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Logistics Management - Australian Research and Space Exploration

Executive Summary

In recent times, the space travel and affiliated research is slowly gaining increased focus and interest among investors, general public, etc. Even private companies like SpaceX owned by Elon Musk and Richard Branson’s Space Galactic are working with respect to the same. In this context, space travel and space exploration continue to have significance and could be an advanced and active industry soon. In this background, as in any real-world industry, space travel and exploration too needs strong, effective and continually evolving logistics management and capabilities for sustained success. The objective of this research shall be to determine suitable logistics management framework for undertaking space travel and exploration in an effective and efficient manner, and, the research questions include - what are the significant and relevant factors for logistics management, capabilities and resources in the context of space exploration, space travel and affiliated research, and, what can be the integrated framework to design, employ and manage logistics in an effective, robust and continually evolving manner for successful outcomes. The research was undertaken by a combination of qualitative exploratory approach using secondary data collected from the literature review and the qualitative analysis of the same, and, survey study amongst industry participants for collecting primary data pertaining to the research domain and undertaking suitable qualitative analysis. The findings, analysis, recommendations and proposals are presented in this report.

Introduction

Problems / Opportunities

For the purposes of ensuring that the space travel and exploration programs to be affordable, effective, efficient as well as sustainable, it shall be essential for considering cost efficiency, outcome effectiveness as well as overall support. Over the past, costs of the operations had been noted in being critical element with respect to the affordability of programs. Shuttle related operations costs can be significantly higher as has been envisioned originally on account of the changes with respect to architecture of operations concerning the space travels. In this context, effective management of the operations becomes a key concern and logistics offers a way to ensure the same.

Purpose & Research Questions

While at one end, space travel and exploration can be considered as an extension of air travel, it will be simplistic to consider so. Hence, the objective of this research shall be to determine suitable logistics management framework for undertaking space travel and exploration in an effective and efficient manner. The research questions include [i] what are the significant and relevant factors for logistics management, capabilities and resources in the context of space exploration, space travel and affiliated research, and, [ii] What can be the integrated framework to design, employ and manage logistics in an effective, robust and continually evolving manner for successful outcomes.

Assumptions & Limitations

The focus of this study is determining the broader framework of logistics applicable to space travel / exploration that is effective. The further advancements and specific issues related solutions shall not be the focus of this study. The study is undertaken using the qualitative data from secondary as well as primary sources. The lack of quantitative rigor can be considered as limitation and beyond the scope of this study.

Literature Review

The review of literature will be undertaken in the following set of categories – [i] theoretical and conceptual elements of logistics and logistics management, [ii] Fundamental factors governing space travel, exploration and research, and [iii] application of logistics management to space travel, exploration and research.

Theoretical & Conceptual Elements of Logistics & Logistics Management

In the current business environment, that is characterized by increased levels of competition in the international marketplace, stronger pressure is laid over organizations for finding newer ways in creating value as well as deliver the same to the respective customers (Ab Talib & Abdul Hamid, 2014; Fernie & Sparks, 2014; Mangla et al., 2018). The increasing trend with respect to the needs for overall industry in competing with their respective products across the global markets, across service, quality and the cost dimensions, have led to the increasing urgency for developing the logistic systems which shall be highly efficient as compared to those employed conventionally (Ab Talib & Abdul Hamid, 2014; Fernie & Sparks, 2014; Mangla et al., 2018). Hence, over the past few decades, logistics as a domain has transformed from that of the operational function to more corporate level function (Ab Talib & Abdul Hamid, 2014; Fernie & Sparks, 2014; Mangla et al., 2018). There seems to be increasing amount of recognition over effective forms of logistics management all through the business firms as well as the understanding that supply chain could vastly aid in the overall objectives concerning reduction of costs as well as enhancement of service quality (Ab Talib & Abdul Hamid, 2014; Fernie & Sparks, 2014; Mangla et al., 2018).

The crux for success with respect to logistics management necessitates increased levels of emphasis over the integration concerning activities, co-ordination, co-operation, as well as sharing of information all through the overall network of supply chain, starting from suppliers until the customers (Ab Talib & Abdul Hamid, 2014; Fernie & Sparks, 2014; Mangla et al., 2018). For purpose of developing abilities for responding towards the challenges of this integration, businesses in the current environment shall be required to establish sophisticated forms of decision support systems on the basis of robust quantitative models as well as other approaches to the solution, combined with the advances across the domains of information technologies and other communication technologies (Ab Talib & Abdul Hamid, 2014; Fernie & Sparks, 2014; Mangla et al., 2018). Without any doubt the various quantitative models as well as computer-based applications with respect to decision making hold critical role within the current day business environment (Ab Talib & Abdul Hamid, 2014; Fernie & Sparks, 2014; Mangla et al., 2018). The same is specifically true within the domains of logistics management that is rapidly growing. The logistics systems that are computer based could lead to significant impacts over the process of decision making within the organizations (Ab Talib & Abdul Hamid, 2014; Fernie & Sparks, 2014; Mangla et al., 2018). The same forms the reasons over why academic domains as well as industry alike are becoming interested increasingly to employ logistics management as well as affiliated systems for decision support to be the means for responding towards the various issues as well as problems that are posed on account changes within the area (Ab Talib & Abdul Hamid, 2014; Fernie & Sparks, 2014; Mangla et al., 2018).

In essence, logistics represents the element of the process for supply chain which shall plan, suitably implement, as well as control the effective and efficient flow as well as the storage concerning services, goods, as well as affiliated information starting from points of origin towards the points of end consumption for the purposes of meeting the requirements of customers (Grant et al., 2017; Qu et al., 2016; Agrawal et al., 2015). There seems to be no clear consensus, however, within the various available literatures over single definition concerning logistics management (Grant et al., 2017; Qu et al., 2016; Agrawal et al., 2015). In summary, management of supply chain can be stated as the range of approaches that are employed for efficient integration of the suppliers manufactures, stores as well as warehouses, such that the relevant merchandise can be produced / manufactured as well as distributed in right amounts, across the appropriate locations, as well as in right instance, for the purpose of minimizing the system level costs whilst at the same time satisfying requirements at the service level (Grant et al., 2017; Qu et al., 2016; Agrawal et al., 2015).

The logistics co-ordination as well as integration within the context of supply chain represents the issue of significance with respect to logistics management and not solely with respect to integration in terms of specific organization but the upstream integration amongst the suppliers as well as the downstream integration amongst distributors as well as customers (Halldórsson et al., 2015; Hofmann & Rüsch, 2017; Fernie & Sparks, 2014). The integration as well as co-ordination shall mean varied set of things and yet shall essentially many of the literature consider the same to be collaborative form of working as well as imply a joint level planning, joint level product development, information mutual exchanged as well as integrated form of information systems and the cross co-ordination across various levels within the concerned companies over the relevant network, longer term co-operation, fair form of sharing concerning risks, benefits, and various other aspects (Halldórsson et al., 2015; Hofmann & Rüsch, 2017; Fernie & Sparks, 2014). One amongst the important advantage concerning the integrated form of supply chain concerns the reduction with respect to bullwhip-effect wherein smaller decisions / changes, at one of the level concerning the relevant network, could lead to larger fluctuations, larger levels of stock, and / or the increases in the lead times over different levels of concerned supply chain (Halldórsson et al., 2015; Hofmann & Rüsch, 2017; Fernie & Sparks, 2014). As process becomes increasingly integrated within the supply chain, overall complexity relating to decisions concerning also increases (Halldórsson et al., 2015; Hofmann & Rüsch, 2017; Fernie & Sparks, 2014).

There seems to be two key aspects related with respect to the integration concerning logistic decisions (Halldórsson et al., 2015; Hofmann & Rüsch, 2017; Fernie & Sparks, 2014). The initial ones amongst then refer to information systems (Halldórsson et al., 2015; Hofmann & Rüsch, 2017; Fernie & Sparks, 2014). In the absence of information systems amongst the various players, there could never be any translation or else of information sharing and the same represents core basis with respect to any of the possible integration amongst the firms or departments (Halldórsson et al., 2015; Hofmann & Rüsch, 2017; Fernie & Sparks, 2014). In light of the today’s technologies, integration concerning information systems shall be possible as well as have been suitably implemented from many of the firms (Halldórsson et al., 2015; Hofmann & Rüsch, 2017; Fernie & Sparks, 2014). The other aspect concerns the utilization of the optimization systems for attaining the integrated form of management concerning the logistics related activities (Halldórsson et al., 2015; Hofmann & Rüsch, 2017; Fernie & Sparks, 2014). An increasing number of industries decide in integrating their respective information systems leading the requirements with respect to sophisticated tools for aiding the concerned decision makers in evaluating the possible alternates, decisions and their impacts on overall supply chain in addition increases (Halldórsson et al., 2015; Hofmann & Rüsch, 2017; Fernie & Sparks, 2014).

Fundamental Factors Governing Space Travel, Exploration and Research

Logistics in the context of space travel, exploration as well as research could mean varied set of things for varied people. In general, the same could be stated in a broader manner as that if movement, suitable storage, as well as the tracking concerning all of the crew as well as equipment that are essential for undertaking the mission / campaign with respect to space exploration or research (Galliott, 2016; Timmons et al., 2018; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018). In the context of th same, logistics shall encompass pretty much all of the aspects concerning the operations of space flight for example the space flights representing the movement concerning crew as well as cargo, yet not including the comprehensive design concerning vehicles as well as equipment (Galliott, 2016; Timmons et al., 2018; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018). In different terms, it can be considered that with respect to logistics context, characteristics of the vehicle as well as equipment items available shall be considered to be given. The designs of vehicle could as well as should be suitably subjected towards trade related studies, evaluation of the suitability to the relative extent over logistic (Galliott, 2016; Timmons et al., 2018; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018) s. The logistics in the context of space exploration and research at a specific level shall refer to operations architecture concerning transportation as well as storage pertaining to cargo and the crew (Galliott, 2016; Timmons et al., 2018; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018).

The management of supply chain within the contexts of military as well as commercial enterprises have proven in being highly successful over the recent times, thereby enabling significant reductions in cost as well as increases with respect to efficiency (Galliott, 2016; Timmons et al., 2018; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018). In general, these various gains are essentially achieved in the simultaneous manner by way of reducing the costs of shipping, reducing the holding costs of inventory whilst increasing the quality of service levels (Galliott, 2016; Timmons et al., 2018; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018). The same could be termed as being terrestrial form of logistics and the supply chain management representing the methods of supply chain that are developed with respect to commercial / domains sectors (Galliott, 2016; Timmons et al., 2018; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018). This terrestrial related logistics and the supply chain management domain can be stated to be highly advanced field and the affiliated methods / approaches with respect to efficient form of supply chain management to be proven in being highly effective in terms of business case, enabling enterprises with suitable competitive advantages (Galliott, 2016; Timmons et al., 2018; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018). The suitable information availed from the said domain could be applied with respect to the issues concerning space exploration for the purposes of developing suitable logistics management framework for space explorations and travel (Galliott, 2016; Timmons et al., 2018; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018).

In this context, the three of the important concepts which have led to enabling of various set of advances in the recent times which could be suitably applied across space exploration / travel include the following – [i] A standpoint that spans the overall network instead of it being specific to the location or in different terms, the replacement of local decisions by global optimization (SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018; Kruger et al., 2018), [ii] The overall ability for managing risks in an effective manner by way of push-pull as well as risk pooling (SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018; Kruger et al., 2018), and, [iii] lean design, that is, strategies at the level of the system as well as product which shall take in consideration cost drivers pertaining to the life cycle (SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018; Kruger et al., 2018).

Application of Logistics Management to Space Travel, Exploration and Research

The programs of space exploration in the past can be noted to having pursued varied modes of the logistics frameworks (Boggs & Foley, 2018; Mesmer-Magnus et al., 2016; Lopez et al., 2015). In the context of Apollo program undertaken in United States, six of the missions to lunar surface was pursued between the years 1969 till 1972 (Boggs & Foley, 2018; Mesmer-Magnus et al., 2016; Lopez et al., 2015). Each of these missions were noted in being self-contained and in other words, none of the logistics network for space was available for supporting these missions (Boggs & Foley, 2018; Mesmer-Magnus et al., 2016; Lopez et al., 2015). Instead, all of the required supplies had been carried along with astronauts towards their respective destinations. The forecasts undertaken essentially predicted overall quantity as well as the modes of supplies which shall be required over lunar surface for purposes of supporting shorter term lunar missions (Boggs & Foley, 2018; Mesmer-Magnus et al., 2016; Lopez et al., 2015). The said strategy for logistics could stated as backpack framework or else carry along on account of the literal resemblance with hikers who carry all of the equipment on backpacks as well as consuming / discarding on their way (Boggs & Foley, 2018; Mesmer-Magnus et al., 2016; Lopez et al., 2015). The said mode of strategy can be clearly seen as practical as well as an optimal approach for the shorter term space missions akin to Apollo program (Boggs & Foley, 2018; Mesmer-Magnus et al., 2016; Lopez et al., 2015).

In the other end, on case of space programs concerning International Space Station (“ISS”), this logistics strategy of backpack model shall be highly impractical on account of longer duration pertaining to the mission, that is, supplies spanning many years in operations can never be stored at the space station (Aldrin & David, 2015; Bærenholdt & Simonsen, 2017; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018). Rather the logistics strategy employed by ISS shall be one that involves regular re-supply flights using various different vehicles, inclusive of the American Space Shuttle as well as the Russian Progress & Soyuz vehicles (Aldrin & David, 2015; Bærenholdt & Simonsen, 2017; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018). The various types and amount of the supplies which are in general shipped on the basis of actual / real demands generated at space station, instead of the forecasts estimating the overall supply requirements (Aldrin & David, 2015; Bærenholdt & Simonsen, 2017; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018).

The said strategy could be stated as scheduled re-supply and this strategy can be stated to be employed by individuals in real world context who shall replenish the pantries from grocery stores in a periodical manner (Aldrin & David, 2015; Bærenholdt & Simonsen, 2017; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018). The said mode of the strategy can be stated in being suitable for the longer term missions that are located relatively closer to the source of re-supply. It has to be noted herein that with respect to ISS, schedule of the re-supply can be stated to be fixed more or less, whilst the specific manifest concerning what shall be re-supplied will not be fixed (Aldrin & David, 2015; Bærenholdt & Simonsen, 2017; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018).

The Figure 1 depicted below illustrates the basic level networks that lie underneath each of the frameworks of logistics, as well as in addition encompasses the developing network which shall be required for supporting the future programs for space exploration as well as space travels (Aldrin & David, 2015; Bærenholdt & Simonsen, 2017; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018).

The simpler form of logistics strategies relatively functioned in an effective manner with respect to two of the major space programs which had been operated till date – Apollo and ISS, yet the network of the future period seem to be highly complex (Aldrin & David, 2015; Bærenholdt & Simonsen, 2017; SpaceX, 2018; NASA, 2018). The exploration and the evaluation of designing the highly optimal framework shall be of prime significance of this study.

Methodology

Research Design & Methods

The research methods employed for the study encompassed the [i] qualitative exploratory approach using secondary data collected from the literature review and the qualitative analysis of the same, and, [ii] survey study amongst industry participants for collecting primary data pertaining to the research domain and undertaking suitable qualitative analysis.The qualitative exploratory approach used secondary data collected from the literature review and offers key insights and information concerning theoretical and conceptual elements of logistics and logistics management, and, fundamental factors governing space travel, exploration and research. The qualitative analysis of the same aids in identifying, evaluating and assessing all of the significant and relevant factors for logistics management, capabilities and resources in the context of space exploration, space travel and affiliated research.The survey study amongst industry participants was used to collect primary data pertaining to application of logistics management to space travel, exploration and research. The qualitative analysis aids in designing, developing and proposing an integrated framework to design, employ and manage logistics in an effective, robust and continually evolving manner for successful outcomes.

Survey Study Sampling

The industry participants, that is, professionals and experts in the domain of logistics were approached by way of emails with respect to this survey. The random sampling approach was adopted and the survey emailed to numerous professionals and experts and the response for the study was capped at 25 minimum responses.

Survey Questionnaire

With respect to the survey study, the questionnaire employed includes the following -

Is logistics a domain that is pertinent and important in the context of space exploration / travel [1 is low relevance and 5 is high relevance] [i] 1 [ii] 2 [iii] 3 [iv] 4 [v] 5

Please state the relevance of logistics framework used by Apollo space program for current and future space explorations / travels [1 is low relevance and 5 is high relevance] [i] 1 [ii] 2 [iii] 3 [iv] 4 [v] 5

Please state the relevance of logistics framework used by ISS for current and future space explorations / travels [1 is low relevance and 5 is high relevance] [i] 1 [ii] 2 [iii] 3 [iv] 4 [v] 5

Do you agree that new framework / models need to be designed and developed for future Australian space exploration programs [1 is low relevance and 5 is high relevance] [i] 1 [ii] 2 [iii] 3 [iv] 4 [v] 5

Will a logistics framework have significance with respect to space exploration / travel cost efficiency [1 is low relevance and 5 is high relevance] [i] 1 [ii] 2 [iii] 3 [iv] 4 [v] 5

Will a logistics framework have significance with respect to space exploration / travel program outcome success / effectiveness [1 is low relevance and 5 is high relevance] [i] 1 [ii] 2 [iii] 3 [iv] 4 [v] 5

Overall, can existing theoretical frameworks and real world logistics practices have relevance to space travel [1 is low relevance and 5 is high relevance] [i] 1 [ii] 2 [iii] 3 [iv] 4 [v] 5

Ethical Aspects

In essence, this study has been undertaken in an ethical manner, without any plagiarism and in compliance with all applicable University guidelines in this context. The survey study was undertaken in an ethical manner with prior consent and with explanation of the survey purpose amongst the participants. All personal and other sensitive information of the participants shall be maintained in a confidential manner.

Findings & Discussion

The secondary data collected by way of the exploratory study are collated and presented already under the literature review section.

Discussion & Proposal of Framework

One amongst the critical challenges concerning overall development pertaining to the framework of space logistics lies in the definition of the components of the framework. The logistics concerning space exploration / travel have not been extensively researched and hence overall scope concerning framework of this nature needs suitable definition. At the outset, logistics defines overall movement concerning the crew, cargo, as well as vehicles starting from one location to other usually from that of Earth to say Moon, other planets, etc. There seems to be multiple dimensions, however, for this issue. To take an example, say like moving the cargo from low Earth orbit (“LEO”) to that of low Lunar orbit (“LLO”) necessitates the highly different form of transport vehicle to that of landing over lunar surface. In addition, launch needs a vehicle that is distinctly different. Further, cargo shipments could be accomplished over various different modes of subtle nature like pre- positioning, carry along, as well as staging warehouses representing all of the variations over the strategy of shipment. These various distinctions as well as more needs to be suitably accounted within the framework being developed. The optimal forms of shipment strategies rely over the type as well as the amount of cargo required in being shipped. In the context of cargo, its quantity, the source as well as destination, and the alternatives of transportation, the same shall be straightforward to relative extent even though not easier in case of space travel for determining the effective form of shipment strategy. The specific destinations as well as quantity concerning cargo, however, are at present unknown even with respect to the Human Lunar & Mars exploration (“HLE / HME”) missions of NASA. Hence, any of the logistics related modelling framework needs to encompass the framework for demand concerning each of the mission scenarios. Cargo of varied forms could in addition need varied set of handling, such that demand needs to be suitably understood in the levels of the supply class, that is, representing general category pertaining to supply like that of spares, food, or else, science equipment.

For the purposes of keeping track of demand levels across the various locations as well as to allocate shipments for filling them, the suitable information architecture needs to be appropriately designed. The information architecture represents the major form of challenge / concern even within terrestrial logistics in current times, as newer technologies like that of radio frequency identification (“RFID”) come in consideration. All of these various options need to be taken in account for purposes of designing the relational database which shall track demand as well as shipments concerning cargo amongst the supply class. Lastly, it shall be required to model the overall scenario of logistics from one end to end with respect to overall series of various missions. The same shall necessitate the capability of simulation that shall each of the components discussed earlier as one cohesive model. In case simulation is made available, suitable studies could be undertaken for purposes of comparing the impacts concerning various strategies relating to logistics. Further additionally, the components of optimization need to be added for purposes of identifying effective strategies with respect to each of the mission scenarios. In summary, the various key elements with respect to effective form of logistics within the context of space travel / exploration shall include – [i] movement / shipment concerning crew, cargo, as well as vehicles, [ii] demand using supply class, [iii] Information architecture, [iv] simulation, and, [v] optimization.

The building blocks of the framework designed encompass nodes, supplies and elements. Nodes represent the spatial locations within solar system. In contrast to how this term is employed, a node being present does not essentially mean that that facility shall exist in a location or else such node shall ever be visited / used. The node can represent the way to represent the locations over space. The three different nodes include the surface nodes, orbital nodes, and, the lagrangian nodes. It has to be reiterated that the labelling of the location to be node do not mean in an essential manner that permanent facility shall exist in the said location. instead, the shall mean certain part of relevant logistics architecture with respect to the space mission shall make utilization of the said location to be waiting / transit point. To take an example, in case spacecraft gets launched from say KSC, an Earth based node towards LEO, later propelled towards lunar equatorial orbit, the same has passed by way of one of the surface nodes as well as two of the orbital nodes. These nomenclatures that are developed with respect to nodes enables one in building up the potential set of transportation network as well as consequently in formalizing the description concerning the logistics architectures. Supplies refer to items which shall move all through network, starting from one node towards other. In generally, the supplies need to encompass all of the items which shall be required in planetary base, or else, at the time of journeys to as well as from base. The examples in this context encompass consumables, surface vehicles, science equipment, as well as spares. For the purposes of tracking as well as for modelling extraordinary levels of variety concerning supplies which could be needed, the same needs to be suitably classified as larger categories. Hence these shall be based over the key functions concerning planetary base, or else tasks which shall be required in being accomplished, like that of habitation, research, transportation, etc. Lastly, the various supply types can be summarized as, [i] propellants & fuels, [ii] provisions for crew, [iii] crew operations, [iv] maintenance & upkeep, [v] stowage & restraint, [vi] exploration & research, [vii] waste & disposal, [viii] habitation & infrastructure, [ix] transportation & carriers, and, [x] all other unclassified supplies.

Elements could be stated as indivisible form of physical objects which shall travel across network as well as at a general level could transport or else hold the supplies. Most of the elements shall be ones what one would generally consider in being vehicles, that is, crew exploration vehicle (“CEV”), stages of propulsion, etc. The other significant items shall encompass the pressurized rovers as well as surface habitats. Elements can be characterized as follows – [i] these could hold various other items of supply, [ii] propulsive or else non-propulsive, [iii] carry the crew or else not carry the crew, [iv] Earth based launch be re-used, re-fueled, suitably disposed of, pre-deployed, and, [v] be docked amongst other various elements for forming the temporary stack. At a general level, the element possesses defined set of capacities with respect to three different items like propellant, cargo, and, crew. These various capacities shall determine which of the supplies could be assigned towards the said element concerned transport, as well as whether if element shall be propulsive. Hence, elements could transport supplies as well as crew amongst the varied nodes concerning the network of transportation.

The framework being proposed can be stated as the time-expanded form of network representing the concept which shall build over the notions concerning static network. In essence creation concerning the static network can be on the basis of nodes akin to LLO, LEO, and KSC. One could consider static network as well as expand the same over time, for accounting the changes over network with time. An example of such time expanded form of network is presented in the Figure 2 below.

This static network shall be built up of three nodes over left handed side in above figure and labelled as KSC, 1, LEO, 1, and LLO, 1. Later one could use the time step t0 as well as expand the three nodes move forward over time, that is, over the time step 2, hence, one shall copy each these static nodes, such that middle column presenting the Figure 2 and labelled as KSC, 2, LEO, 2, and LLO, 2. One could copy the said nodes over to the time step 3, creating right end column. The subsequent step lies in defining the transitions that are allowable and referred as arcs in between these nodes. The same shall at all times be possible for remaining or else wait over the given node all through subsequent time steps. Hence once could define each of these horizontal arcs illustrated by the dashed arrows in the Figure 2 above. Subsequently, one looks at the transitions starting from KSC towards LEO. Vertical arrow from that of KSC, 1 towards LEO, 1 shall be crossed out as it shall be impossible for making the instantaneous form of transition starting from the KSC towards LEO. In the example described, it shall takes from one time steps towards making a transition, such that arrows shall be drawn from that of KSC, 1 towards LEO, 2 as well as KSC, 2 towards LEO, 3. The arcs of reverse nature starting from that of LEO towards KSC are in addition added. Lastly, transition from that of LEO towards LLO shall take much longer, that is, two times of the steps shall be required like that of arcs illustrated in the Figure 2. The same completes overall definition concerning time expanded network presented in the example discussed The arcs can be noticed to be solely defined within forward direction as the same shall be impossible towards traversing backward over time with non-causal paths being forbidden. The overall advantages concerning the proposed network construction shall be that the same makes time to be explicit as well as enables the simulation as well as optimization concerning transportation problems of time varying like that of launching supplies to the space.

In terms of the processes to support the logistics framework proposed that is, the defined time expanded network, the three key processes required shall encompass the following – [i] Waiting, that is, remaining at same node, [ii] Transporting, that is, moving to new node over the arc allowable, and, [iii] Transferring, that is, transfer crew and / or the supplies towards different elements. These three set of processes along with the framework described and the building blocks presented form the overall logistics management pedestal to support the operations of space exploration as well as travel in an effective and efficient manner.

Conclusion & Recommendations Conclusion & Recommendations

The objective of this research was to determine suitable logistics management framework for undertaking space travel and exploration in an effective and efficient manner, and, the research questions included - what are the significant and relevant factors for logistics management, capabilities and resources in the context of space exploration, space travel and affiliated research, and, What can be the integrated framework to design, employ and manage logistics in an effective, robust and continually evolving manner for successful outcomes.

In this context, this study described in a detailed manner the framework to undertake logistics management with respect to the space travel / exploration operations. The proposed framework builds over the established approaches, concepts, and best practices from the commercial / conventional management of supply chain to that of modelling the logistics architectures. The proposed framework has at its foundation basic level concepts concerning nodes, supplies, as well as elements, held together by way of the time expanded network supported by processes of [i] Waiting, that is, remaining at same node, [ii] Transporting, that is, moving to new node over the arc allowable, and, [iii] Transferring, that is, transfer crew and / or the supplies towards different elements that govern movement all through this network.

Further Research

In terms of future research, the findings and recommendations of this study, that is the framework of logistics management for space travel / exploration, encompassing building block elements, architecture and the processes can be subjected to critical evaluation by way of simulated evaluations, other real world application modelling and gradually pave way for real world application.

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spacecraft as a key element in a deep space gateway. In 2018 IEEE Aerospace

Conference. IEEE.

#logistics #australian research #logistics management solutions #space exploration #elon musk #richard branson #supply chain #space travel #logistics management software #logistics model #research #research design #survey #questionnaire #framework #network

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writeramitnagpal · 3 years

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Data Mobility

Data Mobility is defined as getting the needed data. The employees are moving to the increasing world of mobile and they do have access to the various corporate files. They even have access to the applications and the various services that are part of the access too. The business of the organizations gets impacted in a crucial manner as the data is vast and the resources to gather data quickly from various sources tend to be challenging [1] [3].

The product development and the supply chain schedules are also being impacted due to the same reason. The concept of BYOD or Bring Your Own Device to organizations has become a norm. The result is that the corporate data is becoming distributed and the same is also being accessed from several devices. The corporate content can be accessed from personal devices. The Cloud Services that are available for file sharing purposes enable productivity to a greater extent. The provisioning of the workaround for the file transfer also exists and the restrictions along with the Corporate VPN access are prevalent.

The crucial decision for the business remains to either block access to the devices or to grant them. The blocking of the cloud services along with the BYOD will bring out the weaknesses and constraints that pertain to the IT department of the company. When the end-users store the corporate data on to their own devices, the data and the applications are put outside the controls of the governance of the corporate IT 1] [3]. The increase in the risk of breach of security due to this aspect is significant.

The security policies and the information governance cannot be enforced. Even in this case, while the employees exit the company due to any reason, the corporate data lacks the custodian. There are various implications that arise due to this. The corporate data going into the wrong hands is certain and the employees can further link up to the vendors and third parties while supplying them the needed data which is a security breach too [4].

The IT companies increasing BYOD on their terms and retaining the visibility along with the controls is a significant move. The BYOD has several benefits as stated below

· Greater Flexibility

· Increased Efficiency

· Increased Productivity

· Higher Morale for Employees

· Allows Choice of Device

· Cuts Cost

· Reduced device management

The practice of allowing the use of smartphones and personal devices at the workplace offers greater flexibility at the organization. The access of the business network and the data can be from the home and also while the employees are traveling. The enhancement of efficiency is prevalent too. As the policies aligned to Bring Your Own Device enhances the efficiency levels with the greater focus of the employees linked to the assigned tasks.

The productivity also increases considerably. The ideal workplace policy considers the improved morale among employees. With the levels of satisfaction being high, they are able to focus more and give their best while serving the organization. The companies benefit to a greater extent as the licensing cost for the software and the hardware is reduced to a greater extent. At the same time, device management is also reduced from the perspective of the companies. The management of the devices with the enhanced policy and the regulated controls is crucial.

The benefits of data mobility with respect to the Cloud Environment are listed below-

· Enhanced Visibility in Cloud Environment

· Productivity and Accessibility Improved

· Possibility of Data Virtualization

· Reduced Infrastructure Expenses

· Additional Security

Cloud Computing enhances the visibility of employers. The businesses are a lot concerned with the wasting of the time and the bandwidth the company while using the devices. The BYOD devices have the associated concern of the employees too that their personal data remains private.

The BYOD policy needs to be communicated with the workforce and it is crucial that the activity linked to the workplace along with the measures of monitoring are being well implemented for the Cloud Environment [2]. The productivity and accessibility, both get improvised with the employees utilizing their own personal devices.

The Cloud provides instant access for the data too. The employees are able to work from anywhere. In the event of the misplaced devices, productivity is not hampered as seamless working can continue from other devices.

The possibility with respect to data virtualization is feasible. The employees just need to sign in to the devices in the Cloud. The employer, this way can have better monitoring controls and the data security enhanced to a greater extent. The new login details need to service by the employers to the employees as they access another department while they are moved to the relevant teams.

The reduction in infrastructure cost prevails with the BYOD implemented [2] [4]. The maintenance of the huge servers and the company devices has a cost and this gets considerably reduced for the employers. The cost of maintaining the online servers in the Cloud provides greater benefits aligned to the increased resource benefits. The management of the Cloud infrastructure is much simpler as compared to the physicals. The computing powers can be well managed and run efficiently with the effectiveness of the technology experts aligned to the tasks of implementation.

The additional security to BYOD Cloud Computing is fed through mobile virtualization. The increase in the use of personal devices has resulted in a very thin layer created for the virtual software that is embedded in between the applications and the data along with the underlying hardware. Mobile virtualization helps to deploy the security rules along with the protection in order to safeguard the data which is prevalent on the profile of the company and the same is being created for the device too.

As the devices get damaged, the access has to be remotely disabled and this can be well done through the aid of mobile virtualization. The Cloud benefits do overweigh the security along with the concerns of the safety that the data mobility and BYOD offers. While the use of the devices also requires the care to be taken during the special circumstances that will aid to protect the corporate data without it being compromised for productivity.

#byod #cloudcomputing #cloud computing #cloud infrastructure #data security #virtualization #it virtualisation #bring your own device #infrastructure

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writeramitnagpal · 3 years

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White Paper - IOT

Abstract

With the digital revolution knocking on our doors, all our lives revolve around easy access to the Internet. With the advent of effective Internet of Things (IoT) systems, people have started living smarter than ever and communication has become seamless. Though this concept has been around for some time now, web users are still unfamiliar with how it works. Communication across various networks around the globe is facilitated by using IP addresses. These are unique numbers that help identify computers on a network using Internet protocols to facilitate data transmission over networks. IPv4 and IPv6, which are Internet Protocol versions, play prominent roles in delivering effective IoT systems. This report aims to give clarity regarding IoT systems, how they work, and what they are made of, the report also explains IPv4 and IPv6 versions and how they facilitate IoT systems.

Internet of Things - An Introduction

Internet of Things (IoT) has taken the digital world by storm since its debut in 1999. However, many are still clueless and guessing what exactly it is and what it does. To sum it up, IoT is a concept wherein everyday gadgets or physical objects (home appliances, sensors etc.) are integrated and connected seamlessly over a network using the Internet or virtual objects. This enables generation, consumption and sharing of data between these objects with minimal human intervention. With technical advancements being made every day, the possibilities and reach of the Internet are beyond one’s imagination. IoT aims to expand the connectivity and smoothen the communication between real world and smart objects. In comparison with the current Internet, IoT works with a more flexible architecture where physical objects with embedded sensors will communicate with a cloud to exchange and assess data using Internet Protocols. In today’s age and time, man has almost everything at his finger tips or in digital terms, we can say, everything is just a click away. With the advent of IoT, a crucial milestone in digital space advancements, our world is all set to become an even smaller place in the coming years.

Impact of IoT in Everyday Life

IoT is the tool that is going to be instrumental in making our dream of a smart world a reality where people live in smart homes, getting work done at the click of a button. Any technology that helps reduce our work and make our life easier, we welcome it and make it a household name. Home appliances operating on their own, being well-coordinated in a system to send and receive data, will make our world less cumbersome and our lives smoother. IoT removes human intervention and puts the real-world objects to task in our day to day activities. It makes security more plausible. With our smartphones, CCTV cameras and other sensors being interconnected over the Internet, it is easier to track one’s whereabouts and to keep an eye on one’s dear ones round the clock. Healthcare services have benefitted from this concept on a massive scale in terms of wearable fitness and health monitoring devices and network enabled medical devices. IoT systems like networked vehicles, intelligent traffic systems, and built-in sensors on roads and bridges result in the rise of smart cities, which help reduce congestion, energy consumption and improve safety. IoT technology can help transform agriculture, industry, and energy production and distribution by making information readily available along the production value chain using networked sensors. From a management perspective, IoT enables the management to move freely from macro to micro levels and work out relevant plans of action as a result of easy access to fine-grained information. This entirely interactive and responsive network yields immense potential for citizens, consumers and businesses for advancements in their specific professional areas.

IoT - Areas of Application

The McKinsey Global Institute, in their report “Unlocking the Potential of the Internet of Things’’, describes the various applications of IoT in terms of settings wherein users can extract maximum value out of it. Starting off with humans, like we discussed earlier, wearable monitoring devices help assess and evaluate health and fitness levels and also measure levels of productivity. At homes, improved security systems and smart appliances make work far easier and more efficient. Highly automated retail environments like banks, restaurants, and stores ensure that work is done on time and is accurate. Offices, factories and worksites benefit from aligning physical objects like inventory and machinery with virtual objects like the Internet and other automated business processes to produce maximum output at minimum cost. Vehicles designed around the idea of IoT systems ensure safety and easy maintenance. Cities are being transformed into smart cities with the advent of smart traffic systems, resource management systems and so on.

Building Blocks of IoT

Advances in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, digital electronics and wireless communications in the recent past have enabled the development of cost effective, less energy consuming, multifunctional sensor nodes that are small in size and communicate effectively over short distances. Global sensing enabled by Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies is prominently visible in many aspects of modern day living. This offers the ability to measure, analyze and understand environmental indicators, from fragile ecologies and natural resources to our current urban setting. The explosion in numbers of these devices in a communicating–actuating network creates the IoT. Connecting Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags in corporate supply chains to the Internet helps to count and track goods without the need for human intervention. A collection of embedded devices and autoID technologies as well as off-the-shelf units can be utilized to address specific purposes.

IoT Framework

Seamlessly integrating physical objects with the virtual space requires layers of communication channels and interconnected networking systems. This calls for a framework consisting of several communication models. Some of these are as follows:

1. Device-to-Device Communication In this model, two or more devices are connected to each other and these interact between themselves without the involvement of an intermediary application server. They make use of several types of networks like IP network or the Internet. Residential IoT devices like light switches, door locks, thermostats etc. that make use of small data packets in communicating with one another fall under this model.

2. Device-to-Cloud Communication In this model, the device transmits data and monitors data traffic by directly connecting to an Internet cloud service such as an application service provider. This communication model uses existing communications mechanisms like Ethernet or Wi-Fi connections extensively to establish a connection between the device and the IP network, which ultimately connects to the cloud service. It is employed by some popular consumer IoT devices like the Nest Labs Learning Thermostat44 and the Samsung Smart TV.

3. Device-to-Gateway Model In this model, there is an application software operating on a local gateway device, which plays

the role of an intermediary between the chosen device and the cloud service and provides security and other functionality such as data or protocol translation. This model is often employed in popular consumer devices like personal fitness trackers.

4. Back-End Data-Sharing Model This model refers to a communication architecture that allows users to exchange and analyze smart object data from a cloud service against data from other sources. A back-end sharing architecture enables the data collected from single IoT device data streams to be combined and analyzed. Requirements of consolidating and analyzing the data produced by IoT devices and Internet enabled utility systems can be met with the use of such a communication model.

IPv4 and IPv6- A detailed study

As we all know, the Internet is evolving and growing in leaps and bounds as we speak. In this process, many software systems and other existing systems become obsolete, and newer, more advanced systems replace them. The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is an example of such a transition that was long overdue. The internet evolution deemed this transition fairly urgent and inevitable. The need to invent IPv6 meant that its predecessor, the IPv4, had some flaws and imperfections that could not be ignored. The move by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, (IANA) to exhaust the IPv4 address space in the global frontier speeded up the transition process. It would not be wrong to say that there is a sort of competition between the two rival protocols considering the fact that they are not directly compatible and users and network providers are being compelled to decide whether to support one or both protocols. The two protocols play significant roles in delivering effective IoT systems. We will be looking into their roles individually in depth.

Internet Protocol facilitates primary inter network routing with effective error reporting. It also facilitates the fragmentation and reassembly of information units called datagrams for transmission across networks with varying maximum data unit sizes. IP addresses are unique numbers assigned by Network Information Center and these unique numbers enable IP networks across the globe to communicate with each other efficiently. Most of the existing networks use IP version 4 (IPv4). Advanced networks use the updated IP version 6 (IPv6).

IPv4 and its role in delivering effective IoT systems

Over the last few years, the internet boom has created a massive increase in the number of internet users and this sudden explosive surge in web usage has posed a big challenge to the service providers. The Ipv4 internet protocol addressing was considered to be adequate at the time but it soon faced the danger of extinction as the number of web users and devices rose to unmanageable numbers. When you communicate with other users via a public medium, it is imperative that we ensure there is no invasion of privacy and that data security is upheld by encrypting the information. With technological advancements improving internet infrastructure, IPv4 address packets started providing adequate and reliable security measures. IPv4 network allocation was efficient and boasted of a large number of functional routers, hence forming the backbone of the Internet. Flat routing and hierarchical routing forms the base of this infrastructure. In addition to this, connecting multiple devices over a large network became easier and more convenient even without NAT. Therefore, applications that did not need NAT worked easily through firewalls. Due to the rapid growth in the number of internet users which showed no sign of slowing down, data transfer and online browsing became far too slow. This model of communication therefore provided efficient data transfer and quality service. In most cases, these services used Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Despite having limited operational usability, IPv4 addresses were redefined and updated.

With IPv4, routing became more efficient and scalable because addressing was summarized and aggregated more efficiently. IPv4 is considered to be the defined standard today, but its significance is gradually deteriorating and it is being replaced by the more advanced version IPv6 to solve the IP address exhaustion problem that is looming large on the horizon.

IPv6 and its role in delivering effective IoT systems

In the case of IPv4, each IP address is defined using 32 bits, which comes to a figure of roughly four billion addresses. This was a huge number during its inception, but with the Internet evolution, this address pool soon became obsolete. IPv6 uses 128 bits for each address. To put this in perspective, if you take into account the number of known stars in the universe, and square that number, the resulting figure will only be slightly larger than the number of addresses in IPv6. Working with complex algorithms can be difficult for routers that have to decipher each packet and determine its destination. IPv4 is also not the best option when working with mobile networks, where the device can move from one network to another. IPv6 solves these problems because the large number of addresses makes the complexity of the algorithms irrelevant and insignificant. IPv6 has the ability to carry larger payloads than the standard amount allowed in IPv4. This is an optional feature, and IPv6 networks can still remain adaptable to IPv4’s payload size. In spite of the innumerable advantages of IPv6, the incompatibility still hinders its widespread acceptance and usage. Only a meager 1% of the world’s networks have upgraded to IPv6, while the remaining 99% still use IPv4. This will change once IPv4 addresses are totally exhausted, and communication companies are left with no other choice but to use IPv6 addresses. IPv6 delivers additional benefits apart from a larger addressing space, for example, permitting hierarchical address allocation techniques that limit the expansion of routing tables, simplified and expanded multicast addressing and service delivery optimization. Device mobility, security, and configuration aspects have been considered in the design of IPv6.

Both the competing protocols have some undeniable strengths on one hand and some weaknesses that cannot be ignored on the other. With technology and internet infrastructure growing in leaps and bounds every minute of the day, systems will keep becoming obsolete and newer versions will keep enticing web users.

#optimization #ipv6 #iot #iot solutions #tcp #ipv4 #iana #internet of things

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writeramitnagpal · 3 years

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Story Of The Living Mineral Bringing Life To Many

Maggie never knew what could surprise her on her 22nd birthday. As she walked past her shift by the alley, there was no one she was expecting. She wished to spend the night in melancholy. She unlocked her apartment door and heard a bang. Her friend Harry surprised her. She got a gift she remembers till date. The turquoise earrings got a smile on her face. There was nothing more she could have asked. As a child she would crave wearing turquoise someday. She could not resist negating proposal from Harry. After a year, both got married. No wonder the gemstone is referred to as “stone of life”. The history of precious gem stone dates back centuries. “The woman looks prettier than she ever did”. Those were the words that went around on Maggie’s wedding. The turquoise earrings she wore adorned her looks. Maggie was filled with joy. It’s been twelve years now since the mostrememberable birthday. Maggie deploys her passion for turquoise gemstone working as a jewelry designer.

#gemstone #gem mineral earring jewelry

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writeramitnagpal · 3 years

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Smart Education ERP Software Paves Way For a Better Future

Introduction

The manner in which the education system is being redefined is significant. Education ERP is helping in altering the management system. The educational institutes form the base of bright future. Over millions of students all across the globe benefit from the utilization of ERP technology. The educational institutes in today’s world are not just limited to imparting education. The education practice is provisioning a transformation taking place in the arena of education. The digital transformation taking place with respect to the K-12 education does span across the ecosystem with the content creation ascertaining true value realized.

There has been a large scale push with respect to digitalization in schools and the transformation plan being implemented as part of the initiative taken by large key corporates and the governments. The initiatives undertaken in the arena of college management software, the attendance management system along with the school information system has paved way for the initiatives driven with the content design. The digitized assessments introduced in schools and colleges basis the ERP have witnesses a change in the manner the next generation is being imparted education. Even though there pertain lot of challenges while comparing to the traditional testing, the digital assurance is going to change the perception of the learners and the entire ecosystem that encompasses the school information system and school management software being deployed.

Digital Quality Approach with SIS Implementation

The digital transformation for the K-12 education system does span across the arena of education ecosystem. With the inception of content creation to administration of students and from delivery pertaining to assessments to the reporting structure, the ecosystem encompasses the numerous parts and the true value being realized with the cohesive functioning of all the functions associated with ecosystem. The schools have adapted to the technological innovation with the content delivery taking place through cloud infrastructure giving a boost to the school information system (SIS).

The SIS, being the software application aids in storing the data of teachers, students, administrators and parents.

The availability of training user guides along with the required information that aids in the conduct of curriculum for students also forms part of the SIS. The software application has been useful in supporting various other applications that support the automation and is intranet specific for schools. It turns out to be easy and manageable to track the performance of students along with the development pertaining to the activities undertaken for student and teachers. The student specific suggestions can be well incorporated into the system provisioning greater flexibility and the well-defined approach.

Value Creation with SIS

With the wide ranging impact on the operations of schools, the SIS implemented can bring about greater value creation being offered by the school2. It’s a critical tool that offers greater resource allocation along with the budgeting and the planning done in a coordinated manner. The K-12 operations can be streamlined to a greater extent with the software application well deployed. In order to enhance the student outcome, the fundamental aspect of SIS tends to be productive with the crucial offerings. The technology ecosystem does provision the school management system to be accelerated at the needed pace.

The examination of student information system enhances the educational outcomes for the students. The application helps in the enhancement in family engagements along with the benefits derived by the educators in saving the time needed for classroom instructions. The research and development falling as core part of the application, the empowerment of students and teachers has been an outcome of innovation with the solution of unified classrooms for students. The school management system brings about greater advantages with the learning centric approach being the focus area.

Backing Up With Microsoft Azure

The leading technology has given a cutting edge solution in delivery of content and the communication taking place through multiple devices connected to the application. With the power of cloud computing the SIS is backed with the secured and robust Microsoft Azure Technology offering greater scalability and reliability to the student information system (SIS) application. The associated benefits of reduced risk with respect to disaster recovery

management along with the cost lowered with cloud hosting is significant. Also this provisions more control and flexibility to the users of the application.

The ease and cost effectiveness give SIS and upper hand over the traditional system. The enterprise management system (EMS) is a comprehensive solution being delivered as a benefit that aids in maintenance of a safe environment. The amount of time spent on the security management and maintaining system data is considerably reduced. While upgrading the student information system is considered to be an investment of significant nature, the financial commitment offers the privilege pertaining to the ongoing training that takes place with great potential to success.

The user friendly school ERP software being offered by the school management software does ensure the information storage in a secured electronic manner and the capability to link up with the school app that offers a multilingual environment supporting multiple languages. The school ERP software has aided the institutions to bring about the needed change and to rethink with the diverse ways in which the business model can be implemented. This further aids in enhancing the school management software with the requisite of cost effectiveness with the implementation focussing on delivering efficiency along with reliability.

Deployment of College Management System

The curriculum management solution has extended to the colleges too. With the college management system, the student’s information along with the management information pertaining to college students is enhanced with the class management accelerated. The time and effort otherwise required from the departments and the administration of the colleges too can be reduced to a greater extent with the implementation of college management system. The management system aids in enhancing the communication too taking place between the college teaching staff and the students.

With the customized reports and the analysis of the student’s data and performance, the system information system has a significant provisioning with respect to the decision making for a better future for the students. The college management software encompassing the ERP can have various functional modules operating in a dynamic environment. The various functions along with the performance can be enhanced to greater levels.

USP’s of College Management Software

There are various reasons as to why the colleges should adopt the ERP. The reduction in the manual work and administrative process can be easily regulated. There are various operations associated with the operations linked to academic and non-academic processes that need to be well synchronized1. The college management software aids in securing data along with affordability provisioned for the flexibility of customization done with greater affordability.

The modern web technology ha a lot to offer with the support provisioned round the clock. With the ERP solution forming part of the implementation at colleges, the management of processes and sub processes with effective support management tends to be easier. The retrieval along with the efficacy of data can be well enhanced with the deployment of application to the online fee payment along with the needed support forming part of the library management software3.

The customization with the various functionalities as part of the system enables the utilization of RFID technology along with biometrics to encompass the management of processes in a smooth manner. The reduction in the administrative work with the maintenance of student data and the past results becomes simplified with the various attributes forming part of the application. The college ERP software also offers the benefit of conducting training and workshops and management of schedule with appropriate implementation.

The data security with respect to the enormous data of student and the past records can be well maintained. The ERP software at college offers a cloud based synchronization offering a customized cost effective solution with no investments required of the hardware and the giant installations. The centralized campus management system takes care of the subjects offered by the autonomous colleges and others with the well regulate and coordinated system in place.

New World Of Attendance Management System

The attendance management system for students at schools and colleges can be regulated with the facility provisioning greater facilitation to the teachers. While the web monitoring of the attendance at schools and colleges, the manual intervention is negligible. The automatic processing taking place of the attendance with the management system is helpful in overcoming problems associated with the manual system.

The system does communicate with the database which exists remotely n the server. The calculation done computes the attendance percentage with respect to students without any manual paper based process. The design automated attendance for the students is interactive with the facilities to bring about the smooth application basis utilization of PHP serving in the back end. The server side language well functions with the capabilities provisioned in back end.

The utilization of front end tools with the effectiveness deployed of CSS, HTML and Java bring about the automated processing making the simpler generation of attendance reporting done. The web based attendance software is able to process the daily attendance for students with the option available to save and get archived databases for students as and when required.

The education ERP software with the functionality to well synchronize with the web based attendance system makes it a unique offering4. The HTML and CSS provision the interface design offered by the attendance software. The customization forming part of the system allows the utilization of the newer implemented versions to incorporate enhanced performance.

Higher Education & Business Transformation

The higher education practices with the challenges pertaining to the existing model can be well optimized with the implementation of technology that leads to the transformation pertaining to the learning style amongst the generation of students. The transformation with respect to the business models and the application of technology in the arena of higher education has been significant.

The change in the society has been brought with the collaborative learning approach well implemented in the arena of higher education. The society is slowly adapting to the development of culture that is being embraced. There are various factors that have attributed to the transformation taking place.

The goal to attain and retain the best students as part of the system entails greater emphasis on the ERP. The enhancement of education outcomes for the higher education has been adaptive. The business transformation brings about the adherence to the technological architecture with change management serving to be a significant part of innovation. The standalone learning system has been giving way to the adoption of integrated solution.

With the incorporation in the higher education arena, the collaborative components offer a holistic learning environment wherein the resources in the education system can be utilized in an apt manner. The IT solutions and virtualization has provisioned a cutting edge with respect to the delivery management of the content. The reshaping of the educational institutions catering to the current demands is a unique way by wich the application design can be well showcased.

The proven methodology being addressed in this manner is well able to leverage the needs of students. The solution acceleration also needs the maintenance at intervals with the adopted technology. The same can be well managed with the developed solution and achieving the institution effectiveness. The unique collaborative approach is justified with the flexibility as part of the model and the analytical expertise provisioning support by leveraging the tools in an appropriate manner. With the ERP software enhancing the deliverables, the flexibility with respect to the methodology can be well achieved in case of the needs altering for the various institutions offering higher education.

Conclusion

Smart education ERP implementation provisions a transformation in the arena of education. The digitized assessments which have been introduced in colleges and schools basis the ERP have undergone a significant change. This has well brought in the needed change.

Even though challenges pertain with respect to the traditional testing, the digital assurance is bringing about a change in the perception of the learners and the entire ecosystem. The schools have adapted to the linked technology forming the basis in innovation with the content delivery taking place through cloud infrastructure. This mechanism is giving a boost to the school information system (SIS).

The value creation taking place with SIS tends to streamline operations to a greater extent with the software application deployed for K-12. The enterprise management system (EMS) is a comprehensive solution that ensures the benefit of maintaining a safe environment. Deployment of college management system aids in enhancing the communication too taking place between the college teaching staff and the students. The attendance management system too utilizing the PHP serving in the back end and CSS, HTML and Java as frontend is significant as part of the ERP. The transformation in higher education is crucial and the ERP indeed is paving way to a better future.

#erp #school erp software #k-12 education #k-12 #sis #school information system #enterprise resource planning #css #html #microsoft azure

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