceremony is held at his private home (classical) or the Brunswick House in London (modern). Ebenezer is now 51; Constance is 39.
Nov. 20, 1845 or 2024 – Starla DoGoode-Scrooge is born! Constance is now age 40.
August 23, 1846 or 2025– Twins Sherry DoGoode-Scrooge and Robert DoGoode-Scrooge are born! Constance is 41, Ebenezer is 52.
May 4, 1847 or 2026 – Daisy DoGoode-Scrooge is born! Constance is 42, Ebenezer is 53.
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karen-anti-r-cml · 1 year
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April 24, 2023: Rep Zooey Zephyr, Montana State Democratic Representative who just happens to be a Transgender Woman has been Forbidden from Participating in Debates by republican-confederate maga loyalist for 3 Days in a row
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This is not simply R-CML talking over Her or ignoring Her
The R-CML Voted for a 3rd Time to Continue Subjecting Zephyr to a Gag Order, Denying Her the chance To Speak.
But
This time Her Supporters were there and They Started Chanting “Let Her Speak!” from the Gallery.
It's important to note Her Supporters Who Were There, Were the PEOPLE of Montana who just Elected Her to Represent Them, Not Only in D.C., but also In Montana.
The republican-confederate maga loyalist Led House Denied PEOPLE OF MONTANA THEIR VOICE!!!
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One CBS reporter wrote the PEOPLE'S Voices Were "Forcing legislative leaders [R-CML] to pause proceedings and clear the room."
But
Were the PEOPLE the cause, or was it a Group of FASCIST Silencing the Voices of PEOPLE Who Disagree With Them?
The PEOPLE Came to the House Peacefully, to Hear Their Representative Speak on Matters Important to Them.
The Democratic Way, Would've Been to Hear the Voice of the PEOPLE, Not to Send Armed Law Enforcement to Force The PEOPLE Out and Silence Their Voices
But
The R-CML Did Send Armed Law Enforcement To the Gallery Above the House Floor to Force Out PEOPLE Standing and Chanting "LET HER SPEAK"
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Seven, 7 PEOPLE Who Disagreed With the R-CML were Arrested for Criminal Trespass, Criminal Trespass For Chanting.
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Sheriff Leo C. Dutton said. The PEOPLE Arrested were going to be booked and released.
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Before the House Session began there was a Peaceful Rally to Show Support for Rep Zooey Zephyr
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The Capital Statue behind Her Supporter is Interesting to me, because it's depicting Union Brigadier General Thomas Francis Meagher, an Irish Immigrant who was a Famous Revolutionary in Ireland and a Loyal United States Citizen During The Civil War.
January 1847: Meagher, John Mitchel, William Smith O'Brien, and Thomas Devin Reilly formed The Irish Confederation.
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The Irish Confederation was for a National Parliament with Full Legislative and Executive Powers. The Founding was based on Principles of Freedom, Tolerance and Truth
Their goal was Independence for the Irish Nation from Britain and they held to any means to achieve that which were consistent with Honor, Morality and Reason.
July 1848: After a failed Rebellion that end The Irish Confederation Meagher Escaped, Came to the U.S. and Became a U.S. Citizen
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His Reason Given for Loyalty to the United States During the Civil War...
"It is not only our duty to America, but also to Ireland. We Could Not Hope to Succeed in our effort To Make Ireland a Republic Without the Moral and Material Support of the Liberty-Loving Citizens Of These United States."
Meagher had supported the South, but disagreed over the issue of slavery.
The republican-confederate maga loyalist seem to have Nothing I Common With Thomas Francis Meagher
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`1/
"Montana transgender lawmaker silenced again, backers protest"
"Montana transgender lawmaker silenced for third day; protesters interrupt House proceedings"
"Thomas Francis Meagher"
"Union Brigadier General/Politician Thomas Francis Meagher"
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vampiresavior2 · 1 year
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I posted 9,448 times in 2022
2,773 posts created (29%)
6,675 posts reblogged (71%)
Blogs I reblogged the most:
@madmansesprit
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I tagged 7,142 of my posts in 2022
Only 24% of my posts had no tags
#music - 783 posts
#shinee - 430 posts
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#tagged - 102 posts
Longest Tag: 129 characters
#b̶̘̒́͒́̍̆̍͂͋̍̈́͜a̵̛̼͎͓̪̩̲̖̬͆͂̍̽́̀͛͂͋̚͘̕͜͝͝ͅr̸̨̼̮̤͎͍̗̯̓̀͝ͅķ̴̥̼͚͕̬̱̱́͒͆͒̿͜͜ ̶̨̳̪̟̠̟̭̞̬̀͑b̷̡͈̲͚̲̃́̽̍̽a̷̫͚̯̳̘̠̽̈́́̈̍͂̈̓̓̒̈͝r̶̛͔̎̉̋͂̈́̕͠
My Top Posts in 2022:
#5
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HELLO???
433 notes - Posted October 5, 2022
#4
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taemin - advice (2021)
alexandre cabanel - fallen angel (1847)
504 notes - Posted January 23, 2022
#3
558 notes - Posted July 21, 2022
#2
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See the full post
951 notes - Posted February 16, 2022
My #1 post of 2022
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he’s so right
1,319 notes - Posted March 2, 2022
Get your Tumblr 2022 Year in Review →
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west-x-midwest · 2 years
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Today is both Salt Lake City and Detroit’s Birthday! I recently learned that Detroit was founded on July 24, 1701. Salt Lake City was founded July 24, 1847.
In Utah we celebrate July 24th as Pioneer Day; the Day in 1847 that the Mormon Pioneers entered the Salt Lake Valley. I want to acknowledge that enslaved people, “owned” by the Mormon Pioneers, actually entered the valley several days earlier to pave the way. Their names were Green Flake, Hark Wales and Oscar Smith. Despite growing up in Salt Lake City and educated by the Utah school system, this is a fact I did not know until this week (read more: https://www.sltrib.com/religion/2022/07/22/monumental-day-black-pioneers/). Non-Mormons celebrate Pie & Beer Day. To observe the holiday, and honor my two cities I got some Detroit made pie (crumble) and Michigan made beer (cider).
Happy Pie & Beer Day, Happy Pioneer Day, & Happy Birthday Detroit and Salt Lake City 🎉
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rabbitcruiser · 2 years
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After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young lead 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City on July 24, 1847.
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The Terror: When, How, Where... (PART 2)
See Part 1 here (ep 1 thru 5) See Part 3 here (Ep 10)
For Context I am trying to make a timeline with locations from The Terror. You will find here:
1. Probable location and coordinates
2. Probable date
3. Travel distance and speed
4. Death count
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List of Locations identified so far:
Location 1 - David Young's grave (71.22, -96.60) - Sept 5 1846
Location 2 - Ships Position September 1846 (70.25, -98.00) - Sept 12 1846
Location 3 - Ships Position June 1847 (70.15, -98.30) - May 24 to Jun 11 1847
Location 4 & 5 - The Cairn and the Ice Camp (69.66, -98.27) - May 28 1847
Location 6- The Ships in January 1848 (70.055, -98.59) - January 10th- 17th 1848 
Location 7- The Ships in April 1848 (69.88, -98.57) - April 22nd 1848 
Location 8 - Fairholmes' Last Resting Place (69.72, -98.35) - April 23rd 1848 
Location 9 - Terror Camp (69.644, -98.24) - April 24th-26th  1848 
Location 10 - Netsilik Massacre (69.62, -98.05) - April 25th 1848 
Location 11- Hodgson is found - Mutineers: (69.56, -98.06) - April 27th 1848 
Location 12 - Hodgson is found – Crozier (69.54, -98.14) - April 27th 1848 
Location 13 - Fitzjames Collapses (68.94, -98.79) - June 10th 1848 
Location 14 - Gibson's death (68.860, -98.73)  - June 27th 1848 
Location 15 - Fitzjames' Death (68.78, -98.21) - July 28th 1848 
Location 16 - The NorWest Passage (68.7, -98.06) - July 28th 1848
Location 17 - Hospital Camp (68.68, -97.74) - August 3rd 
Location 18 – Bridgens' death (68.70, -97.95) - August 10th 
Loocation 19 - It's Rat Meal Time (68.73, -97.99) - August 3rd 
Location 20 - Crozier Ambushed (68.67, -97.84) - Augsut 10th 
Known and historical locations are in blue
Proposed locations by Franklin Researchers in orange
Proposed locations by yours truly in pink
Historical locations but for which the show took liberties... in red
Analysis below the line
1927 Admiralty Map
Use this link ^ to see the Famous 1927 Admiralty Map
Matching the Show
Episode 6- A Mercy
This is it, folks! The LAST of the bottle episodes. Next one is going to make me go absolutely insane...
Location 6- The Ships in January 1848 (70.055, -98.4)
Date: January 10th 1848
Nighttime - 13h 01 min
Daylight - None
Twilight - 9h 59 min
Sunset: N/A- Sunrise: N/A
So! This episode is the beginning of trying to understand when and what the fuck is going on. :')
Timestamp declares it is January 1848
Following timestamp announces this is 2 weeks after Episode 5, which we put between December 14 and December 20 in Part 1 (will need to edit.. :') ). First proposed date: Between December 28 and January 3
Fitzjames tells us it's 1 week from Sunrise (17th Jan for that latitude) which brings our Second proposed date: January 10
Lady Jane's Christmas Pudding (Hear, Hear) was offered to the men the week before. So, either it was not served on December 25th or the Third proposed date is: January 1st.
Considering that 1. and 3. are undeniable, I must conclude that my assessment of the timeline for episode 5 in Part 1 was Incorrect It would, therefore, put the death of Blanky's leg closer to December 27th
I must also conclude that January 10th is our date for the beginning of the episode and that the pudding was served on Jan 6th for Epiphany rather than Christmas. (This seemed so important to me for some reason...)
Now! For Location!
In part 1, I used the proposed location from the 1927 admiralty map for the position of the ships in Sept 1846 and their position in May/Jun 1847 to calculate the travel speed of the ships drifting with the Pack. Which was about... 0.04 miles per day.
Considering that there is 232 days between May 24 1847 and Jan 10 1848, the ships would have drifted approx 9.3 miles SW from their summer position (Location 3 - 70.15, -98.30). and, now, I wanted to make an additional extrapolation from the known position in April 22nd but... well, you'll see that was more difficult than expected when we move on to episode 7 so... instead, we'll use that 9.3 Miles SW from May 24 1847, so, about near (70.055, -98.4).
To be noted that I tried to pinpoint Location 6 for my own litle fun because it is not that relevant. They're in the pack, that's it. Their position in April is much more interesting. Also to note, you'll see when I get to Location 7 that my proposition puts Location 6 closer to Location 3, which is counterintuitive considering that it would mean that the pack drifted much faster between Jan and April (3 months) than between June and Jan (6 months). I propose to revise Location 6 for a future edit of this fun rabbit hole. The 0.04miles a day for the pack drift may have been accelerated during the summer months (June to September), even without a full thaw. For future consideration...
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Thankfully, we remain in the vicinity of Location 6 for the next event so we don't have to go through all of THAT again... :')
Date: January 16th to January 17th 1848
Nighttime - 12h 34 min
Daylight - 34 min
Twilight - 9h 52 min
Sunset: 12:01 pm- Sunrise: 11:27 am
Jacko dies of lead poisoning
Carnivale goes up in flame and we're all sad.
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For the Death Count, now...
Lt. Irving gives us a count of 116 men onboard the ships
This sounds inexact... At the end of December, by my count, we had 121 men still "alive" on the expedition (22 Officers and 99 men). 8 of those are on a vacation in the Fairholme party (Not counted as dead yet). This would mean we have 113 men on Terror and Erebus.
DEATH COUNT: 7 (Total: 13)
19 Officers and 95 Men remaining
To be Noted: The 3 dead officers I counted are the doctors and since no other officers names are mentioned, I assumed that was it... We will adjust when we get to VPN.
Episode 6- Horrible from Supper
There we go, folks! This is where I began to go absolutely INSANE trying to figure out all of this... Thank God this one is easy for the dates... and wow, I'm sure there is actually a paper for all that stuff somewhere out there but... I was either too lazy to find it and this is what I will die doing instead OR it's VERY obscure and I might as well do it myself...
ONWARD TO
Location 7- The Ships in April 1848 (69.88, -98.57)
Date: April 22nd 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 25 min
Twilight - 6h 35 min
Sunrise: 3:52 am Sunset: 9:16 pm
Departure from Ships
And now I'm going to go absolutely rabid about the location...
I have a problem and it might have to do with my lack of understanding of how coordinates work, which renders this whole post frustrating... The thing is... the thing is. The position given by Fitzjames on his amendment of the VPN is... I don't understand it... he says they landed at 69°37'42.0"N 98°41'00.0"W (69.63, -98.68) but then proceed in saying that they left the ships 5 Leagues NNW of the Cairn (Location 4 - 69.66, -98.27).
(See the summary map for episode 6)
Oh, Jimmy FitzJimmy... That... that's not a NNW-SSE line... :') It's also not 15 miles... Did they have different Latitudes in 1845? I would need to research...
So, anyway, I will, instead try to figure out what would be the location based on the 5 league (I expect this was an approximated distance) and here is my proposition for a rough Location 7 (69.88, -98.57 or 69°52'N, 98°34'W)
For comparison purposes, the position from the VPN will be identified in yellow in the summary map.
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Next Location: That would Location 8! Poor Lt Fairholmes party.
Location 8 - Fairholmes' Last Resting Place (69.72, -98.35)
Date: April 23th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 30 min
Twilight - 6h 30 min
Sunrise: 3:48 am Sunset: 9:18 pm
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For the date: They have not yet reached Terror Camp and it looked to be either very early in the morning or late at night. I will suppose late at night, which would make the landing at Terror Camp to be made the next day. If Fitzjames and Crozier went to deposit the VPN the same day they arrived at TC, then this would make it April 24th.
For the Location: They mention that Fairholmes made 18 miles from the position the ships were at in June 1847 (Location 3 - 70.15, -98.30) and they had to find themselves in the path of Crozier and Co, close to the coast. Now, 18 miles... they certainly did not make the calculation on top of their head. From Part 1, we know that Gore had to travel 33.5 miles to get from the Ships in Location 3 to the Cairn in Location 4. 18 miles would have been a little bit over half-way there. In next image, I traced the path from Location 3 to Location 4 and Location 7 to Location 4 and you'll see why this is confusing:
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Half-way from Location 3 to Location 4 would have been nowhere near to where Crozier and Co could have found Fairholmes. Maybe it wasn't as much as a straight line as I made it to be here or maybe Mr. Fitzjames is still confused about distances and Lat. Long position... Maybe I've been wrong this WHOLE TIME and they're counting in Nautical Miles and I'm about to throw my whole being out of the window.
Anyway, in order to preserve my Sanity, I will mark Location 8 at a very subjective position based on the flow of the episode rather than the information they gave... Now you understand why I became feral about this. Location 8 (69.72, -98.35) and that would be 30 miles from where the Ships were in June 1847...
Location 9 - Terror Camp (69.644, -98.24)
Date: April 24th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 40 min
Twilight - 6h 20 min
Sunrise: 3:42 am Sunset: 9:23 pm
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Date is given by the VPN - They arrive the day before going to Victory Point. Morfin dies.
For the Location, I would like to go back to our dear friend the 1927 Admiralty Map which identify where McClintock found the grave of Lt. J. Irving, a Camp and Many Relics. It is just slightly South East of Victory Point. Now, in the show, when Crozier and Fitzjames held hand, the first thing they saw was the Camp, vs when Gore climbed the ridge, he saw the Cairn.
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Either the show moved the camp a little bit closer to the shore or they "landed" at a southerner position than Gore did. Either way, I feel that for a couple miles between the two points, we can go with the historical marker. Also, for my sanity. I will therefore arbitrarily put Location 9 at 69.644, -98.24, about 2 miles from the Cairn and I feel that this is a good location for it.
Last Location for Horrible from Supper (dear Lord)
Location 10 - Netsilik Massacre (69.62, -98.05)
Date: April 25th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 50 min
Twilight - 6h 10 min
Sunrise: 3:37 am Sunset: 9:28 pm
Date: Same as the VPN (from Episode 8)
Location: Irving was assigned to go East by Lt. Little. Therefore, we'll sorta assume that it was a due East.
Now, when they split from Hodgson, Irving mentions that they are an hour before they are due before they are to return to Terror. Assuming that they would be on a hunting trip of 6 hours (this seems long but probably necessary considering they are starting to grow desperate for fresh supplies), this would make their split at the 2h mark and Irving went South. Assuming they may have walked another 15 minutes (they were due to turn back to where they split in 30 min), then we're up to 2h 15min away from camp.
They did not seem to be walking in any kind of fast pace, that they might have stopped on the way and that they are on an uneven ground and tired from hauling their sledge to TC, I will assume a steady pace of 2.5 miles per hour. This would put them a generous 5.6 miles away from TC. (To be checked with Hickey story next episode) and therefore, Location 9 is (69.62, -98.05)
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And with this, we are DONE for episode 7!
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DISTANCES AND TRAVEL:
Loc 7 to Loc 8
Travel time - 2 complete days (arrival eod)
Travel Distance: 10.6 NM / 12 miles / 20 km
Average Travel Speed - 6 miles a day
Travel Condition - Hauling Sledges and following a track - Pack is now littered with Seracs. This must have been gruesome - Comparable speed to Gore's Party.
Loc 8 to Loc 9
Travel time - 1 day
Travel Distance: 5.1 NM / 6 miles / 9.5 km
Average Travel Speed - 6 miles a day
Travel Condition - Hauling Sledges and following a track - High Ridge - Half distance on shale
Loc 9 to Loc 10
Travel Time - 2hours 15min
Travel Distance: 5.6 miles
Average Travel Speed - 2.5mph
Travel Condition: On foot, no heavy load, hunting - Not a straight line.
DEATH COUNT: 1 (Morfin) + 8 (Fairholmes) + 2 (Irving/Farr) (Total: 26)
14 Officers and 89 Men remaining
7 Men remaining on Ships
14 Officers and 82 men in Terror Camp
Episode 8 - Terror Camp Clear
Buckle up Buttercups, the horrors are coming...
So, first, let's do with the date. The next few movements are all the same date:
Date: April 25th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 50 min
Twilight - 6h 10 min
Sunrise: 3:37 am Sunset: 9:28 pm
What I want to figure out is the hour by hour of that day ahah
Location 4 -The Cairn (69.66, -98.27)
Crozier and Fitzjames deposit the famous VPN.
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Now, I could go on an on about how confusing the VPN was for me but I'll leave it at that... I would like to make the exercise of counting the dead men tho :)
Officers - 9
Franklin, Gore, Dr. Stanley, Dr. McDonald, Dr. Peddie, Fairholme, Hornby, 1 unnamed (Fairholme party or Carnivale)
Men - 15
Braine, Hartnell, Darlington, Morfin, Orren, Young, Torrington, Strong, Evans, Heather, Bryant, + 4 (Fairholme party or Carnivale)
So, as a note, that would not work because we have 7 deaths from the Carnival (4 named) and 8 from Fairholme (1 named) and I have only 5 unnamed left to make the VPN 24. *sigh*
MOVING ON
Location 9 - Terror Camp (69.644, -98.24)
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And then back to
Location 10 - Netsilik Massacre (69.62, -98.05)
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And THEN Back to
Location 9 - Terror Camp (69.644, -98.24)
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So let's see how much walking Crozier has made today from the beginning of the episodes: 11 miles!
1.3 miles from Cairn to TC
4.9 miles from TC to Location 10 (Bird's reach)
Now we know that the average man walks 3mph
Crozier would have spent maybe 45 minutes to walk back from the cairn with Fitzjames (making brotherhood and stuff)
And then he would have to pace himself for Blanky to follow to Location 10, so, perhaps 2mph. - 2h 30 min to make it to Location 10.
In total, Crozier would have walked at least 6h that day and 12.5 miles
If the hunting parties were sent out from 6 am, that would mean that Irving and Farr would have been murdered around 8h30. He needed time to do his business, maybe 10 minutes (what are the Netsilik doing in the meantime?) By the time that Hickey runs back and forth to get Hodgson, who had gone in another direction, we can assume another 30 min, it is now 9:10 am when the Netsilik are massacred. To go back to camp, I assume they would have walked at fast pace, dragging Irving and Farr on their sledge, they could have made it back in 1h 30min. It is now 10h40.
It looks like Fitzjames and Crozier went back as Hodgson was entering the camp again, or just about. so they would have left the Cairn at 10 am and they would have left the Camp for the Cairn maybe around 8 am.
SO!
Let's say there's a bit of shouting, going around, getting Irving on Goodsir's table... they leave to go BACK to Location 10 around 11 am and they reach it around 2:30 pm, make their 10 min investigation and then make their way back starting at 2:40 pm.
They are back just in time for supper around 5:20 pm.
Yep, they could have done all of that in one day. Which is EXACTLY what I wanted to check. What a trek...
Anyway, I think Hickey was scheduled to be hanged around 8pm. Good time to die.
DEATH COUNT: 32 + Pocock + 9 (unknown) (Total: 68)
61 Total remaining
7 Men remaining on Ships
40 with Crozier
11 Mutineers and 3 Reluctant (Hodgson, Goodsir, Diggle) (counted on the screen... and Golding who is going back and forth)
And now, before we go on to Episode 9, let's do an Interlude for how we're going to proceed moving forward:
How We Move Forward
Ok, here is what this section about:
So far, I've been using clues from the show and known historical facts to know where the Cold Boys were, how they got there and who was still around.
Now we enter absolute speculation.
on the subject of LOCATION
Yes, we have a fine map (thank you 1927 Admiralty Map) that let us know where all of the Franklin Artefacts had been found over the course of 75 years but y'all will soon understand when I say that this is where the show accuracy ends.
For one, the most recognizable spot for me is McClintock's Boat Place. And Welp! Maybe one could argue that it is where Hickey attempted his little fake ritual in Episode 10. To which I will answer: ah... probably not? But that is the ONLY scene that could make sense for McC's BP...
Then we have the two famous graves: Le VesconteOrHarry Goodsir and the Peglar Skeleton/Bridgens and we have to ask ourselves, how accurate did the showrunner /author wanted to be about the specific placement of these deaths... After all, a wasteland of shale is a wasteland of shale.
In anyway, I will go over each of the Locations from the 1927 map to try and match a potential scene.
On the subject of TIME:
Now, we no longer have the luxury of dates so we will need to rely on everything else to let us know of the passage of time.
Sunrise/Sunsets - Which will help us identify the overall months
Grooming - These men get beardy.
Health - Declination and recoveries
Travel speed - If locations are known, we can match the date if we suppose a travel speed.
On the subject of SURVIVORS:
I will not keep up with the count. We know they all died and the show did not actually keep track of them. There seem to be as many that left Terror Camp as there are when Peglar collapses. I was mostly interested in doing for episode 8 because I wanted to keep tab on how many left with Hickey, etc but it was just hell to manage for this part.
On the subject of GROUPS:
Now we have 2 groups, the Mutineers and the Frankliners (Crozier and Co). I assumed that Hickey was mostly following the Frankliners at a distance of 4-6 miles behind.
Now, we enter Hell.
Episode 9- The C, The C, The Open C
The episode opens on a known Location and date (thank God), Location
Location 9 - Terror Camp (69.644, -98.24)
Date: April 26th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 18h 01 min
Twilight - 5h 59 min
Sunrise: 3:32 am Sunset: 9:33 pm
They burn their dead.
I assumed this would be the next day because they're still gathering their deads. - Kinda brutal to ask them to walk the day after the attack.
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40 Frankliners
14 Mutineers
Location 11/12 - Hodgson is Found
Mutineers Location (11): (69.56, -98.06)
Frankliners Location (12): (69.54, -98.14)
Date: April 27th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 18h 01 min
Twilight - 5h 59 min
Sunrise: 3:32 am Sunset: 9:33 pm
This one is the first difficulty because we need to match a time, an intention and a speed.
First, I would like to propose that this is either the 26th again or the 27th and I will argue for the 27th.
We find Hodgson as he is so famished that he eats his own boot. We can suspect that he would, indeed, be very hungry after having ran through the night from the Tuunbaq. But he would have had supper the night before AND having been on three quarter rations since January. I, of course, have never been hungry enough to resort to eating my shoes but I imagine that if I was in Hodgson situation, I would keep the edible boots for as long as I can. Would he be hungry enough to start eating leather on the morrow of the attack, or more likely 2 days later?
Also, the frost bite on his cheeks suggest he's been outside for at least night.
Hickey and Co have been pulling their sledge, probably for the first couple of hours after Tuunbaq's attack. The difficulty here is to determine how long they would have gone without stopping and how far they would have walked. We've established previously that a sledge party would make, at good pace, 5 miles per day, assuming 4-6 hours of pulling with relays of the men, therefore, we could convene that 1.3 mph could be an acceptable speed for them who are fleeing from Tuunbaq with at least 1 reluctant puller (Goodsir) and 1 confused (Diggle)
We've also established that men on foot without sledges can go from twice to three times that speed. And I suspect that when Fitzjames declared 23 unknown, they actually scouted around the camp to find those men. If scouts were sent in the morning while they were gathering the dead, then they could have made a 2-3 miles search radius. If I was Hickey, I would have pushed for at least 3 hours that night to avoid detection (if we say that Hickey was scheduled to be hanged around 8pm, then they stopped at 11pm). So! in the night of the 25th, they are, at least 3 miles out of the camp.
Now that they are out of camp, they need to do 2 things: 1) Rest. They would not have been able to pick up the pace right back first thing in the morning. 2) Put more distance between themselves and the Frankliners. I suspect that they would have made only 4hours of pulling on the 26th, bringing us just about a whooping 7.8 miles out of Terror Camp.
Finally, it is impossible to detect what time of the day it is when they find Hodgson but looking at the tired look of the crew, maybe an hour in? That would be another 1 miles. So let's average that they found Hodgson after running 9 miles out of Terror Camp
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Now that we have a radius, let's talk about direction...
I think it is fair to say that Hickey would have followed the same route as Crozier, seeing that he specifically asked Gibson to take a map. But Crozier was going to follow the coast in case they saw leads. Would Hickey do the same?
3 more things to consider:
1. They left in the fog, without much visual clues to orient themselves. 2. They took the map but Hickey was hoping to get Hodgson on board for his navigational skills (or maybe that was BS, who knows).
3. Mid Episode 9, Tozer reports that the Frankliners are 6 miles AHEAD of them, even though Hickey left first. We'll revisit that later...
Now, on the subject of the third point, it is very possible that Hickey would have rested more often... I just think it's funnier to suggest that he spent the night going in the wrong direction and then just circled back to follow the Frankliners... They realised it when they sent Golding back to Crozier for spying.
So here's the 25th to 27th route I propose for Mr. Hickey:
Mr. Hodgson would have had wandered approx 5 miles SE of Terror Camp. (69.56, -98.06)
As for Crozier, well, I suggest they took this route starting on the 26th, making 5 miles per day and this is where they would be when Hodgson was found (69.54, -98.14), putting them 3 miles away from each group:
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Now!
The next scene is where it starts getting hazy and we need to get imaginative in how we account for time past.
In the next scene, we se ethe frankliners are struggling to pull their sledges. Blanky is limping badly and, then, Mr. Fitzjames collapses, complaining about the Heat.
Location 13 - Fitzjames Collapses (68.94, -98.79)
Date: June 10th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 24h
Twilight - None
Sunrise: N/A Sunset: N/A
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About the DATE:
Time indicator to consider:
The health of the crewman JFJ is sharing his boat with:
When we left Terror Camp, the sick tent was empty, except for Pocock. While the men where most likely not at the top of the health when they departed, no one was on the verge of dying. Looking at the crewman, he is not only sick, he is emaciated. A quick google search tells us that sickness can make one lose up to 5 pounds a week. Perhaps in, their condition, one could thinkthat the rate could be a bit higher, say... 6 lb? From the crew for which we have the information, we deduce that they were, on average, 5' 6'' so we can use that as a reference to suppose the weight of that sailor. If we assume a BMI borderline to underweight when leaving Terror Camp, we would have weight, maybe... 120 pounds?
Now, severely underweight would put him at 95 pounds, which would be a drop of 20 pounds. Assuming 6 lb, that would be a guesstimate of 3 weeks and a half for him to deteriorate... let's give them a chance and say a month and a half since Terror Camp.
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I think that's reasonable... JFJ didn't look great after the Tuunbaq attack but that shirtless scene proved that he was still quite fit.
About the Travel Speed:
See after Location 19
About the Location:
See after Location 19
Location 14 - Gibson's death (68.860, -98.73)
Date: June 27th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 24h
Twilight - None
Sunrise: N/A Sunset: N/A
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About the DATE:
Time indicator: Facial hair. Courtesy of not having much shaving available, the Mutineers are looking quite rugged. Let's discuss the hairiest: Mr. Goodsir and Lt. Hodgson.
Hodgson starts his time with the Mutineers with a 2 day shadows between his muttonchops. Same for Mr. Goodsir.
See Below the Before/After
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And now, huh... wow... that changes a man... I'd say this is looks to be about.. errr... medium beard? According to menhairstylestoday.com, this would take 1 to 2 months to grow at a rate of half an inch a month. Yeah, I can believe these are 2 month old beards. So, there!
Location? Speed travel? Well, I'll stop you right there.. I don't know yet.
Location 15 - Fitzjames' Death (68.78, -98.21)
Date: July 28th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 20h 50 min
Twilight - 3h 10 min
Sunrise: 2:11 am Sunset: 11:01 am
Time Indicator: More Hair. For this one, I will trust the hair because I somehow think the Frankliners would have kept themselves more groomed than the Mutineers.
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Taking the angle into account, this is, what... 1.5inch? 2 inch?
Hair can grow at about 0.5 in a month. So, 3 months since Terror Camp.
Time Indicator: Crews' health: It is very evident that they're all getting thinner, sicker but Fitzjames and (most surprisingly) his boat mate are still alive! Considering the risk of infection and the progression of scurvy... it can't have been more than a couple of weeks since Fitzjame's collapse but, not, like, the next day? Can a doctor please stand up for this?
Time Indicator: The amount of food left.
No. I will NOT go there. There's enough math being done wtf...
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Location 16 - The NorWest Passage (68.7, -98.06)
Date: July 28th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 20h 46 min
Twilight - 3h 14 min
Sunrise: 2:13 am Sunset: 10:58 am
Finally, finally! We have it! A Date, AND a location! :D Thank you Mr. Blanky!
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So, this is the day after JFJ's death, June 28th.
On Blanky's map, we can read known locations: McGillivray Bay, Pt. W. Smith... Congratulations Mr. Blanky :') You are a true hero.
Supposing he can see McGillivray Bay from where he sits, he would find the Passage at Location 16 (68.7, -98.06)
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And wow... does that make me feel like finding my own NW Passage, being able to reconnect all those lost locations from before :')
Back to location 15! Blanky would probably not have walked all that much, given he was in pain and only wanted to draw Tuunbaq to him and toward the Ice. I'd be generous and give him a good 5 miles before he had to sat down. From what Lt. Little reported before they had to stop for Fitzjames, the ice was to the west so we'll assume Mr Blanky walked south west while the party proceeded south east. This would put Location 15 at (68.78, -98.21)
Location 17 - Hospital Camp (68.68, -97.74)
Date: August 3rd
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 19h 33 min
Twilight - 4h 27 min
Sunrise: 2:48 am Sunset: 10:21 pm
Peglar collapses
See Location 17 reasoning for date of the camp
As for Position, well, we're just going to be a little off out of
Location 17 - Bridgens (68.70, -97.95)
Date: August 10th
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 18h21
Twilight - 5h 39 min
Sunrise: 3:23 am Sunset: 9:45 pm
Basically, we all agree that Bridgens is the Peglar Skeleton. Thank god I know where that is! Now, it is interesting that there was a paper published in 2022 about the real location of the Peglar Skeleton (assuming McClintock took his lat and long wrong) but since we are dealing with a 2018 show, we'll go with McClintock's account.(68.70, -97.95)
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Sweet, now, about the TIMING
Considering where Location 15 put us, we were quite near the point of collapse for Peglar. I think we could give them a two more days of pulling before it's poor Henry Peglar's turn. No other reason than having previously established that there is a MUCH slower pace now (News is courtesy of Lt. Little) and they left Fitzjames' grave roughly 10 miles from Bridgens' last sighting . I propose the timeline to be thus: Peglar collapse on August 3rd and dies on August 10th. He didn't look like he had wasted away very long. Bridgens immediately leave the party, travel a couple of miles and lay down to die. Has he is seen going in the direction Golding came from (the Mutineer's camp, North), I assume that the Hospital camp is now further south than where the Peglar Skeleton was found.
Loocation 18 - It's Rat Meal Time (68.73, -97.99)
Date: August 3rd
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 19h 33 min
Twilight - 4h 27 min
Sunrise: 2:48 am Sunset: 10:21 pm
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About the TIMING:
I suspect Hickey made Goodsir cut Billy the same day they pitched their tent, just to assure his dominance while so close to the Frankliners (6 miles out).
Cripse.... that would have been a 1 month old dead body to eat...
This gives us a location: (68.73, -97.99)
Now, the problem I am having is this... Night falls when Hodgson come to tell his little church story... There will be no dark sky until Mid to late August... so I am mostly going to believe that was only twilight.
Location 19 - Crozier Ambushed (68.67, -97.84)
Date: August 10th
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 18h21
Twilight - 5h 39 min
Sunrise: 3:23 am Sunset: 9:45 pm
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About the TIMING:
Bridgens lays down to die the day Crozier is taken. I don't think he moved from there.
About the Location: Close to Hospital camp, by the shore.
NOW HERE'S A THING TO MAKE YOU CONFUSED:
Sophia Cracroft found snow in London in August 1848?
Blanky was still waiting for the Tuunbaq after they pitched tents for Hospital camp?
I think these two scenes are just out of order and for dramatic effect: Basically pitching the fate of Crozier failing to save anyone.
SO! Now that we know where 99 days of walking (April 27th (Location 12) to August 3rd (Location 16 - Hospital camp)), we can average the pace of the walk.
First, let's establish some distances:
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About 100 miles, then! I would like to propose the following pace, to take account for the time passed and how tired the men would become. So this would be a decreasing pace and accounting for camping time due to weather (there should still be monstrous hail and blizzard until June), etc.
15 miles first miles at 3mph = 5 days
2 day of rest - 3 days of bad weather
20 miles at 2mph = 10 days
2 day of rest + 2 days of bad weather
25 miles at 1.5 mph = 20 days
3 days of rest + 3 days of bad weather
40 miles at 1mph = 40 days
3 days of bad weather + 6 days of rest
This would put Location 13 - Fitzjames Collapses 60 miles out of Location 12 (45 days travel time) around (68.94, -98.79), right next to Terror Bay :')
I'm also very happy that this would actually match the position of a camp and 2 graves from Halls and Schwatka's expedition! Sometimes I feel like I'm a genius but right now, I swear I'm just holding on for dear life...
and, if we assume that Hickey kept the pace with the Frankliners, this would put
Location 14 - Gibson's death 70 miles out of Location 11 (60 days travel time) around (68.860, -98.73)
Here's the summary Map for Ep 9:
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Conclusion: Episode 9 was a mess and this is 12 hours of work...
Part 3 will be for Episode 10.
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lboogie1906 · 20 days
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Prince Kwasi Boachi (April 24, 1827 – June 9, 1904) was a Prince of Asanteman who was sent to the Netherlands together with his cousin, Kwame Poku, in 1837, by his father, King Kwaku Dua Panin, to receive education part of larger negotiations between the Ashanti and the Dutch about the recruitment of Ashanti soldiers for the Dutch East Indies Army.
His father was the eighth King of the Asante Empire. During the era of the slave trade and after, many people left Africa for the Americas and Europe. He was part of the people who left the shores of Africa to study, while others were forced out of the continent. There was an agreement that was signed between Kwaku Dua I and King William I, that he was to return with his cousin, Kwame Poku after they were done with their studies. Kwame Poku did return to the Dutch Gold Coast as planned, he stayed in the Netherlands. He was trained as a mining engineer at the Delft Royal Academy, from which he graduated in 1847.
In July 1847, he lectured at the Freiberg Mining Academy (Technische Universitat Bergakademie) in Germany. During his studies, he stayed with Caroline Geudtner at Petersstrasse.
He was sent to the Dutch East Indies in 1850, where he found himself discriminated against by his superior, Cornelius de Groot van Embden, for which he received financial compensation in 1857. He became a member and correspondent for the Dutch East Indies again in 1871. As part of the compensation, he was awarded an estate in Bantar Peteh, south of Buitenzorg. He was a member of the Association of Civil Engineers which was later changed to the Association of Delft Engineers.
Dutch writer Arthur Japin has written a historical fiction novel based on the Boachi brothers’ lives, The Two Hearts of Kwasi Boachi, released in 1997. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence
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Angelitos Jumpers Party and Events Rentals
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millingroundireland · 7 months
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Jensen's folly and the proof of "No Irish Need Apply" [Part 2]
Continued from part 1. This post was originally published on WordPress in June 2018.
Looking on newspapers.com, I found 3,047,608 matches for the words "no Irish need apply," with even a story about it in the Buffalo paper, The Weekly Economist, in 1843. Now, not all of those portended to ads. [2] Narrowing the search, covering the years of 1800 to 1860, I brought the total to about 113,000. The latter number may be inflated due to false drops since quoting the phrase itself only brings up 158 results, extending it to 1900 gives you about 1,400 results, over 60 of which are listed below. I also got some sources from the Library of Congress's Chronicling America collection of old newspapers, which are included in the below listing of varied ads.
1820s
June 29, 1828 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post
July 24, 1828 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post
August 8, 1828 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post
September 11, 1828 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post
October 8, 1828 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post
June 8, 1829 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post
June 19, 1829 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post
June 23, 1829 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post
October 27, 1829 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post
1830s
April 29, 1830 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post, related to the one a few days before
New York Herald attacks No Irish Need Apply adverts on July 30, 1830
1840s
May 18, 1841 ad in the New York City paper, New York Tribune
August 24, 1842 ad in the New York City's New York Tribune
February 7, 1844 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
January 7, 1847 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
April 23, 1847 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
November 4, 1847 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
January 25, 1848 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
October 28, 1848 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
July 16, 1849 ad in the New York City paper, New York Herald, reprinted from days before
1850s
February 25, 1850 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger 
March 11, 1850 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger 
August 6, 1850 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger 
January 13, 1851 ad in the New York City's New York Tribune
February 5, 1851 ad in the Baltimore Sun
March 13, 1851 ad in the New York Daily Herald
April 22, 1851 ad in the Baltimore Sun
July 24, 1851 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
December 31, 1851 ad in the Baltimore Sun, accompanied by another saying they are looking for someone who is white, but not Irish, as a cook
April 13, 1852 ads (top and bottom of image) in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
May 14, 1852 ad in New York City's New York Tribune
June 21, 1852 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
August 26, 1852 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
October 11, 1852 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
December 31, 1852 ad in the New Orleans paper, The Times-Picayune
June 22, 1853, the Lancaster Ledger reports that the New York Herald is being sued for libel for attaching "no Irish may apply" to one of its ads, which the Ledger calls "queer"
June 2, 1853, the New York Herald criticizes "No Irish Need Apply" ads
July 30, 1853 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
February 19, 1854, the New York Herald talks about their ""No Irish Need Apply" advertisers"
March 30, 1854 ad in the Baltimore Sun
October 6, 1854 ad in the West Virginia paper, the Wheeling Daily Intelligencer
April 21, 1855 ad in the Freehold, New Jersey paper, the Monmouth Inquirer
May 18, 1855 ad in Baltimore Sun
September 18, 1855 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
October 17, 1855 ad in the Washington, D.C. Evening Star, likely related.
March 28, 1856 ad in the Baltimore Sun
February 14, 1857 ad in the New York Times
December 7, 1857 ad in New Orleans paper, The Times-Picayune
April 20, 1857 ad in the Baltimore Sun
March 20, 1858 ad in the New York Times
August 17, 1858 ad in the Baltimore Sun
October 1, 1858 ad in the Baltimore Sun, reprinted on October 2 and 4, at least
October 13, 1858 ad in New York Times
May 10, 1859 ad in the New York Times
September 21, 1859 ad in the New York Times
1860s
March 29, 1860 ad in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle
April 3, 1860 ads (here and here) in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
June 8, 1860 ad in the Baltimore Sun, related is ad the day before
August 6, 1860 ad in the Cincinnati Daily Press
August 25, 1860 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger
Ad and comment in Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg General Advertiser (Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania) on March 12, 1864
© 2018-2023 Burkely Hermann. All rights reserved.
Notes
[2] This is apart from mentions of it in 1878 to counter such sentiment (and in 1864), the Guardian (see here, here, here, and here), the Liverpool Mercury in 1854 (here and here), 1855 (also see here, here, here, ), 1857, 1858, 1859, and 1863, along  with other mentions in English papers in 1844, 1847, and 1856. A comedy, in the 1850s, was even produced on this subject! In all, there are over 105,000 results for England alone, over 9,000 for Scotland, over 8,000 for Ireland, over 5,000 for Northern Ireland, over 4,700 for Australia, over 1,500 for Wales and almost 1,000 for Canada.
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ultraheydudemestuff · 8 months
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Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad Bridge
Willis St.        
Bedford, OH 44146
Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad Bridge, a stone viaduct across Tinker’s Creek Gorge in Bedford, Ohio, has been referred to by a few other names, including the Bedford Viaduct and the Tinker’s Creek Bridge. It was built during the midst of the American Civil War in 1864, replacing the original wooden truss bridge, which opened in 1852.  The massive stone structure is 225 feet long and towers 120 feet above Tinker’s Creek. The first railroad to serve the city of Cleveland was the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, which was organized on March 14, 1836.   It was created by businessmen under the original name Cleveland, Warren, and Pittsburgh Railroad with the intention to connect Cleveland, the Ohio River, and Pittsburgh. Due to financial windfalls, however, the railroad was reorganized and dropped Warren from its name in 1845.  
     The carefully selected route soon became one of the nation’s heaviest used, carrying iron ore from docks on Cleveland’s lake front to the mills of Pittsburgh. It took a number of years to connect the two cities, however. On March 23, 1847, a plea for public-supported money proved fruitful when, the following April, Cleveland voters approved to give $200,000 towards the further construction of the railroad. It eventually reached Hudson three years later and Pittsburgh a few more years after that. On March 4th, 1852, a train consisting of the mayor of Cleveland and the City Council celebrated as it arrived in Wellsville, a small village along the Ohio River in Columbiana County, Ohio.
    In order to provide stability for the new rail lines and heavier locomotives and cargo, the Viaduct was eventually altered in 1901-1902 when the railroad company decided to fill in the land below the old viaduct with a massive amount of fill added in the effort to make two tracks cross the valley at this point. The creation of the large landfill embankment resulted in the covering of one of the bridge’s arches as well as the lower portions of all the piers in 1901-1902. In order to keep Tinker’s Creek flowing, the company also built a mammoth engineering marvel known as the “Arch” below the viaduct and landfill.
     The bridge is currently abandoned but is an integral part of the new Bedford Viaduct Park (named after the bridge), part of the Cleveland Metroparks. It was placed with the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on July 24, 1975. A new deck and railings were added allowing park visitors to walk the bridge and gain access to some great views of the creek. Considering the bridge is the anchor of a Metropark, and the recent rehabilitation that added railings, a new deck, stairs and abutment, the future of the bridge seems pretty secure for the time being.      
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