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How I cared for my brother and his family suffering from Corona
As long as you are cautious and following Covid appropriate behavior, you are safe.
My brother, his wife and two kids were corona positive in the month of April. My Brother works for a PSE in Visakhapatnam, He was infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus while sharing mobile phone of his colleague, who had little cough and cold. Within 2-3 days’ symptoms started appearing on all family members. The first RTPCR of my brother was Negative but symptoms got aggravated. Fever with body temp 103 °C did not reduced even after Dolo650, choked throat and body ache started weakening his body. Similar symptoms noticed in his wife and children. He has two sons, under 11 years’ age. Wife and children had vomiting tendencies in addition to these symptoms. I and all our family members were afraid of their health as there was nobody except his office colleague and neighbors to help them in those miserable situation. In a weeks’ time all were fell severely ill lying helpless on bed at home. One kind lady in same apartment was sending food for them. A colleague from office use to drop medicine and medical essentials at his doors step.
I was in Haridwar, impatiently waiting for my RTPCR report. I had taken Covid19 test due to came in contact with my Boss in office who were diagnosed Covid positive. On third days of giving sample my report comes Negative. I booked flight to Vishakhapatnam, my wife looked depressed holding my 2.8 years’ son on her lap. I assured her of my safe return. Soon she realizes and supported me in bag packing and prepared some snacks for the children.
I had bought lots of Surgical Mask and Gloves along with few N95 mask and face shields. I wore a pair of hand gloves, surgical mask on top of N95 mask to tightly cover-up my nose and mouth. I also kept a handy sanitizer bottle inside pocket for frequent hand sanitization. Before boarding the flight, I also used the face shield given at the airport which I removed only after reaching Hotel in Visakhapatnam. It was total 10 hrs journey, via Delhi to be covered in two connecting flights. Late night I reached Hotel, which i had booked on the way. I was suffocating and had persistent headache due to prolonged use of mask and face shield. First time, I realized how difficult it is for Doctors & health workers who are working day and night in PPEKit.
My Brother was hospitalized with Oxygen support a day before I reached Visakhapatnam. His SPO2 had fallen to 85 and had suffered from dry cough, chest congestion and breathlessness. Doctors asked us to arrange Remdesivir Injection as soon as possible. Luckily we could arrange Remdesivir through an unknown person, whom I had paid 1.5 lakh in advance when he was in Hyderabad, trusting him that he will deliver Injections in Vizag the next day.
The first day, I met Doctor in hospital to inquire my brother’s condition, he said,“Remdesivir is not a magical medicine”, then he spoke about a list of medicine, which i did not understand. What i understood was, the brother condition was deteriorating. I requested him to allow me to meet my brother using PPE kit, but he denied. A lady staff on reception consoled me, she said, “Sir will allow only if the patient condition is severe, so your brother is okay”. There were only grief and sorrow inside and around hospital, sudden sound of crying out of anxiety or death was quite common. People said, every day one or two dead bodies come out from hospital.
It was a full Covid hospital, I use to wear full shirts & jeans, uses double mask and Face shield, while in hospital and anywhere outside hotel. On return to hotel I used to dispose my hand gloves, surgical mask, keep my shoes outside hotel room and sprayed surface disinfectant over it. Then, I rushed to bathroom, take hot water bath, wash all cloths and keep aside face shield untouched for two days. After bath, I inhale steam for 5 minutes before taking rest.
Second day, third dose of Remdesivir was given, Doctor told me the blood thinner medicine does not suits to my brother, therefore he has to rely on Remdesivir. My brother was on 2 LPM oxygen support. I asked if there was enough oxygen supply to Hospital, they said till now, “yes”.
Every morning and night, I use to deliver breakfast and dinner to my Brother’s family at their door step. Sometimes send favorite snacks for the kids in the evening, which brought smile on their faces, on those morbid situations. Occasionally I used to see kids and Bhabi, from the open door, and try to boost them up.
Third day, Brother conditions was not improving, Doctor said, “I have given last dose of Steroid, let’s see, either positive or negative”. He advised me to search for Ventilator bed elsewhere, as it was already occupied in hospital. That day two dead bodies come out from hospital.
I tried to spend less time in hospital, except to meet doctor. I did not seat and eat in hotel rather bring parcel from outside. My hotel did not provide food or water in room service, they were following full safety measures. I was restless whole night thinking of my brother condition.
Fourth day, Morning 7 o’clock I got call from brother, he was feeling alright, I thanked God for everything. I was happy but eager to know Doctor’s view. I met Doctor at 2 PM after his rounds in Covid ward. Doctors said, “I am positive, till yesterday I was negative”. Doctors word was like big relief for me, I smiled with wet eyes.
My brother stayed for another three days in hospital as his oxygen was not stable, with great difficulties we arranged an oxygen cylinder for home. But more important and difficult task was to build confidence in him, that he was alright without external oxygen support also. At night 10 o’clock, I drove back home from hospital, getting my brother seated on back seat of his own car. He was relaxed and happy, taking fresh air from open window, till we reach home. After dropping home, I came back to Hotel, as soon as I entered room, I got a call from him that oxygen does not comes out from oxygen cylinder…..silence….we both laughed. My brother doesn’t use external oxygen thereafter; he was happier together meeting his family. Although, he kept with him the cylinder for one day, which the oxygen supplier had fixed its malfunctioned valve the next morning.
I returned back to Haridwar safely on 8th day, had my RAT and RTPCR tested Negative, but my ordeal was big Positive. (At last I would like to thank my brother’s colleague specially Gautham and Ashwini who supported in taking care of my brother).
Thank you for reading !
How I cared for my brother and his family suffering from Corona was originally published on How to Calculate
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Fossils Are Not Really Bones But In Fact Rocks
Ever wondered how the world came to know about the existence of dinosaurs? Or the other amazing creatures that last walked the earth millions of years ago? Well, fossils are the key to unlocking this mystery. NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science tells us that fossils are not really bones but in fact rocks. Let us understand what are fossils? and how they formed.
How are fossils formed?
When an animal dies in an environment that has moving sediment, like a river or an ocean, its soft parts like flesh decompose until only the bones remain. The bones also have organic components like RBC and collagen which break down over the course of time, leaving only inorganic materials like calcium. The bones become porous, and these pores are eventually filled by other minerals in the sediment, literally turning it into stone. The process of fossilization is comparable to a sponge that has soaked up a lot of glue. I.e., the physical structure remains the same.
Of course, bones are not the only things that can be fossilized. Footprints, especially the ones made near a river bank will fill with sediments and eventually harden, turning it into a cast. Similarly, animal dung (also called coprolites), teeth, tunnels and animal burrows also fossilize, giving us an insight into the animal and its behavior.
How are fossils dated?
The date of fossils and their surrounding sediments are very hard to determine directly. Instead, there are two alternatives to find out the date of the fossils namely Absolute dating and Relative dating.
Absolute dating
In absolute dating methods, the exact age of the fossils is found through various tools like carbon dating, radiometric dating. Here, the half-life of an element that is trapped in the fossil is used to arrive upon the exact age or the age range of the fossil.
Relative dating
Relative dating measures the age of the fossil in relation to another fossil or site. In other words, the exact age of the fossils cannot be determined, but rather, which of the two artifacts predates the other. This technique employs stratigraphy, where the layers of rock and their positioning are studied. This gives an insight into the geographical timescale and inferences from these are used to estimate an age range for a fossil. In conclusion, this was everything you need to know about fossils.
You can find the most comprehensive and detailed answers for all your exam questions through NCERT Solutions, These topics and concepts are explained in a simple language aimed for easy understanding. From fossils to Faraday’s Laws, discover everything you need to know for your upcoming exams.
Fossils Are Not Really Bones But In Fact Rocks was originally published on How to Calculate
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How Much You Can Earn From YouTube-Making online Video
YouTube has become the easiest way to make money by creating online videos. There are plenty of trending YouTube channels which makes a huge sum of money in internet. You must be thinking how much these YouTube channels are earning through making online videos. There are plethora of funny videos, Stand-up comedy, laughter club, Political, cookery show, tech or geek shows over internet, are these making money online ? The answer is yes, but if the question is how much money they earn from Youtube, the answer is quite difficult. It depend upon popularity of your videos and the number of subscriber you have for your channels and also what type of audience you attract. There are some who have made a living out of YouTube videos, however there are many who struggle to attract audiences. Let us understand how one can earn from Youtube.
How YouTube Pays Money?
Google directly deposits the amount to your bank a/c once you crossed the threshold limit of 100$. Ahh ! i hope you don't want this one line answer to the question in title. Actually, YouTube does not pay any money for making videos. But, you get money through placing ads on your videos. You will receive ads through Google Adsense which is a monetization program by Goolge. Therefore i wrote 'Google pays' in first line of this para. You need to first fulfill Google Adsense's eligibility requirements, which is as follows.
Your YouTube Channel should reach 4,000 watch hours in the past 12 months and get 1,000 subscribers.
Once you meet the requirements, you need to place ads on your channels. You must have seen ads appearing on online YouTube videos. Google pays in two ways for its advertisements
CPC- Cost per Click. These are display ads. You will be paid for every click on the ads by the viewers.
CPM- Cost per mille. It means cost per 1000 views of the ads. These are video ads, generally run before start of videos. You will get paid for every 1000 views of these ads, if a visitors skip these ads then it will not be considered for cost calculation.
Moreover the CPC and CPM rates depend upon various factors like whats the Niche (category of videos), country where it is shown, types of ads you allow on your channels, age group of audience etc. These things may not be in you control however you can increase your income by increasing the number of subscribers and number of viewers/audience. There is a term called CTR (Click Through Rate), It is a hypothetical figure which tells us that how many percentage of people will click on the ads among total number of people watched your video.
How YouTube Income is Calculated:
Suppose You have YouTube Channel in Technology Niche. You have the 20000 subscriber or fan base. It means once you upload a video on Youtube channel then a minimum of 20000 people will watch it. Suppose in one day, If your Fans share it and there is 1 Lakh impressions of your videos over internet. Assume 5% CTR, for your YouTube Channel, meaning 5% of people (5000) who watched video will click on the Advertisement flashing at during video starting.
Assume CPC of 0.5 dollar and CPM of 2 dollar , then your total daily income will be.
Total CPC based income: 0.5*5000=2500 dollar
Total CPM Based income: 2* 100,000/1000=200 dollar
Therefore Total income for 1Lakh view in o day = 2700 dollar
Your monthly income depends upon total number of views in that month. However the exact calculation on total views are displayed in Google Adsence account.
Also read: How to calculate Google Adsence for your blog
It is already mentioned that the two (CPC/CPM) method of monetization are the main source of earning for a YouTubers. To achieve better earning you need to increase your fan base over internet, therefore the number of subscriber is important for any Youtube channels in the beginning. To stand in top you need to have distinctive niche with quality video. These may lead to a create brand of your self. Then the doors to other means of income opens such as Affiliate marketing, Sponsorship and Promotional.
How Much You Can Earn From Youtube?
The simple answer for this question is that you can make a living out it, but you have to be creative and technology freak. Many Youtubers do not disclose but some shared about their earning in interviews. As per media reports the top millionaires in India whose income is solely from YouTube Channels are Tanmay Bhatt, Bhuvam Bam, Nisha Madhulika, Ranjit kumar, Shruti Anand, Sanam Puri and many. Each one of them are the master of their videos channels category in terms of style, knowledge and deleverables.
So, at last I want to say that don’t start YouTube just for earning money. Start YouTube as a passion. Whatever you like make videos on it with your own original content. Initially don’t think for earning just focus on your content. If your content is good then only audience will come and will engage with your Channel and if audience engage with your channel then you will start earning good amount. Because, you can earn very good amount from Sponsorship then Google Adsense. The most famous youtubers earn a high amount of money from sponsorship only.
Read the full article
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How Much You Can Earn From YouTube-Making online Video
YouTube has become the easiest way to make money by creating online videos. There are plenty of trending YouTube channels which makes a huge sum of money in internet. You must be thinking how much these YouTube channels are earning through making online videos. There are plethora of funny videos, Stand-up comedy, laughter club, Political, cookery show, tech or geek shows over internet, are these making money online ? The answer is yes, but if the question is how much money they earn from Youtube, the answer is quite difficult. It depend upon popularity of your videos and the number of subscriber you have for your channels and also what type of audience you attract. There are some who have made a living out of YouTube videos, however there are many who struggle to attract audiences. Let us understand how one can earn from Youtube.
How YouTube Pays Money?
Google directly deposits the amount to your bank a/c once you crossed the threshold limit of 100$. Ahh ! i hope you don’t want this one line answer to the question in title. Actually, YouTube does not pay any money for making videos. But, you get money through placing ads on your videos. You will receive ads through Google Adsense which is a monetization program by Goolge. Therefore i wrote ‘Google pays’ in first line of this para. You need to first fulfill Google Adsense’s eligibility requirements, which is as follows.
Your YouTube Channel should reach 4,000 watch hours in the past 12 months and get 1,000 subscribers.
Once you meet the requirements, you need to place ads on your channels. You must have seen ads appearing on online YouTube videos. Google pays in two ways for its advertisements
CPC- Cost per Click. These are display ads. You will be paid for every click on the ads by the viewers.
CPM- Cost per mille. It means cost per 1000 views of the ads. These are video ads, generally run before start of videos. You will get paid for every 1000 views of these ads, if a visitors skip these ads then it will not be considered for cost calculation.
Moreover the CPC and CPM rates depend upon various factors like whats the Niche (category of videos), country where it is shown, types of ads you allow on your channels, age group of audience etc. These things may not be in you control however you can increase your income by increasing the number of subscribers and number of viewers/audience. There is a term called CTR (Click Through Rate), It is a hypothetical figure which tells us that how many percentage of people will click on the ads among total number of people watched your video.
How YouTube Income is Calculated:
Suppose You have YouTube Channel in Technology Niche. You have the 20000 subscriber or fan base. It means once you upload a video on Youtube channel then a minimum of 20000 people will watch it. Suppose in one day, If your Fans share it and there is 1 Lakh impressions of your videos over internet. Assume 5% CTR, for your YouTube Channel, meaning 5% of people (5000) who watched video will click on the Advertisement flashing at during video starting.
Assume CPC of 0.5 dollar and CPM of 2 dollar , then your total daily income will be.
Total CPC based income: 0.5*5000=2500 dollar
Total CPM Based income: 2* 100,000/1000=200 dollar
Therefore Total income for 1Lakh view in o day = 2700 dollar
Your monthly income depends upon total number of views in that month. However the exact calculation on total views are displayed in Google Adsence account.
Also read: How to calculate Google Adsence for your blog
It is already mentioned that the two (CPC/CPM) method of monetization are the main source of earning for a YouTubers. To achieve better earning you need to increase your fan base over internet, therefore the number of subscriber is important for any Youtube channels in the beginning. To stand in top you need to have distinctive niche with quality video. These may lead to a create brand of your self. Then the doors to other means of income opens such as Affiliate marketing, Sponsorship and Promotional.
How Much You Can Earn From Youtube?
The simple answer for this question is that you can make a living out it, but you have to be creative and technology freak. Many Youtubers do not disclose but some shared about their earning in interviews. As per media reports the top millionaires in India whose income is solely from YouTube Channels are Tanmay Bhatt, Bhuvam Bam, Nisha Madhulika, Ranjit kumar, Shruti Anand, Sanam Puri and many. Each one of them are the master of their videos channels category in terms of style, knowledge and deleverables.
So, at last I want to say that don’t start YouTube just for earning money. Start YouTube as a passion. Whatever you like make videos on it with your own original content. Initially don’t think for earning just focus on your content. If your content is good then only audience will come and will engage with your Channel and if audience engage with your channel then you will start earning good amount. Because, you can earn very good amount from Sponsorship then Google Adsense. The most famous youtubers earn a high amount of money from sponsorship only.
How Much You Can Earn From YouTube-Making online Video was originally published on How to Calculate
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Tatkal Ticket Cancellation and Refund Rules-(2018)
Tatkal ticket cancellation is always in question when you have confirmed, waiting list or partial confirmed tickets. Earlier, when you were able to cancel waitlisted tatkal ticket only before 24 hrs of train departure, now in 2018 you can cancel your tatkal waiting list ticket up to 30 minutes of train departure. Here we can understand in detail the new tatkal waiting list ticket cancellation rules and refund of cancellation amount.
Tatkal tickets are of great relief to people who has urgent travel plans. One can book tatkal tickets one day before of actual journey date. But getting a confirmed tatkal tickets are not always easy. While booking online at irctc website, we sometimes end up with waiting list tatkal tickets. The irctc new guidelines says the general quota waitlisted tickets (GNWL) are preferred over tatkal quota waitlisted ticket (TQWL). Now the question arises can tatkal ticket be cancelled? specially when you have the wailiting list tatkal ticket. let us understand one by one.
Cancellation of Confirmed Tatkal Tickets:
If you have confirmed tatkal tickets, in which all the passenger in the ticket have confirmed birth, then you will get zero refund upon ticket cancellation. It means no refund is granted for cancellation of confirmed tatkal ticket. However you may get refund of full amount in case of following circumstances.
The train is delayed by more than 3 hours at journey originating point.
Train is diverted from actual route.
Passenger is not allotted in the same class as booked in ticket.
Passenger is allotted same coach as booked in ticket.
Train is cancelled.
Cancellation of Waiting list Tatkal Tickets:
If tatkal ticket remains Waitliset or RAC after chart preparation then cancellation of tatkal tickets is allowed till 30 minutes before scheduled departure of train or the tickets get auto cancelled if it is booked through irctc website and the amount is refunded after deducting of Clearkage charges. If you have booked through railway reservation counter then you need to visit railway counter for cancellation or file TDR.
Read: How IRCTC Cancellation charges are calculated and what is Clearkage Charges.
Tickets booked through IRCTC website get refund directly on the same payment mode from which the ticket is booked. The tickets booked through Railway reservation counter are refunded in cash.
Read: online cancellation of counter ticket
Cancellation of Partially Confirmed Tatkal Tickets:
If in a waitlisted ticket, at-least one passenger in the ticket have confirmed birth then it is considered as partially confirmed ticket. When a tatkal ticket gets partially confirmed after chart preparation then you are allowed to cancel the tickets and gets full refund after deducting of Clearkage charges. However all the passenger of a partial confirmed tatkal tickets are allowed to board train.
Tatkal waitlisted tickets are always a concern due to its high ticket pricing. It is always advisable to take tatkal ticket when you are confirmed about your journey. But cancellation of Tatkal tickets has given relief to those who might mistakenly booked wrong tatkal tickets. I hope the above rules on cancellation and refund of tatkal ticket might help people in need.
Tatkal Ticket Cancellation and Refund Rules-(2018) was originally published on How to Calculate
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Consolidated List of Stocks Under Additional Surveillance Measures (ASM)
According to BSE notice dated June 4, 2018, as many 109 securities are brought under Additional Surveillance Measure (ASM) framework w.e.f 5th june, 2018. This notice is seen as extension of earlier notice on March 31, 2018, wherein stocks of 37 companies was first under ASM framework. A consolidated list of stock under ASM framework as released by BSE are mentioned below. Stock Exchanges have introduced ASM mainly to keep surveillance on the trading activities (price and volume) on particular stocks in the interests of investors. therefore the the stocks of these 109 companies will be under surveillance by exchanges. The shortlisting of securities under ASM Framework is purely on account of market surveillance and it should not be construed as an adverse action against the concerned company/entity.
Additional Surveillance Measure
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and Exchanges take various measure to safeguard interest of investors, such as reduction in price band, periodic call auction and transfer of securities to Trade to Trade or T2T category from time to time. This time exchanges have taken additional measure called as ASM to control on price variation and volatility of securities.
The surveillance action on these securities are as under:
Securities shall be placed in Price Band of 5%
Margins shall be levied at the rate of 100%
It means securities are allowed only 5% drop or rise in price in one trading session (a circuit of 5%). And you need 100% money to trade in these stocks. You cannot do intra-day trade using credits from broker. You will have to of these stock Market participants may note that ASM framework shall be in conjunction with all other prevailing surveillance measures being imposed by the Exchanges from time to time. It means that you have to pay full amount when you buy the stock and you can sell stock only if you have in securities in your Demat account. No speculation (Trading) is allowed in these stock. To elaborate more, some brokers gives credit facilities for their client by keeping 35% or 40% margin . Now it is compulsory to keep 100% margin. Some people are confused about 100% margin concept. If you have paid full amount of stock, then No margin is required. This 100% margin concept is for speculators (Traders) who do not pay full amount of stock and avails credit facilities from their Brokers.
Consolidated list of stock under ASM
As per BSE notice the list of stock under ASM framework are mentioned below. There are six companies from group ‘A’ category and 37 companies from group ‘B’ Category and rest are from group T, X, XT, Z and P category.
Serial No. Scrip Code ISIN Stock Trade forTrade BSE Group 1 538570 INE860P01025 Achal Investments Yes XT 2 517356 INE167B01025 ACI Infocom Yes XT 3 521070 INE270A01011 Alok Industries – T 4 507525 INE866E01026 Amrit Corp – X 5 520077 INE130C01021 Amtek Auto – Z 6 540692 INE346W01013 Apex Frozen Foods – X 7 511064 INE099M01027 Aplaya Creations – X 8 500016 INE957C01019 Aruna Hotels – XT 9 526187 INE293C01019 Ashram Online.Com – XT 10 507526 INE073G01016 Associated Alcohols & Breweries – X 11 539018 INE213D01015 Beekay Steel Industries – X 12 500052 INE922A01025 Bhansali Engineering Polymers – X 13 523229 INE415D01024 Bharat Seats – X 14 533321 INE607L01029 Bil Energy Systems Yes T 15 500020 INE032A01023 Bombay Dyeing & Mfg Company – A 16 532678 INE589G01011 Bombay Rayon Fashions Yes T 17 540006 INE595R01015 Bullish Bonds & Holdings Yes XT 18 517421 INE295F01017 Butterfly Gandhimathi Appliances – B 19 511742 INE583D01011 Chokhani Securities – X 20 532342 INE354B01029 Commex Technology Yes XT 21 539131 INE767G01013 Crescent Leasing – X 22 522163 INE989C01012 Diamond Power Infrastructure Yes T 23 506414 INE225B01013 Dil – X 24 540047 INE917M01012 Dilip Buildcon – A 25 538653 INE649L01013 Ejecta Marketing – X 26 533264 INE481K01013 Electrosteel Steels Yes T 27 533218 INE778K01012 Emami Infrastructure – B 28 530333 INE128F01010 Emgee Cables & Communications – P 29 500650 INE369A01029 Excel Industries – B 30 514474 INE719D01011 Fairdeal Filaments – X 31 533333 INE045J01026 Fineotex Chemical – B 32 502865 INE518A01013 Forbes & Company – B 33 539730 INE194R01017 Fredun Pharmaceuticals – XT 34 539228 INE480S01018 Gala Global Products – B 35 512493 INE590B01010 Garnet International Yes XT 36 539407 INE854S01014 Generic Engineering Construction – X 37 509567 INE426D01013 Goa Carbon – B 38 538787 INE997C01015 Goenka Business & Finance – X 39 532439 INE260D01016 Goldstone Infratech – B 40 509488 INE371A01025 Graphite India – B 41 532951 INE871H01011 GSS Infotech – B 42 532775 INE221H01019 GTL Infrastructure Yes T 43 532708 INE251H01024 GVK Power & Infrastructure – B 44 509631 INE545A01016 HEG – B 45 509675 INE557A01011 HIL – B 46 500184 INE019C01026 Himadri Speciality Chemical – B 47 509627 INE551A01022 Hindustan Dorr-Oliver – T 48 500201 INE560A01015 India Glycols – B 49 532960 INE274G01010 Indiabulls Ventures – A 50 533207 INE099J01015 Jaypee Infratech Yes T 51 514034 INE187A01017 JBF Industries Yes T 52 531543 INE247D01021 Jindal Worldwide – B 53 539679 INE332Q01015 Kapil Raj Finance – X 54 532054 INE291D01011 KDDL – B 55 532997 INE143H01015 KSK Energy Ventures – B 56 530149 INE219A01026 KSL & Industries – X 57 532081 INE216D01026 KSS Yes T 58 539992 INE093R01011 Lloyds Steels Industries Yes T 59 513269 INE993A01026 Man Industries (India) – B 60 500279 INE831A01028 Mirc Electronics – B 61 530047 INE313D01013 Mohota Industries Yes T 62 505343 INE811D01024 Monotype India – X 63 500298 INE585A01020 National Peroxide – B 64 538772 INE480D01010 Niyogin Fintech – B 65 538547 INE189Q01019 Oasis Tradelink Yes B 66 533317 INE474L01016 Omkar Speciality Chemicals – B 67 530135 INE350C01017 Optiemus Infracom – B 68 501179 INE221D01018 Oscar Investments Yes XT 69 539007 INE115R01012 Pincon Lifestyle Yes Z 70 506022 INE603A01013 Prakash Industries – B 71 511116 INE527B01020 Quadrant Televentures – X 72 532497 INE944F01028 Radico Khaitan – A 73 500339 INE855B01025 Rain Industries – A 74 514223 INE410D01017 Ramgopal Polytex Yes T 75 533107 INE542F01012 Reliance Naval and Engineering – A 76 519097 INE534D01014 Ritesh International Yes XT 77 519260 INE890C01046 Sanwaria Consumer – B 78 531893 INE248B01015 Sawaca Business Machines – X 79 531925 INE545N01019 Shantanu Sheorey Aquakult – XT 80 538212 INE909D01026 Sharp Investments – X 81 533520 INE126M01010 SORIL Holdings and Ventures – T 82 536799 INE002J01027 SRS Finance – X 83 533569 INE219H01039 SRS – T 84 533305 INE953I01023 SRS Real Infrastructure – X 85 531723 INE224E01028 Stampede Capital – T 86 570005 INE224E01036 Stampede Capital – DVR – B 87 512299 INE324C01038 Sterling Biotech Yes Z 88 508998 INE696C01021 Sterling International Enterprises Yes Z 89 532711 INE305H01028 Sunil Hitech Engineers – B 90 535141 INE338O01025 Sunstar Realty Development – T 91 530677 INE822E01011 Supreme Holdings & Hospitality (India) – XT 92 532904 INE550H01011 Supreme Infrastructure India – B 93 506863 INE716M01026 Swadeshi Industries & Leasing – X 94 533200 INE502K01016 Talwalkars Better Value Fitness – B 95 540108 INE864T01011 Tiaan Ayurvedic & Herbs – X 96 504966 INE422C01014 Tinplate Company of India – B 97 532812 INE804H01012 Transwarranty Finance – B 98 526957 INE493E01029 Uniply Decor – X 99 532765 INE235G01011 Usher Agro – B 100 500254 INE292A01023 Uttam Value Steels Yes T 101 523261 INE398A01010 Venkys (India) – B 102 537820 INE159N01027 Viji Finance – B 103 534741 INE247C01023 Virtual Global Education – X 104 532411 INE861A01058 Visesh Infotecnics Yes T 105 536128 INE211P01021 VKJ Infradevelopers Yes XT 106 523660 INE054C01015 Waterbase – X 107 522029 INE052A01021 Windsor Machines – B 108 522108 INE384C01016 Yuken India – X 109 512553 INE058B01018 Zenith Exports – T
Consolidated List of Stocks Under Additional Surveillance Measures (ASM) was originally published on How to Calculate
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Tips To Excel In Maths Examination
Maths seems to be a nightmare to many students, whereas only a few of the students find it to be an interesting subject. The real fact about the subject is that it is so pure that it always give a precise and accurate answer. The subject of mathematics involves a great understanding and skills, which can be attained through a lot of practice. Maths involves the study of numbers, theorems, proofs, formulas, pattern, etc. all of which have a real-life implementation. Having a good understanding helps to build our logical reasoning skills, which moreover helps to excel in Maths in the class examination.
Let us have a look at some tips that can help in having a good understanding of the subject.
Have Proper Understanding of the Fundamentals
Maths is all about having a good understanding of the concepts and its application in a real-life scenario. For example, calculation of percentage itself is used many times in day-to-day life. So memorizing the concepts, formulas won’t be fruitful, rather one shall focus on building the concepts. Having a good knowledge of the subject also helps in scoring well in the examination. For scoring well in the maths examination, it is essential to have good knowledge of the important concepts like Coordinate Geometry, Geometry, Numbers etc.
Practice Regularly
Confidence cannot be built within a fortnight, one needs to have a continuous practice for a prolonged duration. Thus it is essential for the students to have a good practice to avoid anxiety and fear for the examination. Regular practice helps to retain the concepts for a longer time and also helps to build up the confidence, which overall help to excel in the examination.
Analyze your solution
In mathematics, there can be more than one method for solving a question. Thus analyzing the solution can help students to identify their mistakes and help them to resolve their repeated error. This analysis helps in building up the fundamentals and their application.
Never skip the Homework
Homework helps students to get aware of the different pattern of questions that can be framed in the examination. Many students think it as a burden, but by solving questions assigned for homework, one can recall the concepts taught in the classroom. Also with regular practice, it is easy to master the concepts that will help to improve the result.
All these techniques help students to practice Maths regularly and help them to focus more on understanding the concepts rather than memorizing them. This helps students to excel in mathematics and enjoy learning the subject. Various topics like Permutation and Combination, Number System etc. can be easily understood by following these techniques. Students can subscribe to our YouTube channel to learn various concepts of maths and science in an effective and engaging manner.
Tips To Excel In Maths Examination was originally published on How to Calculate
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Things to know before you online order food in train
Indian railway catering services is given a face lift by introducing e-catering services to its passenger. Now you can order food in train from your favorite cousins, branded hotels & restaurants and enjoy the taste of delicious food directly delivered at your seat. You just need to install food delivery apps in your mobile and select available food menu at desired railway stations. Booking of food can be done either online, phone call or through sms, it is easier and hassle free. Order food online is not new in India, but food delivery to travelers of Indian train which is the worlds largest rail network, is quite massive. The main aim of e-catering is to offer better quality and variety of food to the passenger.
There are few things you should know about online order food in train as a first time user. If you think you are one of few passenger ordering rail food online, then you have to change your mind. The major player in this field, travekhana.com had claims to deliver 4000 meals per day in 2016, and the numbers are growing 20% year on year. There are many startups opened up in online food delivery business and claims similar numbers. IRCTC has estimated one Lakh online meals order per day due to increasing numbers of passenger showing interests in online food delivery. The major food chain like Halidiram, Bikaner, Dominos, KFC, MacDonald have partnered with IRCTC e-catering services. Thousands of famous Restaurants and Hotels have shown interests in supplying food on train through online booking.
How to order food online in train
Lets us see how you can order food online in train. You can book your order either through IRCTC official website www.ecatering.irctc.co.in and Android app Food on Track or through any other food delivery apps or website. The popular food delivery apps are Travelkhana, Mera food choice, Railtiffin, RailRestro, ZoopIndia, Railyatri, YatraChef, TrainKhana, TravelerFood, Trainmeal, Fudcheff etc. IRCTC currently deliver food to passenger with reserve seats only therefore you need PNR while booking. The general process of online food booking through irctc are as follows:
You need to enter PNR number, it will show all in-between stations,
Select station where you want your food, each station will show available restaurants with food menu.
Select food items from available menus and book your favorite food.
Checkout for payment. Payment can be online or cash on delivery.
The above booking process are common for all other apps. But private companies give option to book meals without PNR number also, in this case you need to give details of your seat like, Train no, coach no and birth no and few personal info such as Name, Email id, Mobile number etc. Booking of your order can be done either online or through phone call or sms. For booking at IRCTC you need to call at 1323 or send sms MEAL< PNR> to 139. Other apps flashes their customer care or food adviser number on the their online booking platforms.
Tips for order food in train
Here are some information for you while online order food in train.
IRCTC has made catering optional in 31 premium trains (Rajdhani/ Duronto), it means you have the choice to select ‘No food’ option while booking your ticket. In this case you will not be charged for meals on train and pay less for your ticket. For availing outside food on train you can book through food delivery apps mentioned above.
www.ecatering.irctc.co.in and Android app ‘Food on Track’ are the official catering services by IRCTC, rest are private companies. Indian Railways do not take responsibility of cost and quality of food booked from other suppliers.
Food quality depend upon the Restaurants or Hotel you select, try different stations to look for availability of well-known and branded restaurants. You can also read genuine reviews of food quality and service.
Food served through online delivery system are costly because they are supplied from the nearby restaurants and hotels, but you get the benefit of desired menu and taste.
Always use ‘First meal free‘ option while booking food for the first time in train, try different food delivery apps if required. Also search online for discount coupons to save on your food bills.
Do not hesitate to pay online if you are getting discounts/cashback or offers on credit card/wallet payment, in any case if the vendor has failed to supply your food, write a feedback to food delivery company, they will refund your money or give discounts coupon for future booking. Use Cash on Delivery (COD) options if your train is running late.
Food bills will attract 5% GST according to the guidelines by Finance Minister of India, if anybody is charging higher than you need to complain.
There are some company such as Shopinrail also supplies other items like medicine, mobile charger, ear phones to passenger traveling in train.
Food delivery companies not only provide food in train but also provide useful information related to your train running status, taxi services and hotel packages. Therefore while train journey it is useful to keep one of these apps installed in your mobile.
Things to know before you online order food in train was originally published on How to Calculate
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How students make money by writing for the online blogs-A complete Guide
We are living in a Digital era where technology has advanced to a great extent. With the internet being accessible very easily, it is quite evident of getting a lot of web-based jobs and thus make money out of it. One of the most trending online job is working as a content writer where you can potentially earn very easy money. Moreover, you can do online writing for various blogs and thus earn fast money. Nowadays it is so popular among college students, that depending upon their writing skills they easily make enough pocket money out of it. Some of them even choose it as a career and become a freelancer writer after studies. The basic which is required for content writing is to have exceptional English writing skills as well as good researching skills over internet. Internet has reached to every hand at very affordable price, college students find it very easy to search things online read about various subjects. You only need to know how to write good article for online blogs with some basic techniques to get offer for your content writing.
How to write flawless content for online blogs?
To succeed, your career as a content writer, you need to be quite disciplined towards your approach. In addition to it, you need to be well versed with the tools that are required for writing online contents. The most important tools that I use are Grammarly and Copyscape. Grammarly is primarily used to check for the grammatical mistakes that might be present in your article. Copyscape is a paid tool that helps to check for plagiarism that might be found in the article. In addition to it, I would advise you to check for your written content manually as it can easily help you to identify common mistakes.
How to get work as a content writer?
Content writers are currently in very high demand, and hence there is no limit towards the job that you can get in the field of online writing. All you have to do is build a good portfolio so that clients can easily hire you. As a student or perhaps a fresher, you can easily find content writing jobs via Facebook groups, LinkedIn, various freelancing websites such as Upwork, freelancer,etc. Moreover, you can also use the traditional way of getting the clients such as cold calling. You may also use a very tactical approach such as typing on Google ‘Write for us,’ and you will get a list of blogs jotted down in your search list. You may approach them by filling the contact us form. Eventually, once you have got in touch with the client, you can bargain for the pay based on your experience. You may ask them the budget and let them know how you can be beneficial for their business.
What are the ideal payment methods and terms?
Once you have completed the work, you can potentially earn your first paycheck. Ideally, you can use a lot of payment methods such as Bank transfer, PayTm, etc. If you have an international client, then you can ask for the payment via PayPal or skrill. One more thing that you should know is, if you are working with a new client, then you should ask them to pay money after each article. Once trust is built, you can switch to fortnightly payment or perhaps a monthly payment. Also, try to get associated with a client that has a registered company as it can minimize the chance of getting scammed.
What is the earning potential through writing content?
Eventually, you may find it hard to get the clients, but once you have built a list of clients earning can be great in online blog writing business. Easily you can make lots of money that too at the comfort of doing work at your home and being your own boss. In India, you would be getting an average of 250 INR per 500 Words.So, ideally, it takes me an hour to write a article of 500 words. So, if you work for 8 hours for six days, you can potentially make more than 50000 INR per month. This is ideally considered as an excellent income, and you should give content writing profession a try.
How students make money by writing for the online blogs-A complete Guide was originally published on How to Calculate
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What Should be the TDS Level of Drinking Water
Due to poor supply of drinking water in many cities, we are more concerned about to purity of water we drink or consume every day. The highest purity of water is obtained from the Reverse Osmosis or RO system. The RO System considerably reduces the TDS level of drinking water. The normal tds of water is very high (450-600 ppm) at some places. However the drinking water tds level as advised my many experts, should be around 50-100 ppm. Talking about packaged drinking water, TDS level has a varying range. For instance, according to a study, the TDS level in bisleri water is around 160ppm, whereas it is 12ppm for kinley water.
How water TDS is checked
Total dissolved solids (TDS) refers to the inorganic contents likes calcium, sodium, bicarbonates, etc. and some organic components which get dissolved in water. TDS is considered for freshwater and is normally used as a measure of purity for drinking water.
TDS is usually checked, by relating it to the conductivity of the water. Conductivity of a liquid depends on the behavior of the ions dissolved. There is another method called gravimetric analysis, which requires evaporating the liquid and measuring the left content, but this method is not feasible in measuring drinking water TDS level.
TDS meter
A TDS meter is used to measure the TDS of drinking water. TDS is measured in PPM i.e parts per million. TDS value of 1 ppm means 1 milligram dissolves solids in 1 kilogram of water. TDS meter is basically a EC meter, it measures the electrical conductivity (EC) of the water and converts it to show the TDS level of water. The electrical conductivity of water changes due to dissolves contents in it. The readings of TDS meter may involve some errors as the EC of water may increase or decrease depending upon dissolve contents.
How TDS is Controlled in Water Purifiers
Water purifiers have TDS controller installed in them which check the TDS level of the water. There are various kinds of water purifiers available nowadays and each has different methods of purifying the water. The purifiers remove microbes and thus decrease the TDS level of the water. At times, the TDS level may decrease to a very low value. This is when the water tastes bitter. Drinking water with very low TDS value is also harmful.
Thus, a TDS controller is required which measures the purified water and check if the water is in drinkable range. If the TDS of the water is low, It increases the TDS level and if high, decreases it.
What Should be the TDS Level of Drinking Water was originally published on How to Calculate
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Is Reliance Jio 4G Phone really worth it?
Reliance Jio has already spread the wave of revolution by providing 4G data at common minimum price which is affordable for everyone. Even the middle class people and those deprived of basic internet facilities were able to use internet and make their life digital. The digital India campaign was uplifted by introduction of unlimited data by Jio 4G network. Now, there is another new launch made by Reliance Jio Communications on 21st July 2017. They are launching the all new Reliance Jio 4G handsets at mind-blowing price.
Jio mobile phone is the biggest surprise for all the Indian citizens who were wondering about the money factor to purchase the LYF Jio 4G phone. But this phone will be available only for Rs. 1500. Now, the biggest question is whether the Jio mobile phone is really worth it or not.
Reliance Jio 4G Mobile Specifications
The phone has an Alpha Numeric keypad along with 2.4 inches QVGA screen. It is not a touch screen mobile which is the latest trend, but has the internet facility and supports Reliance Jio 4G network also. Talking about the basic features, it has FM Radio, Torch light, Head phone jack, SD card slot, and battery with charger. Jio 4G Mobile Phone has four-way navigation systems and is embedded with all the necessary Jio mobile applications. Jio 4G mobile phone has its own customized ringtones which are preloaded along with phone contact book, call history feature, microphone as well as speaker. Reliance 4G Mobile Price is fixed at just Rs. 1500 which is not really a price but a security deposit demanded at the time of purchasing the handset.
Analysis
We are living in a world which is advancing at a faster pace and there very small ratio of people who do not use smart phones. In that context, this usual Reliance Jio 4G phone with just basic features except for voice command and 4G internet facility is not a big deal. But, when we look at the price and also the number of people who are able to afford a strong service operator for internet facility, Reliance Jio 4G phone is a boon. It allows people to use internet as well as a reliable mobile phone and creates awareness about the digital world amongst the deprived section of society.
Most of the people are enjoying the amazing Jio 4G network speed and free voice calling facility across the country, but what about those who face a hard time to afford the same facility? This is not about data pack or data plan, but about smart phone. In order to use 4G network, they have to spend a minimum of Rs. 3000 for a smart phone that supports 4G network. But, Reliance Jio has provided the same facility at half the price with similar features. It can also be used by those who are not well versed with smart phone.
Hence, in the light of all the facts about Reliance Jio 4G phone, we can conclude that everything happens for good. Instead of raising questions and finding negative points, we must focus on the positive factors. Only then we will be able to enjoy the fruits of advancing technology.
Is Reliance Jio 4G Phone really worth it? was originally published on How to Calculate
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10 Interesting Facts To Know About Photosynthesis
All living things on this planet need energy to live and energy comes from food. But we have never seen a plant cooking or eating food. This brings us to one of the most interesting questions “From where do plants get their energy?”. Plants produce their energy in a different way, and the process is known as photosynthesis.
About Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the biological conversion of light energy into chemical energy. Plants absorb water from the soil through their roots. The water goes to the leaves which take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and with the help of sunlight plant produce their own food which is called glucose. The glucose is the food for the plant which gives them the energy to grow.
Photosynthesis is a very important chapter in exams like ICSE and CBSE, so students must have a clear concept on this topic. Here are some interesting facts that students should know about photosynthesis.
[ 1 ] Plant Photosynthesis
Plants are the only living things in the world that can create their own food. Plants need water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight to produce their food. The process is known as photosynthesis.
[ 2 ] Shape of Trees and Plants
We can see that most of the trees are triangular in shape. This is due to the reason that plants and trees need more sunlight to do photosynthesis.
[ 3 ] Organic Molecule
The sugar molecules which are produced by photosynthesis are the building blocks for many other organic molecules in living organisms like lipids, proteins, and amino acids.
[ 4 ] Food Energy for Animals
Plants and trees provide food energy to other animals. To get energy, animals need plants or other animals.
[ 5 ] Location of Photosynthesis
Plants conduct photosynthesis in a specialized cell organelle called chloroplast. The main role of chloroplasts is to conduct photosynthesis.
[ 6 ] Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is the primary pigment of photosynthesis. It captures the energy from sunlight and converts it. Then it stores the energy in the storage molecules NADPH and ATP while freeing the oxygen from water.
[ 7 ] Ecosystem
Photosynthesis provides the energy and carbon that is needed for most of the ecosystem to survive. Without plants and trees, most of our ecosystem will be ruined.
[ 8 ] Old Plants
Photosynthesis does not only occur in new plants but also in old plants. Plants can survive as long as they can make their own food. This is the reason that trees can live up to 1000 years and more.
[ 9 ] Photosynthetic Organisms
Photosynthesis also occurs in certain single cell bacteria and protists. Along with plants, these organisms are called as primary producers as they provide food directly or indirectly to all living organisms.
[ 10 ] Photosynthesis in Animals
Researchers have discovered that sea slugs can create their own food through the process of photosynthesis. Sea slug eats algae, but it does not fully digest the algae and it continues to photosynthesize the food and provide energy for the slug.
10 Interesting Facts To Know About Photosynthesis was originally published on How to Calculate
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What to buy and what not to before and after GST Implementation
GST or Goods and Services Tax is going to be implemented in pan India soon. This is an indirect tax reform targeted to simplify the taxation system on goods and services in all forms. It will make India a single market with specific tax slabs for different kinds of goods and services. GST bill is a long pending issue in the parliament of India. The bill is already passed in Lok Sabha. It is expected that it will get the final nod from Rajya Sabha soon. Once rolled on, it is speculated that it will make some goods & services cheaper and some products and services costlier. After announcement of GST rates for some of the commodities, impact on their prices as also shown below.
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Calculate Power Consumption and Average Monthly Electricity Bills of Your Home
Every household that uses electricity needs to pay monthly electricity bills, which is important part of our monthly expenses. Electricity bills depends on the total power consumption in the house. Power is the energy consumed in a given duration of time, and each electrical appliance consume electric energy when switched ON. To estimate the average monthly electricity bill one need to calculate power consumption of one’s house because electricity bills are calculated from kWh. The consumption of power in houses depends on the wattage of electrical appliances in usage. To find the average electric bills per month of one’s household, one need to know how much does electricity cost in their locality. And then by the following knowledge we can find out the monthly electricity bill.
Power Consumption and Rating of Electric Appliances
Electricity bill is based on the units used by a household. Units means the Kwh (kilowatt-hours). 1 unit is 1 kWh. Electricity rates is defines in terms of cost per kWh. To find the total kWh, we need to first find the power consumption of each electric appliances used in the house. But power consumption varies from one electric appliance to another. All electric appliances have different wattage or energy consumption rate. The average wattage is usually mentioned on the appliance in the form of amps or Watts/kWatts.
Watts is the unit of power, It represents the energy consumed per unit time by the appliances. Some appliances mention Kwh, It generally represents the power consumption per year.
General ratings of some appliances are as below
Home Appliances
Wattage
Avg. Usage(Hrs)/year (Indicative)
Ceiling fan
50 to 70 watt
1800
Wall fan
50 to 80 watt
800
Normal Bulb
100 watt
1500
CFL light
25 watt
1500
Tube light
40 watt
1500
Refrigerator
400 watt
1200
Air Conditioner
1000-2000 watt
900
TVs
50-75 watt
2000
Micro Oven
1000 to 2500 watt
500
Room Heater
1500-2000 watt
200
Geysers
2000-3000 watt
500
Phone Chargers
6 watt
750
Calculate Power Consumption and Monthly Electricity bill
So, in order to find the monthly electricity bill, we first need to find out the energy consumption rates (wattage) of each devices in usage ( mentioned in the specification of appliances). Then calculate the Kwh of each by multiplying with the average hours of usage. We may consider the average usage of each appliance per month.
In this way, we can find the kWh (kilowatt-hours) of each electric appliance.
Add kWhs of all appliances to find the total units consumed in a month.
Now, to find the electricity bill, we simply need to multiply it to the kWh cost prevailing in the locality.
For instance, given that a bulb of 100 Watt is ON for 6 hours everyday and a TV of 60 Watt is switched ON for 2 hours each day in the month of April, and the electricity rate is Rs 5/units.
To find the electricity bill for April month, we first find the total power consumption,
i.e kWh = Power x hours per day x number of days
= 100 x 6 x 30 + 60 x 2 x 30
= 18000 + 3600
= 21,600/1000
= 21.6 kWh
Total Electricity bill for the month of April = 21.6 x 5= Rs 108
Conclusion
Thus, we now know that to find out the electricity bill, it is necessary for us to be aware of the average usage of every electric appliance and their wattage. Since, we need to find out the total energy consumption of the house. Also, we cannot find the bill without knowing the energy cost of the locality. Once we know these things, we can easily find out the monthly electricity bill of the house.
[CP_CALCULATED_FIELDS id=”37″]
Calculate Power Consumption and Average Monthly Electricity Bills of Your Home was originally published on How to Calculate
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Salary and Pay Scale of PSU Employee
The salary of a public sector undertaking ( PSU) companies are based on certain Pay-scale & Perks and Dearness Allowance (DA). Unlike private sector the PSU salary structure are well defined, therefore psu salary is fixed across different levels and any one can calculate salary from pay scale at each levels. The pay scale of all PSUs are almost same among Maharatna and Navratna PSU companies and there are minor differences of perks and allowances only. Therefore the salary at a particular Grade are almost similar in various public sector enterprises. The objective of this article is to explain in detail the salary structure of a PSU employee in executives cadre. Make you understand, how to calculate salary from pay scale. Calculating the in-hand salary or net salary of a PSU employee is not a big task. You just need to know the basic pay of any employee and you can calculate the net monthly pay in good approximation.
Grade-wise Pay Scale of PSU
The very first grade in executive cadre of a new entrant in PSU is called a Graduate Engineer Trainee (GET) or Engineer Trainee. This is the first grade at ‘E0’ level. The next grade are E1, E2, E3… upto E10. E10 is the Executive Director level post. The grade-wise payscale of almost all PSUs are same, however there are some differences at lower grades of Maharatna and Navratan PSUs.
The gradewise payscale of some of the public sector enterprises are given below.
Maharatna Company
Navratna Company
Salary structures of PSUs
To understand the salary structures of central public sector enterprises (CPSEs), you just need to understand the earninsg and deduction in a monthly pay-slip.
Earnings in a monthly pay-slip:
Basic pay: It is the basic salary, within the pay scale ranges at each level/grade. Total Salary is calculated on this pay only. Every year basic pay increases with a fixed percentage. As per sixth pay commission the increment is 3% every year. For example the basic salary of E2 grade in ONGC is Rs.291000. On the second year of promotion the basic pay becomes 29100 x 1.03 = 29980 (roundoff on higher side). The basic pay is calculated by adding increment every year, if it crosses as per payscale, then the higher value is considered within the pay scale range.
Perks & Allowance: The company give certain perks and allowance to its employee. It is calculated as percentage of basic pay. Perks and allowances vary from company to company. Generally Perks in Maharatna PSUs is 46% . In Navratna PSUS it is 42%.
Dearness Allowance (DA): It is an important part of salary and calculated as percentage of basic pay. It is paid against the cost of living as per the reports of Inflation. Every quarter the DA figures are released by the government, depending upon rise or fall of inflation the there is increase or decrease of DA percentages.
All the above makes to the total earnings in a month. There is one more component of salary called HRA (house rent allowance). Generally all PSUs provide company quarters to their remplyoee, in that case HRA will not appear in salary/pay-slip. However in case of not availing company quarters, HRA are being paid every month. HRA is also calculated as percentage of basic pay. The percentage of HRA depend upon the City in which company exists. Tier-1 cities have highest HRA (30%), Tier-2 cities have lower HRA (20%) and Tier-3 cities have lowest HRA (10%).
Deductions in a monthly pay-slip:
Not only the earnings, the deductions are also calculated from basic pay only.
PF (Provident Fund): The main deduction is the employees contribution to PF (provident fund). The PF is fixed by government of India, it is 12% of Basic + DA. Every month the employees contribution to PF is deducted from the salary. Here i want to give some insight that unlikely to Private sector in Public sector PF contribution of employees are more due to higher basic pay. Therefore the company’s contribution of PF is also higher in public sector enterprises.
Income Tax: Every month there is lump-some deduction of income tax from the gross salary. The income tax is calculated at the end of financial years.
How to calculate salary from pay scale of a PSU emplyoee
If you know the Designation or Grade of a person and also the year of promotion in that grade, then you can easily calculate the monthly salary of that person. The monthly salary of a PSU employee is based on total earnings minus total deductions.
First you need to know the basic pay. Estimation of basic pay is little tricky, because basic pay is increasing every year ( due to 3% increment), and the minimum year of experience required in one grade for promotion to next grade/payscale vary from company to company. However for a regular employee who joined as GET (Graduate Engineer Trainee), you can calculate the current basic pay by calculating the basic pay of each year right from E1 grade.
Total Earnings =Basic Pay x (DA+Perks)+ HRA,
The current DA percentage are available on internet. Perks percentage vary from 42% or 46%. The HRA will be paid only in case of not availing company quarter. It is 30%,20% or 10 % depending upon city of stay.
Total deduction= PF([Basic pay+DA] x 0.12) +Income Tax (approx. 10% of total earnings )
Monthly Salary= Total Earnings -Total deduction
There are other components of total earnings apart from Perks, like reimbursement for mobile handset, laptops, mobile bills & broadband charges, furniture, furnishing, eye Glasses, ayurvedic medicine etc. These benefits vary from PSUs to PSUs. Similarly deductions may also include DRF, club charges, electricity & water bills, membership of any associations etc.
Salary and Pay Scale of PSU Employee was originally published on How to Calculate
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How to make a short film
Making a film does not only require technical skills but also great creative skills. Short filmmaking is one of the best ways to improve these skills. With advances in technology, the process has become a lot easier now. For starters, you need to arrange a decent camera, and a computer with editing software; and the rest depends on the hard work and creativity of the people involved.
Short film making in today’s world
If you are looking for a career in feature films, making short film is very important. Moreover, getting the job of a proper filmmaker for a feature film is a difficult task. Making short films gives you a start to improve your skills and show them to the world. With sites like Youtube, your short films can be easily seen by people around the world and gain you popularity for your work.
If you are wondering how to shoot a short film with minimal requirements, you might want to read the following.
Steps of making a Short films
Idea:
The first step for making a short film is to come up with an idea. It is important to remember that your film will have a very limited duration, so the short film idea should be feasible enough. Watch feature and short movies; discuss your ideas with others and be open to inputs.
Script writing:
When the idea for the film is finalized, you are required to write a script to proceed further. A well-written script is very important for any kind of film. It helps to visualize the scenes and give depth to the characters in the film. A short film script should be written carefully keeping in mind that it should convey the intended message to the viewers.
Screenplay:
A necessary step after script writing is screenplay. The frame of a scene, movements of camera and characters are described in screenplay. Once you are done with screenplay and arranging the logistics, you are ready to shoot.
Camera:
Short film camera need not be very expensive. You can shoot your film with any camera you can find. It is nice to learn some basic technical skills about camera like ISO, focus setting, etc. to understand how to shoot a short film. You will learn more about camera with experience. Apart from knowing the technical aspect, you need to be creative on taking a shot. The angle and frame of the scene play a role in conveying the story.
Film Directing:
Directing a short film develops your fundamentals to shoot a feature film. To learn how to direct a short film watch as many movies as possible, understand the directing style of various directors, and make many films of your own.
Editing:
Once the shoot is completed, you then need to edit the scenes. Most people think, that editing just requires the knowledge of an editing software. Well for getting started, it is true. But every editor is required to develop their own style. This is what makes one editor different from the other. Watching some of the best short films will let you know the importance of good editing.
Reviews:
After editing, your short film is ready to be released for the viewers. Try to show it to varied people and get their reviews on it. Learn from your mistakes and try to improve in your next short film.
I hope you enjoyed reading this and got some input in film making techniques. If you really like then pls share this article by below mentioned social network sites. Thank you !
How to make a short film was originally published on How to Calculate
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10 Examples of Distance and Displacement
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