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alexyar · 4 years

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hello #mathema, grumpy dusty elitist bitch is back, missed me? euler identity is still overrated, most diversity efforts in math are still bad, what else was there...? category theory should not be taught to anyone who doesn’t have at least a basic understanding of algtop and alggeo...damn i’m getting old, what were the greatest hits?

#mathema

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thousandmaths · 7 years

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Talk with Mark Skandera

At one of the equivariant combinatorics workshop lunches, I got to talking with Mark Skandera, who I knew from a seminar talk last semester. I thought he had some interesting insights about the process of doing and learning math, which I'd like to share.

The quotes (both blockquotes and inline) are somewhat paraphrased, as I wasn't taking notes for this conversation ;) but I tried to capture the spirit of what he said.

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We got started on this line of conversation because he was asking me about my coursework and I mentioned being unsure of how tenure track+ faculty, with so much pressure to publish and a lot of responsibilities that infringe even on that, manage to learn anything new. It certainly cannot be the way that I currently learn, which, while enjoyable and seemingly pretty effective, is a painstakingly slow process that would be a lot harder to justify considering the time could be spent doing research.

This was his answer:

One way that you can learn new material is by teaching a topics course on a topic you don't know. You're basically committing to taking an oral exam three days a week. You learn it real well that way.

But despite the jokes, he agreed that this was a systemic problem with the incentive scheme in academia. It would be better in the long run, perhaps, if there were some way for tenure committees to take into account the time you spent broadening the scope of your study.

This got us onto the track of undervalued work in math, and in particular the idea of creating good homework problems. People don't usually create original homework problems for Calculus courses, since there are already so many good-or-at-least-passable problems out there in the textbooks: you just run your finger down and pick out a decent selection.

Of course, such databases are less readily available for higher math topics, and at some point they don't really exist at all. He mused on the idea of “creating an Easy Problem Database”, having simple exercises in a wide variety of undergraduate-plus math topics.

The easiness of the problems isn't optional: “Easy problems are really important.”. For instance, when we're taking a Calculus class we spend tons of time doing easy problems. It's common in math circles to see lots of eye rolling about how we spend too much time doing easy problems. But “hard problems test whether you have understood certain material; easy problems provide understanding of that material.”. And think about the result: when someone says 'the derivative of a function', we all have a very strong feeling for what that means— though the definition of the derivative is by no means a simple thing!

He mentioned a specific application that he would be particularly interested in:

…a book just going through everything at a really basic level about projective space. Plotting points, lines, intersections, functions, that kind of thing.

So, like, a McGraw-Hill-esque “Projective Algebra I” >.<

I’m not totally convinced that this doesn’t exist. If anybody knows of such a book, please let me know. I’d be interested and I’m sure he would, too :)

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As a postlude of sorts, a rather more topic-specific bit:

This lunch was just after Remmel's fourth lecture about symmetric functions, in which he described something called plethysm notation. Both of us had some trouble understanding what the whole thing was about, and Skandera casually mentioned that if he could get the plethysm notation cleared up, that would make the whole school worthwhile. I haven't encountered a desperate need for plethysm in my own studies, but the school was a whole week of time, plus expenses— I'd say that's a pretty heavy statement!

#math #maths #mathematics #mathema #learning #teaching #i guess #back to basics

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gronglegrowth · 4 years

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Icosis-Mathema, drawn really badly but this is basically him as he will appear in the comic

#my art #tes #95th landfall season #thalmor #altmer #nalihhidroth #masser #i feel like dying i should go to bed now

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crystalracing · 5 years

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The Finn hesitated momentarily. Had he heard correctly? Best sit and wait. His co-driver repeated the instruction. And that's how a rally car ended up being driven straight through the middle of a traffic roundabout.

No sooner had the Opel bumped up the first kerb than the co-driver turned in amazement and asked what on earth was going on. The driver was equally baffled."You told me," he says. "You said: 'Go straight across the roundabout'. I went straight across."

The names don't matter, and the driver didn't suffer too much from this early communication hiccup. He went on to become a world champion. In a rally car, the driver drives and the co-driver does just about everything else.

Motorsport is packed with unsung heroes and co-drivers are right up there with the best of them. Regularly and ridiculously seen as frustrated drivers, the men and women who sit in the seat without a wheel are a breed apart; it takes a very special kind of character to become the best in the world at telling the person to the side of you where to go. And how quickly to get there.

If you want an insight into the character of a co-driver, take this simple test. Next time you're being driven, perhaps looking for a junction on an unfamiliar road, try reading a text message at the same time; write yourself a shopping list; change station on the radio; write a reply to that text message; and ask the person chauffeuring you to ask any number of inane questions to which you are expected to know the answer immediately.

The ability to multi-task is fundamental for co-drivers. If focusing solely on the task in hand is your forte, forget it. You'll be better as a driver.

Stripped back to the basics, there are two main elements to the co-driver's job: ensuring the car reaches the stages on time and then reading pacenotes on the stages themselves.

"That's the easy bit," says Paul Nagle, the man who has co-driven Kris Meeke to all five of their world rally wins. "The real work, the really important stuff is done before we even get to the start of the event."

It's called the recce. Depending on the length of the rally, two or three days before the start, the crew drives all the competitive sections twice at a maximum speed of 50mph to write the crucial pacenotes. The co-driver will read these back when they're in the rally car, often travelling at twice the speed they managed in the recce.

"If you make a mistake on the recce, you will be found out on the rally," says Nagle. "That's why it's so important to get the notes written first time through - then you've got that second pass on the recce to double check them and make changes if they're needed. Kris will make changes on that second pass if he feels he's noted a corner too slow or too quick - he'll do that when we're competing as well."

Listen carefully to the onboards and you'll sometimes hear the driver say: "Put a minus on that" or "stick a 'nips' on the end there". A minus would instruct the driver to lift slightly ahead of the apex, while 'nips' indicates a corner tightening slightly at the exit.

This is where multi-tasking comes in: you're reading the current note and looking along or down the page for the next one, readying yourself to deliver that, when a voice in your ear tells you to change the previous one. And this can be happening at 120mph when you're six feet in the air between the trees or being thoroughly shaken around as you rip through a super-quick section on asphalt.

"If it's a simple change I'll make it," says Nagle, "but if we're in the middle of a technical section then I'll put a mark by the note and double-check it with Kris as soon as we've finished the stage."

Changing the notes entirely is a reasonably rare occurrence at the highest level.

"We've got the recce down to a fairly fine art," says Meeke. "We have a routine that works for us. Obviously if we're going to a new rally - such as Turkey this year - then we're making notes from scratch and that's a slightly different process. In places like Mexico, the stages don't change much year-on-year, so at those events we're evolving the notes that we used the previous year."

Robert Reid won the 2001 world championship with Richard Burns and well remembers rewriting notes.

"There were some places that, looking at the map, you'd think hadn't changed at all," says Reid, "but then you get in to the recce and the road could be quite different. This would happen in some of the stages in south Wales, when Rally GB was based out of Cardiff.

"From one year to the next the logging trucks might need a road widening; so by the time we got there for the rally, what had been, say, a set of medium-speed corners might have been straightened out with a wider road. You'd rewrite all of that."

When you see co-drivers reading, writing or rewriting, it looks like they're using a regular spiral-bound notebook. Generally speaking, they're not. The professionals are pretty much all using books handmade on a farm in Lancashire by one-time BTRDA Gold Star Rally champion Martin Meadows and his wife Helen. Meadows' brother is John - former Mitsubishi works co-driver - and the Safari specialist was fundamental to what has become something of a cottage industry.

"I was with John after one rally and he was telling me how bad the pacenote books were," says Martin Meadows.

"We were talking to Ian Grindrod, who was co-driving Henri Toivonen at the time, and he agreed. I said to them, 'I'm a graphic designer, tell me what you want and I'll put it together'. It started from there. We made some, worked on them and improved them, but really the books haven't changed for the last 30 years."

Dan Barritt, the winning co-driver at last year's Wales Rally GB, wouldn't consider reading from or writing in anything other than one of Meadows' books.

"They're sort of the industry standard," he says. "I know a lot of co-drivers had input into making them what they are. To all intents and purposes, it's a notepad, but it just works and it feels normal when you're using them."

What is it that makes this book work? The paper, for a start, is just the right weight and shade.

"It's the paper HM Government and the banks use for their forms," explains Meadows.

The binding is the other key feature, with its rather tortuous-sounding 'twist and remove spine'.

"When you do the recce," says Meadows, "you don't necessarily do the stages in the order of the rally's actual itinerary; you don't always do stage two before stages three. Previously, you would make the notes and then copy them out to make sure they flowed in rally order. Co-drivers like to have the stages for a specific loop or day in one book - there's less chance of losing them.

"Copying notes can be fraught with risk. A co-driver is usually doing that job at the end of the day of recce, so they're quite tired and it's easy to get distracted and miss a note out.

"What John and Ian wanted was a ring binder-type set-up where you could slot pages in and out - that's where the removable spine came from; you can take the spine out and reorder the pages as you want. Another key is the strength of the spine. We've worked to find one that's really strong - it doesn't bend or deform, which means the pages will always turn.

"These might sound like really small things, but sport at world championship level is all about chasing tiny percentages and that's what this is about. We could make the whole thing a bit cheaper, but it would be noticed straight away - the consequences of not being able to turn a page cleanly when you're flat out could be pretty serious. That's why we've continued to make every book by hand. We know it's done properly."

In a discipline that's so driven by pushing technological boundaries, it's remarkable that such a key element of rallying - the business of delivering the vital route information between co-driver and driver - remains so basic.

Surely, in this modern era, with the continued advances in satellite navigation, it would be possible to find a solution that betters what's been around since the sport's very beginning?

Companies have tried sat-nav-based systems for delivering notes, but it just doesn't work. Co-driving is such a nuanced craft, even in an ever-changing environment, that it's almost impossible to see the pencil (which has to be 2B, since the lead offers a perfect range of shade) and paper being replaced.

"Writing pacenotes is still a very personal thing," says Meadows. "People have thought of trying to computerise the process or using an iPad, but it's just not quite the same. There's almost some emotion involved in the thing.

"For example, quite often a co-driver will use an exclamation mark to note caution, but if there's something really bad coming up, then each co-driver will have their own little way of making it clear, be that pushing harder on the pencil to darken an underline or something like that.

"You need to be in the moment and in the recce to let that emotion and feeling flow into the notes. You just wouldn't get the same from sitting at a laptop typing them out."

The non-competitive time-keeping side of the job - the getting of the cars to the stages on time - will change. Currently each crew is given a set of time cards complete with boxes to be filled in when the car is checked in to each control. The time to the next control is still totted up in the co-driver's head, to ensure they arrive on the allocated minute. Failure to do so will result in penalties added to their accumulated stage times.

For those who find keeping track of time a bit of a nightmare, salvation isn't far away. Numerous companies are working on systems that will work by tapping a card (think of a hotel keycard) at each control. This will beam the data to the organisers and to a control unit in the car.

A co-driver's reliance on advanced mathematics was lessened greatly by the introduction of Fastime Copilote Rally Watch. Developed - again with input from co-drivers - by former Subaru and Toyota sporting director George Donaldson and accountant and rally enthusiast Robert Thacker, the watch is another brilliant British contribution to the art of co-driving.

The co-driver loads road timing into the watch and is then given a countdown to the scheduled arrival time in the next control. Once there, the watch requests the next time and the process rolls on. The watch also stores stage times, compares them with the competition, and also tells the time.

When it comes to writing notes, there are two schools of thought in terms of putting the code on the page: horizontal or vertical. Reid started writing across the page, but ultimately followed the lead of Michele Mouton's co-driver Fabrizia Pons.

"If you write the notes horizontally then you could end up with four or five lines of notes," says the Scot, "whereas if you write vertically you get two columns. When you're calling notes, you want to make the process of reading them is as easy and straightforward as possible.

"For me, reading down two columns worked better than across five rows. It's also easier to move your thumb down each note as you read it - so if you happen to look up, when you look down you know exactly where you are."

Reid's left thumb came in even more useful on the 2001 Rally GB - the event where he and Burns were crowned champions.

Reid remembers: "Richard and I had just left service when I reached over my shoulder to turn on the map-reading light that should have been there. We were only allowed the map light in the car when we were going into night stages - such was designer Christian Loriaux's obsession with keeping the car's weight to an absolute minimum [when Loriaux moved to Ford, he took this a step further and only allowed co-drivers to carry one pencil in the car with them].

"Anyway, the light wasn't there and Richard and I were about to go into two stages in Brechfa in the dark. I always carried a Maglite in my bag, so I tie-wrapped that to my left thumb, turned it on and read the notes with that."

The ability to think clearly and remain calm under the ultimate pressure is vital. You've got to be ready for anything - as 2003 world champion Phil Mills testifies.

"Petter Solberg and I were competing in the Cyprus Rally one year," he says. "We were going through a stage and everything was fine, next minute there was a bit of a fuss in the car and a bird came in through the roof vent. In those kind of instances, your actions are really instinctive."

Without missing a beat, or a note, Mills grabbed the bird - which had already met its end after bumping into the Subaru - and dropped it into the footwell. But feeling the pace and direction of the car is what sets the good apart from the great.

"You get that feeling through the seat of your pants," says Colin McRae's co-driver Nicky Grist. "Without looking up, you know where you are from what the car is doing. It takes a while, but it becomes instinctive."

The one thing that upsets that rhythm in the car is fog. Scott Martin remembers some nervous moments guiding Craig Breen through an especially foggy Aberhirnant in Wales last year.

"You're totally focused on reading the notes," says Martin, "but you're subconsciously prepared for what the car's going to do. When you call a hairpin, you know when you're going to be pressed into the belts.

"But in the fog, it's so strange. I didn't even know we were into the fog and I'd called some quick corners when I felt Craig lifting and braking. You think: 'What's going on? Have I got it wrong? Where are we?' You look up and you just can't see a thing."

It's in the fog where the level of detail in notes really shows up. McRae, for example, used a gear-linked numeric system where a six right would mean a very fast sixth-gear right-hander. The 1995 world champion liked to keep things simple and so added in very little detail around those numbers.

Burns, by contrast, used a far more descriptive system and would regularly make three corners out of one.

"Richard liked a very accurate description of where the car had to be on the road," says Reid. "There was quite a lot to say in our notes - but it definitely helped in the fog."

Nowhere was this seen more obviously on the 1997 Rally GB, when Burns dominated a foggy Radnor stage, taking 1m33s out of McRae in 10 miles.

"Even in the fog, driving pretty much blind, Richard knew what was coming because of the detail in the notes," says Reid.

It's in those trying conditions that a good co-driver will know when to chivvy their partner. Not that this sort of advice is always welcome. Markko Martin was a driver who always struggled in the fog and didn't take co-driver Michael 'Beef' Park's advice particularly well.

"Beef told me I should get a move on," says the Estonian. "He said: 'Come on, you can see more than that...' I said something rude and said he could have a go if he wanted!"

Experienced co-driver Stuart Loudon found himself in the unusual position of guiding former England cricket captain Graeme Swann through Wales Rally GB in 2014.

"Graeme was doing the event as a guest driver," says Loudon. "He wasn't too bad at all, but we rolled on the first stage. We were on the roof, but the spectators soon had us back on the wheels. The car wasn't bad at all, but Graeme was starting to undo his belts. He thought we were going home. He asked what to do and looked a bit surprised when I told him to fire it up and crack on to the end of the stage!"

Swann's initial response was, of course, completely natural. He'd probably never been upside down in a car before.

"You know when the crash is coming," says Scott Martin. "And that's the time to make yourself as small as you can in the car. I pull my feet back from the footwell to avoid any impacts down there, fold my arms across my chest, and hang on to the pacenote book."

Hang on to the pacenote book.

Told you co-drivers were a different breed.

It's harder than it looks...

The last time I co-drove Kris Meeke, we were in Citroen's equivalent to a transit van at Silverstone rallyschool and Dungannon's finest was telling me what to do in the event of what felt like an almost inevitable accident.

This time it's a bit different: the Meeke company motor, a set of Paul Nagle's pacenotes and a half-decent stretch of gravel road.

Nagle seems to find it funny that I'm genuinely having a go at doing his job. He laughs less when I break down his working day into two key areas: sitting down and reading. Ultimately, one of us will be laughing the longest...

I've always quite fancied the idea of co-driving. I once navigated David Higgins into a huge lead on the Kent Forestry Stages, only for him to ruin my moment in the spotlight by dropping us in a ditch after a corner appeared unexpectedly. A corner I might have forgotten to mention.

Strapped into Nagle's seat, I wiped such negativity from my mind and focused on the job in hand. Having already had one go at the stage, Meeke had been given a brief insight into my incompetence.

"Don't just blabber the notes out," he offers helpfully. "Try to feel the car."

Right. Good advice.

Second time around, I'm much more relaxed and do actually manage to say the right thing at vaguely the right time. Or at least I thought I did. Kris snatching the book out of my hand and throwing it the footwell might indicate we weren't on the same page.

The inside of Citroen's C3 WRC was a claustrophobic and intimidating place for one so far from their comfort zone, but at the same time it was hugely exhilarating and a real insight into what Nagle does.

Between you and me, there's more to it than sitting down and reading.

#rally #co-driver #co driver

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whynottshirt · 3 years

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besshirtstore · 3 years

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Mathema Chicken 20212 shirt

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brainexploders-blog · 4 years

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The Cubic Formula: Roots of the General Cubic Equation Link: https://youtu.be/Sjj3Z43NUz8 . Why is it that, unlike with the quadratic formula, nobody teaches the cubic formula? After all, they do lots of polynomial torturing in schools and the discovery of the cubic formula is considered to be one of the milestones in the history of mathematics. It's all a bit of a mystery and our mission today is to break through this mathematical wall of silence! Lots of cubic (and at the very end quartic) surprises ahead. . Suggested Book: Title: Cubic Equation Solver - Solve cubic equations easily! Link: https://amzn.to/2CVajTL . In algebra, a cubic equation in one variable is an equation of the form ax^3+bx^2+cx+d=0 in which a is nonzero. . The solutions of this equation are called roots of the cubic function defined by the left-hand side of the equation. If all of the coefficients a, b, c, and d of the cubic equation are real numbers, then it has at least one real root (this is true for all odd-degree polynomial functions). All of the roots of the cubic equation can be found by the following means: . # Algebraically, that is, they can be expressed by a cubic formula involving the four coefficients, the four basic arithmetic operations and nth roots (radicals). (This is also true of quadratic (second-degree) and quartic (fourth-degree) equations, but not of higher-degree equations, by the Abel–Ruffini theorem.) # Trigonometrically # Numerical approximations of the roots can be found using root-finding algorithms such as Newton's method. . The coefficients do not need to be real numbers. Much of what is covered below is valid for coefficients in any field with characteristic other than 2 and 3. The solutions of the cubic equation do not necessarily belong to the same field as the coefficients. For example, some cubic equations with rational coefficients have roots that are irrational (and even non-real) complex numbers. . #cubic #formula #cubicformula #cubicequation #equation #cubicfun #number #general #generalcontractor #Math #quadratic #quadraticequations #cubicequations #eqn #MATHS ##mathema #learning #onlinelearning #learn #online #internet #data #mathsislife https://www.instagram.com/p/CDRkWuQjKXE/?igshid=1mw569t6w2fnj

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arplis · 4 years

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Arplis - News: The coronavirus is here and parents have questions about the threat COVID-19 poses to the health of their children

As of now, answers have not been satisfactory, consistent, or satisfactorily consistent. Early studies out of China suggest that though mortality rates are low — though still highly worrisome at a population level — novel coronavirus does pose a serious risk to children as well as the elderly, specifically some children with pre-existing conditions. That said, all children can be vectors for the disease and scientist have not yet uncovered any patterns in infection that might justify complacency. Outcomes among infants, in particular, have been varied and have many front-line medical workers we’ve spoken to are worried. This story, which will be updated frequently until scientific consensus is reached on the questions posed, is intended to be an up-to-date accounting of what epidemiologists, doctors, and public health workers know so far. All quotes are timestamped because available information is becoming outdated rapidly. Answers should be understood in light of that fact. Just because we believe we know something now does not mean that thing is true. A lot of hypotheses have yet to be tested. In the meantime, the best approach is to maintain social distance and to stay informed. Will coronavirus kill or hurt my kids? Dr. John Williams, Chief of the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh. April 7, 2020 (12:30PM): Currently, there is not much data on kids and coronavirus. Some respiratory illnesses, such as the seasonal flu (influenza), put children at risk of serious health complications. Each year, the flu causes millions of illnesses, thousands of hospitalizations, and some deaths in children. COVID-19, however, appears to be affecting children at a much lower rate. Less than 1% of all COVID-19 hospitalizations in the US are of children. The biggest concern for kids in our country are those with underlying conditions. All of our children’s hospitals, including mine, are doing what we can to protect these vulnerable kids while we learn whether they truly have increased risk. Dr. Logan Spector, Division Director and Professor, Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research at University of Minnesota, March 24, 2020 (5PM): When it comes to young children, my biggest takeaway is that most severe cases [of COVID-19 in young children] were suffered by children with very serious conditions. In the New England Journal study, three severe cases had leukemia, hydronephrosis, and intussusception. So my takeaway from that is that even among children, the worst cases require comorbidities to have the worse outcome. My day job is studying pediatric cancer and I can tell you it’s not especially common. Dr. Neel Shah, Director of the Delivery Decisions Initiative at Ariadne Labs and assistant professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology at Harvard Medical School March 20 (1:30PM): There are some neonatal transmissions, but it doesn’t seem like infants and neonates are severely affected. We think of people who are pregnant and infants as vulnerable. But we mean that in a lot of different ways. Simply because they’re not likely to be severely infected does not mean they aren’t affected. Strains on the healthcare system mean ambulatory services are shutting down, prenatal and postpartum support is being shut down. Social distancing impacts pregnancies too. It’s simply harder to get labor support — from doulas or even family members. And there’s always been concern about social isolation after having a baby. Even more so now. Barun Mathema, Assistant Professor Epidemiology Columbia University; March 22 (11AM): The most recent evidence from China that shows that children are vulnerable, or at least more so than previously thought. Younger children being a higher risk for more serious clinical symptoms than older children. It appears that mortality is still somewhat rare among children. Barun Mathema, March 18 (11AM): I’ll preface this by saying we’re all confused. Initially, it was confusing that kids weren’t hit because we were wondering if the disease would follow the patterning of pandemic influenza where the curve is a beautiful bell with age on the bottom. Seasonal flu is the opposite, a u-shape. And initially, this didn’t fit either scenario. COVID-19 seemed like a geometric curve from low to high in terms of severity, but now that picture is getting muddled. We’re seeing folks under 50 with morbidity. We’re seeing teenagers and younger kids with fairly severe symptoms. There was a sliver of pediatric cases and a sliver of pediatric deaths in China. Kids get colds a lot so there was a theory that some are caused by coronaviruses and so there’s partial immunity. There was also the thought that the ACE2 receptor might not be well expressed in children so there could be inefficient entry. Arguably we should be seeing a huge surge in cases, but questions remain unresolved. One can simply say that given a large sample size and a small morbidity, we’re still talking about a big number. Dr. Jan Dumois, Pediatric Infectious Diseases physician at Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital. March 16, 2020 (4:30PM): “There’s a new article where they review 2100 kids who were suspected to have COVID-19. There was one child who died — teen. Only one. Otherwise, all the other kids survived, but they did have different degrees of severity of illness. Sicker kids tended to be younger and needed more aggressive medical care before they were sent home. … not just showing up to the emergency room and being sent home. Patients who ended up in hospital because they needed oxygen. Or they were found to have pneumonia. Then there were some uncommon cases that needed to be on a respirator. Younger children are more likely to be sicker and require hospitalization. Or to be on a ventilator. Sometimes heart. Or the dysfunction of the kidney. It was more common in children less than one. “ Ryan Demmer, PhD, University of Minnesota Division of Epidemiology and Community Health. March 16, 2020 (11AM): Kids who had preexisting conditions, particularly chronic or complex medical conditions, were more likely to have adverse medical outcomes and more likely to have severe ones at that. The co-morbidities that seemed to be the most troubling are with asthma and cystic fibrosis. Children with upper respiratory disease seem to be at risk. While the absolute numbers are low in terms of mortality among young people, there’s a .01 percent mortality rate for flu in youth and early numbers in kids with COVID-19 put the figure around .2. That’s not high, but it’s a 20 fold-increase. If I told you a plane was twenty times more likely that other planes to crash, you would not get on that plane. How can I avoid getting the virus? Dyan Hes, MD, Medical Director of Gramercy Pediatrics in New York City and Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at Weill Medical College of Cornell University. April 9, 2020 (12:00PM): Stay at home. If you have to go to work, you should wear a mask or bandana. You have to wash your hands when you come in from outside. Wash your hands repeatedly throughout the day as you have contact with other people. Some people say that washing your hands every 20 minutes is the best way to decrease the spread of the virus. Don’t touch your face. A lot of people choose to wear gloves whenever they’re out in public, but then they don’t take the gloves off immediately. If you use your gloves outside, when you’re commuting to work let’s say, then touch your phone, your phone is now contaminated. But people don’t think about that. Wearing gloves might be useless because you have this false sense of protection. You really have to understand the use of protective wear. John Williams, April 7, 2020 (12:30PM): Preventing the spread of COVID-19 from one person in the family to others can be challenging but can be accomplished. For families with older adults or people in their households with chronic illnesses, consideration should be given to see if there is a way to have that person stay with another relative while your child with COVID-19 recovers. If that is not possible, you should work to separate your child from as many of the other household members as possible. This could be accomplished by having the child with COVID-19 stay in one part of the home while those with chronic conditions could stay in another part. In addition, keeping your child with COVID-19 more than 6 feet away from the other people in your home combined with frequent handwashing and cleaning of places like door handles and hard surfaces with bleach containing products can be successful. You should also teach your child with COVID-19 to cover their cough with their elbow and to wash their hands frequently, especially if they are going to be in common areas used by others in the home. People who are sick can wear a cloth mask to reduce transmission to others. Ashlesha Kaushik, MD, FAAP, Pediatric Infectious Disease Physician and Director of the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program at UnityPoint Health St. Luke’s. April 6, 2020 (3:00PM): The CDC has advised people all across the country that everybody out in public places like a mall or a clinic needs to cover their faces now. They don’t need to use medical or surgical masks for that. Those will be reserved for patients that are sick with symptoms or are being seen actively in a healthcare facility. But for the general public, they’re saying that keeping the nose and mouth area covered will halt the spread of the virus from asymptomatic people. Barun Mathema; March 22 (11AM) I think the basic rule of thumb is keeping the kids in situations where there is very little density — and certainly keeping the hands clean. So this may be easier in peri-urban or rural locales. Personally, having kids run around outside is really important for general physical and mental health (also for the parents) but not having much or any physical contact would be the goal – this includes surfaces that may be contaminated. It’s hard not to be preachy about things but I will try to politely keep my distance and also explain that even if we do not personally feel at risk, our behavior can (without malintent) put members of our community at risk….we may not even know who is at risk. Barun Mathema; March 18 (11AM): Just because the elderly and folks with preexisting conditions are vulnerable doesn’t leave everyone else off the hook. This is a serious infection. We read about asymptomatic carriers and minor disease and, yes, many people have had it and will without even noticing. That’s true. It’s also true that three to five percent of otherwise healthy individuals will end up with a serious disease that could require ventilation. Many will recover but it will be an uphill battle. Social distancing and flattening the curve are the answer to this, especially given that a middle-age group will wind up responsible for taking care of most people. Juan Dumois, March 16, 2020 (4:30PM): The biggest study was able to detect some patients that had no symptoms but were infected. Found quite a few of those. Almost 100. The study wasn’t really designed to look for asymptomatic kids. That study hasn’t yet been published. When should I get my kid tested? Dyan Hes, April 9, 2020 (12:00PM): Right now, we’re not testing children in New York City. Your child will only be tested at this point, at least in New York City where we’re having more cases than any country around the world, if they’re in severe respiratory distress and need to be hospitalized. We have to assume that 80% of the colds that are going around now are COVID. We’re not testing because the kids’ cases have been very mild. The only children in my practice that have been tested have been newborns whose parents have been positive. So you don’t have to run to get your child tested if you are sick. Lindsay Thompson, April 7, 2020 (3:00PM): We unfortunately across the country do not yet have enough screening tests to be able to test children who are fairly well-appearing. It’s not usually until they’re so sick that they might have to go to the emergency room that we do the testing. So I think parents sometimes get frustrated that they can’t know for sure but are told they could have COVID-19. If they’re doing okay, you just need to go home and stay there for two weeks in quarantine. That doesn’t feel as rewarding as getting a test, but in some situations, we’re not able to test everybody. The parents may have to trust their pediatrician to assess that their child at that moment is doing okay. John Williams, April 7, 2020 (12:30PM): The major concern and the reason for a child to be tested, is only if the child had severe symptoms, which would primarily be difficulty breathing. Children may have fever, which makes them feel bad, but fever isn’t dangerous. If a child has a runny nose or cough, but isn’t having trouble breathing and is drinking ok, they don’t need to be tested and are probably best kept at home. Barun Mathema; March 18 (11AM): Public health is a very socialist approach. It means health for all trumps health for the individual. This is the antithesis of precision medicine. At this point, as a parent and a public health person, I feel that if a kid is exhibiting alarming symptoms — not a runny nose, but maybe a fever or something that looks unlike a regular cold — parents should consider taking the kid in. But, on some level, it’s important to recognize there’s nothing you’d do differently if your kid tested positive. If children are heavily symptomatic, take them in and get them admitted. Otherwise, you’re going home and observing. Still, there’s some virtue in knowing that you likely have it and that other people in your network likely have it as well. Georges Benjamin, March 18, 2020: That’s up to every doctor right now. They’re not testing very many kids. I think most kids are only being tested when there’s an emergency. Call the number in the community you’re given, usually the local health department, because these guidelines are changing literally every day. Sophia Thomas, March 18, 2020: If they have a fever, if they have a cough, they should contact their medical provider to see how they want to handle this. A requirement for testing is patients have to have a negative flu test. With children, oftentimes you would want to do a Strep test as well. If those tests are negative, then they may be eligible to have a COVID-19 test. However, because of the relative shortage of tests right now, different medical practices are doing different things. Some are having to prioritize using the test for the most vulnerable or the ones that have most potential for complications. Dr. Juan Dumois, Pediatric Infectious Diseases physician at Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, March 16, 2020 (4:30PM): One of the main things that’s going to be changing the way we deal with the pandemic is the availability of testing. It will become more available as the weeks go on. We have more availability this week than last. And tons more this week… some are doing it in their hospitals. We hope to be able to do that test sometime in the next month. As the ability to rapidly and readily do a test where you get results in a few hours and a few days will change the dynamic of people we aren’t currently testing. Something that might happen int he next six months would be a doctor in the clinic to swab a patient’s nose and get results the next day. Right now we can’t offer the test to everybody and it’s taking 5 days to get results back. My child has the virus. Now what? Lindsay Thompson, April 7, 2020 (3:00PM): Hopefully most parents have identified a primary care provider that they can call. I do recommend calling first. Almost all practices have instituted their own version of social distancing, and a lot of practices now offer telemedicine visits. As a pediatrician, you can learn a lot from what’s going on with the child by talking to the parents and seeing the child through telemedicine, so that can be very helpful. I do not recommend going straight to an emergency room unless you can tell that your child is having severe breathing problems or anything like that because we worry that places like emergency rooms inadvertently are spreading the virus or other illnesses that we wouldn’t want your child to get. There’s some really good resources on the CDC website about taking care of anybody who lives in your house with COVID-19. But children need their parents. If there are other children, I would recommend that if you live in a two-parent household only one parent takes care of that child and the other parent takes care of the other children to try to minimize exposure. If you have the luxury of being able to put that child in their own room with their own bathroom, that would be what I recommend. Really try to isolate them even within the home. Don’t share any plates, cups, knives and forks. Make sure everything is separate. I might even recommend a different meal time for that child compared to the other children. I know it sounds pretty grim. But you really need to separate these children from the rest of the family if possible. Ashlesha Kaushik, April 6, 2020 (3:00PM): At this point, when we are in the mode of social distancing, pediatricians don’t want to leave the families alone, so parents should call the pediatrician if they are worried about anything — be it symptoms that they might think are related to COVID-19 or to any other stress they’re feeling. The pediatrician can offer emotional support as well as offer valuable medical advice. If the symptoms are really mild, they can advise parents how to keep the children hydrated by making them drink enough water or using Tylenol for fever control. Georges Benjamin, MD, Executive Director of the American Public Health Association. March 18, 2020 (2PM): When kids get really sick, they often don’t eat enough and they often don’t drink enough. Usually, you can coax them to take small sips of water throughout the day. The most important thing is making sure the kid isn’t very, very sick and doesn’t need medical care right now. Most kids do just fine with this. Sophia Thomas, March 18, 2020 (11AM): Certainly children right now are catching COVID-19, but they are less likely to have complications. Those are children who just need to be isolated for 14 days. If you suspect your child has the virus, you can simply just keep them at home and care for them unless they start having serious problems such as breathing difficulties. Barun Mathema; March 18 (11AM): I have kids. If they got it, as a public health person, I would be more concerned about them giving it to someone else. Let your healthcare provider know and then basically take care of your child and enhance social distancing. If you have a nanny, give them a call. The health department doesn’t have the capacity to do that. I have coronavirus, now what? Juan Dumois, March 23, 2020 (3:30PM): I think a lot of physicians in infectious diseases are hopeful about some of the treatments being investigated for the sickest patients with COVID-19. And while the official stance is there are no proven drugs (and this is correct) there are promising drugs that are being tested on patients with COVID-19. Unfortunately, we’ll start seeing shortages of all these drugs if we do find drugs that kill the virus. Elisa Choi, MD, Internal Medicine & Infectious Disease Specialist at Atrius Health. March 23, 2020 (8:30AM):`If someone is having significant difficulty breathing, they may need to get further assessed, and home treatment may not be appropriate. Likewise, if someone is having very high fevers, it may be important to get them evaluated. But if someone can be safely managed at home, at this point in time the management strategy for someone who is either suspected of COVID-19 or has confirmed COVID-19 is supportive care and symptom management. So, for example, if someone has a mild cough, you can try over-the-counter remedies to manage that cough. If someone is having muscle aches, again it would be over-the-counter remedies to manage all of those symptoms. Barun Mathema; March 18 (11AM): This is a tough question. If you have coronavirus and kids you get tested and you find out that you’re positive. At that point, you can assume that a fraction if not all household members are positive. It’s different if you’ve flown in or been screened prior to symptoms. So you may want to self-isolate. But those lines are blurring. All the quarantining will be a moot point because we’ll all be there. The question is just how extreme or expansive. It’s a guessing game, but you want to isolate you and probably your family. How scared should I be for my parents? Elisa Choi, March 23, 2020 (8:30 AM): COVID-19 might have increased the risk of significant complications in older individuals, including the worst complication, which is death related to COVID-19. It is understandable that many adults may worry about their elderly parents with COVID-19, particularly since we don’t have a vaccine for this illness, and there is, as of today, nothing that has been concretely proven as a successful therapeutic. It’s very reasonable to be worried. That being said, the majority of people who contract COVID-19 do tend to have relatively milder symptoms. However, if an adult has specific concerns about their parent because they may have multiple other chronic illnesses or might be immunocompromised, which are some other risk factors for more severe COVID-19 disease, it’s certainly worth being particularly mindful of the current recommendations for minimizing spread of COVID-19. If an adult has concerns about themselves having COVID-19, they should reach out and seek clinical evaluation sooner rather than later, particularly if they are a caretaker of their older parent or are living in the same household as their older parent. Dr. Alicia Ines Arbaje M.P.H., Ph.D. Director of Transitional Care Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, March 19 (5 PM): Generally we should be concerned about how health systems can respond to the surge of people coming in. People who are coming to the hospital should be the sickest. If it so happens that they should be older, that is what it is. People who are having milder symptoms should be managed at home. It’s more level of need and not so much level of aid. ERs are set up to triage people appropriately. My biggest concern is that we don’t have the supplies or staffing to help care for people when they come. We haven’t gotten to that point yet, but it’s a real concern. How are we going to mobilize our resources? Dr. Mary Tinetti, Professor of Medicine and Public Health and is Chief of Geriatrics at Yale School of Medicine March 19, 2020 (11AM): We should be very worried. Most of the data we are able to look at are coming out of Italy and some modeling epidemiologists are doing in the rest of the world is showing positive testing in all age groups. But who is getting seriously ill? The vast majority are people 60 and older. The key in focusing on 60 and older is for their own good and the good of everyone else. They’re more likely to use healthcare resources. More likely to die. All the care consumed by them may limit care for younger people. For this population especially, the more social isolation the better. This means if you’re over 60 especially don’t go out in public, don’t be within 6 feet of anyone, get deliveries or get someone else to drop off your groceries and medications, and get tested if you can. If we start looking at the asymptomatic 60 year old we’ll see how serious it is. Once it’s available. All localities are prioritizing. The more we know the better. So get tested. Sophia Thomas, March 18, 2020 (2PM: This is a virus that knows no social barriers, and we do know that older people and people with comorbid conditions including hypertension, heart disease, COPD and asthma tend to have worse outcomes. So all grandparents — anybody over the age of 60 — should take this very seriously and practice social isolation. My mother was going to come and visit me and I just told her stay where you are. We’ll FaceTime and I’ll see you next month. Dr. Logan Spector, March 18, 2020 (11AM): Look to Italy. One of the reasons it is hit so hard is that it had one of the oldest populations in Europe. I really doubt that’s going to change at all. There have been nearly 200,000 reports and we can say with pretty good statistical certainty who are impacted and it’s very clear the elderly are hardest hit. It’s still not clear to me how much of that is just reduced immune function versus co-morbidities. The older you are, the more likely you are to have a pulmonary disease that compounds the effect of a respiratory virus. But there is still a risk in older people who don’t have co-morbidities. That points to lower immune function as we age. Ryan Demmer, March 16, 2020: I think we should move forward with caution because mortality rates aren’t just linked to the properties of the disease. They are often a product of the environment or context of the disease. China is not America. In America, we have varied healthcare access and high rates of asthma. That could portend worse outcomes in this country. I should state clearly that there’s no evidence of that yet, but we should be cautious. When will things go back to normal? Dyan Hes, April 9, 2020 (12:00PM): I’m not that optimistic right now because we do not have a federal law in place to stay at home. Big cities that have been hit like Detroit, New York City, Chicago, Miami, those cities have good stay-at-home rules in place, and I think they’re working. Staying at home works. But what’s going to happen is once we conquer this epidemic in New York, it’s going to spread to other states and cities that have not been implementing stay-at-home. I fear that it’s going to spread across the country and it will get to places like Arizona where up until a week ago you could go get a mani-pedi. Those states will have outbreaks, and I fear it’s going to come back because you can travel from state to state. Not all people are that ethical. Not all people are keeping quarantine. I almost had to report a family yesterday to Child Services because they’re not keeping their quarantine. We hope people stay at home, but not everybody is that altruistic. I feel like what’s going to happen is they’re going to find a treatment before we’re able to stop it based on human behavior. Lindsay Thompson, April 7, 2020 (3:00PM): I wish I knew. There’s no magic formula, and certainly, I think we’ll never be the same. So I’m not quite sure what normal will be. But most importantly, it’s not going to be a one-day event where everything turns back to normal. It’s going to be a little bit of loosening different recommendations in different places. If we suddenly all went back to what we were doing before, there would be another round of severe illness for lots of people. Just take a deep breath. Get ready because this may take a while. But the longer we take, the less people will be hurt. So patience is really really important. And selfless. Ashlesha Kaushik, April 6, 2020 (3:00PM): What the CDC has been projecting is that it will take at least a few weeks to a few months, but nobody is exactly sure about the timeline. They are waiting for the curve to flatten out. The curve is yet to peak, which is the scary part. We haven’t yet reached the peak in the United States. They were projecting the peak to be sometime this week or the next coming week. The few upcoming weeks will be really tough. The more we practice the social distancing measures, the more we can expect to flatten out the curve. That is still a long way to go. Dr. Logan Spector March 24, 2020 (5PM):“Once you let your foot off the brake of social distancing, will you have resurgent cases? Almost certainly. If we all stayed in our houses we would squelch this thing. The virus would die with that. If there are still people out and about who are infected, it will be reintroduced. That’s always been acknowledged. The idea is to spread it out enough to make sure we have healthcare capacity and give the medical community some time to manufacture PPE and develop a vaccine. Let’s just say that any politician — really anyone — who thinks he knows better than virologists and epidemiologists at this point doesn’t have his head on straight.” Juan Dumois, March 23, 2020 (3:30 PM): Over the last several day I’ve been looking at some of our local COVID-19 patients (in the Tampa Bay Area) who tested positive The numbers are still relatively small, and I suspect that may be a benefit of the social distancing we’re doing. That makes me optimistic. We may already be having a positive effect. However, i don’t think anyone should be lulled into complacency or thinking that this will be over soon. We need to bear it out for several more months. Elisa Choi, March 23, 2020 (8:30 AM): Where we are now is the infection and the illness is spreading. I’ll speak to Massachusetts because that’s the state I’m in. The number of cases is increasing daily. So we’re in the phase of the illness where there’s still exponential rise in new cases. Now definitely is not a time where we can scale back on measures to mitigate the spread of infection. It’s really hard to give a firm number or a firm timeline of when all of these kinds of measures can be retracted. My sense of how this would play out, though, is once there’s a plateau reached in terms of how many new infections are being detected every day, there may need to be some gradual reduction in some of the current mitigation measures. And it may not be able to be done all at once. It will need to be determined as we get to that plateau point. How long that will be is uncertain. If we reflect on what’s happening in some of the countries in Asia where they have reached that point — China would probably be the best example — it was about two or so months before they got to that point. Things may be different in the U.S. and things may be different moving from state to state in the U.S. Georges Benjamin, March 18, 2020 (2PM): We don’t know. There are estimates out there that this could go anywhere through a month or two. Those are probably reasonable assumptions. A month or two does not necessarily mean that all of us will be sequestered for a month or two. We just don’t know. We’ve never done this before. Sophia Thomas, DNP, President of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners. March 18, 2020 (2:30PM): I think this is our new normal for a while. I heard something yesterday that the CDC anticipates that the peak of this might be in May. I think for the next six to eight weeks we’re going to be dealing with this. I don’t anticipate a resolution anytime soon. If people really stick to the social distancing and listen to the advice of the CDC, we could actually see this resolved much sooner by limiting people’s exposure. Logan Spector, March 18, 2020 (11:10AM EST): Obviously this is unprecedented in modern memory. Everyone is talking about the 1918 flu pandemic and there a lot of the same characteristics as most flu, but the problem with COVID-19 is that there seems to be asymptomatic transmission. Isolating people with symptoms is a first response — and it’s a logical one. When SARS and MERS came out, this was done as well. But those did not seem to have asymptomatic transmission. I think everyone is trying to do their part including those working from home, but it will take time. Ryan Demmer, March 16, 2020:From a population health perspective the main issue remains not infecting others. There’s no evidence kids don’t get infected or transmit, just that they’re less effected by the disease. Our key goal has to be social distancing. The growth curve is still coming. The question is where the peak will be. Probably May-ish. And I’m not saying it’s going to go away…. After the peak, we’ll start coming down. What I’m interested in from an ecological point of view is what’s happening in South Korea and Wuhan. They’re saying there’s one case in the province which I find dumbfounding. And there was an impressive decline in South Korea. So if that’s true —and there’s no second peak — that would be fantastic news…. If there’s a second peak that could be as bad if not worse. COVID-19 could come back in the Fall only to finish off in the spring of 2021 when we have a vaccine. That’s a harsh but not unrealistic scenario. Parenting during a pandemic is hard. Sign up for our daily newsletter full of tricks, tips, and relevant medical information. ↓ Get the best of Fatherly in your inbox Oops! Please try again. Thanks for subscribing! Related Articles: Your State Is Probably Under a Stay at Home Order. Here's What It Means for Families. How America's Smartest Parents Cope With Coronavirus Lockdown AMC Movie Theaters Might Go Bankrupt Because of Coronavirus How To Make Coronavirus Lockdown Puzzles for Kids (And Kill Time) The post Coronavirus and Kids: Doctors Answer Parents’ COVID-19 Questions appeared first on Fatherly. #Health&Science

Arplis - News source https://arplis.com/blogs/news/the-coronavirus-is-here-and-parents-have-questions-about-the-threat-covid-19-poses-to-the-health-of-their-children

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vsplusonline · 4 years

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CBSE revises Maths syllabus, introduces 'Applied Mathematics' as elective - Times of India

New Post has been published on https://apzweb.com/cbse-revises-maths-syllabus-introduces-applied-mathematics-as-elective-times-of-india/

CBSE revises Maths syllabus, introduces 'Applied Mathematics' as elective - Times of India

NEW DELHI: The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) on Wednesday released announced introduction of ‘Applied Mathematics (241)’ as an academic elective subject at senior secondary level. The course can be opted for the class XI students from this Academic year (2020-21) as an Academic elective.

The CBSE notification states, “Mathematics is widely used in higher studies in the field of Economics, Commerce, Social Sciences and many others. It has been observed that the existing syllabus of Mathematics aligns well with Science subjects, but does not align well with Commerce or Social Science-based subjects in university education. By keeping this in mind, one more elective course in Mathematics syllabus will be offered for Sr. Secondary classes with an aim to provide students relevant experience in Mathematics which can be used in the fields other than Physical Sciences.”

Students who want to opt for higher studies in Mathematics at the University level as an Elective or want to take admission in Mathematics Honours course or Engineering course may take Mathematics (041). The Applied Mathematics (241) course is designed to enhance the knowledge and skills of Mathematics that are required to be successful in different fields of their future career. Therefore this course may be selected by students keeping this aspect in mind.

The students who have passed Basic Mathematics (241) in class X are now allowed to offer the new academic elective Applied Mathematics (241) at Senior Secondary Level.

Accordingly, the students who have passed Basic Mathematics (241) as well as Standard Mathematics (041) in Class X of CBSE exam are eligible for this course. However, it is once again clarified that students who have passed Mathematics-Basic (241) at Secondary level are not eligible to opt for Mathematics (041) at Sr. Secondary Level.

The detailed modalities for opting this subject shall be made available at the time of registration for this course at class XI.

It may be noted that those students who have earlier offered Applied Mathematics as a Skill Elective will offer Applied Mathematics as an Academic Elective in the current year 2020-21 for class XII. They have to follow the syllabus of Applied Mathematics offered as an Academic subject. Applied Mathematics Course will not be available from the current Academic Session 2020-21 as Skill subject.

Here are some of the frequently asked questions about CBSE Applied Mathematics (241) subject:

What is the difference between ‘Mathematics’ and ‘Applied Mathematics’? The existing Mathematics (041) for Senior Secondary is a course meant for students to pursue pure Mathematics/Physical Sciences/Engineering at University Level. Whereas, ‘Applied Mathematics’ is meant for those students who want to learn Mathematics which is useful for better performance in their selected subjects.

Can a student opt for both ‘Mathematics’ and ‘Applied Mathematics’? No. There is only one option, either Mathematics or Applied Mathematics.

Can I apply for Applied Mathematics as a skill subject in class 11 in the 2020-21 academic session? No one will be able to offer Applied Mathematics as skill subject in class XI from the academic session 2020-21.

What is the difference between earlier Applied Mathematics(840) as skill subject and this newly introduced Applied mathematics(241) as an Academic Elective? The focus of any skill subject is on a particular job role. However Applied Mathematics as an elective focus on Mathematics as a discipline with special emphasis on its applications.

The students are advised to visit the official website of the CBSE Board to get more details about Applied mathematics(241) subject.

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#CBSE Applied Maths subject #CBSE Board #CBSE new syllabus #CBSE Syllabus Change #Central Board of Secondary Education #Career

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timobook · 6 years

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NumPy 1.5 Python Base Beginner's Guide

NumPy 1.5 Python Base Beginner's Guide: An acion-packed guide for the easy-to-use, high performance, Python based free open source NumPy mathemaical library using real-world examples Download Introduction Scienists, engineers, and quanitaive data analysts face many challenges nowadays. Data scienists want to be able to do numerical analysis of large datasets with minimal programming efort. They want to write readable, eicient, and fast code, that is as close as possible to the mathemaical language package they are used to. A number of accepted soluions are available in the scieniic compuing world. The C, C++, and Fortran programming languages have their beneits, but they are not interacive and are considered too complex by many. The common commercial alternaives are, among others, Matlab, Maple, and Mathemaica. These products provide powerful scriping languages, however, they are sill more limited than any general purpose programming language. There are other open source tools similar to Matlab such as R, GNU Octave, and Scilab. Obviously, they also lack the power of a language such as Python. Python is a popular general purpose programming language widely used by in the scieniic community. You can access legacy C, Fortran, or R code easily from Python. It is objectoriented and considered more high-level than C or Fortran. Python allows you to write readable and clean code with minimal fuss. However, it lacks a Matlab equivalent out of the box. That's where NumPy comes in. This book is about NumPy and related Python libraries such as SciPy and Matplotlib What is NumPy? NumPy (from Numerical Python) is an open source Python library for scieniic compuing. NumPy lets you work with arrays and matrices in a natural way. The library contains a long list of useful mathemaical funcions including some for linear algebra, Fourier transformaion, and random number generaion rouines. LAPACK, a linear algebra library, is used by the NumPy linear algebra module if you have LAPACK installed on your system; otherwise NumPy provides its own implementaion. LAPACK is a well known library originally writen in Fortran—which Matlab relies on as well. In a sense, NumPy replaces some of the funcionality of Matlab and Mathemaica, allowing rapid interacive prototyping We will not be discussing NumPy from a developing contributor's perspecive, but more from a user's perspecive. NumPy is a very acive project and has a lot of contributors. Maybe, one day you will be one of them! What this book covers Chapter 1, NumPy Quick Start, will guide you through the steps needed to install NumPy on your system and create a basic NumPy applicaion. Chapter 2, Beginning with NumPy Fundamentals, introduces you to NumPy arrays and fundamentals. Chapter 3, Get into Terms with Commonly Used Funcions, will teach you about the most commonly used NumPy funcions—the basic mathemaical and staisical funcions Chapter 4, Convenience Funcions for Your Convenience, will teach you about funcions that make working with NumPy easier. This includes funcions that select certain parts of your arrays, for instance based on a Boolean condiion. You will also learn about polynomials and manipulaing the shape of NumPy objects. Chapter 5, Working with Matrices and ufuncs, covers matrices and universal funcions. Matrices are well known in mathemaics and have their representaion in NumPy as well. Universal funcions (ufuncs) work on arrays element-by-element or on scalars. ufuncs expect a set of scalars as input and produce a set of scalars as output. Chapter 6, Move Further with NumPy Modules, discusses how universal funcions can typically be mapped to mathemaical counterparts such as add, subtract, divide, muliply, and so on. NumPy has a number of basic modules that will be discussed in this chapter. Chapter 7, Peeking into Special Rouines, describes some of the more specialized NumPy funcions. As NumPy users, we someimes ind ourselves having special needs. Fortunately, NumPy provides for most of our needs. Chapter 8, Assured Quality with Tesing, will teach you how to write NumPy unit tests. Chapter 9, Ploing with Matplotlib, discusses how NumPy on its own cannot be used to create graphs and plots. This chapter covers (in-depth) Matplotlib, a very useful Python ploing library. Matplotlib integrates nicely with NumPy and has ploing capabiliies comparable to Matlab. Chapter 10, When NumPy is Not Enough: SciPy and Beyond, discuss how SciPy and NumPy are historically related. This chapter goes into more detail about SciPy. SciPy, as menioned in the History secion, is a high level Python scieniic compuing framework built on top of NumPy. It can be used in conjuncion with NumPy. Who this book is for This book is for you the scienist, engineer, programmer, or analyst looking for a high quality open source mathemaical library. Knowledge of Python is assumed. Also, some ainity or at least interest in mathemaics and staisics is required Via TimoBook

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cancersfakianakis1 · 7 years

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Regulatory roles of brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1(BAI1) protein in inflammation, tumorigenesis and phagocytosis: a brief review

Publication date: Available online 16 January 2017 Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology Author(s): Vivek Bhakta Mathema, Kesara Na-Bangchang Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (BAI) family of proteins are basically putative G-protein-coupled receptors with wide spectrum of cellular activities. These BAIs exhibit intricate and complex nature of modulatory activities that researchers are only now beginning to understand. Here we mainly focus on the regulatory activities of a prominent member of BAI family, BAI1, with respect to its role in inflammation, tumorigenesis and phagocytosis. The emerging knowledge on cell- and site-specific function of BAI1 makes it both versatile and promising candidate for studies relating to cancer and host immune response. This review collectively specifies and comprehends important findings of BAI1 from several studies and provides latest insight to explore its properties for possible biomedical therapeutics. http://ift.tt/2j1jFOl

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