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suite43 · 3 years

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PS Neither the egg fic nor the vegan freak have anything to do with M/gastar before you try it. That's all pure Starscream stanning, baby. And one of them is St/rop, the supposedly ""good""" ship LOL.

List of female Transformers Main Complete list Following is a thorough list of the various female Transformers in canon thus far. Many of these characters were Japan-exclusive, featured only in fiction, or exist as limited-run exclusive toys. Female characters who had multiple toys are listed only once. Generation 1 (Numbers indicate order of appearance.) Chromia (1) Moonracer (2) Firestar (3) Elita One (4) Greenlight (5) Lancer (6) Arcee (7) Beta (8) An Autobot rebel (9) Paradron Medic (11) Nancy (12) Minerva (13) Clipper (14) Karmen (18) Glyph (20) Road Rage (21) Discharge[1] (22) Windy[1] (23) Vibes (24) Roulette (25) Flareup (32) Flip Sides (34) Rosanna (35) Windrazor (38) Thunderblast (46) Cassiopeia (47) Nautica (51) Windblade (52) Victorion (61) Velocity (63) Javelin (62) Proxima (64) Roadmaster (65) Acceleron (66) Override (69) Rust Dust (70) Pyra Magna (71) Skyburst (72) Stormclash (73) Jumpstream (74) Dust Up (75) Scorpia[1] (76) Eos (80) Lifeline (83) Quickslinger (84) Hotwire[2] (98) Strongarm (99) Slide[2] (104) Crush Bull[2] (107) Oiler[2] (108) Broadside[2] (109) Sky High[2] (110) Circuit[2] (116) Pyra Ignatia Spark[2] (118) Scorchfire (122) Orthia (126) Smashdown[2] (128) Esmeral (15) Lyzack (16) Clio (17) Nightracer (19) Shadow Striker (26) Howlback (31) Flamewar (33) Flip Sides (34) Crasher (39) Freezon[1] (44) Nightracer (49) Slipstream (50) Twirl (54) Nickel (60) Swift (77) Killjoy (79) Blackout[2] (81) Spaceshot[2] (82) Crash Test (85) Trickdiamond (92) Moonheart (93) Megaempress (94) Flowspade (95) Lunaclub (96) Megatronia (100) Buckethead[1] (103) Diveplane[1] (112) Seawave[1] (113) Mindgame (114) Tracer[2] (115) Devastator[2] (117) Cindersaur[2] (125) Shadow Striker (127) Nova Storm[2] (129) Termagax (133) Kaskade (135) Heavywait (138) Tyrannocon Rex (139) Cheesecake robot (10) Roulette and Shadow Striker's sister (27) Path Finder (28) Small Foot (29) Devcon's galpal (30) One of Optimus Prime's rescuees (36) Angela (37) Four members of the Kaon upperclass (40-43) Ma-Grrr (45) Red waitress Transformer (48) Windshear (53) Solus Prime (55) Female protester (56) Lightbright (57) Strafe (58) Mistress of Flame (59) Exocet (67) Vertex (68) Aileron (78) Gnash (86) Slice (87) Thrashclaw (88) Shred (89) A pair of Devisen twins (90-91) Maxima (97) Sieg[3] (101) Kari (102) Anode (105) Lug (106) X-Throttle (111) Rum-Maj (119) Praesidia Magna (120) Fastbreak (121) Crash Test (122) Stardrive (123) Magrada (124) Leviathan (130) Codexa (131) Gauge (132) Lodestar (134) Shutter (136) Sharpclaw (137) Cargohold (140) Half-qualifiers: Alana, turned into a Transformer for a short time. Aunty, female Cybertronian intelligent computer. Combination granny and attack-dog-bots, human-sized drones supposedly based on Transformer technology. One of Maccadam's bartenders Nightbird Overlord, has a female side to him. Some of the "Teletraan" computers like 15 and 10 are female. There appears to be a female design among a group of old generics. Bayonet, the fake female Decepticon disguise of Britt. In the French dub of The Transformers: The Movie, Shrapnel and Starscream are considered female. Shrapnel is also female in the Russian dub. Beast Era (Numbers indicate order of appearance.) Airazor (2) Kitte Shūshū (5) Rage (6) Botanica (7) Sonar[1] (13) Crystal Widow (14) Crossblades (15) Stiletto (16) Transmutate[1] (18) Binary (19) Wedge Shape[1] (24) Aura (25) Legend Convoy[1] (26) Stockade[2] (28) Rav (29) Hammerstrike[2] (31) Triceradon[2] (35) Skimmer (36) Nyx (44) Blackarachnia (1) Scylla (3) Antagony (4) Strika (8) Manta Ray[1] (17) Ser-Ket (20) Dead-End[2] (27) Jai-Alai (30) Max-B[2] (32) Gaidora (33) Soundbyte/Soundbite (34) Liftoff (37) Freefall (38) Snarl-blast[2] (39) Vertebreak (43) Skold (45) Libras (9) Virgol (10) Cancix[1] (11) Possibly Sagittarii (12) Dipole (21) Vamp (22) Plasma[2] (23) Deep Blue (40) At least two bridge officers of the Terrastar (41-42) Half-qualifiers: NAVI-ko, female Cybertronian intelligent computer NAVI (Yukikaze), female Cybertronian intelligent computer NAVI (Gung Ho), female Cybertronian

intelligent computer DNAVI, female Cybertronian intelligent computer Medusa, an Intruder-built robot modified with Cybertronian technology Robots in Disguise (2001) (Numbers indicate order of appearance.) Optimus Prime[2] (1) Nightcruz[1] (3) Scourge[2] (2) Half-qualifiers: T-AI, female Cybertronian intelligent computer. Unicron Trilogy (Numbers indicate order of appearance.) Airazor (5) Arcee (9) Autobot nurses (10) Two Velocitronian band members (11-12) Override[4] (13) Joyride[4] (15) Quickslinger (16) Crystal Widow (24) Treadbolt (33) Chromia (34) Thunderblast (14) Spacewarp (30) Sureshock (1) Combusta (2) Falcia (3) Twirl (4) Sunburn (6) Cliffjumper[1] (7) Ironhide[1] (8) Spiral[1] (9) Offshoot[1] (17) Breakage[1] (18) Kickflip[1] (19) Mudbath[1] (20) Heavy Metal[1] (21) "Disco ball" (22) Road Rebel[1] (23) Guardian Speed[1] (25) Mugen[1] (26) Bingo/Triac[1] (27) Wedge Shape[1] (28) Sprite (29) Boom Tube (31) Windrazor (32) Rán (33) Half-qualifiers: A possible scooterformer Dark Nitro Convoy, evil clone of a character whose gender was switched in translation Red Alert, minimally-altered release of a toy that was female in Japan Midnight Express, unaltered release of a toy that was female in Japan Hourglass, a female character who might be a Cybertronian Bombshell, a female character who might be a Cybertronian Carillon, a female character who might be a Cybertronian Vector Prime, the former multiversal entity who was female in some universes Movie continuity family (Numbers indicate order of appearance.) Arcee (1) Elita-One (2) Chromia (4) Perihelion (8) HMS Alliance (9) Windblade (13) Fracture (3) Alice (5) Shadow Striker (6) Override[3] (7) Diabla (10) Howlback (11) Shatter (12) Nightbird Airazor Half-qualifiersJetfire claims to have a mother who may or may not have been a Transformer. Animated (Numbers indicate order of appearance.) Sari Sumdac (2) Arcee (3) Elita-1 (4) Red Alert (6) Botanica (8) Flareup (10) Rosanna (11) Glyph (12) Lickety-Split (13) Lightbright (14) Chromia (16) Clipper (17) Quickslinger (18) Kappa Supreme (19) Override Prime (20) Windy (21) Road Rage (25) Flashpoint (26) Minerva (27) Sureshock (28) Nightbeat (29) Sunstreaker (30) Blackarachnia (1) Slipstream (5) Strika (7) Flip Sides (9) Antagony (15) Wingthing (22) Beta (23) Drag Strip (24) Half-qualifiers: Teletran-1, female Cybertronian intelligent computer TransTech (Numbers indicate order of appearance.) Blackarachnia (5) Strika (3) Unnamed medic (1) Andromeda (2) Cyclis (4) Sonar (6) Hammerstrike (7) Scorpia (8) Proxima (9) Half-qualifiers: Axiom Nexus News Editor, a 'bot with one male and one female personality Shattered Glass (Numbers indicate order of appearance.) Crasher (1) Esmeral (6) Howlback (7) Arcee (2) Andromeda (3) Elita-One (4) Strongarm (8) Windblade (9) Nautica (10) Beta (5) Half-qualifiers: Teletraan-X, female Cybertronian intelligent computer. Aligned continuity family (Numbers indicate order of appearance.) Akiba Prime Arc Arcee Arcee Blade Assault Star Brushfire Cameo Catapult Chevalier Chromia Deep Blue Ether Walker Firestar Galaxy Flare Galaxy 'Questrian Glow Matronly Docent Quickshadow Rocket Plume Solus Prime Strongarm Tempest Spin Thunderclap Upkeep Windblade Airachnid Astraea Aurora Speeder Balewing Coldstar Crimson Phantom Cyberwarp Cyclone Dancer Diabla Duststorm Fallen Angel Filch Flamewar Flash Runner Glowstrike Hoverbolt Helter-Skelter Hurricane Hunter Ida Lensflare Metal Thunder Nebula Ripper Night Dancer Overhead Retrofit Rollcage Scatterspike Skyjack Slink Slipstream Spiral Zealot Supernova Flame Variable Star Void Pulse Zizza Ser-Ket Ripclaw Azimuth Cogwheel Elita One Mercury Moonracer Nightra Override Bot Shots (Numbers indicate order of appearance.) Buzzclaw (1) Kre-O (Numbers indicate order of appearance.) Chromia (1) Arcee (3) Strika (4) Minerva (5) Windblade (6) Paradron Medic (10) Strongarm (12) Skimmer[1] (13) Airachnid (2) Thunderblast (7) Blackarachnia (8) Slipstrike (9) Ida (11) Liftoff[1] (14) Freefall[1] (15) Angry Birds Transformers (Numbers indicate order of appearance.) Stella as:Arcee

(1) Airachnid (2) Chromia (4) Novastar (10) Moonracer (11) Greenlight (12) Silver as:Windblade (3) Energon Windblade (5) Elita-One (8) Matilda as:Energon Nautica (6) Nautica (7) Strongarm (9) Zeta as:Nightbird (13) Rosanna (15) Zeta as:Slipstream (14) Cyberverse (Numbers indicate order of appearance.) Arcee Chromia Clobber Jazz[3] Windblade Alpha Strike Nova Storm Shadow Striker Skywarp Slipstream Blackarachnia Cosmos Operatus Solus Prime Half-qualifiers: In the Japanese dub of Cyberverse, Thrust was female, and went by the name Red Wing. Acid Storm fluctuates between the male and female Seeker body types in show. Mae Catt would explain this on Twitter as this being "just something Acid Storm likes to do" and that pronouns are "up to Acid Storm". This would imply Acid Storm is non-binary gender fluid, thus they semi-qualify for the list. BotBots (Numbers indicate order of appearance.) Aday Angry Cheese Arctic Guzzlerush Bankshot Big Cantuna Bok Bok Bok-O Bonz-Eye Bot-T-Builder Bottocorrect Bratworst Brock Head Chef Nada Clawsome Crabby Grabby Cuddletooth Dingledeedoo Disaster Master Disgusto Desserto DJ Fudgey Fresh Doctor Flicker Drama Sauce Drillit Yaself Face Ace Fail Polish Fit Ness Monster Flare Devil Flood Jug Fomo Frohawk Frostfetti Frostyface Glam Glare Fancy Flare Glitch Face Goggly Spy P.I. Gold Dexter Goldface Goldiebites Goldie Terrortwirl Goldito Favrito Goldpin Baller Gold Punch Grampiano Grandma Crinkles Grave Rave The Great Mumbo Bumblo Greeny Rex Grrr'illa Grimes Halloween Knight Handy Dandy Hashtagz Hawt Diggity Hawt Mess Highroller Hiptoast Ice Sight Javasaurus Rex Jet Setter Knotzel Latte Spice Whirl Leafmeat Alone Loadoutsky Lolly Licks Lolly Mints Miss Mixed Movie Munchster Ms. Take Must Turd Nanny McBag Nomaste Nope Soap Ol' Tic Toc Ollie Bite Outta Order Overpack Pop N. Lock Pop O' Gold Pressure Punk Professor Scope Rebugnant Roarista Sandy Shades Scribby Sheriff Sugarfeet Shifty Gifty Sippyberry Sippy Slurps Skippy Dippy Disc Slappyhappy Smooth Shaker Smore N' More Sour Wing Starscope Sticky McGee Sugar Saddle Super Bubs Sweet Cheat Technotic Sonic Terror Tale Torch Tidy Trunksky Tricitrustops Tropic Guzzlerush Tutu Puffz Twerple Burple Unilla Icequeencone Venus Frogtrap Vigitente Waddlepop Wasabi Breath Whirlderful Whoopsie Cushion Wristocrat

#really long post #red.reply #spamguy

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neunet-blog · 5 years

Photo

Classification Tree – Craters on Mars

A study was conducted to collect the main information on the size, positions and structures of the craters on Mars. This study was created by Stuart Robbins and contains overall 378540 craters.

A decision tree analysis was conducted to test relationships among a series of explanatory variables and a binary, categorical response variable, i.e. the number of azimuthal layers in the crater.

Latitude and longitude estimation of the position of the crater in decimal degrees, its diameter and the average elevation of the crater were used as explanatory variables. 199 samples were used as training samples for the tree.

The average elevation of the crater was used as inital variable: with a reference value less than 0.015 km. Among the craters satisifying this relation, 147 were identified to have a dimeter less than 2.91 km. 146 of these craters are located at latitudes less than 65 deg.

Among the craters with average elevation greater than 0.015 km, 37 have a dimeter greater than 6.9 km. Among these craters, 23 are located at longitudinal angles less than -17 deg.

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Code

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """

"""

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from pandas import Series, DataFrame import pandas as pd import numpy as np import os import matplotlib.pylab as plt from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier from sklearn.metrics import classification_report import sklearn.metrics

os.chdir(".")

""" Data Engineering and Analysis """ #Load the dataset

AH_data = pd.read_csv("DataSet_marscrater_pds_reduced.csv")

data_clean = AH_data.dropna()

data_clean.dtypes data_clean.describe()

""" Modeling and Prediction """ #Split into training and testing sets # Select predictors for current model # exlcude predictors not needed 'CRATER_ID','CRATER_NAME' 'MORPHOLOGY_EJECTA_1','MORPHOLOGY_EJECTA_2','MORPHOLOGY_EJECTA_3' predictors =data_clean[['LATITUDE_CIRCLE_IMAGE','LONGITUDE_CIRCLE_IMAGE','DEPTH_RIMFLOOR_TOPOG','DIAM_CIRCLE_IMAGE']]

# use targets DEPTH_RIMFLOOR_TOPOG targets = data_clean.NUMBER_LAYERS

pred_train, pred_test, tar_train, tar_test = train_test_split(predictors, targets,test_size=0.98)

print(pred_train.shape) print(pred_test.shape) print(tar_train.shape) print(tar_test.shape)

pred_train.shape pred_test.shape tar_train.shape tar_test.shape

#Build model on training data classifier=DecisionTreeClassifier() classifier=classifier.fit(pred_train,tar_train)

predictions=classifier.predict(pred_test)

sklearn.metrics.confusion_matrix(tar_test,predictions) sklearn.metrics.accuracy_score(tar_test, predictions)

#Displaying the decision tree from sklearn import tree #from StringIO import StringIO from io import BytesIO as StringIO #from StringIO import StringIO from IPython.display import Image out = "./tree.txt" # StringIO() print(out) dot_data=tree.export_graphviz(classifier) import pydotplus import graphviz #graph=pydotplus.graphviz.graph_from_dot_data(dot_data) #Image(graph.create_png())

dotfile = StringIO() tree.export_graphviz(classifier, out_file=dotfile) graph=pydotplus.graph_from_dot_data(dotfile.getvalue()) graph.write_png("dtree.png") graph.write_pdf("dtree.pdf")

#classificationtree

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let-the-universe-guide-us · 5 years

Text

Friday, November 30, 2018

Last Quarter

Moonset: 12:01 am (CST)

Moonrise: 1:12 pm (CST)

Day 23 - 44.1%

Azimuth: 194° 44’ 15”

Altitude: 68° 33’ 11”

Distance: 366,259km

Angular Diameter: 0° 32’ 37”

Ecliptic Longitude: 165° 00’ 28”

Ecliptic Latitude: 3° 41’ 10”

Obligatory of the Ecliptic: 23° 26’ 12”

Local Sidereal Time: 11h 34m 12s

Right Ascension: 11h 10m 37s

Declination: 9° 17’ 49”

Sunrise: 6:44 am (CST)

Sunset: 5:08 pm (CST)

Daylength: 10h 24m 04s

Azimuth: 117° 22’ 44”

Altitude: 3° 08’ 38”

Distance to Sun: 147,533,308km

Sun Angular Diameter: 0° 32’ 36”

Zodiac: Virgo

Symbol: Crocodile Makkara

Crystals: Smoky Topaz, Black Nephritis

Characteristics: The Energy is dairy, heavy, unfavorable, aggressive, violent. A day of challenges and tests.

Health: Overeating is dangerous this day. Fermented milk and milk products are favorable. The best menu is milk and crusted pie with nuts. Avoid meats, coffee, and alcohol. Overeating can lead to digestive tract problems. Take less water. Fasting is allowed.

Meditation:

Business: The energy this day is complicated and can lead to conflicts and aggression during conversations. The second half of the day is not favorable. If you act alone, telepathically, then the power of the Moon can help to realize the most elaborate plans. This is a day of complex alteration. Unimportant things can be recovered and eliminated.

Meditation: This day is suitable for concentration. You can concentrate on the knowledge you are interested in. For instance, if you learn symbols to concentration on you’ll get more understanding. If you have trouble understanding something, try to concentrate on this day. You can also improve on your ability to concentrate. If you are among huge crowds of people, use the energy of this lunar day and move as if you’re scanning the spaces around, softly passing the people by.

Recommend: Practice restraint and humility, forgiveness, moderation in everything. Take care of your health. Good for cleaning and protecting your house. Burning incense and candles is recommended. Physical activity and sports are recommended.

Precautions: Avoid negative emotions, vengeance, anger or use of force, which may turn against you. Avoid being in large crowds, provocation. Overeating is dangerous, and meat is not recommended. Sex is not recommended.

Planting: Moon in Virgo is barren and moist. Good for cultivation and destroying weeds and pests. Best for setting and transplanting of plants.

#moon calendar #moon #zodiac #witchcraft #Isla Speaking

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yhwhrulz · 3 years

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thorsenmark · 6 months

Video

flickr

A Personal Photo Assignment Exploring Chaco Culture National Historical Park by Mark Stevens Via Flickr: While walking and exploring the Pueblo Bonito area with a view looking to the northeast up some nearby walls and ruins present in this part of Chaco Culture National Historical Park. My thought on composing this image was to use the backdrop of blue skies and clouds as a color contrast to complement the earth-tones present in the foreground walls all around me in the image. The rest was aligning myself so that I could bring out the most interesting shapes and patterns present with the ruins to my front.

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siva3155 · 4 years

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300+ TOP MOST SURVEYING Interview Questions and Answers - Civil Engineering Objective Type Questions

SURVEYING Multiple Choice Questions :-

1. During chaining along a straight line, the . leader of the party has 4 arrows in his hand while the follower has 6. Distance of the follower from the starting point is a) 4 chains b) 6 chains c) 120 m d) 180m Ans: b 2. A metallic tape is made of a) steel b) invar c) linen d) cloth and wires Ans: d 3. For a well-conditioned triangle, no angle should be less than a) 20° b) 30° c) 45° d) 60° Ans: b 4. The angle of intersection of the two plane mirrors of an optical square is a) 30° b) 45° c) 60° d) 90° Ans: b 5. The allowable length of an offset depends upon the a) degree of accuracy required b) method of setting out the perpendiculars and nature of ground c) scale of plotting d) all of the above Ans: d

SURVEYING Multiple Choice Questions 6. Which of the following angles can be set out with the help of French cross staff? a) 45° only b) 90° only c) either 45° or 90° d) any angle Ans: c 7. Which of the following methods of offsets involves less measurement on the ground? a) method of perpendicular offsets b) method of oblique offsets c) method of ties d) all involve equal measurement on the ground Ans: a 8. The permissible error in chaining for measurement with chain on rough or hilly ground is a) 1 in 100 b) 1 in 250 c) 1 in 500 d) 1 in 1000 Ans: b 9. The correction for sag is a) always additive b) always subtractive c) always zero d) sometimes additive and sometimes subtractive Ans: b 10. Cross staff is an instrument used for a) measuring approximate horizontal angles b) setting out right angles c) measuring bearings of the lines d) none of the above Ans: b 11. Normal tension is that pull which a) is used at the time of standardising the tape b) neutralizes the effect due to pull and sag c) makes the correction due to sag equal to zero d) makes the correction due to pull equal to zero Ans: b 12. Which of the following is not used in measuring perpendicular offsets ? a) line ranger b) steel tape c) optical square d) cross staff Ans: a 13. If the length of a chain is found to be short on testing, it can be adjusted by a) straightening the links b) removing one or more small circular rings c) closing the joints of the rings if opened out d) all of the above Ans: a 14. The maximum tolerance in a 20 m chain is a) ±2 mm b) ±3 mm c) ±5 mm d) ±8 mm Ans: c 15. For accurate work, the steel band should always be used in preference to chain because the steel band a) is lighter than chain b) is easier to handle c) is practically inextensible and is not liable to kinks when in use d) can be easily repaired in the field Ans: c 16. The length of a chain is measured from a) centre of one handle to centre of other handle b) outside of one handle to outside of other handle c) outside of one handle to inside of other handle d) inside of one handle to inside of other handle Ans: b 17. Select the incorrect statement. a) The true meridians at different places are parallel to each other. b) The true meridian at any place is not variable. c) The true meridians converge to a point in northern and southern hemispheres. d) The maps prepared by national survey departments of any country are based on true meridians. Ans: a 18. If the true bearing of a line AB is 269° 30', then the azimuth of the line AB is a) 0° 30' b) 89° 30' c) 90° 30' d) 269° 30' Ans: c 19. In the prismatic compass a) the magnetic needle moves with the box b) the line of the sight does not move with the box c) the magnetic needle and graduated circle do not move with the box d) the graduated circle is fixed to the box and the magnetic needle always remains in the N-S direction Ans: c 20. For a line AB a) the forebearing of AB and back bearing of AB differ by 180° b) the forebearing of AB and back bearing of BA differ by 180° c) both (a) and (b) are correct. d) none is correct Ans: a 21. Local attraction in compass surveying may exist due to a) incorrect levelling of the magnetic needle b) loss of magnetism of the needle c) friction of the needle at the pivot d) presence of magnetic substances near the instrument Ans: d 22. In the quadrantal bearing system, a whole circle bearing of 293° 30' can be expressed as a) W23°30'N b) N66°30'W c) S113°30'N d) N23°30'W Ans: b 23. The prismatic compass and surveyor's compass a) give whole circle bearing (WCB) of a line and quadrantal bearing (QB) of a line respectively b) both give QB of a line and WCB of a line c) both give QB of a line d) both give WCB of a line Ans: a 24. The horizontal angle between the true meridian and magnetic meridian at a place is called a) azimuth b) declination c) local attraction d) magnetic bearing Ans: b 25. A negative declination shows that the magnetic meridian is to the a) eastern side of the true meridian b) western side of the true meridian c) southern side of the true meridian d) none of the above Ans: b 26. If the magnetic bearing of the sun at a place at noon in southern hemisphere is 167°, the magnetic declination at that place is a) 77° N b) 23° S c) 13° E d) 13° W Ans: c 27. The graduations in prismatic compass i) are inverted ii) are upright iii) run clockwise having 0° at south iv) run clockwise having 0° at north The correct answer is a) (i) and (iii) b) (i) and (iv) c) (ii) and (iii) d) (ii) and (iv) Ans: a 28. Agate cap is fitted with a a) cross staff b) level c) chain d) prismatic compass Ans: d 29. The temporary adjustments of a prismatic compass are i) Centering ii) Levelling iii) Focusing the prism The correct order is a) (0, (iii), 00 b) (0, (ii), (iii) c) (ii), (iii), 0) d) (in), (i), (ii) Ans: b 30. Theodolite is an instrument used for a) tightening the capstan-headed nuts of level tube b) measurement of horizontal angles only c) measurement of vertical angles only d) measurement of both horizontal and vertical angles Ans: d 31. The process of turning the telescope about the vertical axis in horizontal plane is known as a) transiting b) reversing c) plunging d) swinging Ans: d 32. Size of a theodolite is specified by a) the length of telescope b) the diameter of vertical circle c) the diameter of lower plate d) the diameter of upper plate Ans: c 33. Which of the following is not the function of levelling head ? a) to support the main part of the instrument b) to attach the theodolite to the tripod c) to provide a means for leveling the theodolite d) none of the above Ans: d 34. If the lower clamp screw is tightened and upper clamp screw is loosened, the theodolite may be rotated a) on its outer spindle with a relative motion between the vernier and graduated scale of lower plate b) on its outer spindle without a relative motion between the vernier and gra-duated scale of lower plate c) on its inner spindle with a relative motion between the vernier and the graduated scale of lower plate d) on its inner spindle without a relative motion between the vernier and the graduated scale of lower plate Ans: c 35. A telescope is said to be inverted if its a) vertical circle is to its right and the bubble of the telescope is down b) vertical circle is to its right and the bubble of the telescope is up c) vertical circle is to its left and the bubble of the telescope is down d) vertical circle is to its left and the bubble of the telescope is up Ans: a 36. The cross hairs in the surveying telescope are placed a) midway between eye piece and objec¬tive lens b) much closer to the eye-piece than to the objective lens c) much closer to the objective lens than to the eye piece d) anywhere between eye-piece and objective lens Ans: b 37. For which of the following permanent adjustments of theodolite, the spire test is used ? a) adjustment of plate levels b) adjustment of line of sight c) adjustment of horizontal axis d) adjustment of altitude bubble and vertical index frame Ans: c 38. The adjustment of horizontal cross hair is required particularly when the instrument is used for a) leveling b) prolonging a straight line c) measurement of horizontal angles d) all of the above Ans: a 39. Which of the following errors is not eliminated by the method of repetition of horizontal angle measurement ? a) error due to eccentricity of verniers b) error due to displacement of station signals c) error due to wrong adjustment of line of collimation and trunnion axis d) error due to inaccurate graduation Ans: b 40. The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes can be eliminated by a) reading both verniers and taking the mean of the two b) taking both face observations and taking the mean of the two c) double sighting d) taking mean of several readings distributed over different portions of the graduated circle Ans: a 41. In the double application of principle of reversion, the apparent error is a) equal to true error b) half the true error c) two times the true error d) four times the true error Ans: d 42. Which of the following errors can be eliminated by taking mean of bot face observations ? a) error due to imperfect graduations b) error due to eccentricity of verniers c) error due to imperfect adjustment of plate levels d) error due to line of collimation not being perpendicular to horizontal axis Ans: d 43. Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ? a) error due to horizontal axis not being perpendicular to the vertical axis b) index error i.e. error due to imperfect adjustment of the vertical circle vernier c) error due to non-parallelism of the axis of telescope level and line of collimation d) none of the above Ans: d 44. If a tripod settles in the interval that elapses between taking a back sight reading and the following foresight reading, then the elevation of turning point will a) increase b) decrease c) not change d) either 'a' or 'b' Ans: a 45. If altitude bubble is provided both on index frame as well as on telescope of a theodolite, then the instrument is levelled with reference to i) altitude bubble on index frame ii) altitude bubble on index frame if it is to be used as a level iii) altitude bubble on telescope iv) altitude bubble on telescope if it is to be used as a level The correct answer is a) only (i) b) both (i) and (iv) c) only (iii) d) both (ii) and (iii) Ans: b 46. A'level line'is a a) horizontal line b) line parallel to the mean spheriodal surface of earth c) line passing through the center of cross hairs and the center of eye piece d) line passing through the objective lens and the eye-piece of a dumpy or tilting level Ans: b 47. The following sights are taken on a "turning point" a) foresight only b) backsight only c) foresight and backsight d) foresight and intermediate sight Ans: c 48. The rise and fall method of levelling provides a complete check on a) backsight b) intermediate sight c) foresight d) all of the above Ans: d 49. If the R.L. of a B.M. is 100.00 m, the back- sight is 1.215 m and the foresight is 1.870 m, the R.L. of the forward station is a) 99.345 m b) 100.345 m c) 100.655m d) 101.870m Ans: a 50. In an internal focussing type of telescope, the lens provided is a) concave b) convex c) plano-convex d) plano-concave Ans: a 51. Which of the following errors can be neutralised by setting the level midway between the two stations ? a) error due to curvature only b) error due to refraction only c) error due to both curvature and re-fraction d) none of the above Ans: c 52. Height of instrument method of levelling is a) more accurate than rise and fall method b) less accurate than rise and fall method c) quicker and less tedious for large number of intermediate sights d) none of the above Ans: c 53. The rise and fall method a) is less.accurate than height of instrument method b) is not suitable for levelling with tilting levels c) provides a check on the reduction of intermediate point levels d) quicker and less tedious for large number of intermediate sights Ans: c 54. If the staff is not held vertical at a level¬ling station, the reduced level calculated from the observation would be a) true R.L. b) more than true R.L. c) less than true R.L. d) none of the above Ans: c 55. The difference between a level line and a horizontal line is that a) level line is a curved line while horizontal line is a straight line b) level line is normal to plumb line while horizontal line may not be normal to plumb line at the tangent point to level line c) horizontal line is normal to plumb line while level line may not be normal to the plumb line d) both are same Ans: a 56. The sensitivity of a bubble tube can be increased by a) increasing the diameter of the tube b) decreasing the length of bubble c) increasing the viscosity of liquid d) decreasing the radius of curvature of tube Ans: a 57. With the rise of temperature, the sensitivity of a bubble tube a) decreases b) increases c) remains unaffected d) none of the above Ans: a 58. Refraction correction a) completely eliminates curvature correction b) partially eliminates curvature correction c) adds to the curvature correction d) has no effect on curvature correction Ans: b 59. The R.L, of the point A which is on the floor is 100 m and back sight reading on A is 2.455 m. If the foresight reading on the point B which is on the ceiling is 2.745 m, the R.L. of point B will be a) 94.80 m b) 99.71 m c) 100.29 m d) 105.20 m Ans: d 60. As applied to staff readings, the corrections for curvature and refraction are respectively The above table shows a part of a level field book. The value of X should be a) 98.70 b) 100.00 c) 102.30 d) 103.30 Ans: b 63. If the horizontal distance between the staff point and the point of observation is d, then the error due to curvature of earth is proportional to a) d b) 1/d c) d2 d) 1/d2 Ans: c 64. Sensitiveness of a level tube is designated by a) radius of level tube b) length of level tube c) length of bubble of level tube d) none of the above Ans: a 65. Which of the following statements is in-correct ? a) Error due to refraction may not be completely eliminated by reciprocal levelling. b) Tilting levels are commonly used for precision work. c) The last reading of levelling is always a foresight. d) All of the above statements are incorrect. Ans: d 66. Dumpy level is most suitable when a) the instrument is to be shifted frequently b) fly levelling is being done over long distance c) many readings are to be taken from a single setting of the instrument d) all of the above Ans: c 67. The difference of levels between two stations A and B is to be determined. For best results, the instrument station should be a) equidistant from A and B b) closer to the higher station c) closer to the lower station d) as far as possible from the line AB Ans: a 68. Contour interval is a) inversely proportional to the scale of the map b) directly proportional to the flatness of ground c) larger for accurate works d) larger if the time available is more Ans: a 69. An imaginary line lying throughout the surface of ground and preserving a constant inclination to the horizontal is known as a) contour line b) horizontal equivalent c) contour interval d) contour gradient Ans: d 70. The suitable contour interval for a map with scale 1 : 10000 is a) 2 m b) 5m c) 10 m d) 20 m Ans: a 71. Select the correct statement. a) A contour is not necessarily a closed curve. b) A contour represents a ridge line if the concave side of lower value con¬tour lies towards the higher value contour. c) Two contours of different elevations do not cross each other except in case of an overhanging cliff. d) All of the above statements are correct. Ans: c 72. A series of closely spaced contour lines represents a a) steep slope b) gentle slope c) uniform slope d) plane surface Ans: a 73. Direct method of contouring is a) a quick method b) adopted for large surveys only c) most accurate method d) suitable for hilly terrains Ans: c 74. In direct method of contouring, the process of locating or identifying points lying on a contour is called a) ranging b) centring c) horizontal control d) vertical control Ans: d 75. In the cross-section method of indirect contouring, the spacing of cross-sections depends upon i) contour interval ii) scale of plan iii) characteristics of ground The correct answer is a) only (i) b) (i)and(ii) c) (ii) and (iii) d) (i), (ii) and (iii) Ans: d 76. Which of the following methods of con-touring is most suitable for a hilly terrain ? a) direct method b) square method c) cross-sections method d) tacheometric method Ans: d 77. Select the correct statement. a) Contour interval on any map is kept constant. b) Direct method of contouring is cheap¬er than indirect method. c) Inter-visibility of points on a contour map cannot be ascertained. d) Slope of a hill cannot be determined with the help of contours. Ans: a 78. Closed contours, with higher value inwards, represent a a) depression b) hillock c) plain surface d) none of the above Ans: b 79. Contour interval is a) the vertical distance between two con-secutive contours b) the horizontal distance between two consecutive contours c) the vertical distance between two points on same contour d) the horizontal distance between two points on same contour Ans: a 80. Benchmark is established by a) hypsometry b) barometric levelling c) spirit levelling d) trigonometrical levelling Ans: c 81. The type of surveying which requires least office work is a) tacheomefry b) trigonometrical levelling c) plane table surveying d) theodolite surveying Ans: c 82. Intersection method of detailed plotting is most suitable for a) forests b) urban areas c) hilly areas d) plains Ans: c 83. Detailed plotting is generally done by a) radiation b) traversing c) resection d) all of the above Ans: a 84. Three point problem can be solved by a) Tracing paper method b) Bessels method c) Lehman's method d) all of the above Ans: d 85. The size of a plane table is a) 750 mm x 900 mm b) 600 mm x 750 mm c) 450 mm x 600 mm d) 300 mm x 450 mm Ans: b 86. The process of determining the locations of the instrument station by drawing re sectors from the locations of the known stations is called a) radiation b) intersection c) resection d) traversing Ans: c 87. The instrument used for accurate centering in plane table survey is a) spirit level b) alidade c) plumbing fork d) trough compass Ans: c 88. Which of the following methods of plane table surveying is used to locate the position of an inaccessible point ? a) radiation b) intersection c) traversing d) resection Ans: b 89. The two point problem and three point problem are methods of a) resection b) orientation c) traversing d) resection and orientation Ans: d 90. The resection by two point problem as compared to three point problem a) gives more accurate problem b) takes less time c) requires more labour d) none of the above Ans: c 91. The methods used for locating the plane table stations are i) radiation ii) traversing iii) intersection iv) resection The correct answer is a) (i) and (ii) b) (iii) and (iv) c) (ii) and (iv) d) (i) and (iii) Ans: c 92. After fixing the plane table to the tripod, the main operations which are needed at each plane table station are i) levelling ii) orientation iii) centering The correct sequence of these operations is a) (i), (ii),.(iii) b) (i), (iii), (ii) c) (iii), (i), (ii) d) (ii), (Hi), (i) Ans: b 93. Bowditch rule is applied to a) an open traverse for graphical adjustment b) a closed traverse for adjustment of closing error c) determine the effect of local attraction d) none of the above Ans: b 94. If in a closed traverse, the sum of the north latitudes is more than the sum of the south latitudes and also the sum of west departures is more than the sum of the east departures, the bearing of the closing line is in the a) NE quadrant b) SE quadrant c) NW quadrant d) SW quadrant Ans: b 95. If the reduced bearing of a line AB is N60°W and length is 100 m, then the latitude and departure respectively of the line AB will be a) +50 m, +86.6 m b) +86.6 m, -50 m c) +50m, -86.6 m d) +70.7 m,-50 m Ans: b 96. The angle between the prolongation of the preceding line and the forward line of a traverse is called a) deflection angle b) included angle c) direct angle d) none of the above Ans: a 97. Transit rule of adjusting the consecutive coordinates of a traverse is used where a) linear and angular measurements of the traverse are of equal accuracy b) angular measurements are more accurate than linear measurements c) linear measurements are more accurate than angular measurements d) all of the above Ans: b 98. Which of the following methods of theodolite traversing is suitable for locating the details which are far away from transit stations ? a) measuring angle and distance from one transit station b) measuring angles to the point from at least two stations c) measuring angle at one station and distance from other d) measuring distance from two points on traverse line Ans: b 99. Subtense bar is an instrument used for a) levelling b) measurement of horizontal distances in plane areas c) measurement of horizontal distances in undulated areas d) measurement of angles Ans: c 100. Horizontal distances obtained by thermometric observations a) require slope correction b) require tension correction c) require slope and tension corrections d) do not require slope and tension corrections Ans: d 101. The number of horizontal cross wires in a stadia diaphragm is a) one b) two c) three d) four Ans: c 102. If the intercept on a vertical staff is ob-served as 0.75 m from a tacheometer, the horizontal distance between tacheometer and staff station is a) 7.5 m b) 25 m c) 50 d) 75 m Ans: d 103. For a tacheometer the additive and multi-plying constants are respectively a) 0 and 100 b) 100 and 0 c) 0 and 0 d) 100 and 100 Ans: a 104. If the focal length of the object glass is 25 cm and the distance from object glass to the trunnion axis is 15 cm, the additive constant is a) 0.1 b) 0.4 c) 0.6 d) 1.33 Ans: b 105. Overturning of vehicles on a curve can be avoided by using a) compound curve b) vertical curve c) reverse curve d) transition curve Ans: d 106. Different grades are joined together by a a) compound curve b) transition curve c) reverse curve d) vertical curve Ans: d SURVEYING Objective type Questions and Answers pdf free download :: Read the full article

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andromeda1023 · 7 years

Photo

Launcher for next space station crew in position for liftoff Friday

A Russian Soyuz rocket made a railroad journey Wednesday to its launch pad in Kazakhstan, two days before blastoff with a crew of three spaceflight veterans from the United States, Italy and Russia heading for the International Space Station.

The three-stage rocket departed an assembly building just after sunrise Wednesday on a special rail car for the journey to Launch Pad No. 1, the same mount from which Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin launched on the first piloted space mission in April 1961.

A hydraulic lift raised the Soyuz vertical before swing arms moved into place around the rocket. The launch structure containing the Soyuz booster then rotated to align with the planned launch azimuth.

Friday’s liftoff is scheduled for 1541 GMT (11:41 a.m. EDT; 9:41 p.m. Baikonur time). The three-man crew inside the Soyuz MS-05 capsule will head into orbit on a fast-track pursuit of the space station, with docking set for approximately 2200 GMT (6 p.m. EDT) with the research outpost’s Rassvet module.

Russian cosmonaut Sergey Ryazanskiy, 42, will occupy the Soyuz spacecraft’s center seat during Friday’s launch and docking. The Soyuz commander, a biochemist with a career in space medicine before his selection as a cosmonaut in 2003, is making his second trip to the space station after spending 166 days in orbit as a flight engineer on the Expedition 37 and 38 crews.

NASA astronaut Randy Bresnik will be the Soyuz MS-05 spaceship’s board engineer, assisting Ryazanskiy with cockpit duties during the six-hour voyage from liftoff to docking. The 49-year-old retired Marine Corps fighter pilot hails from Santa Monica, California, and logged nearly 11 days in orbit aboard the space shuttle Atlantis on a 2009 mission to the space station.

Bresnik will take command of the station’s Expedition 53 crew in September.

European Space Agency flight engineer Paolo Nespoli has 174 days of space experience on two previous missions, including a flight on the shuttle Discovery in 2007 and a long-duration stay on the space station in 2010 and 2011. Nespoli, 60, is a native of Milan and was a special forces operator in the Italian Army before working on several European space projects as an engineer.

More info and video: https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/07/26/launcher-for-next-space-station-crew-in-position-for-liftoff-friday/

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janetgannon · 7 years

Text

Thinking about Autopilot

The new breed of solid-state compasses will steady your autopilot and take the wiggle out of your wake.

Years ago, my parents owned a C&C 37 that we cruised extensively offshore, often sailing from our Connecticut home to points north such as Maine and Nova Scotia. While the boat was quick on most points of sail, her tumblehome hull form meant that she was a squirrelly ride off the breeze, especially in a quartering seaway with her autopilot driving. I can remember more than a few moments of lurking fear as Windancer’s stern would lift, and the corkscrew ride would commence.

Sometimes the autopilot would keep pace, but other times its fluxgate compass, which reported its heading information at a rate of just 1 hertz, or once per second, would lag in big seas, causing the autopilot to “hunt” for its proper course. The results could get ugly, especially if we were sailing deep angles.

Granted, this was in the early 1990s, when autopilots weren’t as robust as current models. Today’s solid-state compasses offer significantly faster reporting rates, while also providing other benefits that extend far past an autopilot’s performance.

Technology in Flux

Fluxgate compasses have been widely used since the 1930s to supply analog heading data to a vessel’s autopilot, and as technology evolved, to its navigation system via an electronic signal. While effective, fluxgate compasses suffer from several physical limitations, including interference from ferrous metals; declination issues when used at higher latitudes; and in boisterous conditions, “gimbal lock,” or the inability to compensate for a boat’s movement. Also, as previously mentioned, many fluxgate compasses typically use a 1-hertz reporting rate, which will produce sluggish results in brisk conditions. To improve performance, in regard to response times at least, some compass manufacturers, including Digital Yacht and KVH, offer models with 10-hertz reporting rates.

Other electronics manufacturers have taken a different tack and have developed faster, more-accurate electronic compasses that rely on solid-state componentry to provide better heading-reference information, irrespective of sea state or latitude.

As with many marine-electronics offerings, the technology that enables solid-state sensors trickled down from elsewhere — in this case, the aviation industry. Altitude Heading Reference System (AHRS) technology was created to replace older mechanical gyroscopic instruments for pilots. This technology employs solid-state or micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), including microscopic mechanical devices with tiny moving components (typically measured between 0.001 and 0.1 millimeters), a microprocessor, and microsensors to measure pitch, roll and yaw.

The consumer-electronics market later embraced AHRS technology for use in the inertial navigation systems that are found in smartphones, tablets and other devices, thus increasing these sensors’ availability and reducing costs.

Today’s solid-state compasses rely on sophisticated componentry, including accelerometers, which measure angular velocity in all three axes; gyroscopes, which monitor pitch, roll and yaw; and magnetometers, which measure azimuth information. The net result is a significantly faster generation of compasses that report at speeds ranging from 10 to 30 hertz or more. Heading information is accurate to 1 or 2 degrees across nine different axes, and these devices will talk directly with your vessel’s autopilot and its NMEA 0183, NMEA 2000 or other proprietary data backbone.

There are currently a few solid-state compasses available for the recreational marine-electronics market. Players include Airmar’s GH2183 and H2183 sensors, B&G’s Precision 9, Garmin’s nine-axis Heading Sensor, Maretron’s SSC300 solid-state compass and Raymarine’s EV1. Each of these provide night-and-day performance improvements over Windancer’s old fluxgate compass. Additionally, Furuno’s PG700 heading sensor is a “hybrid” compass that uses a solid-state accelerometer and a flux-gate magnetometer whose core continually floats, thanks to an “infinite” axis design. According to Eric Kunz, Furuno’s senior product manager, this hybrid solution offers “the same accuracy of the latest MEMS designs without the computational requirements to achieve it.”

Modern solid-state heading sensors, such as B&G’s Precision 9 (left) and Raymarine’s EV1 (right) — pictured alongside Raymarine’s Evolution autopilot control head — are rugged, compact and designed to fit somewhere out of the way on the centerline of the boat. The data these devices collect can be shared with other onboard instruments.

At Work at Sea

“The biggest jump is in autopilot performance,” says Jim McGowan, the Americas marketing manager at FLIR Maritime, which includes Raymarine. Older-generation autopilots blindly drove their course using only their fluxgate compass for their eyes, explains McGowan. Now, with a calibrated EV1 compass networked to a Raymarine Evolution autopilot, the system can predict vessel motion and pre-emptively move the rudder to maintain its heading.

Other manufacturers note a similar spike in performance when their autopilots are paired with a fast, accurate heading-reference system. “Our Precision 9 is quick to stabilize at a new heading after a course change,” says Mark Harnett, a product manager at Navico, B&G’s parent company. “This translates to the autopilot, which stabilizes faster and gets onto the new heading faster.” According to Harnett, when B&G’s Precision 9 was bench-tested against its sister-brand Simrad’s RC42 fluxgate compass, which sells for $645, and its GC80 commercial-grade gyrocompass, which goes for $15,000, the Precision 9’s performance was much closer to the GC80 than the RC42. Those are impressive results, given that the Precision 9 costs within a few dollars of the RC42’s fetching price.

Accurate heading-reference information is also critical to a boat’s navigation system, specifically with respect to stabilizing an electronic chart on a chart-plotter screen when a vessel isn’t moving and the GPS can’t generate course-over-ground information. If a vessel doesn’t have a heading-reference system, says Harnett, charts that are viewed in a heads-up orientation while the vessel is at anchor will move around on-screen; with a sensor, charts that are viewed in a north-up presentation will be stable, since they are referenced north, however, says Harnett, “you’ll find your boat icon will be doing a little crazy circle all the time.”

Likewise, a boat’s radar will also benefit from a fast and accurate heading-reference system. According to Dave Dunn, Garmin’s director of marine sales and marketing, a vessel at anchor will experience alignment issues between its radar and chart plotter if the navigator is attempting to use the plotter’s radar-overlay feature. Without a heading sensor, says Dunn, “the whole picture will spin, and the radar overlay is useless.” Fortunately, this is an easy fix. “With a heading sensor, the radar will always be lined up with the chart,” says Dunn.

Cruisers who use their radar’s Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) and Mini-Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (MARPA) target-tracking features can also experience headaches if they don’t have an accurate heading-reference sensor. While ARPA and MARPA are powerful tools, they typically require a 10-hertz heading-update rate, which an older, slower fluxgate compass can’t support. For example, says McGowan, a radar-equipped boat with a fluxgate compass that’s executing a jibe or tack could experience a lag between its chart plotter and radar, causing the radar to drop its targets.

McGowan says that ARPA-equipped radars can typically reacquire dropped targets, but MARPA targets, which have to be manually entered, are usually lost. Here, however, the significantly faster updating rates offered by contemporary solid-state compasses allow a networked radar to quickly and constantly crunch accurate vector calculations to its tracked targets, reducing the chance of losing them while maneuvering.

Despite each company’s proprietary technology, the nine-axis sensors built by Garmin (right) and Maretron (left) all provide extensive data regarding a vessel’s heading and movement through the water.

Smarter Devices

While these faster, more-accurate solid-state compasses deliver better heading-reference information, they can also improve the capabilities of your navigation and instrumentation system. For example, Raymarine’s EV1 removes vessel movement from its heading information. “Our new Sensor Fusion software stabilizes the navigation data that comes through the network,” says McGowan. The EV1’s sensor measures vessel movement to one-thousandth of a degree. “Pitch and roll will affect the GPS sensor, which is moving as the boat moves, and will sense change as speed- or course-over-ground changes. Now, we send the GPS data through the EV1, which corrects the data and sends it to the MFD.” Interestingly, the EV1’s processor can perform these same corrections to wind data, allowing cruisers to think in terms of true-wind angles and speeds, much like racing sailors.

Likewise, racers often focus on a boat’s heel angle because it helps them to quickly feel if their sails are properly trimmed and if weight is well-situated. Today’s solid-state compasses can output heel angle as a deliverable metric. While cruisers aren’t likely to stack sail bags to windward or ask their first mate to spend the graveyard watch on the rail, heel angle is a great, at-a-glance metric for determining if your sails are properly trimmed and if the boat’s over- or underpowered.

When it comes to installation, each manufacturer has its own requirements, but, generally speaking, adding a solid-state compass is fairly straightforward. “It’s an easy, two-step DIY job, thanks to its NMEA 2000 connectivity,” says Garmin’s Dunn, and his colleagues agree when discussing their own products.

Garmin’s new compass, as well as B&G’s Precision 9 and Raymarine’s EV1, all come with an IPX7 rating, allowing them to survive what Dunn describes as “bilge conditions.” The best approach is to mount these compasses amidships and on the centerline.

Once installed, solid-state compasses are also dramatically easier to calibrate than traditional fluxgate compasses. Manufacturers provide setup wizards, and the devices self-calibrate by running a series of background calculations as you cruise, or require just a single circle to gain their bearings. One important consideration to keep in mind is that solid-state compasses, like traditional compasses, are still susceptible to magnetic interference from ferrous metals.

“Any iron or steel — ferrous metals — will impact solid-state MEMS,” says Harnett. Others agreed. “The EV1’s sensor, at its heart, is still a magnetic device, so most of the rules that apply to other compasses apply to an EV1 as well,” notes McGowan. Still, the EV1 is constantly self-calibrating in the background. “That being said, the electronics that are in it are much, much smarter when it comes to calculating deviation. The sensors are a lot more sensitive to be able to pick out the true magnetic flux versus objects around it.”

While it’s true that solid-state compasses don’t offer the same level of performance as the mechanical gyrocompasses found aboard many merchant ships, they can be purchased for a fraction of the cost. Models start at about $600; their big-ship siblings can go for 20 or 25 times more. Moreover, solid-state compasses also eliminate the gimbal-lock, where the compass physically bottoms-out in rough seas, and which can damage fluxgate compasses over time, says McGovern.

If you’re thinking of upgrading an autopilot or looking to add some extra horsepower to your navigation capabilities without having to spend a small fortune, consider adding a solid-state compass. Given the simple DIY installation job — not to mention the benefits that these compasses can provide — there’s little reason not to add one of these units to your spring commissioning list. And should you have an older IOR-style cruiser/racer like Windancer, upgrading your autopilot and heading-reference systems is a must, especially if you’re not fond of crash jibes at 0200 hours on some windy, wave-tossed night.

By David Schmidt CW

Read Full Content Here

The post Thinking about Autopilot appeared first on YachtAweigh.

from http://yachtaweigh.com/thinking-about-autopilot/ from https://yachtaweigh.tumblr.com/post/159646263201

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let-the-universe-guide-us · 5 years

Text

Monday, November 26, 2018

Waning Gibbous

Moonset: 10:03 am (CST)

Moonrise: 8:45 pm (CST)

Day 19 - 81.8%

Azimuth: 59° 06’ 31”

Altitude: -8° 35’ 28”

Distance: 366,158km

Angular Diameter: 0° 32’ 38”

Ecliptic Longitude: 100° 55’ 26”

Ecliptic Latitude: -1° 38’ 57”

Obligatory of the Ecliptic: 23° 26’ 12”

Local Sidereal Time: 23h 14m 29s

Right Ascension: 6h 46m 09s

Declination: 21° 20’ 37”

Sunrise: 6:40 am (CST)

Sunset: 5:09 pm (CST)

Daylength: 10h 28m 53s

Azimuth: 259° 23’ 43”

Altitude: -25° 02’ 11”

Distance to Sun: 147,649,955km

Sun Angular Diameter: 0° 32’ 24”

Zodiac: Cancer

Symbol: Spider

Crystals: Labradorite, Morion, Bloodstone, Chrysolite, Green Granite

Characteristics: A day of dangerous ideas, illusions and temptations, laid like a spider’s web. The day is also connected to individual potential and creativity. In an esoteric sense the day is connected to astral cleansing and magic.

Business: The day is hard. It is neutral for work. The first half of the day is rather favorable. During this time you can receive protection from authority and expect sponsor support.

Recommend: The day is good for cleansing of soul and body, as well as thoughts, practice of restraint and humility, humbleness and dedication, clear consciousness, and forgiveness.

Planting: The moon in Cancer is very moist. The most productive for planting and irrigation. One of the most fertile days.

#moon calendar #moon #Isla Speaking #witchcraft #zodiac

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jeantparks · 7 years

Text

Thinking about Autopilot

The new breed of solid-state compasses will steady your autopilot and take the wiggle out of your wake.

Technology in Flux

At Work at Sea

Smarter Devices

By David Schmidt CW

Read Full Content Here

The post Thinking about Autopilot appeared first on YachtAweigh.

source http://yachtaweigh.com/thinking-about-autopilot/ from http://yatchaweigh.blogspot.com/2017/04/thinking-about-autopilot.html

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