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midseo · 1 month

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Methyl Diethyl Safranine, Methyl Diethyl Safranine Manufacturer, India

Methyl Diethyl Safranine : We are Methyl Diethyl Safranine Manufacturer, Methyl Diethyl Safranine Exporter, Supplier in Mumbai, India. Call Now.

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moleculardepot · 1 year

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Thymolphthalein (Highly Pure)

Thymolphthalein (Highly Pure) Catalog number: B2012732 Lot number: Batch Dependent Expiration Date: Batch dependent Amount: 1 g Molecular Weight or Concentration: 430.5 g/mol Supplied as: Lyophilized Powder Applications: molecular tool for various biochemical applications Storage: RT Keywords: 5′,5′′-Diisopropyl-2′,2′′-dimethylphenolphthalein Grade: Biotechnology grade. All products are highly…

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mega-prajakta-123 · 4 years

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#Thymolphthalein

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the-gspchem-blog · 5 years

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Gsp chem one of the best Ph indicator manufacturer company in India.

Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS.It is used in microbiology in the Voges-Proskauer test to identify bacteria that produce stable acids through mixed acid fermentation of glucose.

For more : http://gspchem.com/ Call : +91 2525 661040/645115

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anon-drabble · 5 years

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the science of love part 1

i‘m so excited to post this, you have no idea. i was lucky enough to commission the wonderful @napporin to draw a header image of sorts for this series. introducing.... scientist jumin! a series of mini-fics (or full fics, who knows) staring jumin as a scientist and the epic experiments he might plan. mc as his hapless assistant...and maybe eventually more. please look forward to the next part of this, posted sporadically here and on ao3! and please give @napporin lots of love for drawing this epic image based on my babbling! ♥

a03 | ko-fi | twitter

Excitement couldn’t begin to describe it! Today was your first day at your dream job. Or it was supposed to be. At the very least, a gateway to bigger and better things. An apprenticeship with your school, working under a renowned scientist. You knew you’d be able to learn so much. But as soon as word spread of your good luck, you received an unexpected reaction. Pity. Sympathy. Worry. This man you’d be following had a reputation, apparently. It made him rather infamous around campus. Some said he was a demon to work for, demanding and even degrading to his assistants. Others said he was just closed off and preferred not to speak to others. Some even went so far as to make claims of sexual harassment. It worried you but you still felt optimistic. These claims were all rumors, after all. All came from second-hand sources, those who had not worked directly with him. But at the same time, it did make you realize that you couldn’t find anyone who had worked with him. It was hard to know what to believe.

So it was with some trepidation that you knocked on the door to the lab. There was a pause then it swung open but no one was there. You peeked inside as someone had to be there. The door didn’t open by itself. Finally, a man bustled past, holding beakers and vials. He didn’t look at you or acknowledge you but hurried past. You took a single step forward but paused, a little unsure of yourself. He stopped at a table, unloading three containers of various shapes. He immediately began to fill them and label them before finally speaking.

“Well. Are you going to come inside or not?”

You stammered but stepped in and shut the door.

“Good. You’re the intern, aren’t you? Grab me the nepetalactone. It’s in the cabinet on the other wall, it is labeled with its chemical formula.”

Was this a test already? You slowly approached the cabinet, wracking your brain. You didn’t know if you knew what nepetalactone really was. You’d heard it before, probably, but it didn’t ring any bells. You inspected the contents. All were labeled with formulas. The labels were clean and meticulous, easy-to-read. But labeling them as the formulas?

Your eyes scanned past KOH (which you knew was potassium hydroxide; that was an easy one), NaHCO3 (sodium carbonate, another easy one), C4H6O6 (you didn’t quite recognize that one either), even C28H30O4 which you recognized as thymolphthalein, disappearing ink. You’d made your own batch of disappearing ink in the past, just for fun. You finally spotted a small jar with the label C10H14O2 . The only reason you noticed it was it looked more worn than the others. The jar appeared to have been handled much more than many of the others. It was still clean and the label was intact but there were fingerprints and slight discoloration of the paper label. You quickly tried to break down the formula to figure out if it was the mystery nepetalactone. But knowing it had ten carbon didn’t really help at all. Then you remembered something from a botany class, when you had learned some plant formulas. Nepeta was a plant in the mint family, known more commonly as...catnip. Catnip? He wanted catnip?

You shot a look over to the man who was still working, not taking note of you. Until he finally looked up and you met his eyes for the first time. He still had a look of deep concentration but you felt the intensity of his gaze, combined with his handsome features, and suddenly you found you had nothing to say.

“Did you not find the nepetalactone? It is in there. Or perhaps you don’t know the formula.” Oh. He caught you. You must have given some sign of confirmation because he sighed, stood up and approached the cabinet. He grabbed the jar you’d hesitated on, the C10H14O2 . He looked down at you, which you found much more intimidating. “This one,” he said. You nodded to show you understood and his expression softened, losing the edge to it. Now he just looked handsome. “I use this often so do your best to learn it.” Then he went to resume his work.

“Wait, you use catnip? But why? What are you doing in here?” you finally asked.

He didn’t look up, taking a careful measurement of nepetalactone. “What am I doing?” he repeated, and though he kept his head down, you thought you saw a slight smile, the smallest upturn of the corners of his mouth. “I am making a line of cologne, perfumes, and soaps, all of which will provide pleasing scents to cats. Modern soaps and cleaners are often too strong and upset a cat’s delicate nose. My products will ensure the cats will enjoy the scent and the owners will not have to worry.”

Well, it wasn’t exactly going to change the world but at least it was a job, right? But you were starting to perhaps understand why people had offered sympathies. You had the impression this might prove to be a very different work environment.

#mystic messenger #jumin han #napporin #mysme #lab au #scientist au #jumin x mc #mysme jumin #mm jumin #a writing egg #mysme au

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nordipalooza · 5 years

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Nordipalooza 2019: Fanworks Master List

The following is a complete list of the fanworks submitted during the 2019 Nordipalooza fest. It's arranged in the order they were submitted. I've included links to crossposts where applicable. :) Commenting is very encouraged!

01. Warmth by Tintaglia. Norway/Iceland, rated M. Prompt: Norway, Iceland - Anticipation - Modern.

Summary: Norway and Iceland spend a Christmas alone together, with wine. Features the two in a pairing. 02. Perspective by Yuuago. Norway/Hong Kong, rated G. Prompt: Norway, Anyone - fresh air - modern. Crossposts: Tumblr, Ao3 Summary: Norway takes Hong Kong for an outing in the mountains. Though they're very different types of people, they're more comfortable together than either of them would ever have expected. 03. Bad Press by Kanadka. Sweden & Denmark, rated T. Prompt: Sweden, Denmark - Winter - 1600s. Summary: Denmark puts his big mouth to good use. (Not as dirty as it sounds.) 04. Warming Up by Dalasport. Finland & Iceland, rated K+. Prompt: Iceland, Finland - Warming up - Kalmar Union. Crossposts: Ao3 Summary: Tino arrives at his new home after the signing of the Kalmar Union. His first encounter with Eiríkur is not what he expects it to be, but he has ways of making people warm up quickly. 05. Close to You by Yuuago. Norway/Iceland, rated PG. Prompt: Norway, Iceland - Comfort - Modern. Crossposts: Tumblr, Ao3 Summary: Iceland can't remember the last time he's seen Norway looking so exhausted. 06. Stagnate by Thymolphthalein. Norway & Sweden, with implied Netherlands/Norway, rated T. Prompt: Norway, Sweden - Waiting for someone. Crossposts: Ao3 Summary: They're supposed to wait, and Finland will bring back Iceland; everything will be okay. But it isn't, and nobody taught Sweden how to hope. 07. The Last Night by Scarlettlillies. Finland & Estonia, rated K+. Prompt: Finland, Any Nation - Final meeting. Crossposts: DW Summary: Finland and Estonia meet up for drinks. But Finland can't shake off how odd his neighbour is acting.

#aph denmark #aph norway #aph sweden #aph finland #aph iceland #hetalia #nordic 5 #nordipalooza #master list

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moutere-mahue · 5 years

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My thing for @hetaliawritersdiscord‘s drabble prompts. Antarctic-themed.

Characters: APH Norway, England, New Zealand. Lawrence Oates.

Word Count: 180

Warnings: None

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science-assistant · 5 years

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Lab 1 Front

・Pestle ・Mortar　・Evaporation dish

・Cotton ・Swab ・Gauze

・Medical spoon ・spoon ・measuring spoon

・Fork ・tweezers (large / small)

・Burning plate ・triangle frame ・crucible

・Thermometer ・Digital thermometer

・Glove ・Muffle ・Crucible holder

・Medicine package

・Phenolphthalein (solution, powder)

・BTB solution methyl orange iodine solution

・Thymolphthalein Venez Test solution

・Acetate Orcein Litmus Paper (Red Blue)

・pH test paper (pH 1 to 14) Cobalt chloride paper

・Potassium iodide starch paper

・Petit bottle (for medicine dripping) lead acetate test paper

・Filter paper

・Lighter ・gas cylinder (for lighter)

・Match ・test tube holder

・Burning spoon ・Candle

・Hera (for cleaning of the low stick stuck to the desk)

・Electronic balance (min 0.01g)

・Hose ・rubber tube ・cork press

・Silicon tube (to induction tube, water supply etc)

#場所

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midseo · 2 months

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Safranin, Safranine O Manufacturer, Supplier, Exporter, Mumbai, India

Safranin, Safranine O Manufacturer, Supplier, Exporter, Mumbai, India.

Chemical, Chemicals, Electroplating Chemical, Electroplating Chemicals, Lab Chemical, Lab Chemicals, Laboratory Chemical, Laboratory Chemicals, Industrial Chemical, Industrial Chemicals, Safranine, Safranine O, 7 Diamino 2, 8 Dimethyl 5 Phenyl, Phenazinium Chloride, Diethyl Safranine, N Diethyl Phenosafranine, 3 Amino 7 dimethylamino, Basic Violet 5, Basic Violet 8, Thioflavin T, Basic Yellow, Basic Yellow I, O Cresolphthalein, Thymolphthalein, Biological Stain, Biological Stains, PH Indicator, PH Indicators, Lab Reagent, Lab Reagents, Laboratory Reagent, Laboratory Reagents, Dyes & Chemicals, Dye & Chemical, Dyes & Chemicals, Acid Fuchsin, Alizarin Yellow, Alizarin Yellow GG, Alizarin Yellow R, Aurin, Rosolic Acid, p-Rosolic Acid, Azure A, Azure B, Azure 11, Azure 11 Eosinate, Barium Diphenylamine Sulphonate, Basic Fuchsin, Biebrich Scarlet, Brilliant Green, Bromocresol Purple, Bromocresol Purple Sodium Salt, Bromophenol Blue, Bromophenol Blue Sodium Salt, Bromophenol Red, Bromothymol Blue, Bromothymol Blue Sodium Salt, Calcon, Solochrome Dark Blue, Calconcarboxylic Acid, Calmagite, Carbol Fuchsin, Chromotrope 2B, Chromotrope 2R, O Cresolphthalein Complexone, Cresol Red, Cresol Red Sodium Salt, 2:6 Dichlorophenol Indophenol Sodium, 4',5' Dibromofluorescein, Dimethylglyoxime GR, Eosin Blue, Eosin Yellow, Free Acid Eosin Yellow, Water Soluble Eosin Yellow, Eriochrome, Solochrome Black T, Ethyl Orange, Evans Blue, Fluorescein, Fluorescein Complexone, Calcein, Fluorescein Sodium, Giemsa Stain, Hydroxy Naphthol Blue, Indoine Blue, Leishman Stain, May & Grunwald Stain, Methyl Blue, Aniline Blue W/S, Methylene Violet 3Rax, Methyl Orange, Methyl Red, Methylthymol Blue Complexon, Methyl Violet, Naphthol Green B, Naphtholphthalein, 1 Naphtholphthalein, Neutral Red, Orange G, Nitroso R Salt Gr, Indole 3 Acetic Acid, New Fuchsin, asia, asian, india, indian, mumbai, maharashtra, industrial, industries, thane, navi mumbai, pune, nashik, aurangabad, ratnagiri, nagpur, ahmednagar, akola, amravati, chandrapur, dhule, jalgaon, raigad, sangli, satara, belgaum, kolhapur, belgaon.

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marymosley · 4 years

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Role of Invisible Inks in Criminal Activities

Introduction

With increase in the scientific techniques and modernization, the criminal activities related to document forgery is also increasing tremendously. The forgers are using simple to sophisticated ways to hide their identity and committing criminal activities. One such way is by using different natural and synthetic sources (now, more advanced ways) which are fulfilling the need of creating secret writing possessing secret codes and information as per their advantage by using invisible and disappearing inks. So, this article is intended as an introduction to the roles of invisible inks in criminal activities and the advancements.

What are Invisible Inks?

Invisible inks, also known as security ink or sympathetic ink can be any (unique) fluid or combination of chemicals, used for writing secret messages or text with the intention of hiding the information when it relates to “criminal mindset”. Invisible inks once applied on writing surface, after it dries looks as if it is blank, it disappears either on application or soon after, and can only be revealed by suitable means.

History of Invisible Inks

The use of secret writing has been widely applied since ancient times during War until the early twentieth century by using basic materials like lemon juice, urine to complex chemical preparation, to communicate with the prisoners. Use of “fresh milk” as a means of secret communication was reported by Ovid, and was suggested to reveal by “charcoal powder”. More sophisticated inks (copper sulphate, iron sulphate and cobalt salt) began to use towards the end of World War I which was needed to develop by potassium ferrocyanide and sodium carbonate. Further, the rapid advancement in the technology led to the development of “digitized hidden message”, rather than just be on paper (1).

How Invisible Inks are classified?

The invisible inks can be made to fall into three main classes:

1. Those, revealed by heat,

2. Those, revealed by chemical reactions and,

3. Those, instantly visible under light.

Invisible ink can further be divided into two, according to their sources:

1. Organic fluids: These includes fruit juices (apple, grapes juices), biological fluids (saliva, sweat, even diluted blood) etc. They are easily available and hence approachable for the fraudulent purposes.

2. Synthetic invisible inks/ Sympathetic inks: These are more complicated; require one or more chemical for their composition, and to make the message visible, need specific reagent which often consists of another chemical.

Heat sensitive Invisible Inks

The organic invisible inks like lemon juice, honey, saliva, and even urine and diluted blood can be deciphered by heat, such as with moderate fire, blower or irons. Even soapy water works. These invisible inks work on the principle by subtly altering the fibers of the paper; hence making the secret writing to have a lower burn temperature and when exposed to heat, becomes brown faster than the surrounding paper. Heat not only deciphers the hidden text, rather it also erases the print or text.

People might wonder that why the print on ATM receipts/bus tickets disappears after sometimes. This is because the print is made by “thermal printing” method (2), based on the principle of “Thermochromism”- a colour changing process due to heating, on a thermal paper saturated with mixture of organic dye, an octadecylphosphonic acid and suitable matrix (like Fluoran leuco dye). After some days the print on the receipt slowly fades or disappears when exposed to sunlight (heat). However it can be revealed back by simply heating the receipt with a blow dryer upto a certain temperature. Fraudsters make use of this technique and get the account details for the purpose of exploitation.

Recently, a new technology has developed whereby secret information can be encrypted on “rewriteable paper” (coated with manganese-complex) with comparatively low-tech invisible ink- “water”. Preliminary, a message printed by a water-jet printer on such paper is invisible to naked eye, but easily reveals when exposed to 254nm UV light (short-wavelength). The paper can be reused after erasing the message by blowing hot air with a dryer for 15-30 seconds. Here, the print gets develop due to the photoluminescence responses of manganese-complex to water. This paper allows repeated secure printing for more than 25 cycles. More sophisticated approach for high security printing was achieved by coating the paper with phosphine ligands (molecules that can seize on to manganese in manganese halide salt solution ink) to form manganese complex. The print is invisible both under normal and UV light and can only be decrypted by “Photoluminescence Lifetime Imaging Microscope” (PLIM) (3). Using PLIM, the message shows in different colours of red, green, blue and yellow depending upon the emission lifetime.

Decipherment by Chemical reaction

This method of development is bit tricky as it is based upon the Acid-base reaction. In fact, majority of the invisible inks work using acid base (pH) indicator. To reveal the secret message, an acid or a base is sprayed over the suspected surface. Indicators like phenolphthalein and Thymolphthalein are used as an invisible ink which is colorless hence invisible on application, but with a base becomes blue and pink respectively.

Some studies have also revealed the sensitivity and stability of these invisible inks with respect to time and their concentration. These invisible inks can be developed over a range of period which can vary from few hours to days. It also varies with types of paper involved (4). Forgers make use of invisible inks composition according to their need in varied concentration so that the message reveals after some days instead of few minutes to hours.

Digital Invisible Ink Toolkit

Advancement in the field has led to the development of Digital Invisible Ink Toolkit, which works on several algorithms to decrypt information in significant sections of the image. It uses Sobel filter (operator available in Matlab or Python software) which works by estimating the difference in image intensities (from light to dark) at each pixel known as “edge detection” method (5). The rate of change in pixel values in a direction helps to decode the unusual area containing invisible writing.

Light sensitive Invisible Inks

Certain invisible inks fluoresce (glow) when exposed to light. The invention in the recent inks composition has led to a novel combination of light sensitive invisible ink which contains one or more chemicals which cannot be seen by naked eye, but shows fluorescence effect when exposed to far red or IR or UV light. These inks are used widespread in cheques, security and policy papers. The composition contains simple to complex fluorophore (complexed with polymeric materials). The combination includes highly sensitive far red or infrared fluorophore which otherwise is invisible to the naked eye and only reveals by FR/ IR light. Likewise, UV sensitive fluorophore or flourophoric compound are also used which illuminates by UV light. Most of the invisible writing becomes visible under UV light which gives characteristic fluorescence. These inks are often used in thermal printing.

The commonly available UV marker pen is mostly used by fraudsters. Such invisible ink is composed of at least one uncompleted invisible metal phthalocyanine fluorophore (0.0001-0.02% by weight) which absorbs light having wavelength range of about 670-720nm, water and at least one organic solvent as an ink vehicle (6).

Case study: Invisible ink has been used by many fraudsters to commit check fraud, as reported in the case of “Anindita Roy” where the fraudster (private bank loan agent) asked for two blank cheques, over which the word “cancelled” was written by Anindita with “volatile” ink pen (smartly offered by agent). Later, the word “cancelled” disappeared from the cheque and more than Rs 4 lakhs was withdrawn from Anindita’s account by using blank check signed by her (7).

Similarly, Latest TNPSC Group-IV exam scam was reported, where candidates used invisible inks pen to mark the answers.

CONCLUSION

With advancement in technologies, the criminal activities have also paced up rapidly. The forensic examiners encounter many such cases of invisible and disappearing inks in various fraudulent cases. The methods of development of these secret writings help the forensic examiners to deal with such criminal activities. Also, it becomes our responsibility as well to secure our valuable assets and be alert. This article has dealt with some advanced technologies and the role of invisible inks in criminal activities.

References

1.https://blog.findmysupplies.co.uk/the-story-of-invisible-ink/

2.https://pandapaperroll.com/thermal-paper-fades-restore/

3. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-09/cp-spw091819.php

4.Sahu, M., and Hussain, SS., (2017), https://austinpublishinggroup.com/forensicscience-criminology/fulltext/ajfsc-v4-id1061.pdf

5.Disappearing cryptography: Information hiding: stenography and watermarking book by- Peter Wayner, Chapter- Life in the Noise

6.https://patents.google.com/patent/US6149719A/en

7.https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Rs-4-lakh-fraud-with-vanishing-ink/articleshow/21011411.cms

Author :- Sonali Kesarwani, Intern at Legal Desire (2020)

Sonali is a Forensic enthusiast and a post graduate in Forensic Science. She has subsequent experience of case handling, working with comparison microscope, densitometer in CFSL, Chandigarh and RFSL, Dharmshala in Chemistry, Ballistics and other divisions of FS. She holds multiple cerification of National and International seminars. She has also gained experience of Crime Scene Investigation by working with Mobile Forensic Field Unit, Crime branch of Prayagraj. She aspires to build her career as a Lecturar and a Researcher.

The post Role of Invisible Inks in Criminal Activities appeared first on Legal Desire.

Role of Invisible Inks in Criminal Activities published first on https://immigrationlawyerto.tumblr.com/

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rahach · 5 years

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تیمول سیگما | T0501 | Thymol

https://www.rahach.com/?p=1106 تیمول سیگما | T0501 | Thymol ---------------------------------------- ☎️: 02166569720 🌐: https://www.rahach.com/?p=1106 ----------------------------------------- #thymol #thymolblue #thymoldisinfectant #thymoloil #thymolseeds #thymolsideeffects #thymoluses #thymolipoma #thymolizesolution #thymolphthalein #آزمایشگاهمرجعموادغذایی #آزمایشگاهموادمرکب #تیمول #تیمولبلو #تیمولچيست #تیمولچیه #تیمولفتالئین #تیمولفتالیین #تیمولکریستال #تیمولکریستالچیست #تیمولوکارواکرولچیست #تیمولول #تیمولولقرص #تیمولولمالئات #خریدموادآزمایشگاهیسیگما #خریدموادآزمایشگاهیمرک #رهاشیمی #رهاشیمی #سایتسیگماآلدریچ #سيگماآلدريچ #سیگماآلدریچ #سیگماآلدریچایران #سیگماآلدریچچیست #سیگماآلدریچدرتهران #شرکتسیگماآلدریچ #شرکتموادآزمایشگاهیسیگما #شرکتموادآزمایشگاهیمرک #فروشتیمولکریستال #فروشموادآزمایشگاهیسیگما #فروشموادآزمایشگاهیمرک #قیمتموادآزمایشگاهیمرک #لیستموادآزمایشگاهیمرک #موادآزمایشگاه #موادآزمایشگاهی #موادآزمایشگاهیاصفهان #موادآزمایشگاهیخطرناک #موادآزمایشگاهیدکترمجللی #موادآزمایشگاهیرشت #موادآزمایشگاهیسیگما #موادآزمایشگاهیقیمت #موادآزمایشگاهیکرج #موادآزمایشگاهیمرک #موادشیمیاییآزمایشگاهیسیگما #موادشیمیاییآزمایشگاهیمرک #نمايندگيسيگما #نمايندگيمركآلمان #نمایندگیmerckآلماندرایران #نمایندگیسیگما #نمایندگیسیگماآلدریچ #نمایندگیسیگماآلدریچدراصفهان #نمایندگیسیگماآلدریچدرایران #نمایندگیسیگماآلدریچدرتهران #نمایندگیسیگماتهران #نمایندگیسیگمادرتهران #نمایندگیسیگمادرتهرانگاز #نمایندگیسیگمالنز #نمایندگیشرکتسیگمادرایران #نمایندگیشرکتمرکآلماندرايران #نمایندگیشرکتمرکآلماندرایران #نمایندگیمحصولاتمرکآلمان #نمایندگیمرکآلمان #نمایندگیمرکآلماندراصفهان #نمایندگیمرکآلماندرایران #نمایندگیمرکآلماندرمشهد #نمایندگیموادآزمایشگاهیمرک #نمایندهسیگما #نمایندهمرکآلماندرایران #واردکنندهموادآزمایشگاهیسیگما #آزمایشگاهی #محصولاتسیگما

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the-gspchem-blog · 5 years

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We manufacture Biological Stains and pH Indicators at laboratory scale to serve the local Analytical and Pathological Laboratories in India under the brand GSP.

With a specialty research center and latest Equipment in place, we are continuously investing our resources in the development of Color Changing Compounds.

For more : http://www.gspchem.com/ph-indicators/xylidine-ponceau-2r.html

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huuvinhp · 7 years

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New Post has been published on THIẾT BỊ KHOA HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ

New Post has been published on http://thietbikhoahoccongnghe.com.vn/phenolphthalein.html

Phenolphthalein

Phenolphthalein là một hợp chất hóa học có công thức C20H14O4 và thường được viết bằng chữ “HIn” hoặc “phph” trong ký hiệu viết tắt. Phenolphthalein thường được sử dụng như là một chỉ thị trong việc chuẩn độ axit-bazơ. Đối với ứng dụng này, nó chuyển không màu trong dung dịch acid và các dung dịch cơ bản.

Phenolphthalein hòa tan nhẹ trong nước và thường được hòa tan trong rượu để sử dụng trong các thí nghiệm. Nó là một axit yếu, có thể mất ion H + trong dung dịch. Các phân tử phenolphthalein là không màu, và ion phenolphthalein là màu hồng. Khi một bazơ được thêm vào phenolphthalein, sự cân bằng ion phân tử ⇌ chuyển sang bên phải, dẫn đến ion hóa nhiều hơn như H + ion được loại bỏ. Điều này được dự đoán bởi nguyên tắc của Le Chatelier. Sử dụng Chỉ thị sửa

Việc sử dụng chung của Phenolphthalein là một chỉ thị trong việc chuẩn độ axit-bazơ. Nó cũng là một thành phần của chỉ thị phổ quát, cùng với methyl đỏ, bromothymol xanh, và thymol xanh.

Phenolphthalein thông qua bốn trạng thái khác nhau trong dung dịch nước: Dưới điều kiện axit rất mạnh, nó tồn tại ở dạng proton, tạo màu cam. Giữa các điều kiện cơ bản mạnh và nhẹ, dạng lactone không màu. Mẫu phenolate deprotonated đơn (dạng anion của phenol) cho màu hồng quen thuộc. Trong các giải pháp cơ bản, màu hồng của phenolphthalein trải qua phản ứng giảm dần và trở nên không màu hoàn toàn trên 13,0 độ pH. Phản ứng chậm dần dần tạo ra ion (OH) 3 không màu Trong đôi khi được sử dụng trong các lớp học để nghiên cứu động học phản ứng.

Species H3In+ H2In In2− In(OH)3− Structure Model pH <0 0−8.2 8.2−12.0 >13.0 Conditions strongly acidic acidic or near-neutral basic strongly basic Color orange colorless pink to fuchsia colorless Image

An animation of the pH dependent reaction mechanism: H3In+ → H2In → In2− → In(OH)3−

Độ nhạy pH của Phenolphthalein được khai thác trong các ứng dụng khác: Bê tông có pH tự nhiên cao do canxi hydroxit hình thành khi xi măng Portland phản ứng với nước. Khi bê tông phản ứng với CO2 trong khí quyển, pH sẽ giảm xuống còn 8,5-9. Khi một dung dịch phenolphthalein 1% được áp dụng cho bê tông thông thường, nó sẽ chuyển thành màu hồng sáng. Tuy nhiên, nếu nó không màu, nó cho thấy rằng bê tông đã trải qua cacbon hóa. Trong một ứng dụng tương tự, spackling được sử dụng để sửa chữa các lỗ trong vách thạch cao chứa phenolphthalein. Khi được áp dụng, vật liệu tráng cơ bản vẫn giữ được màu hồng; khi vết xước đã được xử lý bằng phản ứng với carbon dioxide trong khí quyển, màu hồng sẽ biến mất

Phenolphthalein được sử dụng trong đồ chơi, ví dụ như một thành phần của thuốc biến mất, hoặc thuốc nhuộm biến mất trên tóc Hair Barbie của Hollywood. Trong mực in, nó được trộn với natri hydroxyd, phản ứng với carbon dioxide trong không khí. Phản ứng này dẫn đến độ pH giảm xuống dưới ngưỡng thay đổi màu vì các ion hydro được giải phóng bởi phản ứng:

OH- (aq) + CO2 (g) → CO2-3 (aq) + H + (aq) Để phát triển kiểu tóc và các mô hình đồ hoạ “kỳ diệu”, mực in phun dung dịch hydroxit, dẫn đến sự xuất hiện của đồ hoạ ẩn cùng một cơ chế được mô tả ở trên để thay đổi màu trong dung dịch kiềm. Các mô hình cuối cùng sẽ biến mất một lần nữa vì phản ứng với carbon dioxide. Thymolphthalein được sử dụng cho cùng mục đích và theo cách tương tự, khi màu xanh là mong muốn

Sử dụng y tế Phenolphthalein đã được sử dụng trong hơn một thế kỷ như thuốc nhuận tràng, nhưng hiện nay đang được loại bỏ nhờ thuốc nhuận tràng bán tự do vì những lo ngại về chất gây ung thư Thymolphthalein là thuốc nhuận tràng có liên quan được làm từ thymol. Xem Phenolsulfonphthalein cũng có.

Mặc dù có những mối quan ngại về khả năng gây ung thư, việc sử dụng phenolphthalein làm thuốc nhuận tràng có thể không gây ra ung thư buồng trứng. Phenolphthalein đã được tìm thấy để ức chế sự xâm nhập canxi của tế bào ở người qua lối vào canxi hoạt động ở cửa tiệm (SOCE, xem Kênh hoạt hóa canxi § Cấu trúc). Điều này được thực hiện bởi thuốc ức chế thrombin và thapsigargin, hai chất kích hoạt của SOCE làm tăng canxi nội bào miễn dịch

Một dạng thuốc giảm phenolphthalein, phenolphthalin, không màu, được sử dụng trong một bài kiểm tra để xác định chất có chứa máu, thường được gọi là bài kiểm tra Kastle-Meyer. Một mẫu khô được thu thập bằng giấy thấm hoặc giấy lọc. Một vài giọt rượu, sau đó một vài giọt phenolphthalin, và cuối cùng một vài giọt hydrogen peroxide được giọt vào mẫu. Nếu mẫu có chứa hemoglobin, nó sẽ trở thành màu hồng ngay lập tức khi bổ sung peroxit, vì thế hệ phenolphthalein. Một xét nghiệm dương tính cho biết mẫu có chứa hemoglobin, và do đó, có khả năng là máu. Một dương tính giả có thể là kết quả của sự có mặt của các chất có hoạt tính xúc tác tương tự như heme. Thử nghiệm này không phá hủy mẫu; nó có thể được giữ và sử dụng trong các bài kiểm tra thêm. Thử nghiệm này có cùng phản ứng với máu từ bất kỳ động vật nào, vì vậy cần phải kiểm tra thêm để xác định xem nó có nguồn gốc từ con người hay không.

Tổng hợp Phenolphthalein có thể được tổng hợp bằng cách ngưng tụ anhydrit phthalic với hai chất tương đương phenol trong điều kiện axit (do đó tên). Nó được phát hiện năm 1871 bởi Adolf von Baeye

#Featured #Khoa học công nghệ

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hoachat-thachan · 7 years

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Hóa chất Barium hydroxide Thạch An bạn có biết không

Khái quát về Barium hydroxide

Barium hydroxide hay còn gọi là bari hydroxit là hợp chất hóa học có công thức phân tử là Ba(OH)2. Nó có dạng bột white color là trong số những hợp chất chính của Bari. Ba(OH)2có số CAS: 17194-00-2 ( khan ) 22326-55-2 (monohydrate) 12230-71-6 (octahydrat)

xem thêm :

potassium hydroxide koh thachan.com

Bari hydroxit rất có thể được điều chế bằng phương pháp hòa tan barium oxide (BaO) trong nước :

BaO + 9 H 2 O → Ba (OH) 2 + 8H 2 O

Nó kết tinh như octahydrate, biến đổi thành monohydrate khi sưởi ấm trong không khí . Ở 100 ° C trong chân không, monohydrat sẽ tạo ra BaO và nước. Mỗi ion Ba 2+ bị ràng buộc bởi hai phân tử nước & sáu hợp chất hydroxit. Bari hydroxit tinh khiết phân hủy thành bari ôxít khi nung nóng đến 800 ° C. Phản ứng với carbon dioxide đưa về cho bari cacbonat . Dung dịch nước của nó , có tính kiềm cao, chịu được phản ứng trung hòa với axit. Do đó, nó phân thành bari sulfat & bari phosphate với axit sulfuric & phosphoric tương ứng. Phản ứng với hydrogen sulfide tạo nên barium sulfide . Sự ngọt ngào nhiều muối bari không hòa tan, hoặc ít tan hơn, rất có thể là tác dụng của phản ứng sửa chữa kép khi dung dịch nước của bari hydroxit được trộn với nhiều dung dịch của các muối kim loại khác. tìm hiểu : axit hno3 thachan.com Phản ứng của bari hydroxit với muối amoni rất nóng . Phản ứng của bari hydroxit octahydrat với clorua amoni hoặc amoniium thiocyanate thường đc sử dụng như là 1 trong cuộc trình bày hóa học lớp học, tạo ra nhiệt độ đủ lạnh để đóng băng nước & đủ nước để hòa tan công dụng Hỗn hợp.

Ứng dụng của Barrium hydroxit

Barihydroxit chủ yếu đc sử dụng làm chất phụ gia cho dầu bôi trơn của động cơ đốt trong hay là loại phụ gia superfinished đa mục đích cho mỡ bari dựa trên dầu. Barium hydroxide cũng hoàn toàn có thể được sử dụng để sản xuất đường củ cải and y học. Ba(OH)2 là nguyên liệu nhựa và tơ nhân tạo, hoàn toàn có thể được sử dụng như nhựa ổn định PVC.

Ba(OH)2 cân xứng cho tổng hợp hữu cơ and chế tạo muối bari khác, khử khoáng của ngành công nghiệp nước, thủy tinh và men sứ.

Về mặt hoá chất công nghiệp, bari hydroxit đc sử dụng làm tiền thân cho các hợp chất bari khác.Monohydrate đc sử dụng để khử nước & đào thải sulfat từ các sản phẩm khác biệt . Ứng dụng này khai quật độ hòa tan cực thấp của bari sulfat and nó cũng khá được áp dụng cho phòng thí nghiệm. của nhà thí nghiệm Bari hydroxit được sử dụng trong hóa học nghiên cứu để chuẩn độ axit yếu , nhất là axit hữu cơ . Dung dịch nước trong của chính nó được bảo đảm an toàn không tồn tại cacbonat, không giống những dung dịch natri hydroxit và kali hydroxit , vì bari cacbonat không hòa tan trong nước . điều đó chất nhận được sử dụng những chỉ số như phenolphthalein hoặc thymolphthalein (với sự đổi khác màu alkaline) mà không tồn tại nguy cơ tiềm ẩn những lỗi chuẩn chỉnh độ do sự hiện diện của các ion cacbonat. Bạn có biết: kali carbonate thachan.com Nó đã được sử dụng để thủy phân một trong các hai nhóm este tương ứng trong dimetyl hendecanedioat. Bari hydroxit cũng rất được sử dụng trong công việc khử cacboxyl hóa những axit amin phóng thích bari cacbonat trong quá trình này. Nó cũng khá được sử dụng trong những công việc chuẩn bị cyclopentanone , cetyl alcohol and D- Gulonic γ-lactone .

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giveuselife-blog · 7 years

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How to Make Spy Gadgets and Spy Cell Phones

New Post has been published on https://giveuselife.org/how-to-make-spy-gadgets-and-spy-cell-phones/

How to Make Spy Gadgets and Spy Cell Phones

I have always been fascinated with the flashy gadgets flaunted by heroes of action movies. It often made me think how would it feel if those gadgets were for real. Well, unfortunately, or fortunately, not all of these gadgets are real. A few of these gadgets are available in the market, while there are a few that can be made at home as well.

How to Make Spy Gadgets For Kids

More than adults, I think kids love spy gear the most. Making these few gadgets at home will not only be fun for your kids but then will also ensure some quality time with your kids. It is easy to make them and will be most liked by your kid, as kids like things made by themselves.

Disappearing Ink

If you want to send your friend a secret message and don’t want anyone to read it, then writing it with invisible ink will do the trick. Well, the ink itself is not invisible, but after writing with it, it becomes invisible. To make disappearing ink you will need few chemicals. First, you will need to put 1/10g of thymolphthalein in 2 tbsp of rubbing alcohol. Then, add approx 90 ml of water to it and stir. Once you get a little thick solution add approx. 20 drops of sodium hydroxide. Once you’ve done this the solution will turn dark blue. Your disappearing ink ready! To test your solution take a cotton fabric and write anything on it with your disappearing ink. After some time, you will see that the ink has disappeared. To read the message again, dab with ammonia over the message and it will reappear. Writing on paper takes more time for the ink to disappear than writing on fabric. Secret Agents Lipstick Note Holder

For this, you will need lipstick (best if it is empty) and paper. You need to cut the paper to a rectangle 10 inches long and 1-inch wide. Write your secret message on it and coil it. Insert it into the lipstick and you can now smuggle your ordinary looking lipstick with the secret message.

Keyhole Spying Equipment

This one would be liked the most by little detective spies when looking from the door keyhole is not enough. To make your own spying keyhole you will need thick paper, a very clear marble, and sticky tape. First, place the marble on the paper and roll the paper to make a tube out of it. Stick the paper with a sticky tape so that the marble inside it doesn’t fall out easily. Try to place the marble in the center. And here is your spying keyhole is ready. It is really important to use a marble as clear as possible, to get a better view. Also, because of the way light is reflected through marble you may get an inverted image when you see through it.

Remote Control Walkie-Talkie

This can be the easiest of all. For this, you will need a walkie-talkie, a remote control car, and glue or sticky tape. For better range, use a good pair of walkie-talkies. What you need to do is stick your walkie-talkie to a remote control car. Make sure that your remote control car can take the weight of the walkie-talkie and maneuver effortlessly. To hide the walkie-talkie, make a design out of paper to hide it. Let the walkie-talkie remote control cargo to rooms where you want to spy and you can listen to the conversation with the other set of walkie-talkie you’ve got.

Spy Hidden Camera

Spy cameras are interesting devices. To make your own hidden surveillance camera, you will need an empty tissue box or any other disguised box, a digital camera, and a knife or scissor. Cut the side of the box so the lens of the camera fits in it and full images are captured. Place the digital camera in it with the lens of the camera just in front of the hole you made and make sure that it cannot be seen. You can cover it with some tissues to hide it. When you want to spy on somebody, just keep the camera in a recording mode, and get your evidence.

Spy gadgets like the ones described above are easy to make, and also help you spend quality time with your children. However, ensure that along with teaching them how to make these gadgets, you have to also teach them to use them appropriately.

Spy Listening Devices

Listening devices are one of the most important devices used for spying. The following article provides information about the various spying devices that are available in the market.

Listening to a conversation is one of the best ways to gather information. Overhearing a verbal exchange between two people can reveal a lot of important details that can be useful. There are various reasons for spying, like to gather information about a cheating spouse, help in a criminal case, and it can also be fun to spy on friends and play pranks on them.

Most of the spy gadgets and gizmos showed in the action movies are fictitious. There may be very few of them which are actually real. But, using the right kind of device will not only help you bother sensitive information but also keep you undetected. The following are some of the common listening devices, that can not only be used by professional investigators, but also by anyone with a purpose.

Cell phone Listening Devices

Cell phones are a necessity today, and almost everyone carries one. Hence, it has become very easy to spy using this device. Now, these cell phones come either as a separate equipment or are inbuilt in a cell phone. To use this device the person who is spying will call on an alternate number which connects to a bug inside the cell phone, and once this happens you can easily listen to the person you are spying on.

Phone Bugs

These are probably the most popular and the best wireless spying devices. You must have seen it in movies, that the agent leaves a small device in the car and follows them to be able to hear the entire conversation. This small device is known as a bug. A bug can look like a lighter, a wristwatch, clock, etc. The best part about this device is that you can not only listen to the conversation but you can also record it at the same time. Thereby, giving you the freedom to store the proof. Few of the advance bugs come with specialized recorders, which records voice only when on phone or while talking. Hence, it does not record all that unwanted silence.

Spy Microphone

Few of the modern spy microphones are much smaller and advanced. Few of these come with super-sensors, which allows them to listen to the minutes of voice vibration with exceptional voice clarity. Apart from this, there are few others which come with instruments that allow you to listen to many yards away.

Spy Watch

This one falls under the category of wearable-spying devices. The best part about it is that it doesn’t look like one. You may also gift it to the person whom you want to spy on and then listen to his/her conversations. These have exceptional voice quality because of the microprocessors, which fit into the device, and are long-lasting.

Parabolic Ear Listening Device

It comes in different varieties and shapes and is one of the most used devices. The sound clarity is noteworthy within permissible limits. The device works in a simple way, you just need to point it in the direction where your suspect is and listen. A few of the devices will let you listen clearly from a distance of few yards to hundreds of meters. There are few devices which allow you to listen sharply from as far as 600 meters.

Apart from this, there are many other products available out there depending upon your purpose. If you’re a professional, then you may get professional devices, otherwise, you may indulge in saving a lot by getting a decent and more generic device. So the next time if someone gifts you a watch, make sure that it’s not a listening device.

Information about Spy Cell Phones

What are spy cell phones? What are the different uses of these phones and tracking devices?

Imagine a cell phone secretly watching your behavior. Think of your mobile phone eyeing your actions and recording them in its memory. Sounds impossible? I am afraid, it isn’t. In fact, cell phones can be used to track user behavior and record conversations and text messages that are exchanged through them.

A spy phone is a mobile phone or a spy device that allows a user to monitor and hear or record conversations and other activities taking place over the phone. Spy phones can function in different ways. They can be used as listening devices whereby secretive conversations can be tracked. They are popularly used by secret agencies to track criminal activities that are carried out over cellular networks. They can be used for tracking periodic calls and recording the frequency of calls from certain suspicious numbers. Spy phones can be used for monitoring business and household activities while the cell phone user is away.

Previously, simple wiretapping techniques were used to spy telephonic conversations. Secret agencies and security authorities commonly used phone tapping as a tool to track the suspects’ behavior. It would enable the security officials to listen to the telephonic conversations taking place over phones they tapped. However, with the advancements in technology, spying became easier.

Today, an installable software can be used to record cell phone calls and messages. Also, there is cell phone spying systems, wherein a spy is automatically alerted when the cell phone user dials a certain number. There are certain software applications, which can be loaded onto the cell phones and be used for maintaining call logs, recording text messages and monitoring Internet activity over the mobile phone. Some of these applications also let a user call the target cell phone number from a preset number and track the target user’s activities. ‘Phone Dead’ is a relatively recent technology that enables a cell phone to be used as a spy phone even when switched off. In this case, the spy cell phone is configured to function in a ghost mode, whereby it silently answers the calls it receives.

With the implementation of modern spying techniques, cell phones can be converted into call and text message interceptors or GSM trackers, thus making them function as spy cell phones. Besides tracking messages and conversations, spy cell phones can also alert third-party users of the target phone’s outgoing calls. Spy phones can also be used to track the target user’s location by means of GPS technologies. They can be programmed to record audio or video for a predetermined period of time.

Spy cell phones give rise to legal as well as ethical concerns. Their positive side is that they can be used by parents to monitor the behavior of their children. Also, they can be used by business officials to track workplace activity. The most important application of spy cell phones is in tracking criminal activities. But there is another side to this and it is not positive. Yes, spy cell phone software is easily available. Cell phones are easily convertible to spy phones. Their ready availability makes them subject to illegitimate use. Malicious cell phone users can gain an unauthorized access to other users’ mobile phones and dampen the overall security of cellular networks.

Perhaps, it is ironic that the technology that helps you stay connected to the world can also provide any individual with an unwarranted access to your life.

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midseo · 4 months

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