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just6f · 10 months

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jasonthegardeningguru · 5 years

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FLOWER GARDEN JOBS FOR THE MONTH – March 2019

Time to plant roses for summer colour.

If you want something to plant this week which will give you summer colour and scented blooms in a wide range of colour’s then there is one family of shrubs which will beat any bedding plant hands down.

Roses.

Roses are probably still number one in many people’s eyes; a wide range of different types and styles are available to grow and with a majority of varieties are now grown in containers.

Most people are put off by roses due to the heavy work load of plant care and maintenance. Though their plant care really isn’t as heavy than any other plant. It is the wide range of diseases like mildew, black spot and rust which put people off but if a spray program is started from the first leaves breaking bud. Spray every couple of weeks with a combined insecticide and fungicide. This will keep the aphid attacks and disease problems to a minimum.

If you are not a keen lover of spraying, a quick look at your gardening literature will show you that there is a wide range of varieties which have good disease resistance. Usually these varieties will have glossy foliage.

Under planting with Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) is said to deter aphid attack on your rose bushes – also why not spray FITO Insect Stoppa around the base of your plants to also stop other insects like Ants turning your prize plants into aphid farms – this natural barrier glue is easy to apply and is less unsightly than fruit tree grease or grease bands.

Once you have chosen your varieties, to succeed at growing new roses always dig the hole twice the size of the container. Mix some planting medium into the base of the hole. Take the plant out of its container and then plant with a 50/50 mixture of garden soil and planting medium.

Once planted, firm in, top dress with FITO FORTE SLOW RELEASE ROSE & SHRUB FERTILISER – this feed will feed your plants up to 4 months giving them the vital nutrients they need - then water your new plants in.

Trim newly planted hedges to promote bushy growth.

Newly planted hedges such as Privet (Ligustrum) & Hawthorn (Crataegus) should be hard pruned down to 15-25 cm.

This may seem drastic but these plants can sometimes grow straggly and to encourage bushiness it is wise to do this.

On naturally bushy plants like Beech (Fagus) and Hornbeam (Carpinus) which have also been planted in the recently should be trimmed down by a third. Again, this hard pruning will promote a thicker hedge in the long run.

Next year remember at this time to trim the plants again trimming the previous year’s growth by half.

Feed with FITO FORTE SLOW RELEASE ROSE & SHRUB FERTILSER to help boost growth.

Time to plant out Sweet Pea’s.

Sweet Peas which have been grown inside should now be harden off and planted into their blooming positions.

Knock them out of the pots and plant into the ground firmly.

Plant them in clumps 15cm apart in rows.

For support against a wall, wooden trellis can be used but to save some money why not create a frame work using some wooden stakes then connect some Pea & Bean netting. In winter the frame and netting can be taken down.

If you’re after a more natural feel to your Sweet Peas and especially if they are being planted into your borders and then use some twiggy sticks and train the plants up these.

Some people will create wigwams with bamboo canes. The wigwams can be easily be done by using special plastic clips which can be easily purchased from any garden centre or hardware shop.

Plant the Sweet Peas the same distance as against the wall but plant them in a circle around the wigwam.

If you have no room in the borders or any spare space against any of your walls then why not grow some Sweet Peas in a container and train them up an obelisk which is designed for patio culture.

Or why not grow a dwarf variety in a hanging basket to give you a scented delight to hang outside on the patio.

Don’t worry if you haven’t sown any seed yet. Sweet Peas are hardy annuals and can be sown directly into the ground up until the end of next month.

Time to move evergreens.

Evergreen’s which you need to move into new positions can now be done so.

Remember to lift as much a root ball as possible. Dig around the plant carefully slowly lifting the plant from its anchoring place.

Any roots which that won’t give, excavate down and using a pair of secateurs cut through the root making a clean cut.

Once the plant is removed, the new position should be dug out at least twice the size of the root ball.

Fork over the bottom of the new planting position breaking up the soil. Apply some organic matter, soil improver or rose, tree & shrub compost to give your transplant a good start in its new home.

Make sure also that the compost mixture is mixed in with the soil from the hole then water in well and don’t let the plant dry out until it shows signs of re-growth.

If the plant is being moved due to drastic changes in the garden and the new planting area isn’t ready then move the plant into a large container but finding one to fit the root ball size can seem an impossible task either in size or in your wallet limitations.

Muck buckets which are used for the movement of garden rubbish make great temporary planters. Just drill some holes in the bottom of the muck bucket for drainage.

Dead head bulbs.

As spring bulbs stop flowering go around the garden and dead head.

If you leave the dead flower heads on the strength of the growing season will be sapped into the seed pod and not back into the storage organ below ground.

Also go around with a high potash feed like FITO FORTE Liquid Fertiliser -Flowering - so that the plants are encouraged to produce as beautiful display as they did this year.

Another way is to use FITO Drip Feeders for Flowering Plants which will slowly disperse feed to your bulbs over a 15 day period - espescially if they are growing in containers.

Start planting summer flowering bulbs.

This week is the ideal opportunity to plant out summer flowering bulbs such as Gladoli, Lilies etc.

Tease and fork the soil and dig down to the depth suggested. Gladoli should be planted at a depth of 10-12cm and a spacing of about 15cm.

Lilies should be planted at 15cm depth and spacing of 20-30cm. Other bulbs will vary depending on the size of the bulb if your not sure check the packet or swat up from a book.

Some bulbs like Anemones will need to be soaked in water for at least 12 hours before planting.

If you have no room left in the garden or where you want to plant your summer bulbs is still full of spring colour then why not start them off in some containers. A majority of summer bulbs make great container plants giving as much colour through the summer as well as a majority of your bedding plants.

Attention to tree ferns.

If you possess a tree fern it is now time to remove the protection from the winter months and ready it for this years growth.

Start with remove any fleece, leaves, bracken etc. from the crown of the plant. Then carefully remove the dead fronds of last years growth. Trim these back to 25mm into the hairs near to the stump.

Once these have been removed ensure that the stump is firmly placed in its planting position whether its in the garden or a pot.

Once this is done pour some water into the crown of the plant until it starts to over flow. Do this daily for the first 15-20 days and continue to regulate the water flow.

The new fronds should start to appear within that time. As they develop feed the tree fern with a balanced liquid fertiliser aimed at palms or foliage plants which should also be ideal for tree ferns.

In this period if there is forecast ground frost then wrap some fleece around the crown until the frost is thawed.

#gardening #march #flowers #tree fern #lilies #gladioli #anemone #roses #evergreens #plants #sweet peas

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juniperpublishers-agriculture · 4 years

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Screening of Six Parents and 15 Cross Combinations against Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum)-Juniper Publishers

The study on the screening for resistance to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) of six parents and 15 cross combinations/hybrids were evaluated under artificial epiphytotic conditions at the Plant Pathology lab and glass house of Plant Pathology Section of Horticulture Research Centre (HRC) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BAIR), Gazipur, Bangladesh during the period from September 2016-17 to develop high yielding F1 eggplant varieties resistant to bacterial wilt. Amongst the six parents and 15 hybrids, six hybrids viz., F1 4x17, F1 4x5, F1 18x17, F1 3x17, F1 3x5, F1 17x5 showed resistant (R) reaction. The cross F1 3x17, F1 17x5 exhibited the lowest percent of wilt (10%) followed by F1 4x17 (16.67 %), F1 3x5 (13.33 %). In case of parents, three parents showed resistant (R) reaction viz. BL083 (20.00% wilting), BL081 (16.67% wilting) and BLS2 (16.67% wilting). Incubation period ranges from 4 days to 12 days. The lowest incubation period (4 days) was observed form the parent BL034 followed by Islampuri (5 days) and Uttara (6 days), hybrids F1 4x14 (6 days) and F1 18x14 (6 days).

Keywords: Ralstonia solanacearum; Hybrids; Epiphytotic; Plant Pathology; Horticulture

Abbreviations: HRC: Horticulture Research Centre; BAIR: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute; TZC: Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride; CRD: Completely Randomized Design; HR: Highly Resistant; MR: Moderately Resistant; MS: Moderately Susceptible; HS: Highly Susceptible

Introduction

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum [1], synonym Pseudomonas solanacearum Smith (1914), is widespread in the tropical, subtropical and temperate region, where it represents a major constraint to the production of numerous crops [2,3]. Recent reviews showed the very extensive host range of R. solanacearum which includes several hundred species representing about 53 families of plants [4]. Host species include ornamentals, weeds and important crops such as tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) potato (Sonalum tuberosum L.) eggplant (Solanum melongena? L.), chilli pepper (Capsicum spp.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), ginger (Zingiber officinale L.), peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) etc.

The incidence of soil borne diseases particularly bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Sm. is the most limiting factor to produce eggplant in Bangladesh. Not only in Bangladesh, bacterial wilt is a disease of world wide importance in eggplant production [5]. An early crop of eggplant is very profitable for the farmers in Bangladesh, but the early crop is particularly vulnerable to this disease. Once the eggplants are affected by bacterial wilt, they die within three to four days. The organism when injected in the susceptible hosts through the root systems cause vascular wilt and ultimate death of the plant [6]. The characteristics symptoms of bacterial wilt in most hosts are wilting, stunting and yellowing of the foliage. With susceptible infected eggplants, the most striking symptom is the rapid and complete wilting of the plants following field infection. Distinct epinasty of the petioles prior to wilting may be apparent if disease development is slow. Internal symptoms include discoloration of vascular tissue and decay of portions of the pith at the advanced stages of infection. It is the most destructive bacterial plant pathogen especially in the warm regions [6]. In recent years, bacterial wilt has become a great problem for eggplant cultivation in Bangladesh. The main effort to control this disease has been directed towards the development of resistance cultivars. But available information suggests that very few of the cultivars were reported as resistant to this disease. Various attempts to control bacterial wilt of different crops have been reported [7] but success was limited. Breeding for resistance, therefore, remains the best control strategy, even though varietal resistance differs in different localities due to extreme variability and adaptation of the pathogen [8].

The grafting of cultivated variety on wild brinjal root-stock can successfully control the disease [9], but grafting technology is not well adopted to the farmers due to some technological aspects and it is some time troublesome. So, development of disease resistant cultivar is the easiest way to solve the problem, but development of disease resistant variety is not easy. Many workers are still working in the world to develop disease resistant variety. The development of resistant cultivars for the control of bacterial wilt has been successful in the case of tobacco and peanut [3]. Many cultivars of tomato are resistant for certain environments, but their resistance was not stable under conditions of high temperature and humidity in the lowland tropics. Similarly, some chilli accessions which were found to be resistant in India were susceptible in Japan [10]. Thus, the development of resistant variety in specific locations of the crops to certain pathogen remained a continuous process. Available information suggests that no appreciable attempt has yet been made to study the local as well as the available exotic plant material against bacterial wilt resistance in Bangladesh. Besides, no hybrid variety has been screened against bacterial wilt disease. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the performance of the hybrid variety against bacterial wilt disease.

Materials and Methods

The present study was carried out to find out the resistance against bacterial wilt of the 15 cross combinations/hybrids and six parents and screened them to find out suitable cross combination of inbred lines for developing hybrid variety with high yield and wilting resistant. The materials required and methodology are described below under the following sub-heading.

Experimental site

The present experiment was conducted at the Plant Pathology lab and glass house of Plant Pathology Section of Horticulture Research Centre (HRC) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BAIR), Gazipur, Bangladesh during the period from September 2016-17.

Materials: Six parents and 15 cross combinations/hybrids total 21 eggplant genotypes were used in this experiment. The parents were selected not only based on high yield and other yield contributing characters and quality but also on the basis bacterial wilt resistant. Therefore, the selected parents exhibited some degrees of resistant and the main objective of the experiment was to find out how the intensity of resistance turns to the hybrids form the parents.

Seeding production: Seeds of the parents and cross combinations were sown in steel tray containing sterilized soils mixture (soil: sand: compost) in the ratio of 3: 2: 1 on 1st September 2016. Before sowing, the seeds were treated with GA3 solution (100ppm) for 24 hours at room temperature for quick and uniform germination. Seedlings were germinated on trays with sterilized soils mixture for a period of ten days. Ten days after seed germination young seedlings were transferred to the individual plastic pot (9cm diameter) containing sterilized soil mixed with 50% organic matter (v/v).

Bacterial cultures, preparation of inoculum and stock cultures: Pure culture of R. solanacearum strain used in this study was isolated form wilted eggplant showing typical symptoms of bacterial wilt form the research field of Plant Pathology Section, HRC, BARI. The pathogen on isolation on triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TZC) agar medium [6] yielded grayish white, fluidal colonies with light pink centers. After purification, the isolate was characterized as race1 according to pathogenicity and host range [2], and biochemical test [4]. The identification of the isolates was also confirmed by Cock’s Postulate. All isolates were kept as stock culture in lyophilized form and in 5ml sterilized tap water kept at 15 ˚C. Before preparation of inoculum, the bacteria was streaked on TZC from the stock culture. The inoculum was prepared by culturing the virulent and fluidal colony of R. solanacearum on casamino acid-peptone-glucose (CPG) agar medium.

Experimental design

The plants of 15 cross combinations and six parents were arranged in the glass house following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications and ten plants were inoculated in each replication. Line to line and plant to plant distance were maintained 30cm and 25cm respectively. The plants were inoculated when they were approximately 35 days old (15 days after transplanting in plastic pot).

Inoculation: Suspension of R. solanacearum was prepared form the stock culture which was grown on CPG for 48 hours at 300C. A sterile toothpick was used to inoculate the bacterial suspension containing approximately 2.0  108cfu/ml (colony forming unit per milliliter) was inserted at the axil of 3rd fully expanded leaf of the plants. Plants were observed regularly for the initiation of symptoms of wilt, incubation period, 25% and 50% plant wilt (days after inoculation). After recording the 50% wilted plant data regularly, data recorded at seven days interval and final data recorded at 42 days after inoculation. The initiation of the first wilt-symptoms after inoculation and the number of wilted plants for each accession was recorded and graded on a 0-5 rating scale of Winstead & Kelman [5] with some modifications. The modified rating scale is;

0 = Plants did not show any symptoms of wilt; highly resistant (HR)

1 = 1 - 20% plants wilted; resistant (R)

2 = 21 - 40% plants wilted; moderately resistant (MR)

3 = 41 - 60% plants wilted; moderately susceptible (MS)

4 = 61 - 80% plants wilted; susceptible (S)

5 = more than 80% plants wilted; highly susceptible (HS)

The reaction of the hybrids and parents were categorized as highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible to highly susceptible, depending on the percentage of wilt of the plants. The incubation period, time taken to produce 25% and 50% wilt at days after inoculation (DAI) were also recorded. Final data on wilting (recorded at 42 DAI) were converted into percent wilt and the reaction of the genotypes was graded on a 0-5 rating scale according to Winstead & Kelman [5].

Results and Discussion

The reaction of the eggplant parents and hybrids against bacterial wilt shown in Table 1. It was revealed form the result reaction against bacterial wilt exhibited different degrees of variation. Among the 15 cross combinations, six hybrids showed resistant (R), seven hybrids showed moderately resistant (MR) and two hybrids showed moderately susceptible (MS) reaction against wilting. But in case of the parents three showed resistant (R) and three parents showed moderately susceptible (MS) reaction against wilting.

N.B. 4 = Uttara, 18 = Islampuri, 3 = BL083, 17 = BL081, 5 = BLS2, 14 = BL034

*0 = Plants did not show any symptoms of wilt, highly resistant (HR); 1 = 1 - 20% plants wilted, resistant (R); 2 = 21 - 40% plants wilted, moderately resistant (MR); 3 = 41 - 60% plants wilted, moderately susceptible (MS); 4 = 61 - 80% plants wilted, susceptible (S); 5 = more than 80% plants wilted; highly susceptible (HS).

Among the 15 hybrids six hybrids viz., F1 4x17, F1 4x5, F1 18x17, F1 3x17, F1 3x5, F1 17x5 showed resistant (R) reaction. The cross F1 3x17, F1 17x5 exhibited the lowest percent of wilt (10%) followed by F1 4x17 (16.67 %), F1 3x5 (13.33 %). The 20.00% wilting was observed form hybrids F1 4x5, F1 18x17. Seven hybrids showed moderately resistant (MR) reaction against bacterial wilt disease and the percent wilting plants ranged from 23.33 to 40.00%. The hybrids exhibited 23.33% wilting were F1 4x3, F1 18x5; 26.67% wilting observed form the hybrids F1 18x3, F1 17x14; 36.67% form F1 3x14, F1 5x14 and 40.00% from F1 4x18. Moderately susceptible (MS) reaction showed only by two hybrids they were F1 4x14 (43.33% wilting) and F1 18x14 (46.67% wilting).

In case of parents, three parents showed resistant (R) reaction viz. BL083 (20.00% wilting), BL081 (16.67% wilting) and BLS2 (16.67% wilting). Three parents exhibited moderately susceptible (MS) reaction they were Uttara (43.33% wilting), Islampuri (46.67% wilting) and BL034 (56.67% wilting). Rahman [9] reported from an experiment against bacterial wilt (R. solanacearum) that line BL081 showed resistant reaction while the genotypes BL099 showed moderately resistant reaction. Six genotype BL117, ISD011, ISD001, BLS18, BLS2 and Tarapuri (hybrid variety) were found moderately susceptible to bacterial wilt.

From the above discussion it was revealed that the hybrids along with the parents BL083, BL081 and BLS2 showed resistant to moderately resistant reaction against bacterial wilt and increased the resistant reaction against the disease intensity. All the hybrids performed better than the lower parent and mid parent and sometime better parent also. When the parent crossed with BL034 performance was not satisfactory. Among the 15 cross combinations the hybrids F1 3x17, F1 17x5, F1 4x17, F1 3x5, F1 4x5, F1 18x17 performed better and showed resistant reaction (R; wilting 0-20% plant) than other hybrids against bacterial wilt disease. Rashid et al. screened twenty-three local and exotic cultivars of eggplant and three wild relatives of the crop against bacterial wilt in the glass house. The wild relatives Sonalum mammosum was found resistant while the cultivar Dingaras Multiple Purple and Khakhatia long were found moderately resistant, the cultivars Nayankazal, Kahkhatia round, Tiwan naga, Nagasaki naga and Kurume naga were found moderately susceptible, while the rest of the cultivars as highly susceptible to bacterial wilt.

Mochizuki & Yamakawa [11] studied the resistant of selected eggplant cultivars and wild Solanum species to bacterial wilt. They reported that among eggplant cultivars tested “Dingras Multiple Purple” (from India) and “Aubergine” (form USA) showed higher resistant to bacterial wilt “Taiwan naga” one of the most resistant cultivars in Japan. Eggplant varieties No. 1 (from Malaysia) and “Sinampiro”, “Makiling” and “Mayon” (form the Philippines) showed resistance like that of “Tiwan naga”.

Incubation period ranges from 4 days to 12 days (Table 2). The lowest incubation period (4 days) was observed form the parent BL034 followed by Islampuri (5 days) and Uttara (6 days), hybrids F1 4x14 (6 days) and F1 18x14 (6 days). The highest days (12) for incubation was recorded for hybrids F1 4x17 and F1 17x5 followed by F1 3x17 (11 days), parent BL081 (11 days). Form the discussion it was revealed that moderately susceptible genotypes required fewer days (4 to 6 days) and moderately resistant to resistant genotypes required more days (7 to 12 days) for incubation.

N.B. 4 = Uttara, 18 = Islampuri, 3 = BL083, 17 = BL081, 5 = BLS2, 14 = BL034

*DAI = Days after inoculation.

Only parent BL034 exhibited 56.67% wilting and days after incubation was nine days. The rest of the other resistant, moderately resistant and moderately susceptible genotypes did not show 50% wilt even at 42 days after inoculation. Among the 15 cross combinations 13 hybrids did not show 25% wilting and among the six parents three parent did not 25% wilting at final data collection (42 DAI). Six hybrids exhibited 25% wilting within 8 to 12 days and three parents showed 25% wilting within 6 to 11 days.

Conclusion

Pure culture of R. solanacearum strain used in this study was isolated form wilted eggplant showing typical symptoms of bacterial wilt form the research field. Considering the reaction to Ralstonia solanacearum the six parents and 15 hybrids, six hybrids viz., F1 4x17, F1 4x5, F1 18x17, F1 3x17, F1 3x5, F1 17x5 showed resistant (R) reaction. The cross F1 3x17, F1 17x5 exhibited the lowest percent of wilt (10%) followed by F1 4x17 (16.67 %), F1 3x5 (13.33 %). In case of parents, three parents showed resistant (R) reaction viz. BL083 (20.00% wilting), BL081 (16.67% wilting) and BLS2 (16.67% wilting). Incubation period ranges from 4 days to 12 days (Table 2). The lowest incubation period (4 days) was observed form the parent BL034 followed by Islampuri (5 days) and Uttara (6 days), hybrids F1 4x14 (6 days) and F1 18x14 (6 days).

To know more about Journal of Agriculture Research- https://juniperpublishers.com/artoaj/index.php

To know more about open access journal publishers click on Juniper publishers

#Agriculture #Ecology #Agronomy #Juniper Publishers #Open Access Journal

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its-lifestyle · 5 years

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Mid-century modern architecture. Japanese shou sugi ban wood exteriors. Wall-to-wall block-print wallpaper. Shabby chic crystal chandeliers. These aren’t features in a Los Angeles home, but the kind of amenities in some of the US city’s more elaborate chicken coops.

In a town obsessed with design and indoor-outdoor living, it makes sense that pet owners want to keep their chickens in high-style comfort. In addition to giving them a chance to personalise their living spaces, urban homesteading offers a taste of pastoral life that’s elusive in a city of over four million.

As backyard fowl continue to make news in California after recent cases of Newcastle disease, it’s worth noting that tending chickens can be traumatic. Free-ranging can be deadly. Coyotes, raccoons, hawks and mountain lions will prey on hens. And extreme heat can overwhelm them because chickens don’t sweat.

Something as simple as an avocado can be fatal to chickens too. So why do urban homesteaders endure heartache, illness and loss? Because chickens are like any other pet: They make folks happy.

“It’s extraordinary to have chickens and fresh eggs, and engage with them,” says gardening consultant Lauri Kranz, author of A Garden Can Be Anywhere: Creating Bountiful And Beautiful Edible Gardens.

“I love visiting clients with chickens. They’re so happy to see me, but I always have a serious talk with clients who want them. When you raise chickens, you’re engaging with the natural world in a whole different way. No matter how well your coop is built, it still runs the risk of predators,” says Kranz.

“They’re more than cute, sweet and fun. It’s a huge responsibility,” she says. So, here are six urban homesteaders and how they personalised their coops in budgets from US$750 (RM3,140) to US$14,000 (RM58,640).

Mid-century Modern

Ellen Marie Bennett and “the ladies” of Echo Park.

Inspired by the clean lines of mid-century modern architecture, Casey Caplowe and Ellen Marie Bennett wanted a coop that would complement the lines of their home in Echo Park. “We wanted an Eames-inspired coop,” says Bennett, founder of the culinary goods brand Hedley & Bennett.

In a nod to the 1950s, Caplowe, co-founder of Good magazine, built a slant-roof coop and painted it a vibrant yellow. The colour palette augments the home’s animated interior, highlighted by a yellow Bertazzoni range, aquamarine heath tile and an orange sliding barn door.

At the bottom of a terraced yard filled with drought-tolerant plants, edibles and decomposed granite pathways, the midcentury-style hen house is home to a group of silkies that Bennett refers to as “the ladies”.

Olive Oil is the sole survivor of a flock that died during a heat wave in 2018. She now chooses to live in a backyard tree, visiting the coop for meals when not socialising with Oliver, the family’s 90kg pig, on the upper deck.

“Olive Oil has laid eggs in his pig hut,” says Bennett, a former chef. “I like the idea that when people come over, they can go outside and enjoy the ladies. It’s fun to show people where their food comes from.”

Urban modern

Irwin Miller’s coop befits its Bel Air address.

As a design director at Gensler, the largest architectural firm in the US, Irwin Miller has overseen everything from Eataly marketplace in Century City to TV producer Shonda Rhimes’ new office across from Paramount Studios in Hollywood.

So, it’s not surprising that Miller’s coop is a distinctive structure on a property steeped in Hollywood lore (Apocalypse Now screenwriter John Milius lived here). The lush compound at Beverly Crest is home to several small structures: a 84sqm main house, a 37sqm studio, a detached “man cave” for Miller’s two sons, and a “she shed” for wife Heidi.

Miller built the coop in an enclosed patio underneath an enormous grapefruit tree. The emerald green coop has a mathematical sensibility, incorporating a triangle theme that continues throughout the compound’s dwellings.

At night, the family can sit outside and enjoy the four silver-laced cochins, their sweet labrador Olive, and a nearby hot tub. A surplus of vines keeps the coop cool, and a motorised door that Miller detailed with red and green stripes opens and closes automatically when the family isn’t around.

Miller also hung a sparkling, shabby chic-style chandelier from the centre of the coop. “The crystal is a nice touch,” he says with a wink. “It exudes good energy.”

Farmhouse

Kate Richards with Princess Vespa.

For Kate Richards, whose Drinking With Chickens website encourages readers to interact with their birds while enjoying a “garden-to-glass” cocktail, living well means ending the day outdoors with husband Jonathon Ragsdale, their 10 fowls, and a lavender-infused tequila sunrise on their Sierra Madre property.

In eight years of keeping the flock, Richards has designed seven coops. Her latest, a fully insulated enclosure she built with Ragsdale and her father Rich Richards, is stylishly decorated with planters, pink and coral painted stripes, and vinyl peel-and-stick botanical block-print wallpaper.

The wallpaper (by Sarah Treu for Spoonflower) may seem extravagant, but Kate says it “camouflages poop on the wall and is easy to wipe down”.

She originally wanted her hens – which average 10 eggs a day – to roam free, but after they foraged everything in her yard, she installed the coop in a 4.5m by 7.6m enclosed garden at the back of her property.

There, they can exercise in a run made of pressure-treated wood, while vines and shrubs protect them from hawks and owls. The run rests on 30cm-deep permeable pebbles, so Kate can sweep and hose the path when necessary. Meanwhile, a comfortable seating area, outfitted with lounge chairs and custom iron wine-glass holders, and an adjacent cocktail bar provide ample room for guests and entertaining.

“It’s very tranquil out here,” says Kate, whose book Drinking With Chickens is due in 2020. “Chickens are funny and entertaining creatures. They’re filled with joy. All I’m doing is encouraging people to take a moment to enjoy them.”

Bohemian

Trish and Roe Sie have an AC installed for their fowls.

Since launching their homesteading store, the King’s Roost, five years ago in Silver Lake, Trish and Roe Sie have offered goods and classes suited to LA’s DIY culture. So when it was time for their own coop, they got a Western red cedar roll-top walk-in structure from Urban Coop (starting at US$4,700/RM19,700).

Designed for 20 chickens, the coop arrived in 12 flats and took them a week to assemble on their Los Feliz property. They also personalised it with framed photos of roosters above the roost area, along with an image of a lone hen.

When the temperature hit 40.5°C last summer, they added a generator and an AC unit. Flowering trumpet vines, which shade the roof, also help cool the coop. The couple judiciously prune the vines, which are poisonous.

“Trish is the rooster,” Roe adds with a laugh. “She’s the only person I’ve ever known who has had a flock of chickens name her.”

Outside the door to the coop, a wooden dust bath filled with clean ash wards off parasites. And when a neighbour greets the family over the fence, Trish emphasises the need to be respectful of their community.

“We make sure our neighbours are OK,” says Trish, director of the film Pitch Perfect 3 and the forthcoming The Sleepover. “We’re tidy. We share our eggs. We made sure the coop is the legal limit from the house.”

Abundant seating and electrical outlets allow the family to work outdoors and be near their pets. Ruby, their Rhode Island Red, even watches casting tapes with Trish. “The worst thing about travelling for work is not being with them and my family,” says Trish. “I’ve thought about having them as companion pets.”

Minimalist

Alison Hersel with her kids (Abby, Nellie and Nathan).

At Plumcot Farm, Alison Hersel’s 2.8ha property in Malibu, everything is small batch, from the honey to the more than 100 types of edible medicinal crops she’s grown on the organic farm. She added chickens five years ago because she wanted to demonstrate regenerative farming to her three kids in a hands-on way.

The 9.3sqm wooden coop is a large, minimal structure that provides the chickens room to roam while allowing Hersel the chance to share information with the public. “Recently, in a cooking class, one of the kids cracked a fertilised egg,” Hersel says. “Chickens prompt you to have conversations about the cycle of life.”

The structure is lined with 1.6 sq cm chicken wire that goes down almost 1m deep and surrounds the perimeter. The coop also features an interior space for egg boxes, and an exterior where the birds can meander in a protected environment (Hersel allows them to free-range outside the coop under supervision).

Shou Sugi Ban

Meeno Peluce, Ilse Ackerman, daughter Mette Peluce and chicken Maeve.

When Ilse Ackermann describes herself as a “chicken consultant to the stars”, her tone is tongue-in-cheek. But she has the non-disclosure agreements to prove it.

Her job, which involves 24-hour “fowl consultations” for anxious clients with broody birds, stems from her years living on Skyfarm, an urban farm in Lincoln Heights which she shares with her husband, photographer Meeno Peluce, their two daughters and 25 animals.

She may design custom coops for Hollywood’s A-list, but her own is more modest, built of inexpensive wood and a galvanised roof from Home Depot that she estimates around US$1,000 (RM4,195). By contrast, the coop’s black charred exterior stands out in an orchard filled with colourful plants and edibles.

“Shou sugi ban style is super chic and you don’t have to do anything to it,” Ackermann says of the ancient Japanese technique. “It’s great because it’s bug- and weather-resistant.” – Los Angeles Times/Tribune News Service

from Family – Star2.com https://ift.tt/2BtLg5S

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gethealthy18-blog · 5 years

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24 Most Expensive Handbags In The World – 2019

New Post has been published on http://healingawerness.com/getting-healthy/getting-healthy-women/24-most-expensive-handbags-in-the-world-2019/

24 Most Expensive Handbags In The World – 2019

Nooraine Hyderabd040-395603080 August 28, 2019

A woman can never have enough bags. Most days, a bagis the only accessory you need to glam up your outfit. But hold on, we are not just talking about your regular, basic handbags.

We are talking about some of the most exquisite, luxurious handbags out there in the world. Are you ready to fill your senses with some of the most exotic and decadent handbags from the biggest brands in the history of fashion?

Let’s take a look at some of the rarest, most expensive, luxury designer handbags in the world that have caught our eye.

24 Most Expensive Handbags In The World

1. Mouawad 1001 Nights Diamond Bag

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This bag drew its inspiration from a few of the most epic romance tales in the world. This magnificent beauty contains 4,517 diamonds. To be precise, 105 yellow, 56 pink, and 4,365 colorless diamonds with a total weight of 381.92 carats.

A group of 10 highly skilled artisans sat together for about 8,800 hours to create this stunning bag. The Guinness Book of World Records certified this bag as the most expensive and valuable handbag in the world. The Mouawad 1001 Nights Diamond Bag was designed by the world-famous jeweler, Robert Mouawad at a whopping price of $3.8 million.

2. Hermès Kelly Rose Gold

This luxury handbag is designed by none other than the iconic fashion house, Hermès, in collaboration with designer and jeweler, Pierre Hardy. This stunning detailed handbag mimics crocodile leather, and every ounce of it is made with solid rose gold. The Hermès Kelly Rose Gold contains around 1,160 diamonds.

Only 12 of these handbags are made, and they come in three varieties. The size of the bag is pretty small, and it might be difficult to even keep a pair of sunglasses in it. The net worth of this designer bag is $2 million.

3. Hermès Birkin Ginza Tanaka Bag

Hermès is one of the world’s most luxurious brands in the world. They never fail to make their mark with the kind of stunning, artistic, yet luxury pieces they create. The Hermès Birkin Ginza Tanaka Bag is strikingly unique, and no one has seen another of its kind. It is a limited-edition bag that is designed and crafted from scratch by Japanese designer, Ginza Tanaka.

It is made entirely out of platinum. This luxury handbag is encrusted with 2,000 shimmering diamonds. The bag can also be used as a clutch for style and convenience. It is worth $1.9 million.

4. Lana Marks Cleopatra Clutch

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The Cleopatra Clutch was originally designed for A-list celebrities attending the Academy Awards. It was designed by a small highly skilled group of artisans in Northern Italy. The bag is adorned with beautiful rare gems, such as natural pink diamonds, blue diamonds, and other precious stones.

Its beauty lies in the details. The gems have been cut to perfection and placed perfectly to look nothing but stunning. This luxurious designer handbag costs$ 400,000.

5. Niloticus Crocodile Himalaya Birkin

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The exotic Hermès Himalaya Birkin Bag is the holy grail of handbags. This handbag is considered to be one among the rarest in the world. This is all due to the unique blend of design with superlative fabric materials.

The Niloticus Crocodile Himalaya Birkin bag has a gradation that strongly resembles the majestic and gorgeous snow-capped Himalayas. This designer handbag is the ultimate expression of artistry that costs £379,000.

6. Fuchsia Diamond Studded HermèsBirkin

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Hermès Birkin bags seem to be competing with the perfection that they define themselves with. This fuchsia bag sparkles as soon as you lay your eyes on it. This designer bag is crafted with18-karat white gold and diamonds.

This handbag is so stunning and beautiful, and the white gold and the shimmer just prep it up all the more. The Fuchsia Diamond Studded Hermès bag is priced at HK$1.72 million.

7. Hermès Exceptional Collection Shiny Rogue H Porosus Crocodile 30cm Birkin Bag

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This handbag is yet another phenomenal creation of Hermès and is among the priciest handbags humankind has ever seen. The official name of this designer masterpiece, Hermès Exceptional Collection Shiny Rouge H Porosus Crocodile 30cm Birkin bag, says it all.

It is all things luxurious and everything that makes us hustle harder to dream of owning these designer classics. The red beauty stands out in the crowd and attracts and demands attention. It is priced at $203,150.

8. Blue Crocodile Hermès Birkin Bag

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This blue crocodile Hermès bag is downright exotic. The color of the blue is just perfection. It has become one of the world’s most famous and most luxurious designer handbags that women swear by.

This Blue Crocodile Hermès Birkin bag is among the top 10 pricey luxury handbags in the world, priced at a whopping £150,000.

9. Urban Satchel Louis Vuitton Bag

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The Urban Satchel Louis Vuitton Bag is one of the most expensive LV bags that has ironically been drowning in controversies. Let’s be real. This bag is not something anyone could flaunt.

It has an unusual style of wrappers and trash attached to it. But the idea behind this invention is what kept the bag going, i.e., the urban lifestyle. The bag is priced at ￡125,000.

10. Leiber Precious Rose

It is a matter of fact that this designer artistic handbag is still one of the most expensive bags. The Leiber Precious Rose is the only one of its kind, making it all the more unique.

This creation has 1,106 diamonds, 1,169 sapphires, and 800 tourmalines that make it one among the world’s priciest accessories. The Leiber Precious Rose is priced at $92,000.

11. Fendi Selleria Bag

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Something about this brand gives us a feeling of awe and wonder. Its bright colors, intricate details, and even the exquisite fabric are all that the bag stands for. It all feels so specially crafted, just for you.

The Fendi Selleria Bag is no different, yet at the same time, very different. Its unique craftsmanship and attention to detail make it stand out as a classic must-have designer handbag. It is priced at $38,000.

12. Gadino Bag By Hilde Palladino

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The Gadino Bag by Hilde Palladino at first seems to be very ordinary and nothing different. But if you look closely, you’d notice the array of white diamonds placed in its clasps. The white diamonds and the white gold is all that makes this designer bag expensive. The price of this bag is$38,470.

13. Hermès Alligator Constance

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The timeless Hermès Alligator Constance is made from exotic alligator skin. This very factor makes it exciting, appealing, and also very rich. The palladium hardware accentuates this Constance bag, thus giving it a timeless appeal. It measures up to 18cm and is priced at $13,200.

14. The Row Margaux Alligator Top Handle Bag

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The Row Margaux Alligator Top Handle bag is fancy in its unique way. It has a structured top handle made with alligator skin that encompasses an interior shoulder strap and side panels. Its interiors are spacious and have toggle closure. This bag looks super fashionable and is priced at ￡41,400,00.

15. Moreau Paris Diligence Crocodile Satchel

The Moreau Pairs Diligence Crocodile Satchel features a large slip pocket and two small side pockets. The handles are covered with crocodile skin, making the look of the bag impressive. This designer handbag is made in France, and its price is $44,000.

16. Gucci Zumi Crocodile Medium Top Handle Bag

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This bag was introduced in the evocative theater setting. The Gucci Zumi Crocodile Medium Top Handle Bag has three interior gussets with a centered zip compartment. Its green color gives it a bold look as the leather enhances its appeal. This designer Gucci handbag is made in Italy and costs AU$ 48,800.

17. Thom Browne 3-Strap Small Crocodile Leather Bag

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The Thom Browne 3-Strap Crocodile Leather Bag is a small black shoulder bag with three varied leather straps made out of crocodile skin. It has a small top handle that looks very chic. The price of this designer handbag is $19,890.

18. Chanel Alligator Classic Jumbo Double Flap Bag

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The Chanel Alligator Classic Jumbo Double Flap Bag is made of authentic alligator skin. It is accentuated with gold-toned signature turnkey and chain-link strap. The strap has been designed in such a way that it would look good if you use one chain or both. It also has a rear slip pocket that makes the bag look very urban. The bag is priced at $28, 250.

19. Chanel Pearl Lego Brick Clutch

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This stunning Chanel clutch is crafted smoothly with solid black plexiglass and decorative blocks. The exterior features of this designer bag have pearl embellishments and a Boy CC push-button clasp feature.

The long pearl shoulder strap is crossbody length. The inside of the bag is leathered with a zipper pocket that makes it stylish and classy. This Chanel bag costs $12,000.

20. Tom Ford Tara Small T Clasp Alligator Shoulder Bag

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Tom Ford is one of the most renowned designers of his era. The Tom Ford Tara Small T Clasp Alligator Shoulder Bag completely redefines luxury for the 21st century. Its beauty lies in the fabric used. This designer shoulder bag costs $15,500.

21. Stalvey Top-Handle 2.5 Small Alligator Satchel

The Stalvey Top-Handle 2.5 Small Alligator Satchel is made in the US with polished palladium hardware. The logo has intricate detailing and decorative edges. This designer bag is lined with black lambskin with pockets at the interior. The Stalvey handbag is priced at $13,000.

22. Bottega Veneta Soft Crocodile Loop Hobo Bag

The Bottega Veneta Soft Crocodile Loop Hobo Bag is a bag that’s got all of our attention. Its sturdy crocodile fabric in such a feminine color has women going gaga over it. This Bottega Veneta designer handbag costs $23,500.

23. Oscar De La Renta

Box bags are super smart and trendy. They speak volumes of the urban culture in 2019. This designer piece by Oscar De La Renta is drop-dead stunning. It is small and compact yet makes a statement. The bag costs $9,990.

24. Chanel Diamond Forever Handbag

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Chanel’s Diamond Forever Bag is all things classy, simple, and elegant. The handbag is iconic as it is made of fine crocodile leather encrypted with 334 diamonds in pure white gold and weighs 3.56 carats.

The straps are fancy and exquisite and made out of an 18-carat gold chain that can be detached from the bag. The stunning bold Chanel logo stands out at the buckle. This designer beauty handbag is priced $261,000.

Thiswas a list of the world’s most expensive handbags. Weren’t they stunning? We love each one of them for their unique designs and hope you do too. Let us know which one of these luxury designer handbags caught your fancy in the comments below.

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Source: https://www.stylecraze.com/articles/most-expensive-bags/

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whatkindofwatch · 5 years

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Water Resistant vs Waterproof Watches – Is there a difference?

The terms “water resistant” and “waterproof” get thrown around a lot in the watch world. But what do they actually mean and is there a difference?

Let’s start with a little mythbusting.

“Waterproof watch” is an oxymoron

Let’s start by just removing “waterproof” from our vocabulary. It’s misleading at best and downright dangerous at worst. Waterproof implies that water cannot enter the watch. This is false. All watches will inevitably give in under enough pressure and let water in.

It doesn’t matter if it’s a Rolex Submariner or another well engineered timepiece made specifically for diving, all watches have their limitations as we can’t avoid the general laws of physics.

Waterproof is just marketing jargon

There is no meaning behind the usage of “waterproof”. If you see a watch manufacturer still using this term, it’s time to become suspicious of their marketing material and potentially question the quality of the watch itself. Don’t be fooled by marketing gimmicks.

Most watch manufacturers selling into English speaking countries switched from using waterproof to water resistant many years ago (around 1970). This was partly due to the misleading nature of the term “waterproof”. Consumer protection legislation in these countries would probably have an issue with the term waterproof too – as it could easily be argued a watch marketed as “water proof” would not be fit for purpose if any water did get inside.

Water resistant is now the standard

Most watch manufacturers have now abandoned waterproof for the more accurate term “water resistant”. This term actually has meaning, as watches claiming to be water resistant to a certain depth need to comply with specific testing of international standards. There are two different standards commonly used by watch manufacturers;

ISO 2281 – Basic standard for watch water resistance

ISO 2281 (now superseded by ISO 22810) is the standard manufacturers need to comply with if they want to legally claim their watch is water resistant. The compliance process is thorough, including tests for the following:

Water resistance: Watch is placed in 10cm of water for 1 hour .

Moving parts resistance: Buttons are pressed in 10cm of water for 10 mins.

Condensation: Watch is heated between 40 °C and 45 °C and a drop of water placed on the glass.

Temperature: Watch is placed in water of varying temperatures (40 °C to 20 °C and back to 40 °C)

Pressure: Watch is placed in vessel at pressure of rating for 10 mins.

ISO 6425 divers’ watches standard

Dive watches are regulated by a more comprehensive standard, the ISO 6425. This standard applies to watches rated at 100m or more water resistance. A big difference in the testing procedure is that each watch certified to ISO 6425 must be tested, not just randomised testing like the ISO 2281. This introduces a significant cost burden to the manufacturers which is ultimately passed onto the consumer. This has resulted in not all manufacturers opting to certify diving watches to ISO 6425.

Tests for ISO 6425 divers’ watch are significantly more thorough than the general 2281. These tests include:

Under water reliability Watch is placed in 30cm of water for 50 hours between 18°C to 25°C.

Crowns and buttons: Watch is placed under 125% of rated pressure for 10 mins and the crown and buttons are pressed.

Condensation: Watch is heated between 40 °C and 45 °C and a drop of water placed on the glass. Condensation tests are applied before and after the above two tests (Reliability + Crowns and Buttons)

Thermal shock: Watch is placed in 30cm of water for 10 mins of varying temperatures (40°C to 5°C and back to 40°C)

Pressure: Watch is placed in vessel at 125% of pressure rating for for 2 hours. Pressure reduced by 0.3bar and held for 1 hour.

In addition to the above, there are more requirements for mechanical watches covering bezel operation and visibility, readability at 25m, luminosity in total darkness, magnetic resistance, shock resistance, salt water resistance and strap durability. Mixed-gas diving watches also have special provisions.

It’s important to recognise the limitations of these lab tests on real-world diving conditions. Tests done under controlled lab environments face very different challenges when released into the wild world of diving where the watch will be truly tested.

Water resistance classifications – what the rating really means

Think you can go diving with your 50m water resistance watch? Think again. You’ll destroy your watch. The following table shows what each water resistance rating really means:

Water resistance FAQs

Water resistance can be a tricky subject, so we’ve pulled together the following FAQs.

Can I shower with my watch?

You may have noticed that we didn’t recommend showering as an activity for any watch, regardless of its resistance rating. This is because we don’t recommend showering with any watch as it will shorten its lifespan. Water, soap, shampoo and steam are natural enemies of internal watch components.

What stops water from entering my watch?

Rubber seals and gaskets provide the main barrier for water entering a watch. These do get dry over time and can stop providing an effective seal. We generally recommend having your seals checked and lubricated once every year for peace of mind.

Can I push the buttons under water?

Generally, no. Each button requires another seal, introducing another point of failure where water can enter. Using these buttons underwater will significantly increase the chance of failure. This is especially true of chronograph watches as they have more buttons/points of weakness.

There’s fog inside my watch. Is my watch doomed?

Not necessarily. Condensation generally forms when moving from a cold temperature to a warmer temperature. Water creeps in via air particles when it’s cold, and then liquify when it warms up. If it’s just a few little drops, it may very well go away on its own in few days, but it’s still worth getting your seals checked.

Does age matter?

Absolutely. The older the watch, the greater the chance a seal is weak. Please don’t go diving with a vintage watch you haven’t had checked in a few years. This is likely to end in tears.

What do bar and atmosphere mean?

These are direct measures of pressure used by the watch industry. Bar and atmosphere (atm) are interchangeable.

Can I get my leather strap wet?

Nope. Don’t do this. Leather will stretch and warp when subjected to water, soap and other liquids. If you do get some water on it wipe it off – and don’t stress too much. Just don’t go swimming or showering with it.

Have any other water related watch questions? Please let us know in the comments below and we’ll answer them.

The post Water Resistant vs Waterproof Watches – Is there a difference? appeared first on What Kind of Watch.

from What Kind of Watch https://whatkindofwatch.com/water-resistant-vs-waterproof/

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samanthasroberts · 6 years

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Warnings as flood risk remains

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Media captionProperties were evacuated and roads flooded in Kent

Motorists are being warned not to drive through flood water after thunderstorms and torrential rain brought parts of Kent and London to a standstill.

The Environment Agency has said further rainfall over the next few days could lead to more localised flooding.

The warning comes after south-east England received a month’s worth of rain in a few hours on Tuesday.

Some roads remain closed due to the flooding, fallen trees and sewage overflow.

Image copyright Dean Howard

Image caption Flooding in Coulton Avenue, Northfleet

A spokesman for the Environment Agency said: “We remind people not to drive through flood water as just 30cm can move your car, and to check our active alerts and warnings – which are updated every 15 minutes – online.

“Our teams remain out on the ground, checking and operating defences and we are ready to support local authorities in responding to surface-water flooding.”

Image copyright Simon Moores

Image caption Stretches of the M2 were closed to due the flooding

London Fire Brigade confirmed it received more than 100 flood-related calls on Tuesday.

Some train services were cancelled as railway lines were submerged and a number of flights from Gatwick Airport were also affected.

Image copyright Kent Highways

Image caption Traffic was unable to switch between the M2 and M20 after a stretch of the A249 at Stockbury was closed

Almost the entire May average of 50mm (2in) of rain fell in a matter of hours.

A spokesman for Kent Highways said teams were still out working to clear floodwater from roads on Wednesday.

The worst problems were in Maidstone, Gravesham and Swale, in the north-east of the county.

Helen Whately, MP for Faversham and Mid Kent, was among those whose homes were flooded.

She tweeted: “Now the clear up begins. If you’re waiting for a letter from me and it’s a bit delayed, I am sorry! #flooding.”

Image copyright Helen Whately

Image caption Helen Whately tweeted the clear up was getting under way

Stretches of the M2 – a key route from London towards the Kent coast – were also closed while members of the emergency services and Highways England cleared flood water from the carriageways.

London was also badly hit with about 30 houses flooded by up to 25in (64cm) of water in Erith, south-east London.

Four people were also rescued from their cars in Stratford, in the east of the city.

Two fires in north and west London, believed to have been caused by lightning, were among more than 100 calls the fire service received during the day.

BBC weather presenter Nina Ridge said there “could still be heavy, thundery downpours in the morning and for the next few days.”

Image copyright Lisa Bishop

Image caption The cellar of the Three Daws pub in Gravesend flooded

The Three Daws riverside pub at Gravesend was hit for the second time in three days.

Manager Lisa Bishop said flood defences were breached.

“My cellar is still underwater and I’m waiting for Southern Water to bring a pump to pump it out,” she said.

“At least 20 barrels of beer are bobbing about.”

Image caption Judith White and her budgie had to be evacuated from their home in Chatham

In Chatham in Kent, Judith White and her budgie had to move out of her house after flooding.

“Being on my own and not in the best of health, it’s very scary. The worst thing is I’ve no insurance,” she said.

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