#rongqiu

[ziseviolet]

Hi my friend wanted to ask about Chinese Opera and the red pom poms on their hats and their significance. I asked my mom and she said they were for decoration so I just wanted clarification

Hi! Thanks for the question, and sorry for taking ages to reply!

The pom poms you see on 盔头/kuitou (Chinese opera headdresses) are called 绒球/rongqiu (lit. "velvet ball"). They are often red, but can also be other colors, and vary in size. Ronqiu are decorative and serve to distinguish the many different types of kuitou from one another. Each type of kuitou is distinct in the number, size, and color of rongqiu that it's decorated with (of course, not all kuitou have rongqiu).

Below - a few different types of Beijing opera kuitou decorated with rongqiu (x):

Rongqiu isn't used just for Chinese opera performances - it's a very common decorative item for Chinese headwear, especially for traditional/folk performances.

Below - examples of rongqiu use in folk custom/performance costumes, left to right: 1) 游神/youshen (wandering gods) procession in Fujian (x), 2) 英歌舞/yingge wu (yingge dance) performer in Guangdong (x), 3) & 4) 高跷/gaoqiao (stilt walking) performers in a 社火/shehuo parade in Gansu (x):

As a festive decoration, rongqiu was also widely used on bridal guan (crowns) from the Qing dynasty into the modern day.

Below - examples of rongqiu use in historical bridal guan: Left - a bride during the late Qing dynasty, circa 1890 (x); Right - a bride during the Republican era/minguo, in 1939 (x):

For some reason it's been extremely difficult to find sources on the origin of rongqiu that would shed more light on its significance, but based on historical paintings the use of rongqiu as a head ornament may have originated in the Qing dynasty. During the late Qing dynasty, it was fashionable among women to wear rongqiu on the sides of their hair, as can be seen in the paintings below (x):

This particular style of rongqiu hair ornament was depicted in the 2012 historical cdrama 娘心计/Mother's Scheme:

For more references, please see my rongqiu and kuitou tags.

If anyone has more information on the significance of rongqiu, please do share!

Hope this helps ^^

#rongqiu #pompoms #kuitou #chinese opera #opera costume #xifu #hanfu #history #reference #ask #reply #junpeicindystories #chinese fashion #chinese clothing #china

[bookofjin]

Administrative geography of Western Han (34,115)

According to Ban Gu's Book of Han.

Places names on the map:

You 幽州

Bohai勃海郡

Yangxin陽信

Dongguang東光

Fucheng阜城

Qiantong千童

Zhonghe重合

Ding定

Gaole高樂

Linle臨樂

Zhongping重平

Tiaoshi脩市

Zhangxiang章鄉

Puling蒲領

Ji冀州

Guangping廣平國

Quzhou曲周

Nanqu南曲

Xindu信都國

Xindu信都

Li歷

Fuliu扶柳

Biyang辟陽

Nangong南宮

Xiabo下博

Wuyi武邑

Guanjin觀津

Gaodi高隄

Guangchuan廣川

Lexiang樂鄉

Pingdi平隄

Tao桃

Xiliang西梁

Changcheng昌成

Dongchang東昌

Xiu脩

Hejian 河間國

Gonggao弓高

Wei魏郡

Guantao館陶

Qingyuan清淵

Wei魏

Yuancheng元城

Yin'an陰安

Ping'en平恩

Julu鉅鹿郡

Nanluan南䜌

Linping臨平

Shi貰

Qiao郻

Xinshi新巿

Tangyang堂陽

Lixiang歷鄉

Lexin樂信

Qinghe清河郡

Qingyang清陽

Dongwucheng東武城

Yimu繹幕

Ling靈

Cuo厝

Shu鄃

Beiqiu貝丘

Xincheng信成

Souti𢘿題

Dongyang東陽

Xinxiang信鄉

Liao繚

Zaoqiang棗彊

Fuyang復陽

Yan 兗州

Dong東郡

Liaocheng聊城

Dunqiu頓丘

Fagan發干

Fan范

Chiping茬平

Dongwuyang東武陽

Boping博平

Li黎

Qing清

Dong'e東阿

Lihu離狐

Linyi臨邑

Xuchang須昌

Shouliang壽良

Lechang樂昌

Yangping陽平

Linqiu廩丘

Chenliu陳留郡

Cheng'an成安

Ningling寧陵

Xiangyi襄邑

Yan傿

Shanyang山陽郡

Changyi昌邑

Nanpingyang南平陽

Chengwu成武

Huling湖陵

Dongmin東緍

Fangyu方與

Tuo橐

Juye鉅野

Shanfu單父

Bo薄

Duguan都關

Chengdu城都

Huang黃

Yuanqi爰戚

Gaocheng郜成

Pingle平樂

Xiaqiu瑕丘

Xiyang西陽

Jiyin濟陰郡

Dingtao定陶

Yuanqu冤句

Lüdu呂都

Jiami葭密

Chengyang成陽

Juancheng鄄城

Gouyang句陽

Du秺

Chengshi乘氏

Chengyang 城陽國

Ju莒

Yangdu陽都

Dong'an東安

Lü慮

Huaiyang淮陽國

Zhe柘

Dongping東平國

Wuyan無鹽

Rencheng任城

Dongpinglu東平陸

Fucheng富城

Zhang章

Kangfu亢父

Fan樊

Taishan泰山郡

Fenggao奉高

Bo博

Chi茬

Lu盧

Feicheng肥成

Yiqiu蛇丘

Gang剛

Chai柴

Gai蓋

Liangfu梁父

Dongpingyang東平陽

Nanwuyang南武陽

Laiwu萊蕪

Juping鉅平

Ying嬴

Mou牟

Mengyin蒙陰

Hua華

Ningyang寧陽

Shengqiu乘丘

Fuyang富陽

Taoshan桃山

Taoxiang桃鄉

Qing青州

Zichuan甾川國

Ju劇

Dong'anping東安平

Louxiang樓鄉

Jiaodong 膠東國

Jimo即墨

Xiami下密

Zhuangwu壯武

Yuzhi郁秩

Ting挺

Guanyang觀陽

Zoulu鄒盧

Gaomi高密國

Gaomi高密

Chang'an昌安

Shiquan石泉

Yi'an夷安

Chengxiang成鄉

Pingyuan平原郡

Pingyuan平原

Ge鬲

Gaotang高唐

Zhongqiu重丘

Pingchang平昌

Yu羽

Ban般

Leling樂陵

Zhu'e祝阿

Yuan瑗

Eyang阿陽

Tayin漯陰

Li朸

Fuping富平

Ande安悳

Louxu樓虛

Long'e龍頟

An安

Qiancheng千乘郡

Qiancheng千乘

Dongzou東鄒

Shiwo溼沃

Ping'an平安

Bochang博昌

Liaocheng蓼城

Jianxin建信

Di狄

Langhuai琅槐

Le'an樂安

Beiyang被陽

Gaochang高昌

Gaowan高宛

Yanxiang延鄉

Ji'nan濟南郡

Dongpingling東平陵

Zouping鄒平

Tai臺

Liangzou梁鄒

Tugu土鼓

Yuling於陵

Yangqiu陽丘

Panyang般陽

Jian菅

Zhaoyang朝陽

Licheng歷城

You猇

Zhu著

Yicheng宜成

Qi齊郡

Linzi臨淄

Changguo昌國

Li利

Xi'an西安

Juding鉅定

Guang廣

Guangrao廣饒

Linqu臨朐

Taixiang臺鄉

Beihai北海郡

Yingling營陵

Jukui劇魁

Anqiu安丘

Chunyu淳于

Yi益

Pingshou平壽

Ju劇

Duchang都昌

Pingwang平望

Liuquan柳泉

Shouguang壽光

Lewang樂望

Rao饒

Zhen斟

Sangdu桑犢

Pingcheng平城

Mixiang密鄉

Chengxiang成鄉

Jiaoyang膠陽

Donglai東萊郡

Ye掖

Chui腄

Pingdu平度

Huang黃

Linqu臨朐

Qucheng曲成

Mouping牟平

Dongmou東牟

Jian㡉

Yuli育犁

Changyang昌陽

Buye不夜

Dangli當利

Luxiang盧鄉

Yangle陽樂

Yangshi陽石

Xuxiang徐鄉

Yu豫州

Liang梁國

Dang碭

Zi甾

Shuqiu杼秋

Meng蒙

Yishi已氏

Yu虞

Xiayi下邑

Suiyang睢陽

Lu魯國

Lu魯

Bian卞

Wenyang汶陽

Pi蕃

Zou騶

Xue薛

Pei沛郡

Xiao蕭

Guangqi廣戚

Feng豐

Gongqiu公丘

Jingqiu敬丘

Pei沛

Jianping建平

Li栗

Fuyang扶陽

Qixiang祈鄉

Xu 徐州

Chu楚國

Pengcheng彭城

Liu留

Wu梧

Fuyang傅陽

Lü呂

Wuyuan武原

Langye琅邪郡

Dongwu東武

Buji不其

Haiqu海曲

Ganyu贛榆

Zhuxu朱虛

Zhu諸

Wucheng梧成

Lingmen靈門

Gumu姑幕

Linyuan臨原

Langye琅邪

Fei祓

Ju柜

Ping缾

Fu邞

Qianzou黔陬

Jijin計斤

Dao稻

Gaoyu皋虞

Pingchang平昌

Changguang長廣

Heng橫

Dongguan東莞

Weiqi魏其

Chang昌

Zixiang茲鄉

Ji箕

Bi椑

Gaoguang高廣

Gaoxiang高鄉

Li麗

Xinshan新山

Gaoyang高陽

Kunshan昆山

Zhequan折泉

Fangshan房山

Anqiu安丘

Donghai東海郡

Tan郯

Lanling蘭陵

Xiangfei襄賁

Xiapi下邳

Liangcheng良成

Pingqu平曲

Qi戚

Qu朐

Kaiyang開陽

Bi費

Licheng利成

Haiqu海曲

Zeng繒

Nancheng南成

Jiqiu即丘

Zhuqi祝其

Linyi臨沂

Houqiu厚丘

Rongqiu容丘

Dong'an東安

Hexiang合鄉

Zheng承

Jianyang建陽

Quyang曲陽

Siwu司吾

Duyang都陽

Yinping陰平

Wuxiang郚鄉

Xinyang新陽

Jianling建陵

Changlu昌慮

Not located

Dong東郡

Panguan畔觀

Limiao利苗

Shanyang山陽郡

Zhongxiang中鄉

Zheng鄭

Zixiang甾鄉

Lixiang栗鄉

Quxiang曲鄉

Jiaodong 膠東國

Changwu昌武

Pingyuan平原郡

Heyang合陽

Qiancheng千乘郡

Fan'an繁安

Taishan泰山郡

Shi式

Qi齊郡

Zhaonan昭南

Beixiang北鄉

Pingguang平廣

Beihai北海郡

Zhi瓡

Pingdi平的

Yangshi羊石

Ledu樂都

Shixiang石鄉

Shangxiang上鄉

Xincheng新成

Langye琅邪郡

Xushui虛水

Yujia雩假

Yun雲

Rou柔

Jilai即來

Wuxiang武鄉

Yixiang伊鄉

Canfeng參封

Boshi博石

Shenxiang慎鄉

Siwang駟望

Gaoling高陵

Lin'an臨安

Shishan石山

Donghai東海郡

Lanqi蘭祺

Shanxiang山鄉

Jianxiang建鄉

Yuxiang于鄉

Pingqu平曲

Wuyang武陽

Duping都平

County locations and ancient rivers, lakes, and shorelines from The Historical Atlas of China.

I have intentionally stuck to the Hanshu where it differs from the Historical Atlas.

#western han

[tentative-wanderer]

Answer: Educators

Thinking of: Chu Wanning (2ha), Shen Qingqiu, Shen Jiu (SVSSS), Shen Gurong (Transmigrated into a High-Risk Career: Shizun 穿成高危职业之师尊)

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*

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More debauchery here:

Answer: Misfits are interesting

Misfits (defined strictly): Chu Wanning (2ha), Mo Xuanyu (MDZS), Ye Rongqiu (好一朵美腻的白莲花 What A Lovely White Lotus) (this last one is a real weirdo. That’s a compliment.) Defined loosely: Wei Wuxian (MDZS), Chi Xiaochi (DPUBFTTB / DPUBFTB), Qu Yanting (Crossover Actor)

Answer: I don’t know, I think some people find “shorter than their tops (🍆)” cute?

Answer: Late risers (been ploughed by the tops too intensely at night)

Answer: Erm…self-lubricating

#2ha #mdzs #svsss #dpubftb #cql #dpubfttb #danmei #crossover actor #好一朵美腻的白莲花 #穿成高危职业之师尊 #二哈和他的白猫师尊 #魔道祖师 #人渣反派自救系统 #不要在垃圾桶里捡男朋友 #跨界演员 #my stuff