#jewish life

[gonnauseanomdeplume]

Some people out there acting as if white supremacy is the only form of antisemitism. For instance, Christian antisemitism is far older than white supremacy and while they are entwined it is possible to perpetuate Christian antisemitism without being a white supremacist or even white. Antisemitism even predates Christianity and there are forms of antisemitism that are not connected to Christianity at all. It goes to show that antisemitism is complex and multifaceted. It can show up in many forms and it’s important to learn about the different ways it can show up. Anyone can be antisemitic and attributing antisemitism only to white supremacy is harmful and only tackles one part of the issue.

#jumblr #jewish #jew stuff #judaism #jewish life #actually jewish

[gillianthecat]

I'm curious about cultural differences around kids calling adults by their first name with no title. My family is Jewish and we always did that, and it seemed the norm among my friends. Is that a particularly Jewish norm?

You define for yourself whether you're Jewish. I didn't grow up with any religious practice, but still feel culturally Jewish.

(In this I'm not counting teachers or other adults where school/other rules applied.)

This ignores a lot of things like age and country, and flattens the wide variety of non-Jewish cultures into one group, but all of that wouldn't fit into a tumblr poll so I'm simplifying it.

(There probably is actual information on this somewhere out there if I looked, but it's more fun to do a completely non-representative tumblr poll.)

#cultural norms #cultural anthropology #jumblr #jewblr #jewish culture #jewish life #judaism #jewish #tumblr polls #my polls #shower thoughts that become polls

[judaicsheyd]

An Introduction to Kashrut & Kosher Eating

i. "Kashrut" and "Kosher"? ii. Kashrut Specifics iii. Modified Ways to Keep Kosher iv. Resources

border inspo & header art

You may already be confused about what these words even mean, and that's totally okay, we're all here to learn. The following are some important terms to keep in mind:

Halakha : Jewish Law as outlined within the Talmud. It governs everything from punishment for crimes to sex to defining "what" Judaism is. It is more of a way of life than a set of laws. Kashrut : A subsection of Halakha, specifically referring to regulations surrounding food and everything to do with it. Kosher : An adjective used to refer to food or food-related products (like forks and spoons) that are deemed okay for Jews to eat/use by Kashrut. "Keeping Kosher" refers to eating according to Kashrut. Kashering : To cause something to become kosher. Treif : Everything that is non-Kosher. Pareve : Food that is "neutral", neither meat nor dairy. This includes fruits, vegetables, grains, eggs, and sometimes fish.

Kashrut tells us what animals are safe to eat, how these animals should be slaughtered, what food can and can't be mixed, alongside instructions on how to use the tools made for preparing/eating food. There's a lot more to Kashrut (which I'll go into soon), but those are the basic ideas. Kashrut includes many guidelines that we see as common sense (such as not eating diseased meat) to everyday cleanliness (checking that fruits and veggies are free of bugs) to things that some people would think are "weird" (like not eating shrimp). Of course, much of Kashrut is highly cultural in nature, and was largely shaped by Jewish cultural ideas of cleanliness and commonly eaten foods. Some animals may be a normal part of the cultural in many countries/cultures, but they are not Kosher, as Israelites never included such things in its food. This is why many Jews who are also parts of cultures to whom treif foods are significant experience a lot of inner conflictions about keeping Kosher. Instances like the one mentioned before, alongside a countless amount of others, are why there are different levels of keeping Kosher, which I will expand on soon.

Many people ask me why I eat Kosher in the first place. Reactions range anywhere from "Oh wow, I could never give up bacon!" to "Ugh, why follow such archaic laws?" when people find out. But really, why do we? Is it because it would cause severe health issues if we ate shellfish or a ham and cheese sandwich? No, obviously not. While some of the prohibitions in Kashrut may have health benefits, such as avoiding certain diseases or infections, the primary reason for observing these laws is not based on health concerns. In fact, Halakha dictates that we should not eat Kosher if it would threaten our health or lives in any way. We live by the laws, we don't die by them. Interestingly enough (right back at ya, "archaic laws" person), it's because they are archaic. It is not because anyone who eats pork is disgusting or wrong or bad in any way. It's our culture, our tradition, it's been passed down for absolutely forever. It's a marker and a reminder of who and what we are, a way to celebrate Jewishness. It's also a ritual, a daily form of active mediation and prayer to bring us closer to (and remind us of) HaShem. Eating Kosher is not just about what we eat, but also about how we eat. It's a daily ritual that involves mindfulness, intentionality, and gratitude. It's a way to incorporate our culture and religion into our every day, never forgetting who we are. By following these ancient guidelines, we affirm our connection to a long and rich history, to a community that has survived and thrived through centuries of persecution and adversity.

We embrace a way of life that is not driven by the latest trends or fads, but rather by timeless values and principles that have stood the test of time. When we follow the laws of Kashrut, we are reminded of our connection to HaShem, the sanctity of our traditions, and the importance of our community.

Alright, now it's time to get into the exact specifics of what Kashrut outlines for us. It is usually Orthodox Jews who follow every single one of the rules, Conservative Jews follow most(ish) of these rules, and Reform Jews tend to not keep kosher. Of course, this doesn't speak for all denominations or even every Jew in each of the denominations I mentioned, but those are the most common "levels" of keeping kosher among Jews. Keeping kosher is hard, and not everyone has the time, resources, etc. to follow Kashrut as closely as they'd like, which is why different people choose what's right for them. In this section, I'll cover the exact guidelines in Kashrut, exceptions to keeping kosher, and some modern interpretations of kosher expectations.

Anything produced by forbidden animals- like their eggs and milk- is prohibited.

Land mammals should have cloven hooves and chew their cud. — In Leviticus 11:3 and Deuteronomy 14:6 — Cloven hooves: Hooves split into two "toes". — Chewing cud: The process of chewing, partially digesting, regurgitating, and re-chewing food. — Permitted land mammals include oxen, goats, sheep, and deer. — Forbidden land mammals include pigs, horses, rabbits, and camels.

Marine life must have fins and scales. — In Leviticus 11:9 and Deuteronomy 14:9 — Permitted marine life includes salmon, tuna, and carp. — Forbidden marine life includes shrimp, lobster, and scallops.

Birds must not be scavengers or birds of prey — In Leviticus 11:13-19 and Deuteronomy 14:11-18 — Only specific birds are prohibited, not types of birds. Rabbis have decided to forbid the categories the listed birds fall into (scavengers and birds of prey). — Permitted birds include chicken, geese, ducks, and turkeys. — Forbidden birds include eagles, vultures, ravens, and owls.

Winged insects are… complicated. — In Leviticus 11:22 — Some winged insects used to be permitted, but we no longer know which ones those are, so all winged insects are decidedly forbidden. — Interestingly enough, Yemini Jews have very very old traditions of identifying and eating certain locusts as kosher animals. This could be an echo of our now lost outlines on what insects are, in fact, kosher. How cool is that?

Other miscellaneous animals are forbidden. — In Leviticus 11:29-30, 42-43 — Rodents (mice, squirrels, rats) — Wingless insects (centipedes, silverfish, lice) — Amphibians (frogs, toads, salamanders) — Reptiles (snakes, lizards, turtles)

Certain parts of kosher animals are forbidden to eat. — All blood from the meat of land mammals and birds must be drained out during slaughter and then salted/broiled out because blood is their life force and should be respected (Leviticus 7:26-27; 17:10-14). — Fat found on on the internal organs and below the eleventh rib (Leviticus 3:9; 7:23). — The sciatic nerve (of the lower leg) to commemorate Jacob’s victory over an angel after they wrestled all night, during which the angel dislodged Jacob’s sciatic nerve (Genesis 32:22).

Animals must be slaughtered in a particular way. — In Deuteronomy 12:21; 14:21 and Numbers 11:22. — These rules pertain to land mammals and birds, but not fish. • Animals cannot have died due to natural causes or another animal killing them. — Meat should not be diseased or flawed in any way. — Animals must be slaughtered by having their throat slit quickly and in one strong slash. This way, the most blood drains out and the animal is slaughtered in the most humane way.

Meat and dairy cannot mix (Exodus 23:19; 34:26 and Deuteronomy 14:21).

Foods which are neither meat nor dairy are pareve, and can be used freely with both meat and dairy. — Commonly, fish is counted as pareve, but some traditions (usually Sephardic) prohibit the mixing of fish with meat.

A certain amount of time should pass between the consumption of meat and dairy. — Traditionally, one waits 3-6 hours after eating meat to consume dairy, but only 1-3 hours after eating dairy to eat meat. — Some traditions include that one must wait only an hour after dairy, except for hard cheeses, after which they must wait 3 hours.

Different utensils and equipment must be used for meat and dairy. This includes everything from the tools used for slaughter to the plates in your home. — Utensils have a label just like food (meat, dairy, pareve, or treif) which affects the status of the food which comes in contact with it, but only in the presence of heat. — For example, a fork will become treif if it touched shrimp, and if it touches any hot kosher food (or if the fork or shrimp is hot), the food also becomes treif. This affects things like dishwashers (in which both meat and dairy utensils come in contact with heat in the same space), sinks (which can be hot), and towels (when used to transport hot pots). — It is totally fine to do something like use a knife with both meat and dairy, as long as both the knife and food is cold, and as long as the knife is cleaned between foods.

All fruits and vegetables are kosher. — In Genesis 1:29 — Fruits and vegetables must be thoroughly washed and checked for bugs. — Fruits and vegetables cannot come in contact with any products which include insects, like some dyes and additives.

Grape products cannot be made by idolators. — This began because of wine's ritual importance, and Jews did not want to consume wine that was made to use in the worship of idols. — This usually only refers to wine or grape juice. — More recently, because the creation of wine is now automated, it is technically not made by idolators and has been seen as kosher to some denominations (usually Conservative Jews).

We've gone through the different rules and regulations of Kashrut, which include that utensils/towels can become treif. But what happens if you accidentally eat treif? If utensils become treif, do they need to be thrown out?

Accidentally (or knowingly) eating treif. — The remedy for this is simply to feel bad and do better in the future. — But, if you feel particularly bad, you can do a good thing so that the bad thing (eating treif) leads to a good thing, and therefore the entire mistake becomes positive. Good things can include tzedakah, charitable giving (like donating money/old clothes, volunteering, etc.).

Kashering utensils, equipment, etc. — Kashering is done both when something is first bought and if it ever becomes trief. Usually, only new cooking equipment is kashered (like by being dipped into a mikveh, a pool of holy water), and not everything you buy. — To "reset" utensils/equipment after it has become treif, it can be dipped in a mikveh, or things like towels can be kashered simply but putting them in the laundry. — Everyone will have different ways to kasher and different intensities of kashering.

Treif food being the only option. — During medical emergencies (like a blood sugar crash) or similar situations, it is not a sin to eat treif. Human life is put above all else within Judaism, meaning that everything will be rendered not a sin if breaking it is necessary to save a life (which is also why abortion is required even in the most Orthodox communities).

Keeping kosher is hard. There's a ton of rules and things which build upon each other. It's a lot to remember. Considering that many households separate meat and dairy to the point of having separate sinks and refrigerators, most people just don't have the resources to keep kosher in that way. If you're low on spoons, disabled, or neurodivergent, those factors can make keeping kosher even more difficult. I'm a spoonie with ADHD and Autism, so I'm chronically fatigued, and have ARFID that contributes to multiple food-related issues. You should always remember that you are not required to keep kosher if it interferes with medical needs (like I listed), and so you should never feel bad about how "well" you keep kosher. That being said, let's move onto some tips for modified kosher eating.

Try only keeping kosher on shabbat and/or important holidays.

Sometimes, our safe foods or the only food we have access to are treif. However, you're usually already listening to 99% of Kashrut prohibitions on which animals you can eat (like avoiding bugs, reptilians, rodents, scavengers, etc.). So that's already a big step!

Instead of having completely separate equipment for meat/dairy, simply wash your utensils between using them for meat/dairy.

Instead of waiting up to 6 hours between eating meat and dairy, wait 1 hour, drink water between the two foods, and/or create a distinct separation in time between consuming the foods (like getting up to go do something, stopping to talk, etc.).

When it comes to washing utensils, try and separate them by putting them on different washing machine racks, run the washing machine between using it for meat/dairy utensils, or rinse off the inside of the sink between hand-washing meat/dairy utensils.

Use disposable plates/cups/utensils to separate meat and dairy.

Buy only kosher meat, or only kosher foods (most foods in everyday grocery stores will be kosher).

If you're vegan, and depending on the type of vegetarian, you're already eating kosher!

You've finally reached the end of this post, and I hope it was helpful to you. Below, I will list multiple sources for further reading, help in keeping kosher, and just some cool questions about being kosher ("is meat from a cloned animal kosher?").

An extensive course on the laws of Kashrut taught by Rabbis

"Bagels: A Surprising Jewish History" by Dr. Yvette Alt Miller

"Does G-d Really Care?" from Kosher Certification

"I Keep Kosher. My Parents Did, Now Don't. It's Complicated." by Talia Kaplan

"Is Lab-Grown Meat Kosher?" by Yehuda Shurpin

"Issues in Jewish Ethics: The Ethics of [Kosher] Cloning" by Dr. Daniel Eisenberg, M.D.

"Jews in America: The Kosher Meat Boycott of 1902" by Dr. Michael Feldberg

"Kashrut Laws as Written in Torah" from the Jewish Museum in London

"Kashrut: the Jewish Dietary Laws [from Biblical, Rabbinic, and Modern Perspectives]" by Jonathan Magonet

"Marijuana Is Always Kosher, as Long as You Smoke It" by Ruth Schuster

"OU Kosher Grocery Store Symbols Explained" by Rabbi Chaim Goldberg

"People Eat Treyf for Their Own Reasons. They All Think About Their Judaism." by Jonathan Katz

"Saying Goodbye to Bacon" by Liel Leibovtiz

"Ten Reasons to Keep Kosher (And They’re Not What You Think)" by Rabbi Alec Goldstein

"The Jewish Dietary Laws: Their Meaning for our Time and a Guide to Observance" by Samuel H. Dresner and Seymour Siegel

"The Rules for Kosher Creepy-Crawlies" from Sefaria

"What Archaeology Tells Us About the Ancient History of Eating Kosher" by Lina Zeldovich

"What Is Kosher for Passover?" from Chabad.org

"Why I Don’t Keep Kosher" by Rabbi Jillian Cameron

"Why I Stopped Freaking Out About Other People’s Kosher Habits" by Erris Langer Klapper

"Why Keep Kosher?: Jewish dietary practices allow us to welcome the sacred into our daily lives and into mundane acts." by Rabbi Dr. Bradley Shavit Artson

"5 Misconceptions About Keeping Kosher" by Mandy Hakimi

#judaism #jewish #jumblr #jewblr #jewish culture #pesach #passover #kosher #kashrut #torah #talmud #shabbat #jewish life #kosher food #halakha #yeshivawithcarver #references

[thelongestway]

*moment of grim satisfaction* I'm in touch with an antisemitism monitoring program for Ukraine. And y'know what? That monitoring's been going on for over 20 years. There hasn't been a single. serious. act. of antisemitic. vandalism or violence in Ukraine over the first half of 2023. Not a single one. The folks doing the monitoring - who are literally the best at what they do in Ukraine, their network is fantastic - say that two factors contributed. First, the war has consolidated society. But second? Russian agents of influence have a lot less leeway currently. So many years they've spent, trying to make us look like Nazis to the rest of the world. Didn't work.

#ukraine #antisemitism #jewish life

[goose-onthe-loose]

#orthodox jew #jewblr #challah #jewish #shabbat #shabbos #pesach #original art #my art #jewish life #jewish culture #jumblr

[applesauce42069]

I had a really hard time warming up to teaching Hebrew school.

The synagogue is far. I have to wake up early on Sunday. I lose my Saturday nights.

And it’s a lot of work that takes a lot of energy. Especially at first I would get so overwhelmed and feel like I didn’t get to have my own brain for 5 hours, trying to figure something out that I didn’t know how to do, attending to the mayhem of a group of several 6 years olds.

There were times where I had panic attacks that made me is work because I was just so tired.

But I’ve gotten better at it, a bit more confident. I know what to expect, how to fill the time.

And I learned to enjoy it. Now, when I’m at the Synagogue on Sunday morning with my kids I wouldn’t rather be anywhere else.

It is a joy to help young Jews discover and build their identity. To teach them about mitzvot, g’milut chassadim, about the festivals, the brachot, a bit of the history. To watch them slowly learn to form the words of the shema phonetically during our service.

Today I’m teaching them about Tzedakah and we will choose where to donate the Tzedakah we’ve been collecting since September.

I woke up and there was no fear, panic or hesitation. I’m seeing my little chaverim today and I’m super pumped.

#jumblr #jewish and proud #Jewish life

[abigail-writingstuff]

Never Forget!

#abigail's thoughts #abigail writing stuff #the holocaust #remember the past #history #jewish life #142279.25

[u-mspcoll]

Researching Sephardic Cooking in the Janice Bluestein Longone Culinary Archive

The Jewish Manual...(1846) by Lady Judith Cohen Montefiore (Special Collections Janice Bluestein Longone Culinary Archive, Cookery 1846 Mo)

Enjoy this guest post by Nathalie Ross, Heid Fellow, on her research in the Janice Bluestein Longone Culinary Archive. Nathalie is a doctoral candidate in the History Department at the University of North Texas, specializing in Jewish Food Studies.

#libraries #archives #special collections #special collections libraries #libraries and archives #american culinary history #special collections and archives #heid fellows #fellowships #research fellowships #sephardic #sephardim #sephardi jewish #cooking #cooking history #cookbooks #cookery #food studies #jewish life #jewish heritage #jewish women #jewish culture #jewish food #jewish food studies #jblca #culinary history #culinary archives #janice bluestein longone #JBLCA #janice bluestein longone culinary archive

[onthecouchguy-blog]

Richard Landes is the inventor of the word "Pallywood" and an astute observer of the dynamics around the international hatred of the Jewish State. Highly reccomend to all Jumblers. A must read !

#antisemitism #great book #book reccs #jumblr #jewish life #journalism #geopolitics

[official-oshun]

I hope all the ethnically Asian, African, Pacific Islander, and all other Jews of Color are having a wonderful day! The world should appreciate World Jewry more! Jews are a diverse group of people spanning all four corners of the world and we are invaluable! I hope everyone, gentile or Jew, recognizes us for our devotion to ourselves and our community!

#this post includes converts #this post includes non-relgious jews #jewish positivity #dispora Jewish Positivity #jewish dispora #jumbler #judaism #jewblr #this post is about jewish people of color do not derail #positivity #jewish mysticism #jewish life

[gonnauseanomdeplume]

Funny how in Europe Jews weren’t recognized as European and always told to go back to where we came from yet when we do that’s suddenly when we are “accepted” as European. Funny huh. Seems like there might be something deeper at work here. What could it possibly be? Oh I don’t know maybe antisemitism?!?? To antisemites we will always be the face of what they think is evil and now that has taken the form of white European settler colonialism so that is what they paint us as. We’ve been crying out about this form of antisemitism on the left for years and now see where it’s taken us. There is an utter disregard for Jewish lives.

#jumblr #jewish #jew stuff #judaism #jewish life #actually jewish #antisemitism #israel

[laporcupina]

While the world is doing its Everyone Loves a Dead Jew dance... 250+ dead (and counting), 1500 injured (and counting) in Israel today.

Also Magen David Adom, the national rescue/responder organization and affiliate of the International Red Cross.

#israel #am yisrael chai #jewish life

[magnetothemagnificent]

Bit of a question here that was prompted by a dream I just had, are the seasons in the Jewish calendar different than the Gregorian calendar? I tried to google it but got no actual answers to my question. Obviously the names won’t be the English ones, but does it separate the year into four seasons as well? The fact I can’t find an answer is bothering me.

The Jewish calendar is a lunar-based calendar that revolves around the agricultural cycle of Ancient Israel, so think Mediterranean and Middle Eastern climate. There are three main holidays that marks the different agricultural periods, called the Shalosh Regalim, the Three Pilgrimages. These holidays involve making Pilgrimages to Jerusalem and making offerings and celebrating.

The first is Pesach (Passover), which is also called Chag HaAviv, "Festival of the Springtime". Because of this, Pesach must always occur in the seasonal springtime, and to ensure this, every other year we add an additional month, called Adar 2 to balance out the cycle. Pesach commemorates the beginning of the barley harvest. On the second day of Pesach everyone would bring the first sheaf from their barley harvest to the Temple as an offering, and after this point it was permitted to consume the barley harvest.

The second is Shavout, which is also called Chag HaKatzir, "Festival of Harvest" and Chag HaBikkurim, "Festival of Offerings". This commemorates the beginning of the wheat harvest and the bringing of the first of the fruit harvests to the Temple as offerings.

The third is Sukkot, which is also called Chag HaAsif, "Festival of Gathering". It commemorates the end of the harvest period, when the last of the harvest was gathered inside before the rainy season begins. During Sukkot we begin asking G-d for rain with Tefillat Geshem, the Rain Prayer.

Another agricultural holiday is Tu B'Shvat, which is the New Year for the Trees, and commemorates when fruit trees begin to bloom. It's actually the next holiday coming up in the Jewish calendar- this year 2023 it falls out beginning the evening of February 5th to sunset February 6th in the Gregorian calendar.

The seasons in the Jewish calendar are no different than the climate periods in the Middle East, which tend to be the dry season and the rainy season, with short transitional periods between each.

In modern times, there are four seasons used in Hebrew: Aviv, Kayitz, Stav, and Choref, which are Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter, respectively.

The months in the Jewish year are traditionally determined by observing the New Moon in the sky and declaring it publically in the Jewish court. However, this hasn't been the method used for thousands of years. In the first millenium CE, Hillel II and many other Jewish leaders enacted the Jewish calendar we know of today, which is based on detailed calculations of the lunar cycles and patterns. The Rabbis realizes that in the diaspora, when Jews are scattered far across the world, it would be impossible to observe the months and holidays accurately and uniformly across communities. In many ways, this decision saved Judaism and allowed Jewish communities around the world to be united in their shared observance.

#jumblr #judaism #the jewish calendar #the hillel calendar #jewish learning #jewish history #jewish life #jewish holidays

[rsdesignsravit]

Indulge in elegance with our Stellar Elegance head covering!

Handcrafted with Delica beads and adorned with Swarovski crystals, pearls, and Fire polish beads, this yarmulke exudes sophistication.

Complete with a hypoallergenic silver over metal comb, it ensures both style and comfort. Perfect for special occasions or as a unique Bat-Mitzvah gift!

Visit Ravit.Etsy.com to see this and other beadwork designs!

#beadedjewelry #beadwork #etsyartist #artists on tumblr #online shoppping #etsystore #jewelrydesigner #head covering #jewish holidays #jewish #judaism #jewish life

[broadwaycouchpotato]

Leaving Avis here- I do t know, inspiration hit and I kinda like this one!

But this quote hits deep to be honest. Antisemitism is on the rise,. Jewish actors/actresses are being erased from the scene by non Jewish actors who play roles of Jewish characters. It’s disappointing…

Yes, Patti LuPone is absolutely amazing as Avis Amberg, I LOVE her in this character! Avis is Iconic!!!!!

But still, there are so many women who are actually Jewish, like Avis. They weren’t given a chance to break through in this roll. Even when they’d be able to add an aspect to the character that a non jewish actress wouldn’t be able to do. There are aspects to Avis’s character that could have been enhanced by the personal experiences of Jewish women. (Sorry- wording reads a little weird here. I am not words today)

The character of Avis faces death threats, hate crimes, being looked over in the acting industry, being left behind and abandoned by society due to physical features that were not in her control. Also for being a part of a minority ethnic group.

Jewish women have struggled with these things relentlessly for generations. Jewish women have wrested antisemitism and hate and have been targeted because of their Jewish heritage.

Now I do know that Patti has experience with hate, abuse and bullying in the industry. I acknowledge her struggle and the pain it causes her. It’s valid! No one should be treated in such terrible ways! People need to respect others no matter what!

Yet she hasn’t faced what many Jewish women have gone through for generations.

Sadly, we carry so much generational trauma from such acts of pure violence.

Many women in my community have first hand experience with all of this. Go up to any woman/girl at any synagogue and they’ll have at least one story about an act of antisemitic hate, violate, comment, joke, micro aggressions- made towards them.

Patti hasn’t experienced these acts of hate in this specific situation and circumstance. She can’t. Because she’s not a Jewish woman.

Jewish women shouldn’t be facing violence or hate. No one should.

We can start making the entertainment industry more accessible to Jewish people, by giving Jewish people the spotlight for the characters who are written as being Jews!

#helena rubinstein #broadway #patti lupone art #broadway theatre #company the musical #patti lupone #warpaint #stephen sondheim #evita #sweeney todd #hollywood #ryan murphy #avis amberg #Jewish #jewish life #jewish actors #jewish positivity #jewposting #Hollywood2020 #Patti Lupone Avis Amberg #AvisAmberg

[abigail-writingstuff]

#abigail's thoughts #abigail writing stuff #072280.25 #jewish life