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[cloudynyxx]

Interview with Yuzuru Tachikawa - director of Death Parade - about his insights on his creative process.

The enjoyment of standalone episodes lies in the ability to try various challenges [Part 1 of 2]

Death Parade is an original TV anime released by Studio Madhouse. It is a work known for its deep human drama that offers glimpses of human frailty and love, supported by its rich visual storytelling. It's worth noting that this is the first TV anime born from the Agency for Cultural Affairs' Young Animator Training Project, Anime Mirai. Leading the project as the original creator, series composer, and director is Yuzuru Tachikawa, a rising director who has garnered attention for his various works.

Yuzuru Tachikawa Anime Director. After graduating from the Department of Film Studies at the Faculty of Arts of Nihon University, he joined Studio Madhouse. He made his directorial debut [on episode 51 of] Kiba and served as assistant director for Chi’s New Address. He later became freelance and gained attention for his episode direction in works like BLEACH. In 2012, he made his directorial debut with the OVA Arata-naru Sekai and in 2013, he served as the original creator, scriptwriter, and director for his own work Death Billiards as part of Anime Mirai 2013.

Changes from Death Billiards

— Let's talk about the project. This work is original, and it marks your debut as a TV anime series director. It seems like it would be rather difficult to pitch such a challenging project. What was the deciding factor?

Tachikawa: I think it was due to Death Billiards, the previous work we produced for Anime Mirai 2013. Without this work, I think it would have been difficult to get this project through with just a typical proposal. The fact that we had a complete film was an advantage. It was important to have a clear image of the finished film for the people who gave the go-ahead for the project, as well as the production committee.

— The title has changed from Death Billiards to Death Parade. What was the reason behind this change?

Tachikawa: The provisional title during the planning stage was actually Quindecim. However, the word "death" leaves an impact, doesn't it? Even with Death Billiards, people found amusement in the absurdity of combining two words which wouldn't normally go together. So, this time, I went with "Parade." Originally, Death Parade was the subtitle for each episode, but it was elevated to becoming the title of the series. The image I wanted to convey was a sort of parade through which many dead people arrive. [TL Note: this might seem repetitive and obvious but he is explaining the title as one would to a Japanese speaker, without using the English word for “death” here.]

— Were there any deliberate changes you made from Death Billiards?

Tachikawa: With Death Billiards, I intended for it to work as a standalone film, so there were parts towards the end left ambiguous or deliberately obscured to leave an impression and linger with the audience. However, I thought that if we did that in every episode of the TV anime, it would just add unnecessary pressure. So the dark-haired woman, who had a more detached role in Death Billiards, was placed in a position closer to the viewer to alleviate that.

— One of the major differences from the previous film is the introduction of new arbiters such as Ginti and Nona. Was the intention to increase the number of characters a consideration unique to a TV anime format, as you just mentioned?

Tachikawa: That was one aspect, yes, though what I wanted to focus on wasn't just the humans, but the arbiters themselves. That's why we ended up with more characters.

 — So will the second half of the episodes be centered on the arbiters, then?

Tachikawa: I hope you look forward to it. In the latter half, we'll touch more on the themes of the work, but in addition to the usual character performances and game interactions, I also want viewers to pay attention to the development of Decim and the dark-haired woman, who are the main characters.

The first episode shouldn't be the most interesting one

— When creating new characters, what kind of orders did you give to character designer Shinichi Kurita? Tachikawa: Kurita-san's art style tends to lean towards realism, but since we started producing Death Billiards, I was careful not to make it too realistic. Since I wanted the characters to have drastically shifting expressions, rather than making them overly stylish or polished, I aimed for something a little off-balance. That approach has been continued in this work as well.

— This is your first time directing a TV anime. Did you feel any pressure?

Tachikawa: I've been involved in TV series productions quite a bit, so I understood the general flow of directorial work. I thought I had a grasp on the workload, but it turned out to be more than I expected when I actually did it.

— Was it also because you wrote the script as the original creator?

Tachikawa: Yes, indeed (laughs). There was so much to do that I sometimes felt pressured midway through, thinking, "has it always been this much?"

― You say there was a lot of pressure, but as a viewer, I was impressed by how deliberate the production seemed, to the extent that one wouldn't think it was your first time directing. Various elements seemed well-controlled and utilized effectively, like how some material from the first episode was reused in the second, and how the action was strategically employed.

Tachikawa: I'm grateful to hear that. Regarding the distribution of effort, it was decided during the series composition phase where to have ups and downs. I believe it's not good if the first episode is the most interesting throughout the series. We need to keep building excitement towards the latter half. So, if there's a peak point, I thought it's important to intentionally lower the tension afterward and then build it up again. It's not about maintaining high tension from start to finish, but about balancing the ups and downs.

— Speaking of scripts, you're credited for series composition. Kenta Ihara is also credited for "screenplay cooperation." Could you explain how the work was divided?

Tachikawa: I had a slightly unconventional way of working on the script. At the beginning, I wrote the entire storyline I initially had in mind, all the way through to the final episode. Then, when going back to create the scripts, since I already had the story fully formed in my mind, I simply needed someone to provide objective feedback. This could be a producer or someone from the studio, but I thought it would be best to have input from a third party, especially a writer. So, I brought in Ihara-san for that role. He's actually a friend from my university days, and writes scripts for dramas.

— Oh, I see.

Tachikawa: I thought that a writer who had already worked with me in the past might be hesitant to be up front with me. I wanted someone who could give me direct feedback, so I asked him to join the project.

— Were there any parts that were revised based on Ihara-san's input?

Tachikawa: By the time Ihara-san joined, the structure was mostly set, so he provided guidance mainly on the most crucial points that needed adjustment. The first three episodes remained largely unchanged, but for the latter half, Ihara-san and I met more often, and we delved quite deeply into it together.

Characters' answers are presented objectively

— The second episode, "Death Reverse," serves as a sort of answer to the first episode, but was that structure planned from the beginning?

Tachikawa: No, that came about during the process of refining the script. Initially, I had planned to bring the answer section around the middle of the series. And the series initially started with the dark-haired woman already being in the bar. — So the setting was more similar to Death Billiards.

Tachikawa: But we changed the storyline halfway through the production because some people thought it would be more natural to start with their first encounter. At that time, we reorganized the story so that we would look back at what happened in the first episode from the dark-haired woman's point of view.

— You present what seems to be the correct answer to what the characters in episode 1 were going through in the next episode, but there are plenty of other interpretations possible, aren't there? For example, one could interpret it as Machiko falling into despair and emptiness after completely losing faith in her husband, who had lost his trust in her. How was this aspect considered? Tachikawa: In the first two episodes, I mainly wanted to convey that this work doesn't disregard all possibilities, and it leaves the interpretations of events up to the viewers. Even if the answers reached by the main characters aren't necessarily the truth, I felt it was necessary to present them authentically. The dark-haired woman believes something along the lines of, "Machiko intentionally became the villain to protect her husband," so that's what she says. It's not that this is definitively the "correct answer," but rather that it's not explicitly presented whether it is true or not. The dark-haired woman comes up with her own answer, Decim comes up with his own answer, and Nona, who was also present, arrives at yet another. — That’s true, the viewers get to hear all their different perspectives.

Tachikawa: On the other hand, it's debatable whether what Machiko said actually protected Takashi in the first place. Takashi is breaking down, and while he might have been freed from the guilt of killing his child, his life and love with Machiko has become a lie. Machiko meets her fate with a pained expression, but whether or not her actions were justified is another story. That said, while we try to keep outcomes ambiguous, we do aim to convey the feelings of each individual character and the answers that they personally come to in the end.

— With the exception of the first two episodes, the stories in the first half are basically standalone, right? Each episode introduces new guests and a new game. These days, it's rare to see an original TV anime where each episode ends with a standalone story.

Tachikawa: We wanted to challenge ourselves in a variety of ways, and that's why we made the episodes self-contained. One aspect of this is that it allows us to tackle a variety of topics. It’s fun to aim for a comedic tone, or maybe try a romantic subject; there’s a lot we can explore with this format. I also like the challenge of being able to create a complete narrative arc within the relatively short duration of each episode. Plus, I think viewers would get tired if they were only presented with intense stories all the time.

Conversational drama like a stage play and passionate performances by the cast

— One of the highlights of each episode is how the guests have different perspectives and gradually reveal their true feelings. Were there any conscious decisions in how to present this?

Tachikawa: When writing the script, I was conscious of creating an atmosphere that feels somewhat like being close to a stage, where the audience is right nearby.

— So, is it like engaging with the audience below the stage?

Tachikawa: Yes, that’s right. Also, regarding the dialogue, I wanted to structure it so that a character’s statement could be contracted by the other. Since everyone has a different perspective, I wanted to craft dialogue where they could refute one another naturally. I focused on ensuring that the tempo of the conversation flowed smoothly without dwelling on which line of dialogue was correct. For example, in episode 4, we have Misaki, a celebrity with a large family. What she feels stems from her background, but whether that resonates with Yosuke, a shut-in, isn’t clear. As mentioned by their actors, Morita Ichisei-san and Yamaguchi Yuriko-san, during the guest talk, the two of them appear to be having a conversation, but in reality, they are not truly communicating. Their perspectives are completely different, so even though they appear to be engaging with one another, their feelings are not reaching the other at all.

— Now that you mention it, I think there's an interesting aspect to the open-ended conversations scattered throughout the show. Tachikawa: I intended for the guest voice actors to perform their roles as though they were on stage, much like the kind of acting you'd see in a play. This series itself is crafted somewhat like a locked-room drama. It's about drawing out emotions from the interactions, almost like a vocal battle. Professional voice actors can bring out a wide variety of performances when you ask them to do so, so as a director, I wanted to challenge them in that regard. The sound director, Satoshi Motoyama-san, has been working with us since Death Billiards, so I feel that he understands the direction we are taking and he provides a ton of support accordingly. Since this series offers a snapshot of human life, I believe the passionate performances by the voice actors are a major highlight. ━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━ NOTE: I am not fluent in Japanese! I translated this with the help of a language partner. However, as neither of us are fluent in one another’s native tongue, there may be errors in the translation. I typically don’t share things I translate in my free time, but since no one has tackled these interviews in nearly 10 years, I figured it was nice to put these out there for folks who may be interested.

As a personal aside, as much as people insist that "anime is cinema" now, the presentation of the medium as a whole has firm roots in theater; particularly manzai, kabuki, and rakugo. Tachikawa's education in film probably prepared him to portray Death Parade with all the gravitas of a live theater performance while incorporating elements of reality television and his usual cinematic techniques, and I think his efforts really paid off here. That his first endeavor as a series creator, writer, and director was something so tightly produced at the age of 30 is no small effort, especially in the state of the industry at the time. There are many Japanese documentaries and essays that explore the connection between anime and theater. Once I get better at translating and become more educated in these topics as a whole, I'd really like to tackle them one day, because I find them fascinating to learn about and I don't think a lot of anime fans I've spoken to here really appreciate the link between the two mediums.

#death parade #staff interviews #yuzuru tachikawa #cloudytranslates #anime

[cloudynyxx]

I know it isn't exactly unique to be annoyed by the state of social media in general but getting a new Tumblr account in 2024 and seeing the "go ad free for $5/month" in the corner, being unable to access the site on my phone without the app, being unable to edit text posts in a separate window, and being limited to one embedded video per post is all a little disheartening.

I fixed the formatting on my interview because I'm dumb but the way things are divided in chunks now is odd too. It's much harder to edit text in general.

I'm hardly even a millennial so I probably should be used to this but blogging has changed so massively since I started doing it when I was young, and I guess hardly being online for the past 5ish years hasn't helped much either.

[cloudynyxx]

Interview of Death Parade Staff - Key Animators

The Appeal of Key Animation and the Joy of Animation Supervision Animator Roundtable Discussion

Shōsuke Ishibashi / 石橋 翔祐 [Key Animator] Takashi Kojima / 小島 崇史 [Key Animator] Ryōta Azuma / 東 亮太 [Animation Director / Key Animator] Izumi Murakami / 村上 泉 [Prop Design / Key Animator] — Please tell us about a memorable scene from "Death Parade" that you participated in

Azuma: I have mainly worked on PD Takuya's works, which is how I got involved in Death Parade. I was given the opportunity to be the animation director for episode six, which was a very unique episode. To be honest, I didn't have much experience as an animation director, so key cuts were handled by Kojima-san, Ishibashi-san, Murakami-san, and other skilled animators and artists, who made the important scenes more appealing. Especially Ishibashi-san. His cuts were the first to get delivered, and they had an enormous number of keyframes where Mayu was moving ecstatically with very detailed acting. It was completely different from the keyframes I usually draw, so I was shocked to see how he handled it. It had a positive influence on me. Murakami: I think Ishibashi-san created Mayu's character. Ishibashi: No, that's not it. Since I participated in episode six first, Mayu was the first character I animated. I was like, "Huh? Decim hasn’t shown up yet," (laughs). I worked on episode 4 afterwards. Murakami: When I joined, Ishibashi-san's rough animation was already complete, so I watched the footage and thought, "Mayu is a girl who moves like this," and I understood what to do. Also, Episode Director Shishido was the type to entrust a lot to the animators. Kojima: Yes, Shishido [Jun]-san's storyboards are very easy to visualize in motion. Speaking of memorable things, in Death Parade, there were many scenes where the space was constructed in 3D, right? Ishibashi: Yeah, that's right. The first scene I worked on was in front of the bar counter in Viginti in episode six. It was challenging because it was not originally constructed in 3D. But then when I started working on other episodes, I realized that this [3D layout] was easy. Kojima: Working with 3D layouts means you don't have to draw backgrounds [laughs], which is convenient, but I also worried that neglecting to draw them might make my skills in that area rusty, so I had some doubts about whether it was the right approach. Ishibashi: I understand that. But drawing so many kokeshi dolls was tough... Murakami: Oh, I'm sorry. It's my fault that there were so many kokeshi dolls. When I was asked by Tachikawa-san (series composer and director) to design a Japanese-style bar, I thought it would be nice to have lots of kokeshi dolls lined up like bottles of alcohol, so I drew the image board with that in mind...

— PD Takuya and Kurita-san mentioned that Kojima-san broadened the range of character acting in Death Parade.

Kojima: Is that so? That's great to hear. In the first episode we worked on around 55 cuts, and during the meeting, either Director Tachikawa or Director Shishido-san requested that I present the acting with all the intensity of someone emotionally breaking down in tears at a press conference. So, I watched some videos for reference and drew accordingly. When it came to the ninth episode, I was initially consulted about the air hockey scen, but wanting to try something new, I asked to work on the scene where Shimada's sister is assaulted instead. Ishibashi: I thought you were definitely going to choose hockey, so I was like, "Oh, this is it?” (laughs). The cut with the light glinting on the knife,  the acting was so skillful there that we left it untouched and just let it run as it was. Kojima: (laughs) Well, I can't help but feel like I've been doing nothing but pitiful scenes most of the time. Also, the skating scene in episode eleven was very difficult. Ishibashi: That scene was mainly handled by Murakami-san, right? I also participated a bit, like drawing the childhood skating scenes. Kojima: I was allowed to draw the start of the skating scene. I did about 4 cuts in that area. Murakami: As for me…I am filled with a feeling of wanting to fix it… Ishibashi: No, you did really well. You had quite a number of cuts, right?Murakami: The number of cuts was around twelve. With everyone's help, we managed to complete it somehow. We had assistance from the 2nd key animation team as well.

— It seems that episode eleven had one of the stricter schedules among all the episodes. Ishibashi: Indeed, I was worried about whether we could really broadcast the episode or not, but the atmosphere in the studio wasn’t tense at all, and I felt very good. It was more like, "Can we do it?" rather than "Oh no, oh no!" (laughs). In the end, we managed to complete it (laughs). Murakami: While drawing, I kept thinking, "I can't believe this is going to air in a week," "unbelievable." Ishibashi: I think it was because Kurita-san, PD Takuya, and desk clerk Nakatani (Satoshi) were people who had such a reassuring presence. When I heard laughter coming from their corner, I thought, "As long as Tachikawa-san is laughing, it will still be OK.” — Who was the easiest character to draw? Azuma: The dark-haired woman was relatively easy to draw, but Decim was quite challenging to get right. Kurita-san's designs are characterized by having their mouths positioned lower on their jaws, but when I started drawing, I unconsciously kept placing the mouth too high… Kojima: All the main characters were difficult. Decim especially was a total struggle for me. Personally, I might not be good with characters who lack expressions. I found it enjoyable to draw characters with expressive faces or those in despair. Ishibashi: I found the dark-haired woman somewhat difficult to draw, but Decim was relatively easier for me. With guest characters, there was some flexibility in altering their faces, which might have been influenced by Kojima-kun's work in episode 1, where he broadened the scope of the acting. Murakami: I had already given up on trying to make them look on-model (laughs). Kurita-san's characters, when drawn by him, are very beautiful, but if you don't draw them well, the balance gets messed up. It's beyond me... (laughs). Also, in episode six, drawing Memine the cat was challenging. Azuma: But you were the one who could draw the cat the best. It was really helpful while working as an animation director. Murakami: Really? I didn't know what to do, so I started with a lot of cat sketches. Ishibashi: In episode six, Murakami-san drew great facial expressions in the live scene in the C part. Especially when everyone was like, "Yay!" (laughs). Speaking of what left an impression on me, in episode nine where I was the animation director, Hiromi Ishigami-san, Ryoma Ebata-san, Tetsuya Masuda-san, and Akitsugu Hisagi-san participated as key animators, and it was really enjoyable. Ishigami-san is my senior, but it had been about 7 years since I last saw her original drawings, and I was again impressed by how good she is. Ebata-san's presentation of Tatsumi smoking a cigarette and putting it out with his foot had a very good sense of perspective. Ebata-san was also in charge of the part during the ending theme, where the emotions were conveyed amazingly even without any dialogue. And Masuda-san also did a lot of keyframes. I personally like Masuda-san's drawings, so I got excited whenever I received his keyframes... But even though I'm talking so familiarly, I don't actually know Masuda-san at all (laughs).

— So you've only seen his keyframes.

Ishibashi: That's right. So when I came to the studio for the animation meetings, I wanted to meet him... I was saying "Masuda-san, Masuda-san" so much that they thought we were old acquaintances, but no one told me "Masuda-san is here" (laughs). I was shocked (laughs). Azuma: As an animation director, it makes me happy when I receive wonderful keyframe drawings. This time, there were a lot of good people of a similar age as me who participated, and I was glad that I was able to get a lot of inspiration from them. Kojima: As for what left an impression... Well, due to certain circumstances, I didn't work inside the building, so I feel like there's a bit of a difference in atmosphere here (laughs). But if I had been working inside, it would have been a bit more enjoyable, so it's a bit disappointing (laughs). Ishibashi: Kojima-kun and I have worked together at a different company before so I was looking forward to working together again, but when I heard that you wouldn't be joining the company, I was a little disappointed. Kojima: Since I didn't have many opportunities to meet people this time, I'll try my best to work in the studio next time (laughs). Ishibashi: (laughs) Speaking of disappointments... Personally, I wish I could have seen more of Kurita-san's keyframes. Like in the first episode, the scene where Decim pulls out the thread. Or in part C of episode three, when Chiyuki does that flourish at the end. Every time I thought, "Who did this!?", it turned out to be mostly Kurita-san (laughs). Kurita-san always talks as if he hasn't done anything, but I thought that was unfair. Murakami: He did mention he wanted to do keyframes. Ishibashi: When someone is that skilled, of course they would want to do keyframes. As an animation supervisor, you're in a supportive role, helping with the difficult parts and making sure the characters are on-model, so the keyframes are more exciting. Kojima: But as a Chief Animation Supervisor, Mr. Kurita, was able to make corrections in a way that preserved the good points of the person in charge of the original drawings, and I think this is one of the reasons why I enjoyed working on this project.

— Murakami-san, is there any particular scene that left an impression on you?

Murakami: Working on the figure skating scenes was really fun, but bowling was also really enjoyable. My previous project [Ace of Diamond] also had sports-related elements. Sports movements are different from everyday actions; they're very straightforward. For example, if you're "throwing a ball," you're solely focused on the act of throwing. That aspect makes your work very focused and exciting. During the bowling scenes, I consciously tried to convey the weight of the ball. However, the fun part is from drawing to the rough animation. When you’re in it, you think, "This might work," but when it comes together as a finished visual, you end up reflecting, "It's not as good as I hoped," right? Ishibashi, isn't that how all animators feel? [Ishibashi laughs]. The linetest is probably the most intense emotionally (laughs). There's no color or anything decided, so your imagination can run wild.

— It seems like the animators had quite a bit of freedom in their drawings, from what I've heard.

Ishibashi: When we were asked to "do this part," there were many areas where we had a lot of freedom. It might have been a bit challenging, but it allowed animators to expand their creativity. Kojima: It was easy for me too. I really enjoyed the work. Azuma: Especially with guest characters, since they only appear in that particular episode, I think they were given a lot of freedom to draw. Mayu in episode six, for example, was a character where we were told we could go all out with the comedic, exaggerated expressions, so there was a lot of freedom. Ishibashi: Mayu's face when she's hit with wind from below was really something (laughs). Murakami: Yes, there were many cuts where we could do whatever we wanted with the acting. Ishibashi: When we were asked to "do this part," there were many areas where we had a lot of freedom. It might have been a bit challenging, but it allowed animators to expand their creativity. Kojima: It was easy for me too. I really enjoyed the work. Azuma: Especially with guest characters, since they only appear in that particular episode, I think they were given a lot of freedom to draw. Mayu in episode six, for example, was a character where we were told we could go all out with the comedic, exaggerated expressions, so there was a lot of freedom. Ishibashi: Mayu's face when she's hit with wind from below was really something (laughs). Murakami: Yes, there were many cuts where we could do whatever we wanted with the acting.

—  Looking back on the series, were there any episodes that left a deep impression on you?

Kojima: I like episodes eight and nine. They're a bit gut-wrenching, but there's something about the feeling of hopelessness that I appreciate. You don't see stories like that often. Ishibashi: I'm quite sensitive, so watching sad stories makes me sad too. I prefer more gentle endings, like in episode three. Also, the farewell between Chiyuki and Decim in episode twelve, that scene made me cry a lot (laughs). Murakami: When I saw episode twelve, I thought, "I was doing a ‘good story’ anime" (laughs). This series had different vibes for each episode, which was interesting, but episode six had a really good balance... The story was wild, and so was the animation. It was a lot of fun to watch. However, just before it aired, I started worrying, "Did we go too far?" "Is it going to be okay?" Even Shishido-san, who storyboarded it, was worried. Azuma: Is that so? I thought episode six was interesting from the moment I started working on it (laughs). So, I wasn't worried at all. I was like, "It's definitely going to be fun! Watch it!" Ishibashi: Actually, what made me wonder if it would be okay was the opening. When I first saw the storyboard, I thought, "Huh? Is this really for Death Parade?" (laughs). Azuma: Yes, that's right. When I heard the song, I was so excited that I thought, "Oh! (laughs). [Murakami laughs] Overall, this project was challenging, but it was also enjoyable.

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NOTE: I am not fluent in Japanese! I translated this with the help of a language partner. However, as neither of us are fluent in one another's native tongue, there may be errors in the translation. I typically don't share things I translate in my free time, but since no one has tackled these interviews in nearly 10 years, I figured it was nice to put these out there for folks who may be interested.

#death parade #anime #translation #interview #anime interview #takashi kojima #yuzuru tachikawa #mayu arita #ginti #decim #chiyuki #cloudytranslates