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İsimlerini Bilmeniz Gereken 46 Ateist ve Nonteist Felsefeci
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Ateist din felsefesiyle 10 yıldan uzun süredir ilgilenen biri olarak bu konudaki eksikliğin doldurulması için 46 ateist/nonteist felsefeciyi kısaca tanıtmak istiyorum. Burada ismini andığım felsefecilerin kimileri analitik din felsefesinin bir alan olarak kurulmasında önemli yer tutan meşhur felsefecilerken, kimileri din felsefesi hakkında az sayıda ancak önemli olduğunu düşündüğüm çalışmalara sahip olan pek bilinmeyen felsefeciler. Yine bu listedeki bazı felsefeciler akademik eserlerinden ziyade blogları ve yaptıkları tartışmalarla tanınmaktalar. Ancak bu felsefecilerin bazılarının teizm-ateizm tartışmasının ilerlemesine önemli katkıları olduğunu düşündüğüm için onları da listeye dahil etmeyi uygun buldum. Elbette her liste gibi bu liste de eksik. Bu nedenle bu listeyi genişletmeye devam edeceğim.
1. Adolf Grünbaum
            Grünbaum, Pittsburgh Üniversitesi’nde görev yapan bir felsefe profesörüydü. Bilim Felsefesi ve özellikle Fizik Felsefesi hakkındaki çalışmalarıyla ünlüdür. Psikanalizin en meşhur eleştirmenlerinden biri olmakla beraber görelilik kuramının yorumlanması ve uzay-zamanla ilgili felsefi problemler hakkında da çığır açan çalışmaları vardır. Din felsefesi hakkındaki çalışmaları özellikle modern kozmolojinin verilerine başvuran kozmolojik/teleolojik argümanlara ve teistik ahlaka yaptığı eleştirilerden oluşmaktadır. Grünbaum’un ana iddiası kozmolojinin teistler tarafından  yanlış bir şekilde kullanıldığı ve bir anlamda istismar edildiğidir.
Önemli Eserleri: The Pseudo-Problem of Creation in Current Physical Cosmology (1991), Creation As a Pseudo-Explanation in Current Physical Cosmology (1991), Creation As a Pseudo-Explanation in Current Physical Cosmology (1991), Narlikar’s ‘Creation’ of the Big Bang Universe Was a Mere Origination (1993), Some comments on William Lane Craig’s “Creation and Big Bang Cosmology” (1994), The Poverty of Theistic Morality (1995), Theological Misinterpretations of Current Physical Cosmology (1998).
2. Alex Malpass
            Malpass; Bristol Üniversitesi’nde zaman felsefesi, fizik felsefesi, ve felsefi mantıkla ilgilenen bir felsefecidir. Aynı zamanda din felsefesi hakkında yazdığı blogu Use of Reason, Youtube kanalı Thoughtology ve internet üzerinden yaptığı tartışmalarla bilinir. Özellikle Hassas Ayar, Kelam Kozmolojik Argümanı, Presuppositional Apologetics gibi argümanları/yaklaşımları ve Molinizm’i eleştirmektedir. Ayrıca meşhur din felsefecileriyle yaptığı röportajlar da önemlidir. Malpass’ın tartışmalarda hem argümanlarıyla hem de üslubuyla teistlerin saygısını da kazandığı söylenebilir.
Önemli Eserleri: Kozmolog Luke Barnes ile Capturing Christianity kanalında hassas ayar hakkında yaptığı tartışma, Presuppositional Apologetics hakkında organize ettiği panel formatındaki diyalog, Unbelievable?’da Kelam Kozmolojik Argüman’ı geliştiren Andrew Loke ile bu argüman hakkında yaptığı tartışma, Matt Dillahunty ile diyalogları.
3. Andrea Weisberger
Weisberger, Kuzey Florida Üniversitesi’nde çalışmalarını sürdürmekte olan bir felsefecidir. Özellikle kötülük problemiyle ilgili çalışmalarıyla bilinir. Alvin Plantinga ve Clement Dore gibi din felsefecilerinin kötülük problemine getirdiği çözümleri eleştirmiştir. Diğer ilgi alanları arasında uygulamalı ve teorik etik, hayvan hakları, çevre sorunları, Asya Dinleri/Felsefesi ve karşılaştırmalı dinler bulunmaktadır.
Önemli Eserleri: Depravity, Divine Responsibility and Moral Evil: A Critique of a New Free Will Defence (1995), The Pollution Solution: A Critique of Dore’s Response to the Argument from Evil (1997), Suffering Belief: Evil and the Anglo-American Defense of Theism (1999), The Problem of Evil (2006).
4. Andrew Melnyk
            Melnyk, Missouri Üniversitesi’nde çalışmalarını sürdürmekte olan bir felsefecidir. Esas alanı din felsefesi olmayan Melnyk’in bu konuda yaptığı bir tartışma bulunmaktadır. Melnyk daha çok fizikalizmin önde gelen savunucularından biri olmasıyla tanınmaktadır. ‘Gerçekleme Fizikalizmi’ (Realization Physicalism) adıyla bilinen yaklaşımı savunmaktadır. Genel olarak fizikalizmin tanımı, türleri, ve gerekçelendirilmesi üzerine çalışmaktadır.
Önemli Eserleri: Formulating Physicalism: Two Suggestions (1995), How to Keep the ‘Physical’ in Physicalism (1999), Physicalism Unfalsified: Chalmers’ Inconclusive Argument for Dualism (2001), Some Evidence for Physicalism (2003), A Physicalist Manifesto: Thoroughly Modern Materialism (2003), Rea on Naturalism (2004), Realization and the Formulation of Physicalism (2006), Naturalism, Free Choices, And Conscious Experiences (2007), Physicalism and the First-Person Point of View: A Reply To Taliaferro and Goetz (2007), A Case For Physicalism About The Human Mind (2007), Naturalism as a Philosophical Paradigm (2009), Grounding and the Formulation of Physicalism (2016), In Defense of a Realization Formulation of Physicalism (2018).
5. Anthony Kenny
            Sir Kenny, felsefe tarihi -özellikle Skolastik felsefe ve Aquinas, din felsefesi, zihin felsefesi ve Wittgenstein’ın felsefesi hakkındaki çalışmalarıyla tanınan Oxford Üniversitesi’nden bir felsefecidir. Sir Kenny’e Ludwig Wittgenstein’ın eserlerinin telif haklarına sahip olan kişiler tarafından bu eserleri çevirme/düzenleme yetkisi verilmiştir (literary executor). Kendisinin din felsefesi hakkında yaptıkları arasında Aquinas’ın beş yoluna yaptığı eleştiriler ve Tanrısal sıfatlarla ilgili öne sürdüğü argümanlar sayılabilir.
Önemli Eserleri: The Five Ways: St. Thomas Aquinas’ Proofs of God’s Existence (1969), The God of the Philosophers (1979), Aquinas (1980), What is Faith? Essays in the Philosophy of Religion (1992), The Unknown God: Agnostic Essays (2005).
6. Arnold Guminski
            Guminski, emekli bir felsefecidir. Din felsefesi, anayasa hukuku, kilisenin devletle ilişkisi gibi konularda uzmandır. Özellikle Kelam Kozmolojik Argümanı’nın sonsuzlukla ilgili alt argümanlarına yaptığı teknik eleştirilerle tanınmaktadır. Ayrıca teistik ahlak teorilerini ve modal ontolojik argümanı da eleştirmiştir.
Önemli Eserleri: The Kalam Cosmological Argument Yet Again: The Question of the Metaphysical Possibility of an Infinite Temporal Series (2003, güncellenmiş hali 2014), The Kalam Cosmological Argument: The Question of the Metaphysical Possibility of an Infinite Set of Real Entities (2003, güncellenmiş hali 2014), The Moral Argument for God’s Existence, the Natural Moral Law, and Conservative Metaphysical Naturalism (2004), The Kalam Cosmological Argument as Amended: The Question of the Metaphysical Possibility of an Infinite Temporal Series of Finite Duration (2004, güncellenmiş hali 2005), A Critical Examination of Mark R. Nowacki’s Novel Version of the Kalam Cosmological Argument (2008), The Scope and the Limits of the Church’s Inherent Coercive Power (2014), A Critique of the Plantinga Version of the Modal Ontological Argument (2016).
7. Bede Rundle
            Rundle dil felsefesi, zihin felsefesi, eylem felsefesi ve metafizik gibi alanlara önemli katkıları olan bir felsefecidir. Özellikle neden hiçlik yerine bir şeyler olduğu sorusuyla ilgili eseri, ve bu eserinde teizme ve teistik argümanlara getirdiği eleştirilerle bilinir.
Önemli Eserleri: Why There is Something Rather Than Nothing (2004)
8. Bradley Monton
            Monton, Wuhan Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. İlgilendiği alanlar arasında bilim felsefesi, fizik felsefesi, zaman felsefesi, ve din felsefesi vardır. Monton’ı ilginç kılan noktalardan biri akıllı tasarımı çeşitli eleştirilere karşı savunmasıdır. Bu konudaki kitabında Monton akıllı tasarımın ‘doğru’ olduğunu iddia etmez. Ancak akıllı tasarımın sınanabilir bilimsel bir hipotez olarak formüle edilebileceğini ve lehinde bir miktar delilin olduğunu iddia eder. Akıllı tasarımın bilimsel olmayan bir görüş olarak tartışmanın en başından yok sayılmak yerine ciddi bir bilimsel hipotez olarak tartışılması gerektiğini düşünür, her ne kadar akıllı tasarım diye bir şeyin muhtemelen olmadığını düşünse de. Monton’ın hassas ayar argümanı, Pascal’ın Kumarı, ve kötülük problemine karşı öne sürülen çoklu evren teodiseleriyle ilgili makaleleri vardır.
Önemli Eserleri: God, Fine-Tuning, and the Problem of Old Evidence (2006), Design Inferences in an Infinite Universe (2009), Seeking God in Science: An Atheist Defends Intelligent Design (2009), Against Multiverse Theodicies (2010), Prolegomena to Any Future Physics-Based Metaphysics (2011), Mixed Strategies Can’t Evade Pascal’s Wager (2011), Mixed Strategies, Uncountable Times, and Pascal’s Wager: a Reply to Robertson (2012), An Atheistic Defence of Christian Science (2013), God Acts in the Quantum World (2014), Atheistic Induction by Boltzmann Brains (2017).
9. Bruce Russell
            Russell, Wayne Devlet Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefecidir. İlgilendiği alanlar arasında epistemoloji, etik, din felsefesi, ve sinema felsefesi bulunmaktadır. Din felsefesi hakkındaki çalışmaları özellikle kötülük problemi üzerinedir.
Önemli Eserleri: The Ontological Argument (1985), The “Inductive” Argument From Evil: A Dialogue (1988), The Persistent Problem of Evil (1989), Defenseless (1996), God in Relation to Possible Worlds Scenarios: Comments on Rowe’s Can God Be Free? (2005), The Problem of Evil and Replies to Some Important Responses (2018).
10. Christine Overall
            Overall, Queen’s Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefecidir. Esas ilgi alanları feminist felsefe ve biyoetik olsa da din felsefesi konusunda da etkili olmuş çalışmaları vardır. Kendisi din felsefesinde özellikle mucizeler ve mistik tecrübe konusunda makaleleriyle tanınmaktadır.
Önemli Eserleri: The Nature of Mystical Experience (1982), Miracles as Evidence against the Existence of God (1985), Miracles and God: A Reply to Robert AH Larmer (1997), Miracles and Larmer (2003), Miracles, evidence, evil, and God: A twenty-year debate (2006).
11. Colin Howson
            Howson, Toronto Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. Özellikle bilim felsefesi, olasılık ve olasılık felsefesi konularında çalışan Howson’ın ateizmi savunduğu bir kitabı vardır. Howson kitabında bilincin ve ahlakın ateist bir açıklamasını vermenin yanı sıra Tanrı’nın var olamayacağını iddia eden bazı özgün argümanlar da öne sürmektedir.
Önemli Eserleri: Objecting to God (2011).
12. Cory Juhl
            Juhl, Texas Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefecidir. Çalışma alanları felsefi mantık, bilim felsefesi, zihin felsefesi ve bilim felsefesidir. Juhl’un din felsefesi hakkındaki çalışmalarını hassas ayar argümanını eleştirdiği makaleleri oluşturmaktadır.
Önemli Eserleri: Fine-tuning, Many Worlds, and the ‘Inverse Gambler’s Fallacy’ (2005), Fine-tuning is not Surprising (2006), Fine-tuning and Old Evidence (2007).
13. Erik Wielenberg
            Wielenberg, DePauw Üniversitesi’nde çalışmalarını sürdürmekte olan bir felsefecidir. Özellikle ahlak felsefesi ve din felsefesi hakkında çalışmaktadır. Ateizmin ahlakın objektifliği ve hayatın anlamlılığıyla bağdaştığını savunan kitapları ve makaleleriyle bilinmektedir. William Lane Craig’in ahlak argümanının ve İlahi Buyruk Teorisi’nin önde gelen eleştirmenlerinden biridir. Wielenberg aynı zamanda ‘Güçlü Normatif Realizm’ (Robust Normative Realism) adındaki metaetik pozisyonun en meşhur savunucuları arasındadır. William Lane Craig’le yaptığı bir tartışması ve kendisiyle yapılan çok sayıda röportaj bulunmaktadır.
Önemli Eserleri: Omnipotence Again (2000), How to be an Alethically Rational Naturalist (2002), A Morally Unsurpassable God Must Create the Best (2004), Value and Virtue in a Godless Universe (2005), God and the Reach of Reason: C.S. Lewis, David Hume, and Bertrand Russell (2007), In Defense of Non-Natural, Non-Theistic Moral Realism (2009), Dawkins’s Gambit,  Hume’s Aroma, and God’s Simplicity (2009), Skeptical Theism and Divine Lies (2010), An Inconsistency in Craig’s Defence of the Moral Argument (2012), Atheism and Morality (2013), Robust Ethics: The Metaphysics and Epistemology of Godless Normative Realism (2014), Divine Deception (2014), The Parent-Child Analogy and the Limits of Skeptical Theism (2015), Plantingian Theism and the Free-Will Defence (2016), Euthyphro and Moral Realism: A Reply to Harrison (2016), The Absurdity of Life in a Christian Universe as a Reason to Prefer that God Not Exist (2018), Divine Command Theory and Psychopathy (yayına hazırlanıyor).
14. Evan Fales
            Fales, Iowa Üniversitesi’nde çalışmalarını sürdürmekte olan bir felsefecidir. Başlıca çalışma alanları epistemoloji, metafizik, ve din felsefesidir. Tanrı-evren ilişkisi, Alvin Plantinga’nın dini epistemolojisi, Natüralizme Karşı Evrimsel Argüman ve kötülük problemi gibi konularda yazdığı makalelerle tanınır. Ancak özellikle dini tecrübe argümanına yaptığı eleştiriler dikkat çekicidir. Fales en üretken çağdaş ateist/natüralist filozoflardan biridir.
Önemli Eserleri: Antediluvian Theodicy: Stump on the Fall (1989), Should God Not Have Created Adam? (1992), Divine Freedom and the Choice of a World (1994), Scientific Explanations of Mystical Experiences, Part I: The Case of St Teresa (1996), Plantinga’s Case Against Naturalistic Epistemology (1996), Mystical Experience as Evidence (1996), Scientific Explanations of Mystical Experiences: II. The Challenge to Theism (1997), Divine Intervention (1997), Are the Gods Apolitical? (1999), Mystical Experience of God: A Philosophical Inquiry (2002), Alvin Plantinga’s Warranted Christian Belief (2003), Do Mystics See God? (2004), Despair, Optimism, and Rebellion (2007), Divine Intervention: Metaphysical and Epistemological Puzzles (2009), Darwin’s Doubt, Calvin’s Calvary (2009), Divine Commands and Moral Obligation (2010), Is Middle Knowledge Possible? Almost (2011), Is a Science of the Supernatural Possible? (2013).
15. Felipe Leon
            Leon, çalışmalarını El Camino Üniversitesi’nde sürdürmekte olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. İlgi alanları özellikle metafelsefe (modal epistemoloji ve düşünce deneyleri), epistemoloji, ve din felsefesidir. Ayrıca metafizik, zihin felsefesi ve metaetikle de ilgilenmektedir. Leon’un din felsefesiyle ilgili konulara odaklanan blogu Ex-Apologist oldukça önemli bir kaynaktır. Bu blogda Leon din felsefesiyle ilgili yeni çıkan önemli makaleler ve kitaplarla ilgili haberleri paylaşmasının yanı sıra geliştirmekte olduğu argümanlardan da bahsetmektedir. Joshua Rasmussen’le ortaklaşa yazdıkları tartışma formatında bir kitabı vardır. Oppy ve Koperski’nin derlediği Theism and Atheism kitabında da önemli makaleleri bulunmaktadır.
Önemli Eserleri: Moreland on the Impossibility of Traversing the Infinite: A Critique (2011), Is God the Best Explanation of Things?: A Dialogue (2019), Causation and Sufficient Reason (Atheism) (2019), A Priori (Atheism) (2019) Review of James P. Sterba, Is a Good God Logically Possible? (yayına hazırlanıyor).
16. Graham Oppy
            Yaşayan en önemli ateist din felsefecilerinden biri olan Oppy, Monash Üniversitesi’nde çalışmalarını sürdürmekte olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. Oppy ontolojik argümanlar hakkında uzman olmasının yanı sıra teistik argümanların en güçlü eleştirmenlerinden biridir. Kozmolojik Argümanlar, Pascal’ın Kumarı, Bilinç Argümanı, Kötülük Problemi, Tanrısal Sıfatlar, Ahlak Argümanı, Evrenin Natüralistik Açıklamaları ve daha pek çok konuda yazdığı makale ve kitapları vardır. ‘Korkutucu derecede zeki olduğu’ ve ironik bir şekilde ‘teistlerin kalbine tanrısızlık korkusu verdiği’ teistler tarafından dahi kabul gören bir din felsefecisidir. Özellikle Arguing About Gods’ın teistik argümanların en iyi eleştirilerini barındırdığı pek çok din felsefecisi tarafından kabul edilmektedir.
Önemli Eserleri: Craig, Mackie, and the Kalam Cosmological Argument (1991), On Rescher on Pascal’s Wager (1991), Is God Good by Definition? (1992), Modal theistic arguments (1993), Weak agnosticism defended (1994), Professor William Craig’s Criticisms of Critiques of Kalam Cosmological Arguments By Paul Davies, Stephen Hawking, and Adolf Grunbaum (1995), Ontological Arguments and Belief in God (1995), Inverse Operations with Transfinite Numbers and the Kalam Cosmological Argument (1995), Pascal’s Wager is a possible bet (but not a very good one): Reply to Harmon Holcomb III (1996), Godelian ontological arguments (1996), On some alleged consequences of ‘the Hartle-Hawking cosmology’ (1997), Swinburne on ‘mental’ and ‘physical’ (1998), Judging theistic arguments (1998), Some emendations to Leftow’s arguments about time and eternity (1998), Koons’ Cosmological Argument (1999), On ‘a new cosmological argument’ (2000), Time, Successive Addition, and Kalam Cosmological Arguments (2001), More Than a Flesh Wound (2002), Arguing About The Kalam Cosmological Argument (2002), The Tristram Shandy Paradox (2002), The Devilish Complexities of Divine Simplicity (2003), Evidential Arguments from Evil and Skeptical Theism (2004), Faulty reasoning about default principles in cosmological arguments (2004), Maydole’s 2QS5 Argument (2004),  Arguments from Moral Evil (2004), Arguing About Gods (2006), Maydole’s Modal Perfection Argument (2007), Pruss’s ontological arguments (2009), Craig’s Kalam Cosmology (2009), Cosmological arguments (2009), Epistemological Foundations for Koons’ Cosmological Argument? (2010), The Shape of Causal Reality: A Naturalistic Adaptation of O’Connor’s Cosmological Argument (2010), O’Connor’s Cosmological Argument (2011), Perfection, near-perfection, maximality, and Anselmian Theism (2011), Critical notice of J.P. Moreland’s Consciousness and the Existence of God: A Theistic Argument (2011), On behalf of the fool (2011), God and Infinity: Directions for Future Research (2011), Objection to a simplified ontological argument (2011), Uncaused Beginnings (2011), Consciousness, theism, and naturalism (2013), Rowe’s evidential arguments from evil (2013), Ultimate naturalistic casual explanations (2013), The Best Argument Against God (2013), Molinism and divine prophecy of free actions (2014), Describing Gods: An Investigation of Divine Attributes (2014), Ontological Arguments (Stanford Girdisi), Leftow on God and Necessity (2014),  “Uncaused Beginnings” Revisited (2015), Divine Causation (2017).
17. Gregory Dawes
            Dawes, Otago Üniversitesi’nde çalışmalarını sürdüren bir felsefe profesörüdür. Din felsefesi ve felsefe tarihiyle ilgilenmektedir. Teistik açıklamaların başarılı olup olamayacakları konusunu irdelemesiyle ateist literatürde önemli bir boşluğu doldurmuş olan Theism and Explanation kitabıyla tanınmaktadır. Dawes’in ayrıca akıllı tasarımın eleştirisi, Plantinga’nın dini epistemolojisinin eleştirisi ve natüralizm hakkında çalışmaları vardır.
Önemli Eserleri: What is wrong with intelligent design? (2007), Can a Darwinian Be a Christian? (2007), Theism and Explanation (2009), Understanding Naturalism (2010), Religious Studies, Faith, and the Presumption of Naturalism (2011), In defense of naturalism (2011), Defeating the Christian’s Claim to Warrant (2012), Religion, Science, and Explanation (2012), Basic beliefs and Christian faith (2015), Galileo and the Conflict Between Religion and Science (2016).
18. Horia Plugaru
            Plugaru, Bükreş Üniversitesi’nde felsefe eğitimi görmüştür ve zaman zaman felsefe makaleleri yazmaktadır. Tanrısal sıfatlardaki güçlüklerle ilgili oldukça ilginç makaleler yazmasının yanı sıra kötülük problemi ve teistik argümanların eleştirisi gibi konularda yazmıştır. Makaleleri Infidels.org sitesinde mevcuttur.
Önemli Eserleri: A New Argument Against the “Feigned-Allegiance Reply” (2002), Argument from Insufficient Knowledge of the Bible for the Nonexistence of the God of Christianity (2005), The Argument from the Existence of Nondeities (2013), The Argument from Physiological Horrors (2019), Theodical Individualism against Skeptical Theism (2019), An Easy Way of Destroying Cosmological Arguments, The Complete Irrelevance of the Fine-Tuning Argument.
19. J.L. Schellenberg
            Schellenberg, Mount Saint Vincent Üniversitesi’nde çalışmalarını sürdürmekte olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. Oldukça özgün bir felsefeci olan Schellenberg Tanrısal Gizlilik Argümanı’nın en önde gelen savunucusudur. Ayrıca oldukça bütüncül bir din felsefesi yaklaşımına sahip olan Schellenberg’in görüşlerini burada özetlemek oldukça zor olduğundan görüşlerini anlamak için Prolegomena to a Philosophy of Religion, The Wisdom to Doubt ve The Will to Imagine kitaplarından oluşan üçlemesinin okunması gerekmektedir. Schellenberg ‘nihaicilik’ denen görüşü savunmasıyla, kötülük problemi hakkında yazdıklarıyla ve çeşitli teistik argümanlara yaptığı eleştirilerle de tanınmaktadır.
Önemli Eserleri: Divine Hiddenness and Human Reason (1993), A New Logical Problem of Evil Revisited in Advance, Religious Experience and Religious Diversity: A Reply to Alston (1994), Stalemate and Strategy: Rethinking the Evidential Argument From Evil (2000), Christianity Saved? Comments on Swinburne’s Apologetic Strategies in the Tetralogy (2002), The Atheist’s Free Will Offence (2004), The Hiddenness Argument Revisited (2005), On Reasonable Nonbelief and Perfect Love (2005), Prolegomena to a Philosophy of Religion (2005), The Wisdom to Doubt: A Justification of Religious Skepticism (2007), The Will to Imagine: A Justification of Skeptical Religion (2009), The Evolutionary Answer to the Problem of Faith and Reason (2009), The Hiddenness Problem and the Problem of Evil (2010), Evolutionary Religion (2013), God, Free Will, and Time: The Free Will Offense Part II (2013), My Stance in Philosophy of Religion (2013), The Hiddenness Argument: Philosophy’s New Challenge to Belief in God (2015), The Epistemology of Modest Atheism (2015), Three Ways to Improve Religious Epistemology (2017), Religion After Science: The Cultural Consequences of Religious Immaturity (2019), Progressive Atheism: How Moral Evolution Changes the God Debate (2019), Truth-Triggered Religious Commitments (yayına hazırlanıyor), God for All Time: From Theism to Ultimism (yayına hazırlanıyor), Skeptical Theism and Skeptical Atheism (yayına hazırlanıyor), Religious Diversity and Religious Skepticism (yayına hazırlanıyor). 
20. Jason Thibodeau
            Profesör Thibodeau Cypress College’da görev yapmaktadır. Kendisi din felsefesi ve metaetik üzerine uzmanlaşmıştır. Özellikle ahlak argümanının ve ilahi buyruk teorisinin eleştirisiyle ilgilenir. Thibodeau aynı zamanda Secular Outpost ve Not Not a Philosopher bloglarında yazmaktadır. Ayrıca çeşitli röportajları ve tartışmaları vardır.
Önemli Eserleri: Do Atheists Need a Moral Theory to be Moral Realists? (2012), God’s Love is Irrelevant to the Euthyphro Problem (2019), Secular Outpost’ta Euthyphro Problemi hakkında yazdığı seri, Real Atheology podcastine verdiği röportaj, Matthew Flannagan ile ahlak argümanı ve ilahi buyruk teorisi üzerine yaptığı tartışma.
21. Jeff Lowder
            Lowder, metafiziksel natüralizmin savunulması ve Hristiyanlık’ın tarihsel eleştirisi üzerine çalışan bağımsız bir felsefecidir. Secular Outpost adlı grup blogunun kurucusudur. Ayrıca tartışmaları ve internette çeşitli videoları bulunmaktadır. Lowder, Paul Draper gibi, olasılıksal argümanlarlarla metafiziksel natüralizmi savunur.
Önemli Eserleri: The Historicity of Jesus’ Resurrection (1995), Is a Proof of the Nonexistence of a God Even Possible? (1998), The Empirical Case for Metaphysical Naturalism (1999), David Noebel on Atheism and Biological Evolution (2000), Historical Evidence and the Empty Tomb Story: A Reply to William Lane Craig (2001), The Case for Christ by Lee Strobel Book Review (2002), Atheism, Morality, and Meaning by Michael Martin Book Review (2003), In Defense of an Evidential Argument from Evil: A Reply to William Lane Craig (2016), Vandergriff ile yaptığı tartışma, Phil Fernandes ile yaptığı tartışma, The VICTIMs of Christian Apologetics (Youtube), Secular Outpost blogundaki yazıları.
22. John Leslie Mackie
            John Mackie, din felsefesinin 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından sonra yeniden doğuşuna öncülük eden felsefeciler arasındadır. Mackie, 1981’deki ölümüne kadar University College, Oxford’da görev yapmaktaydı. Nedenselliğin metafiziği hakkında yaptığı çalışmalar, modern felsefe tarihi (özellikle Locke ve Hume) hakkındaki çalışmaları, ve özellikle hata teorisini savunması başta olmak üzere metaetik alanında yaptığı çalışmalarla tanınmaktaydı. Mackie ayrıca Evil and Omnipotence makalesiyle 20. yüzyıl’da mantıksal kötülük problemiyle ilgili tartışmaların fitilini ateşlemiştir.
Önemli Eserleri: Has the Universe a Beginning in Time? (1955), Evil and Omnipotence (1955), Omnipotence (1962), Theism and Utopia (1962), Evil and the God of Love Book Review (1966), The Riddle of Existence (1976), The Miracle of Theism: Arguments for and Against the Existence of God (1982).
23. Jordan Howard Sobel
            Sobel, Toronto Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmış bir felsefe profesörüydü. Uzmanlık alanları etik, karar teorisi, mantık, ve özgür iradenin yanı sıra din felsefesiydi. Din felsefesine ana katkısı Logic and Theism ismini taşıyan kitabıdır. Bu kitap formel mantığın araçlarını oldukça kapsamlı bir şekilde kullanarak Tanrı’nın varlığı lehindeki ve aleyhindeki argümanları değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktaydı. Logic and Theism; Hristiyan din felsefecisi William Lane Craig tarafından ‘teizm için bir asit banyosu’ olarak, Robert Koons tarafındansa 1982’de yayınlanan The Miracle of Theism’den bu yana ateist din felsefesi hakkında yayınlanmış en iyi kitap olarak nitelenmiştir.
Önemli Eserleri: To My Critics (Taliaferro, Swinburne, and Koons), Born Again!, Pascalian Wagers (1996), The Design Inference: Eliminating Chance Through Small Probabilities Book Review (2003), Hume, Holism, and Miracles (2003), Logic and Theism: Arguments For and Against Beliefs in God’s Existence (2004), To My Critics with Appreciation: Responses to Taliaferro, Swinburne, and Koons (2006).
24. Kai Nielsen
            Nielsen, Calgary Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmış olan bir felsefe profesörüydü. Metafelsefe, toplum felsefesi, siyaset felsefesi ve etik alanlarındaki çalışmalarıyla bilinen Nielsen, Bernard Williams’ın faydacılığa eleştirilerine verdiği cevapla da ünlüydü. Nielsen aynı zamanda ateist din felsefesinin öncü isimlerinden biriydi. Kendisi ayrıca mantıksal pozitivizmin gözden düşmesinin ardından doğrulamacılığa yaslanan din eleştirisini geliştirip bu eleştiriyi Richard Swinburne gibi teist filozoflara karşı savunmuştur. Sosyalizm hakkındaki çalışmalarıyla da ünlüdür.
Önemli Eserleri: Morality and God: Some Questions for Mr. Macintyre (1962), On Believing That God Exists (1967), Comments on Empiricism and Theism (1968), The Intelligibility of God-Talk (1970), Contemporary Critiques of Religion (1971), Ethics Without God (1973), Religious Truth-Claims and Faith (1973), God and Postulated Entities (1974), The Logical Status of `God’ (1975), Talk of God and the Doctrine of Analogy (1976), Morality and the Will of God (1976), Necessity and God (1979), On the Rationality of Groundless Believing (1981), God and the Basis of Morality (1982), Hobbesist and Humean Alternatives to a Religious Morality (1983), Religion and Groundless Believing (1986), Disembodied Existence and Incoherence (1987), Philosophy and Atheism—Again (1987), God and the Grounding of Morality (1991), Naturalism Without Foundations (1996), Naturalism and Religion: Must Naturalistic Explanations Explain Religion Away? (1998), On Being a Secularist All the Way Down (1999), Morality Does Not Imply the Existence of God (2000), Naturalism and Religion (2004), Wittgensteinian Fideism (2005), Atheism & Philosophy (2005).
25. Keith Augustine
            Keith Augustine internetteki en geniş ateizm arşivi olan Internet Infidels sitesinin yöneticileri arasındadır. Natüralizm, etik, ve paranormal iddialar gibi konularda yazdıklarıyla tanınır. Augustine’in Maryland Üniversitesi’nden aldığı bir felsefe master derecesi vardır.
Önemli Eserleri: The Case Against Immortality (1997), Can Mystical Experience be a Perception of God? A Critique of William Alston’s Perceiving God (1999), Book Review: Whatever Happened to the Soul? (2000), Death and the Meaning of Life (2000), A Defense of Naturalism (2001), Psychophysiological and cultural correlates undermining a survivalist interpretation of near-death experiences (2007), Near-death experiences with hallucinatory features (2007), Does paranormal perception occur in near-death experiences? (2007), Hallucinatory Near-Death Experiences (2008), The Dualist’s Dilemma: The High Cost of Reconciling Neuroscience with a Soul (2015), The Myth of an Afterlife: The Case against Life After Death (2015).
26. Keith Parsons
            Parsons; Houston Clear-Lake Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. Uzmanlık alanları din felsefesi, bilim felsefesi ve bilim tarihidir. William Lane Craig gibi önde gelen teist din felsefecileriyle yaptığı tartışmalarla ve Secular Outpost bloguna yazdığı yazılarla da tanınmaktadır.
Önemli Eserleri: Secular Outpost blogundaki yazıları, The Conception of the Miraculous and Christian Apologetics (1982), Science, Confirmation, and the Theistic Hypothesis (1986), God and the Burden of Proof: Plantinga, Swinburne, and the Analytic Defense of Theism. (1989), Lively Answers to Theists: A Review of Arguing for Atheism: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion by Robin Le Poidevin (1998), Why I Am Not a Christian (2000), Can a Darwinian Be a Christian? Kitap İncelemesi (2001), Why Be Moral? (2001), Evil and the Unknown Purpose Defense: Remarks Addressed to Theodore Drange’s Nonbelief & Evil (2005), No Creator Need Apply: A Reply to Roy Abraham Varghese (2006), Some Contemporary Theistic Arguments (2007), Perspectives on Natural Theology From Analytic Philosophy (2013), Hume’s Beautiful Argument (2019).
27. Matthew McCormick
            Matt McCormick, California State Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. Özellikle din felsefesi konusunda uzmanlaşmıştır. Youtube’da din felsefesi konusunda bir dersi ve Proving the Negative adında ateizm üzerine bir blogu bulunmaktadır. McCormick’in ateizm hakkında Atheism and the Case Against Christ adında, oldukça beğenilmiş bir kitabı bulunmaktadır.
Önemli Eserleri: Proving the Negative blogundaki yazıları, Why God Cannot Think (2000), Atheism and the Case Against Christ (2012).                                                                                                                                                           
28. Michael Martin
            Martin, Boston Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmış bir felsefe profesörüydü. Uzmanlık alanları din felsefesi başta olmak üzere bilim felsefesi, sosyal bilimler felsefesi ve hukuk felsefesidir. Martin 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren din felsefesinin yeniden ayağa kalkmasında rol oynamış ana ateist din felsefecilerinden biridir. Kitabı Atheism: A Philosophical Justification, ateizm savunusu konusunda yazılmış en kapsamlı kitaplardan biridir.
Önemli Eserleri: A Disproof of God’s Existence (1970), On Four Critiques of Pascal’s Wager (1975), Is Evil Evidence Against the Existence of God? (1978), Pascal’s Wager as an Argument for Not Believing in God (1983), Does the Evidence Confirm Theism More Than Naturalism? (1984), Free and Perfectly Evil Being (1985), Omniscient, The Coherence of the Hypothesis of an Omnipotent, The Principle of Credulity and Religious Experience (1986), Swinburne’s Inductive Cosmological Argument (1986), A Theistic Inductive Argument From Evil? (1987), Reichenbach on Natural Evil (1988), On a New Argument for the Existence of God (1990), Atheism: A Philosophical Justification (1990), The Case Against Christianity (1993), The Gap in Theistic Arguments (1997), Problems with Heaven (1997), and Rape (1997), Christian Theism, Atheism, Friendly Atheism? (1996), Butler’s Defense of TAG and Critique of TANG (1996), Atheism and Theism Smart & Haldane Kitap İncelemesi (1997), Why the Resurrection is Initially Improbable (1998), Craig’s Holy Spirit Epistemology (1998), Positive Atheism and the Meaninglessness of Theism (1999), Christianity and the Rationality of the Resurrection (2000), A Response to Paul Copan’s Critique of Atheistic Objective Morality (2000), On a New Argument for Agnosticism (2001), Should Atheists Be Agnostics? (2002), Justifying Methodological Naturalism (2002), and Meaning (2002), Morality, Atheism, The Impossibility of God (2003), Gale on God (2003), The Resurrection of God Incarnate Kitap İncelemesi (2004), The Non-Existence of God Kitap İncelemesi (2004) Richard Swinburne, Nicholas Everitt, Davis on the Rationality of Belief in the Resurrection (2005), The Improbability of God (2006), The Cambridge Companion to Atheism (2006), Divine Incoherence (2007), Atheism and Religion (2007), Problems with Heaven (2015), The Myth of an Afterlife: The Case Against Life After Death (2015), Critique of Religious Experience.
29. Michael Tooley
            Tooley, Colorado Üniversitesi Boulder’da görev yapmakta olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. Uzmanlık alanları arasında metafizik, din felsefesi ve etik bulunmaktadır. Tooley özellikle doğa yasaları ve nedensellik konularındaki çalışmalarıyla ünlüdür. Tooley’in Metaphysics adında, metafiziğin temel problemleri hakkındaki görüşlerini detaylı bir şekilde savunduğu 5 ciltten oluşan bir eseri bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca Alvin Plantinga’yla beraber yazdığı bir tartışma kitabı ve William Lane Craig’le yaptığı bir tartışması vardır.
Önemli Eserleri: Does the Cosmological Argument Entail the Ontological Argument? (1970), Do Religious Claims Make Sense? (1972), John Hick and the Concept of Eschatological Verification (1976), Alvin Plantinga and the Argument From Evil (1980), Plantinga’s Defence of the Ontological Argument (1981), The Argument From Evil (1991), Freedom and Foreknowledge (2000), Knowledge of God (2008), The Problem of Evil (2008), Actuality, Time, Truth, and Causation: On the Impossibility of Divine Foreknowledge (2010), Inductive Logic and the Probability That God Exists: Farewell to Sceptical Theism (2012), The Problem of Evil (2019).
30. Neil A. Manson
            Profesör Manson, Mississippi Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. Uzmanlık alanları metafizik, bilim felsefesi, ve din felsefesidir. Özellikle hassas ayar argümanına eleştirel yaklaşan ve çoklu evrenler hipoteziyle ilgili çalışmalarıyla tanınır. Hassas ayar ve diğer tasarım argümanları hakkındaki en önemli derlemelerden biri olan ‘God and Design’ın editörüdür.
Önemli Eserleri: Anthropocentrism and the Design Argument (2000), There Is No Adequate Definition of ‘Fine-tuned for Life’ (2000), God and Design (2003), Fine-tuning, Multiple Universes, and the ‘This Universe’ Objection (2003), Cosmic Fine-tuning, ‘Many Universe’ Theories and the Goodness of Life (2003), The Fine Tuning Argument (2009), The ‘Why Design?’ Question (2009), The Design Argument and Natural Theology (2013), The Physics and Metaphysics of Multiple Universes (2014), How not to be generous to fine-tuning sceptics (2019), The Multiverse: What Philosophers and Theologians Get Wrong (2020).
31. Nicholas Everitt
            Everitt, Doğu Anglia Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmaktadır. Uzmanlık alanları epistemoloji, zihin felsefesi, ve din felsefesidir. Tanrısal sıfatlar arası çelişkiler konusuyla özellikle ilgilenmektedir.
Önemli Eserleri: The Impossibility of Miracles (1987), Kant’s Discussion of the Ontological Argument (1995), Quasi-Berkeleyan Idealism as Perspicuous Theism (1997), Interpretations of God’s eternity (1998), Why Only Perfection Is Good Enough (2000), Substance Dualism and Disembodied Existence (2000), The Non-Existence of God (2003), The Argument from Imperfection: A New Proof of the Non-existence of God (2006), The God of Metaphysics (2007), The divine attributes (2010), Critical Review of Mary Midgley’s Intelligent Design Theory and Other Ideological Problems (2014).
32. Nick Trakakis
            Trakakis, Avustralya Katolik Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. Din felsefesi, felsefe tarihi, ve metafizik üzerine uzmanlaşmıştır. Graham Oppy ile beraber 5 ciltlik bir din felsefesi tarihi derlemesi derlemiştir. Yaptığı işler özellikle kötülük problemine odaklanmıştır. Trakakis ile ilgili ilginç olan noktalardan biri, Rowe’un kötülük problemini savunan kitabını teistken kaleme almış olmasıdır. Trakakis, birkaç yıl önce Ortodoks Hristiyanlık’ı bırakarak ateist olmasıyla, din felsefesi konusunda uzmanlaştıktan sonra teizmi bırakan az sayıdaki ateist filozoftan biridir.
Önemli Eserleri: The History of Western Philosophy of Religion (5 cilt), The absolutist theory of omnipotence (1997), What No Eye Has Seen: The Skeptical Theist Response to Rowe’s Evidential Argument from Evil (2003), God, gratuitous evil, and van Inwagen’s attempt to reconcile the two (2003), What No Eye Has Seen (2003), On the alleged failure of free will theodicies: A reply to Tierno (2003), Second thoughts on the alleged failure of free will theodicies (2004), The evidential problem of evil (2005), The God Beyond Belief: In Defence of William Rowe’s Evidential Arguments from Evil (2005), Rowe’s new evidential argument from evil: Problems and prospects (2006), A third (meta-)critique (2006), The problem of heaven (2006), Does hard determinism render the problem of evil even harder? (2006), Meta-Philosophy of Religion (2007), An epistemically distant God? A critique of John Hick’s response to the problem of divine hiddenness (2007), Karma and the problem of evil: A response to Kaufman (2007), The End of Philosophy of Religion (2008), Theodicy: The solution to the problem of evil, or part of the problem? (2008), Against theodicy: A response to Peter Forrest (2010), Skeptical theism and moral skepticism: a reply to Almeida and Oppy (2012), Truth, or the futures of philosophy of religion (2013), Antitheodicy (2013), The New Phenomenology and Analytic Philosophy of Religion (2014), Absolute idealism and the problem of evil (2017), Philosophy and Religious Commitment (2017).
33. Patrick Grim
            Grim, Michigan Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. Uzmanlık alanları zihin felsefesi, bilgi işlem ve bilgi felsefesi, mantık, felsefi mantık ve normatif etiktir. Grim aynı zamanda din felsefesiyle de ilgilenmektedir ve Tanrı’nın sıfatlarının, özellikle de mutlak bilgililik sıfatının, çeşitli problemler çıkardığını iddia etmektedir.
Önemli Eserleri: Plantinga’s God (1979), Plantinga’s God and other monstrosities (1979), Plantinga, hartshorne, and the ontological argument (1981), Against a Deontic Argument for God’s Existence (1982), In behalf of ‘in behalf of the fool’ (1982), Against omniscience: Some Neglected Problems of Omniscience (1983), The case from essential indexicals (1985), Truth, omniscience, and the knower (1988), On Omniscience and a ‘Set of All Truths’: A Reply to Bringsjord (1990), Truth, Omniscience, and Cantorian Arguments: An Exchange (1993), The being that knew too much (2000), Impossibility Arguments (2007).
34. Paul Draper
            Draper, Purdue Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefe profesörüdür ve en önde gelen çağdaş ateist filozoflardan biridir. Uzmanlık alanları din felsefesi, bilim ve din ilişkisi, ve olasılıksal akıl yürütmedir. Özellikle teizm aleyhinde öne sürdüğü çeşitli olasılıksal argümanlarla tanınır.
Önemli Eserleri: Pain and pleasure: An evidential problem for theists (1989), Evil and the Proper Basicality of Belief in God (1991), Hume’s Reproduction Parody of the Design Argument (1991), God and perceptual evidence (1992), Probabilistic arguments from evil (1992), The skeptical theist (1996), Critical study of Providence and the Problem of Evil, by Richard Swinburne (2001), Seeking but not believing: Confessions of a practicing agnostic (2002), Irreducible complexity and Darwinian gradualism: A reply to Michael J. Behe (2002), Craig’s case for God’s existence (2003), Cosmic fine-tuning and terrestrial suffering: Parallel problems for naturalism and theism (2004), More pain and pleasure: A reply to Otte (2004), On the nature of naturalism: Comments on Michael Rea’s World Without Design (2004), Where does teleological thinking stand today? Reinterpreting Ruse’s Darwin and Design (2004), God, science and naturalism (2005), Probabilistic arguments for multiple universes (2007), The argument from evil (2008), The problem of evil (2008), David Hume (2009), Cumulative cases (2010), Faith without God: An introduction to Schellenberg’s trilogy (2011), Darwin’s argument from evil (2012), Christian theism and life on earth (2012), Diagnosing bias in philosophy of religion (2013), The limitations of pure skeptical theism (2013), Explanation and the problem of evil (2013), Meet the new skeptical theism, same as the old skeptical theism (2014), Confirmation theory and the core of CORNEA (2014), A critique of the Kalam cosmological argument (2014), Evolution and the problem of evil (2014), Simplicity and natural theology (2016), Where skeptical theism fails, skeptical atheism prevails (2016), Current Controversies in Philosophy of Religion (2017), Evil and the God of Abraham, Anselm, and Murphy (2017), God, evil, and the nature of light (2017), Atheism and agnosticism (2017), Renewing Philosophy of Religion (2018), What if God makes hard choices? (2019), Panpsychotheism (2019), Philosophy of religion: A vision for the field (2019).
35. Quentin Smith
            Smith, Western Michigan Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. Uzmanlık alanları arasında dil felsefesi, fizik felsefesi, zaman felsefesi, metafizik ve din felsefesi bulunmaktadır. Smith yüzyılın en önemli ateist din felsefecilerinden biridir. Kelam Kozmolojik Argüman ve çeşitli fizik teorilerinin teizmle bağdaşıp bağdaşmadığı gibi konularda önemli çalışmaları vardır. Ayrıca, evrenin varlığının ve yasalarının natüralistik açıklamaları konusuna odaklanan az sayıdaki ateist din felsefecisinden biridir.
Önemli Eserleri: The Anthropic Principle and Many-Worlds Cosmologies (1985), On the Beginning of Time (1985), Kant and the Beginning of the World (1985), World Ensemble Explanations (1986), Infinity and the Past (1987), The Uncaused Beginning of the Universe (1988), An Analysis of Holiness (1988), A Natural Explanation of the Existence and Laws of Our Universe (1991), Atheism, Theism and Big Bang Cosmology (1991), An Atheological Argument From Evil Natural Laws (1991), Concerning the Absurdity of Life (1991), The Anthropic Coincidences, Evil and The Disconfirmation of Theism (1992), A Big Bang Cosmological Argument for God’s Nonexistence (1992), The Concept of a Cause of the Universe (1993), Reply to Craig: The Possible Infinitude of the Past (1993), Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom (1993), The Conceptualist Argument for God’s Existence (1994), Stephen Hawking’s Cosmology and Theism (1994), Can Everything Come to Be Without a Cause? (1994), Did the Big Bang Have a Cause? (1994), Anthropic Explanations in Cosmology (1994), Internal and External Causal Explanations of the Universe (1995), Explanatory Rationalism and Contingent Truths (1995), A Defense of a Principle of Sufficient Reason (1995), The Metaphysical Necessity of Natural Laws (1996), Theism, Atheism, and Big Bang Cosmology (1996), Causation and the Logical Impossibility of a Divine Cause (1996), Two Ways to Prove Atheism (1996), Two Ways to Prove Atheism (1996), Simplicity and Why the Universe Exists (1997), Swinburne’s Explanation of the Universe (1998), Big Bang Cosmology and Atheism (1998), Why Stephen Hawking’s Cosmology Precludes a Creator (1998), The Reason the Universe Exists is That It Caused Itself to Exist (1999), Concerning the Metaphysical Necessity of the Universe Beginning Uncaused: A Reply to George Nakhnikian (2000), Problems with John Earman’s Attempt to Reconcile Theism with General Relativity (2000), The Metaphilosophy of Naturalism (2001), The Metaphysical Necessity of Natural Laws (2001), Time Was Created by a Timeless Point: An Atheist Explanation of Spacetime (2002), Kalam Cosmological Arguments for Atheism (2007), A Cosmological Argument for a Self Caused Universe (2008), A Naturalistic Account of the Universe. (2008).
36. Raymond Bradley
            Bradley, Simon Fraser Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmış emekli bir felsefe profesörüdür. Uzmanlık alanları arasında metafizik, zaman felsefesi, din felsefesi ve bilim felsefesidir. Teist filozoflarla tartışmalar yapmış olan Bradley’in ilgilendiği konular arasında ölümden sonra yaşamın imkanı, özgür irade savunması ve akıllı tasarım gibi konular vardır.
Önemli Eserleri: The meaning of life: Reflections on God, immortality, and free will, Intelligent Design or Natural Design, God, Design, and Evolution: A Teleological Argument for Atheism, A Moral Argument for Atheism (1999), God on Trial – Antony in Wonderland (2006), The Rivalry Between Religions (2007), The Free Will Defense Refuted and God’s Existence Disproved (2007), Can God Condemn One to an Afterlife in Hell? (2015), Why Survival is Metaphysically Impossible (2015), God’s Gravediggers: Why No Deity Exists (2016).
37. Richard Gale
            Gale, Pittsburgh Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmış bir felsefe profesörüydü. Metafizik, zaman felsefesi, pragmatizm, ve din felsefesi üzerinde uzmanlaşmıştı. Din felsefesi hakkındaki çalışmaları dini tecrübe argümanı, kozmolojik argüman, ontolojik argüman, kötülük problemi, Tanrısal sıfatlar arası çelişkiler ve daha pek çok konu üzerine yoğunlaşan Gale, 20. yüzyılın en önemli nonteist felsefecilerinden biriydi.
Önemli Eserleri: Omniscience-Immutability Arguments (1986), A Priori Arguments From God’s Abstractness (1986), Freedom Versus Unsurpassable Greatness (1988), Freedom and the Free Will Defense (1990), On the Nature and Existence of God (1991), A Reply to Paul Helm (1993), Time and Eternity (1994), Why Alston’s Mystical Doxastic Practice Is Subjective (1994), Swinburne’s Argument From Religious Experience (1994), The Overall Argument of Alston’s Perceiving God (1994), The Epistemology of Religious Experience (1995), Some Difficulties in Theistic Treatments of Evil (1996), A New Cosmological Argument (1996), Atheism & Theism (1996), Ontological Arguments and Belief in God (1998), R. M. Adams’s Theodicy of Grace (1998), A New Argument for the Existence of God: One That Works, Well, Sort Of (1999), Swinburne on Providence (2000), Alvin Plantinga’s Warranted Christian Belief (2001), A Response to Oppy, and to Davey and Clifton (2002), Divine Omniscience, Human Freedom, and Backwards Causation (2002), A Response to Almeida and Judisch (2003), The Existence of God (2003), A Response to My Critics (2003), Cosmological and Design Arguments (2005), On the Cognitivity of Mystical Experiences (2005), Comments on the Will to Believe (2006), The Failure of Classical Theistic Arguments (2007), Evil and Alvin Plantinga (2007), Review of Bruce Langtry, God, the Best, and Evil (2009), God and Metaphysics (2010), More Modest Ontological Argument (2012).
38. Robin Le Poidevin
            Le Poidevin Leeds Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. Uzmanlık alanları arasında metafizik, zaman felsefesi, din felsefesi, ve agnostisizm bulunmaktadır. Le Poidevin, aynı zamanda bu listedeki felsefeciler arasından herhangi bir kitabı Türkçe’ye çevrilmiş olan tek felsefecidir. Kendisinin Arguing for Atheism kitabı, Ateizm: İnanma İnanmama Üzerine Bir Tartışma adıyla Ayrıntı Yayınları tarafından çevrilmiştir.
Önemli Eserleri: The Justification of Science and the Rationality of Religious Belief (1991), Creation in a Closed Universe Or, Have Physicists Disproved the Existence of God? (1991), Autonomous Agents or God’s Automata?: Human freedom from the divine perspective (1995), Internal and External Questions about God (1995), Time, Death and the Atheist (1995), Arguing for Atheism: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion (1996), Forrest, P.-God without the Supernatural (1998), Rationality and Religion (2002), Theistic discourse and fictional truth (2003), Are We the Outcome of Chance or Design? (2008), Identity and the composite Christ: an incarnational dilemma (2009), Incarnation: Metaphysical Issues (2009), Agnosticism: A Very Short Introduction (2010), Euthyphro and the goodness of God incarnate (2011), Multiple incarnations and distributed persons (2011), The Incarnation: divine embodiment and the divided mind (2011), The Necessity of God and the Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking (2012), Kenosis, Necessity and Incarnation (2013), ’Once For All’: The Tense of the Atonement (2016), Religious Fictionalism (2019).
39. Ryan Stringer
            Stringer, doktorasını California-San Diego Üniversitesi’nde yapmış bir felsefecidir. Uzmanlık alanı ahlak felsefesidir. Infidels internet sitesinde çeşitli teistik argümanları eleştirdiği makaleleri bulunmaktadır.
Önemli Eserleri: Omniscience and Learning (2010), Questions of Existence and the Modal Cosmological Argument (2011), Arguments from Perfection (2011), Evil and Skeptical Theism (2012), Modal Arguments for Atheism (2012), Nonbelief and Hope (2013), On Mavrodes’ Moral Argument for Adopting Religious Belief (2013), A Logical Argument from Evil (2013), God and the Meaning of Life (2014), Two Fatal Problems with the Fine-Tuning Argument (2015), Realist Ethical Naturalism for Ethical Non-Naturalists (2018).
40. Scott Aikin
            Aikin, Vanderbilt Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. Uzmanlık alanları epistemoloji, antik felsefe, informel mantık ve din felsefesidir. Odaklandığı konular bir inancın gerekçelendirilmesinin ne demek olduğu, Presokratik felsefede ve Helenistik felsefede bilme kavrayışları, ve safsata teorisidir. Din felsefesindeyse Tanrı’yı bilmenin imkanı konusuna odaklanmaktadır.
Önemli Eserleri: Reasonable Atheism (2011), Evidentialism and the Will to Believe (2014), A Dilemma for James’s Doctrine of the Will-to-Believe (2014), Does Divine Hiding Undercut Positive Evidential Atheism? (2016).
41. Stephen Law
            Law, Heythrop Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmaktadır. Akademik işlerinden çok yazdığı popüler felsefe kitaplarıyla tanınmaktadır. Önemli yarı akademik felsefe dergisi Think’in editörüdür.  Tezi metafizik ve dil felsefesi üzerine olsa da Law’un akademik işleri din felsefesine yoğunlaşmıştır. Özellikle kötülük problemi hakkında yazdıklarıyla tanınan Law’un hakkında yazdığı konular arasında dini epistemoloji ve hümanizm de bulunmaktadır.
Önemli Eserleri: A new problem of evil, The evil-god challenge (2010), Plantinga’s belief-cum-desire argument refuted (2011),  Humanism: A Very Short Introduction (2011), What is Humanism? (2013), Sceptical theism and a lying God: Wielenberg’s argument defended and developed (2015), The Pandora’s box objection to skeptical theism (2015), Skeptical theism (2016), Skeptical Theism and Skepticism About the External World and Past (2017), Wittgensteinian Accounts of Religious Belief: Noncognitivist, Juicer, and Atheist‐Minus (2017), Miss the target: How some ‘sophisticated’ theists Dodge atheist criticism (2018), Religious Epistemology (2018), The X-claim argument against religious belief (2018).
42. Stephen Maitzen
            Maitzen, Acadia Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. Özellikle etik, epistemoloji ve din felsefesinde uzmanlaşmıştır. Determinizm ve determinizmin hayatın anlamıyla ilişkisi, muğlaklık ve ontoloji, ve varlık, değer ve amaç açısından nihailik gibi konu başlıklarıyla ilgilenmektedir.
Önemli Eserleri: Swinburne on credal belief (1991), Theism as Theory: Issues in the Epistemology of Religious Belief (1992), Two Views of Religious Certitude (1992), God and other theoretical entities (1995), A semantic attack on divine-command metaethics (2004), Anselmian atheism (2005), Divine hiddenness and the demographics of theism (2006), Skeptical Theism and God’s Commands (2007), Cornea and closure (2007), Does Molinism explain the demographics of theism? (2008), Skeptical theism and moral obligation (2009), Ordinary Morality Implies Atheism (2009), On Gellman’s Attempted Rescue (2010), On God and Our Ultimate Purpose (2011), Stop Asking Why There’s Anything (2012), Questioning the Question (2013), The moral skepticism objection to skeptical theism (2013), Atheism and the Basis of Morality (2013), Agnosticism, Skeptical Theism, and Moral Obligation (yayına hazırlanıyor).
43. Thaddeus Metz
            Metz, Johannesburg Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmakta olan bir felsefe profesörüdür. Uzmanlık alanları Afrika felsefesi, hukuk felsefesi, siyaset felsefesi ve özellikle hayatın anlamı problemidir. Metz, hayatın anlamı problemine en ciddi şekilde eğilen ateist filozoftur. Metz’in hayatın anlamının Tanrı’nın varlığı, ruhun varlığı, ve ölümsüzlük gibi şeylerin anlamlı bir hayat için gerekli olup olmadığı sorusunu ele aldığı çok sayıda makalesi ve konuyla ilgili bir kitabı bulunmaktadır.
Önemli Eserleri: Could God’s purpose be the source of life’s meaning? (2000), Utilitarianism and the Meaning of Life (2003), The immortality requirement for life’s meaning (2003), Critical Notice:Baier and Cottingham on the Meaning of Life (2005), God’s purpose as irrelevant to life’s meaning: Reply to Affolter (2007), New developments in the meaning of life (2007), God, Morality and the Meaning of Life (2008), Meaning in Life: An Analytic Study (2013), The Meaning of Life, Revised Edition (2013), How God Could Assign Us a Purpose without Disrespect: Reply to Salles (2013), Assessing Lives, Giving Supernaturalism Its Due, and Capturing Naturalism: Reply to 13 Critics of Meaning in Life (2015), Further Explorations of Supernaturalism about Meaning in Life: Reply to Cottingham, Goetz, Goldschmidt, Jech and Wielenberg (2016), Reasons of Meaning to Abhor the End of the Human Race (2016), Meaning in Life (2017), God’s Role in a Meaningful Life: New Reflections from Tim Mawson (2018), Accounting for Similarities and Differences in Moral Belief (Atheism) (2019), Meaning (Atheism) (2019), God, Soul and the Meaning of Life (2019), Meaning in Life in Spite of Death (basıma hazırlanıyor) What Makes Life Meaningful? A Debate (basıma hazırlanıyor).
44. Theodore Drange
            Drange, Batı Virginia Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmış emekli bir felsefe profesörüdür. Uzmanlık alanları dil felsefesi, epistemoloji ve din felsefesidir. Özellikle İnançsızlık Argümanı (Argument from Nonbelief) ile tanınan Drange kötülük problemi, Tanrısal sıfatların tutarlılığı, hassas ayar argümanı ve ölümden sonra yaşamın imkanı gibi konular hakkında da çalışmıştır.
Önemli Eserleri: The Arguments From Evil and Nonbelief, Nonbelief as support for atheism, The Argument from Non-Belief (1993), The Argument from the Bible (1996), Nonbelief & Evil: Two Arguments for the Nonexistence of God (1998), The fine tuning argument (1998), Why be moral? (1998), Science and miracles (1998), Can creationism be scientific? (1998), Nonbelief vs. Lack of Evidence: Two Atheologlcal Arguments (1998), Incompatible-Properties Arguments: A Survey (1998), Atheism, agnosticism, noncognitivism (1998), The Fine-Tuning Argument Revisited (2000),  A Response to Parrish on the Fine-Tuning Argument (2000), McHugh’s Expectations Dashed (2002), Gale on Omnipotence (2003), A rebuttal to pardi’s criticism of ANB (2004), Reply to Critics (2005), Is “God Exists” Cognitive? (2005), On defending atheism (2005), Review of Jordan Howard Sobel’s logic and theism (2006), The arguments from confusion and biblical defects (2006), The Pluralizability Objection to a New-Body Afterlife (2015), Conceptual Problems Confronting a Totally Disembodied Afterlife (2015).
45. Wes Morriston
            Morriston, Colorado Üniversitesi Boulder’da görev yapan agnostik bir felsefe profesörüdür. Kariyerinin büyük bir bölümünde teist olan Morriston, Hristiyanlık’ı görece kısa bir süre önce bırakmıştır. Özellikle Kelam Kozmolojik Argüman’ı eleştirdiği makalelerin, hem nonteistler hem de teistler tarafından bu argümana yapılan en etkili eleştirilerden bazılarını içerdiği kabul edilmektedir. Ayrıca ahlak argümanının objektif ahlaki değerlere dayanan formülasyonuna ve İlahi Buyruk Teorisi’ne önemli eleştiriler getirmiştir. Morriston’ın mutlak kudret ve mutlak iyilik gibi tanrısal sıfatların tutarlı olup olmadığı ve Plantinga’nın Özgür İrade Savunması gibi konularda da makaleleri vardır.
Önemli Eserleri:  Must the Past Have a Beginning? (1999), Must the Beginning of the Universe Have a Personal Cause? (2000), What Is So Good About Moral Freedom? (2000), Omnipotence and Necessary Moral Perfection: Are They Compatible? (2001), Must There Be a Standard of Moral Goodness Apart from God? (2001), Craig on the Actual Infinite (2002), Must Metaphysical Time Have a Beginning? (2003), The “Evidential Argument from Goodness” (2004), The Moral Obligations of Reasonable Non-Believers: A Special Problem for Divine Command Metaethics (2009), What if God Commanded Something Terrible? A Worry for Divine-command Meta-ethics (2009), and the Actual Infinite (2010), Endless Future, Beginningless Past,God and the Ontological Foundation of Morality (2012).
46. William Rowe
            Rowe, Purdue Üniversitesi’nde görev yapmış, din felsefesi üzerine uzmanlaşmış bir ateist felsefe profesörüydü. Çalışmaları din felsefesinin 20. Yüzyıl’ın ikinci yarısından itibaren yeniden canlanmasında önemli rol oynamış öncü filozoflardan biridir. Özellikle kötülük probleminin delilci formülasyonunu ortaya koyup savunmasıyla, Kozmolojik Argüman hakkında yaptığı çalışmalarıyla, Tanrı’nın özgür iradesine karşı öne sürdüğü argümanlarıyla, ve ‘En İyi Mümkün Dünya’nın Olmaması Problemi’ni (The Problem of No Best World) detaylı bir şekilde savunmasıyla ünlüdür.
Önemli Eserleri: The Fallacy of Composition (1962), The Cosmological Argument and the Principle of Sufficient Reason (1968), Two Criticisms of the Cosmological Argument (1970), God and Timelessness (1972), Plantinga on Possible Worlds and Evil (1973), The Cosmological Argument (1975), The Cosmological Argument (1975),  The Ontological Argument and Question-Begging (1976), Comments on Professor Davis’ “Does the Ontological Argument Beg the Question?” (1976), The Cosmological Argument (1978), The Problem of Evil and Some Varieties of Atheism (1979), On Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom: A Reply (1980), Religious Experience and the Principle of Credulity (1982), Self-Existence and the Cosmological Argument (1983), Evil and the Theistic Hypothesis: A Response to Wykstra (1984), Rationalistic Theology and Some Principles of Explanation (1984), Theism (1986), Ruminations About Evil (1991), The Problem of No Best World (1994), The Evidential Argument From Evil: A Second Look (1996), In Defense of ‘the Free Will Defense’ Response to Daniel Howard-Snyder and John O’Leary-Hawthorne (1998), Reply to Plantinga (1998), Religious Pluralism (1999), The Problem of Divine Sovereignty and Human Freedom (1999), God and the Problem of Evil (2001), Can God Be Free? (2002), Can God Be Free? (2004),  Cosmological Arguments (2004), Response to Hasker (2005), Can God Be Free? (2006), Friendly Atheism, Skeptical Theism, and the Problem of Evil (2006), Replies (2007), Peter Van Inwagen on the Problem of Evil (2008), Review of Alvin Plantinga, Michael Tooley, Knowledge of God (2008), Argument and the Principle of Sufficient Reason (2009), Alvin Plantinga on the Ontological Argument (2009), Bruce Langtry: God, the Best, and Evil (2010), Friendly Atheism Revisited (2010), Response To: Divine Responsibility Without Divine Freedom (2010).
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sensiblephilosophy · 4 years
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Did the Universe Begin to Exist? William Lane Craig vs Alex Malpass
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godlessgirl9 · 4 years
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lex Malpass has a BA, MA and PhD in philosophy. He runs a podcast called Thoughtology. Alex Malpass is a Teaching Fellow in the Department of Philosophy, University of Bristol, UK. Alex Malpass is best known for his refutation of Matt Slicks TAG argument.
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ungodlyatheism-blog · 6 years
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Transcendental Argument for God (TAG)
Transcendental Argument for God (TAG)
A while ago, I watched a youtube video by Rationality Rules entitled, “Matt Slick’s Transcendental Argument – Debunked (TAG / Presuppositionalism Refuted).” I am a subscriber to Rationality Rules and there are many good videos where he explains the serious problems with a number of arguments, particularly for the existence of “God.” Before I get into the specifics of the Transcendental Argument…
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landacez · 5 years
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Arguments in Apologetics: The TAG Argument | A #Debate Between Dr. Alex Malpass & Jay Dyer The Transcendental Argument for the Existence of God (TAG) is the argument that attempts to prove the existence of God by arguing that logic, morals, and ... source
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I know that there's a frustration everyone has with being wrong, but finding out that you're wrong means you're not wrong anymore.
Matt Dillahunty - Atheist Debates - Discussing Philosophy with Alex Malpass and Ozymandias (at the very start of the video)  
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necessitarian · 4 years
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The Grounding Objection to Molinism - Dr. Kirk MacGregor & Dr. Alex Malpass
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kevinjona4 · 5 years
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World Bank President David Malpass says there is too much debt in the world
World Bank President David Malpass says there is too much debt in the world
Alex Wong | Getty Images
President Donald Trump shakes hands with Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs David Malpass during a Roosevelt Room event at the White House February 6, 2019 in Washington, DC.
There is too much debt floating around the world and China is a big reason why, World Bank President David Malpass said Thursday.
“There are challenges facing…
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michaeljtraylor · 5 years
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Brexit on hold – POLITICO
Brexit on hold — The roller-coaster drama that is Britain’s departure from the European Union will go on, after U.K. lawmakers extended the March 29 deadline for an indeterminate amount of time in a messy 413-202 vote. For the delay to go through, it must be approved by European leaders from the other 27 countries, who will meet in Brussels next week. Prime Minister Theresa May will also try again to get Parliament to ratify her deal next week, though she will ask for some sort of extension either way.
CSIS’ Bill Reinsch on what the vote means: “It just kicks the can. There doesn’t seem to be a majority for anything except postponing making a decision. The EU will – and should – ask what will be different two or three months down the road? For business, I guess it’s a short term reprieve from looming chaos, but it just prolongs the uncertainty – which is the last thing companies or financial institutions want – and guarantees we will be going through all this again in the near future.”
Story Continued Below
Mnuchin conflicted — Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin is “very much involved” in negotiating with China on behalf of the movie industry, according to testimony from U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer last month, even as his most recent disclosure filing shows that his wife, Louise Linton, continues to own production company Stormchaser LLC. That disclosure form has not yet been certified by the Office of Government Ethics, even though it has had the document since last summer. Hat tip to the New York Times for connecting those dots yesterday.
Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) pressed Mnuchin on his relationship with Stormchaser at a hearing on Thursday, and the secretary said he has been advised by career ethics officials at Treasury that “I am in compliance and have no ethical issues.”
BB&T-SunTrust deal gets hearing date — Two, actually. The Federal Reserve and FDIC announced Thursday that it will hold public hearings on the proposed merger between the two large regional banks on April 25 in Charlotte and May 3 in Atlanta. The last time there were public hearings for a bank merger was for the 2015 alliance between CIT and OneWest.
The proposed deal, which would create the sixth-largest retail bank in the country, is getting congressional attention, particularly from Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.). On Thursday she said the merger would create “another too big to fail” bank, during a hearing on regulation of systemic risk posed by nonbank financial institutions.
HAPPY FRIDAY — Ben White will be back next week. Send him news at [email protected] and @morningmoneyben, and to Aubree Eliza at [email protected] and @AubreeEWeaver. And please feel free to pass along tips on financial regulation to me at: [email protected].
THIS MORNING ON POLITICO PRO FINANCIAL SERVICES — Patrick Temple-West on House Democrats’ criticism of a proposed SEC rule aimed at improving investment advice requirements. To get Morning Money every day before 6 a.m., please contact Pro Services at (703) 341-4600 or [email protected].
MALPASS UNOPPOSED — AP’s Marty Crutsinger: “The Treasury official nominated by President Donald Trump to be the next president of the World Bank has cleared a major hurdle, with nominations for the position closing with no other candidates emerging.
“The World Bank said Thursday that David Malpass was the only candidate put forward by the bank’s 189 member countries. Malpass is currently the undersecretary for international affairs at Treasury. … The World Bank said its 25-member executive board will interview Malpass in the coming days and expects a decision will be made before the bank’s spring meetings, which start April 12.” Read more.
TRUMP-XI SUMMIT WON’T HAPPEN THIS MONTH — Reuters: “U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said on Thursday that a trade summit between President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping would not happen at the end of March as had been previously suggested because there was still more work to do in U.S.-China trade negotiations. Speaking to reporters after a U.S. Senate hearing, Mnuchin also said he was not concerned about U.S. banks’ exposure to Britain’s banking sector amid uncertainty over the country’s looming exit from the European Union because institutions on both sides of the Atlantic were healthy.” Read more.
‘IT’S COMING, SO BE PREPARED’ — Our Brian Faler: “Mnuchin clashed Thursday with House Democrats over their plans to seize President Donald Trump’s tax returns. Mnuchin, who would field the Democrats’ coming demand for the returns, repeatedly declined to detail how he would handle the request since he has yet to receive it, though he appeared to imply the administration intends to fight it.
“‘I will consult with the legal department within Treasury and I will follow the law,’ Mnuchin told the House Ways and Means Committee, in his first appearance before the panel since Democrats took control of the chamber in January. ‘I can’t speculate on the request until I see it.’” Read more.
SEC CLAWBACKS — Our Patrick Temple-West: “The SEC would get twice as much time to claw back ill-gotten gains from wrongdoers as part of legislation introduced [Thursday] by Sens. Mark Warner (D-Va.) and John Neely Kennedy (R-La.). The bipartisan bill addresses a 2017 Supreme Court ruling that limited the SEC’s ability to collect ill-gotten gains to a five-year statute of limitations. The bill would extend the window of time for which the SEC can pursue such gains for harmed investors to 10 years.” More for Pros here.
NCUA BOARD NOW FULL UP — Our Zach Warmbrodt: “The Senate [on Thursday] confirmed Rodney Hood and Todd Harper to serve on the National Credit Union Administration’s board, which will have a full set of members for the first time since 2016. … [Hood] will replace NCUA board member Rick Metsger.”
Milken Institute Global Conference: Ben White will once again bring POLITICO’s Morning Money newsletter to the Milken Institute Global Conference from April 28 through May 2. The special edition newsletter will detail conference highlights, major conversations, evening festivities and VIP gatherings throughout the conference. Sign up today to receive exclusive, in-depth coverage from the scene of #MIGlobal.
WYNN’S OPPORTUNITY ZONE — WSJ’s Richard Rubin and Alexandra Berzon: “Former casino executive Steve Wynn generated $2.1 billion and a big potential tax bill last March when he was forced to sell his stake in Wynn Resorts Ltd. after sexual-misconduct allegations. Less than three months later, he held a meeting with Treasury Department officials as they were writing regulations for a new tax incentive that had the potential to help him defer and reduce those taxes.
“Mr. Wynn met with senior Treasury officials on June 4 to discuss ‘opportunity zones,’ a break that was part of the 2017 Republican tax overhaul. The opportunity-zone program gives individuals a chance to defer and reduce capital-gains taxes if they make investments into low-income areas.” Read more.
GOLDMAN JOB CUTS — Bloomberg’s Steve Dickson: “Goldman Sachs Group Inc. said in a filing it planned to eliminate 65 jobs from its New York operations. The firm filed a Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification with the New York Department of Labor describing the planned workforce reduction, which it blamed on ‘economic’ factors.” Read more.
STOCKS END MOSTLY LOWER — AP’s Damian Troise and Alex Veiga: “U.S. stocks indexes barely budged Thursday as the market’s three-day winning streak stalled. The benchmark S&P 500 index finished essentially flat as losses in communications, industrial and health care stocks outweighed gains in financial and technology companies. Several retailers and homebuilders also declined. … The market was coming off a solid three-day rally as it reclaimed some of the momentum it had in January and February.” Read more.
BUT TECH IS BACK — Reuters’ Noel Randewich: “Wall Street’s beloved tech trade is back on. U.S. technology stocks this week took back their title as the stock market’s most profitable bet of the year, and the so-called FANG stocks have regained their shine after investors dumped the high-flying group in December over fears that the decade-old bull market was dying.” Read more.
RISKY BUSINESS — WSJ’s Amrith Ramkumar: “Stock sectors that tend to gain when investors are embracing risk or expecting faster growth have performed better than others as major indexes approach last year’s peaks, boosting some analysts’ confidence the rally will continue. Fast-growing technology and internet stocks, along with sectors tied to economic cycles such as industrial and energy stocks, pushed the S&P 500 to a four-month high Wednesday and helped the benchmark equity gauge erase last week’s five-day losing streak. It fell 0.1 percent Thursday.” Read more.
HOT OFF THE PRESS — The CDFI Coalition, which represents community development financial institutions, in a new report showcases the work of 67 CDFIs. “In FY 2018, CDFIs program awardees made over 280,000 loans or investments totaling over $11 billion, including loans to nearly 15,000 small businesses,” according to the report.
BPI JOINS MEDIUM — The Bank Policy Institute has launched a new Medium channel, with an initial post on artificial intelligence and machine learning that argues outdated guidance is the primary obstacle to the adoption of critical technology that would help to expand access to credit and reduce systemic risk.
PLAYBOOK POOL: March Madness is here, which means it’s time for the third annual Playbook Pool bracket challenge hosted by our Playbook authors across the country (Washington, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Illinois, Florida and California). Track who’s up and who’s down throughout the tournament as you compete against your friends, top Playbookers, political insiders and VIPs to win prizes including an Amazon Echo, Apple Watch Series 3, iPhone XR and more. Create your bracket starting on Selection Sunday (March 17) after the highly anticipated field of teams in this year’s tournament are chosen. Click here to get in the game.
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sensiblephilosophy · 3 years
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Thoughtology: Episode 20, Russ Shafer-Landau, on Moral Realism
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godlessgirl9 · 4 years
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garkodigitalmedia · 5 years
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Brexit on hold – POLITICO
Brexit on hold — The roller-coaster drama that is Britain’s departure from the European Union will go on, after U.K. lawmakers extended the March 29 deadline for an indeterminate amount of time in a messy 413-202 vote. For the delay to go through, it must be approved by European leaders from the other 27 countries, who will meet in Brussels next week. Prime Minister Theresa May will also try again to get Parliament to ratify her deal next week, though she will ask for some sort of extension either way.
CSIS’ Bill Reinsch on what the vote means: “It just kicks the can. There doesn’t seem to be a majority for anything except postponing making a decision. The EU will – and should – ask what will be different two or three months down the road? For business, I guess it’s a short term reprieve from looming chaos, but it just prolongs the uncertainty – which is the last thing companies or financial institutions want – and guarantees we will be going through all this again in the near future.”
Story Continued Below
Mnuchin conflicted — Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin is “very much involved” in negotiating with China on behalf of the movie industry, according to testimony from U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer last month, even as his most recent disclosure filing shows that his wife, Louise Linton, continues to own production company Stormchaser LLC. That disclosure form has not yet been certified by the Office of Government Ethics, even though it has had the document since last summer. Hat tip to the New York Times for connecting those dots yesterday.
Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) pressed Mnuchin on his relationship with Stormchaser at a hearing on Thursday, and the secretary said he has been advised by career ethics officials at Treasury that “I am in compliance and have no ethical issues.”
BB&T-SunTrust deal gets hearing date — Two, actually. The Federal Reserve and FDIC announced Thursday that it will hold public hearings on the proposed merger between the two large regional banks on April 25 in Charlotte and May 3 in Atlanta. The last time there were public hearings for a bank merger was for the 2015 alliance between CIT and OneWest.
The proposed deal, which would create the sixth-largest retail bank in the country, is getting congressional attention, particularly from Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.). On Thursday she said the merger would create “another too big to fail” bank, during a hearing on regulation of systemic risk posed by nonbank financial institutions.
HAPPY FRIDAY — Ben White will be back next week. Send him news at [email protected] and @morningmoneyben, and to Aubree Eliza at [email protected] and @AubreeEWeaver. And please feel free to pass along tips on financial regulation to me at: [email protected].
THIS MORNING ON POLITICO PRO FINANCIAL SERVICES — Patrick Temple-West on House Democrats’ criticism of a proposed SEC rule aimed at improving investment advice requirements. To get Morning Money every day before 6 a.m., please contact Pro Services at (703) 341-4600 or [email protected].
MALPASS UNOPPOSED — AP’s Marty Crutsinger: “The Treasury official nominated by President Donald Trump to be the next president of the World Bank has cleared a major hurdle, with nominations for the position closing with no other candidates emerging.
“The World Bank said Thursday that David Malpass was the only candidate put forward by the bank’s 189 member countries. Malpass is currently the undersecretary for international affairs at Treasury. … The World Bank said its 25-member executive board will interview Malpass in the coming days and expects a decision will be made before the bank’s spring meetings, which start April 12.” Read more.
TRUMP-XI SUMMIT WON’T HAPPEN THIS MONTH — Reuters: “U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said on Thursday that a trade summit between President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping would not happen at the end of March as had been previously suggested because there was still more work to do in U.S.-China trade negotiations. Speaking to reporters after a U.S. Senate hearing, Mnuchin also said he was not concerned about U.S. banks’ exposure to Britain’s banking sector amid uncertainty over the country’s looming exit from the European Union because institutions on both sides of the Atlantic were healthy.” Read more.
‘IT’S COMING, SO BE PREPARED’ — Our Brian Faler: “Mnuchin clashed Thursday with House Democrats over their plans to seize President Donald Trump’s tax returns. Mnuchin, who would field the Democrats’ coming demand for the returns, repeatedly declined to detail how he would handle the request since he has yet to receive it, though he appeared to imply the administration intends to fight it.
“‘I will consult with the legal department within Treasury and I will follow the law,’ Mnuchin told the House Ways and Means Committee, in his first appearance before the panel since Democrats took control of the chamber in January. ‘I can’t speculate on the request until I see it.’” Read more.
SEC CLAWBACKS — Our Patrick Temple-West: “The SEC would get twice as much time to claw back ill-gotten gains from wrongdoers as part of legislation introduced [Thursday] by Sens. Mark Warner (D-Va.) and John Neely Kennedy (R-La.). The bipartisan bill addresses a 2017 Supreme Court ruling that limited the SEC’s ability to collect ill-gotten gains to a five-year statute of limitations. The bill would extend the window of time for which the SEC can pursue such gains for harmed investors to 10 years.” More for Pros here.
NCUA BOARD NOW FULL UP — Our Zach Warmbrodt: “The Senate [on Thursday] confirmed Rodney Hood and Todd Harper to serve on the National Credit Union Administration’s board, which will have a full set of members for the first time since 2016. … [Hood] will replace NCUA board member Rick Metsger.”
Milken Institute Global Conference: Ben White will once again bring POLITICO’s Morning Money newsletter to the Milken Institute Global Conference from April 28 through May 2. The special edition newsletter will detail conference highlights, major conversations, evening festivities and VIP gatherings throughout the conference. Sign up today to receive exclusive, in-depth coverage from the scene of #MIGlobal.
WYNN’S OPPORTUNITY ZONE — WSJ’s Richard Rubin and Alexandra Berzon: “Former casino executive Steve Wynn generated $2.1 billion and a big potential tax bill last March when he was forced to sell his stake in Wynn Resorts Ltd. after sexual-misconduct allegations. Less than three months later, he held a meeting with Treasury Department officials as they were writing regulations for a new tax incentive that had the potential to help him defer and reduce those taxes.
“Mr. Wynn met with senior Treasury officials on June 4 to discuss ‘opportunity zones,’ a break that was part of the 2017 Republican tax overhaul. The opportunity-zone program gives individuals a chance to defer and reduce capital-gains taxes if they make investments into low-income areas.” Read more.
GOLDMAN JOB CUTS — Bloomberg’s Steve Dickson: “Goldman Sachs Group Inc. said in a filing it planned to eliminate 65 jobs from its New York operations. The firm filed a Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification with the New York Department of Labor describing the planned workforce reduction, which it blamed on ‘economic’ factors.” Read more.
STOCKS END MOSTLY LOWER — AP’s Damian Troise and Alex Veiga: “U.S. stocks indexes barely budged Thursday as the market’s three-day winning streak stalled. The benchmark S&P 500 index finished essentially flat as losses in communications, industrial and health care stocks outweighed gains in financial and technology companies. Several retailers and homebuilders also declined. … The market was coming off a solid three-day rally as it reclaimed some of the momentum it had in January and February.” Read more.
BUT TECH IS BACK — Reuters’ Noel Randewich: “Wall Street’s beloved tech trade is back on. U.S. technology stocks this week took back their title as the stock market’s most profitable bet of the year, and the so-called FANG stocks have regained their shine after investors dumped the high-flying group in December over fears that the decade-old bull market was dying.” Read more.
RISKY BUSINESS — WSJ’s Amrith Ramkumar: “Stock sectors that tend to gain when investors are embracing risk or expecting faster growth have performed better than others as major indexes approach last year’s peaks, boosting some analysts’ confidence the rally will continue. Fast-growing technology and internet stocks, along with sectors tied to economic cycles such as industrial and energy stocks, pushed the S&P 500 to a four-month high Wednesday and helped the benchmark equity gauge erase last week’s five-day losing streak. It fell 0.1 percent Thursday.” Read more.
HOT OFF THE PRESS — The CDFI Coalition, which represents community development financial institutions, in a new report showcases the work of 67 CDFIs. “In FY 2018, CDFIs program awardees made over 280,000 loans or investments totaling over $11 billion, including loans to nearly 15,000 small businesses,” according to the report.
BPI JOINS MEDIUM — The Bank Policy Institute has launched a new Medium channel, with an initial post on artificial intelligence and machine learning that argues outdated guidance is the primary obstacle to the adoption of critical technology that would help to expand access to credit and reduce systemic risk.
PLAYBOOK POOL: March Madness is here, which means it’s time for the third annual Playbook Pool bracket challenge hosted by our Playbook authors across the country (Washington, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Illinois, Florida and California). Track who’s up and who’s down throughout the tournament as you compete against your friends, top Playbookers, political insiders and VIPs to win prizes including an Amazon Echo, Apple Watch Series 3, iPhone XR and more. Create your bracket starting on Selection Sunday (March 17) after the highly anticipated field of teams in this year’s tournament are chosen. Click here to get in the game.
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garkomedia1 · 5 years
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Brexit on hold – POLITICO
Brexit on hold — The roller-coaster drama that is Britain’s departure from the European Union will go on, after U.K. lawmakers extended the March 29 deadline for an indeterminate amount of time in a messy 413-202 vote. For the delay to go through, it must be approved by European leaders from the other 27 countries, who will meet in Brussels next week. Prime Minister Theresa May will also try again to get Parliament to ratify her deal next week, though she will ask for some sort of extension either way.
CSIS’ Bill Reinsch on what the vote means: “It just kicks the can. There doesn’t seem to be a majority for anything except postponing making a decision. The EU will – and should – ask what will be different two or three months down the road? For business, I guess it’s a short term reprieve from looming chaos, but it just prolongs the uncertainty – which is the last thing companies or financial institutions want – and guarantees we will be going through all this again in the near future.”
Story Continued Below
Mnuchin conflicted — Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin is “very much involved” in negotiating with China on behalf of the movie industry, according to testimony from U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer last month, even as his most recent disclosure filing shows that his wife, Louise Linton, continues to own production company Stormchaser LLC. That disclosure form has not yet been certified by the Office of Government Ethics, even though it has had the document since last summer. Hat tip to the New York Times for connecting those dots yesterday.
Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) pressed Mnuchin on his relationship with Stormchaser at a hearing on Thursday, and the secretary said he has been advised by career ethics officials at Treasury that “I am in compliance and have no ethical issues.”
BB&T-SunTrust deal gets hearing date — Two, actually. The Federal Reserve and FDIC announced Thursday that it will hold public hearings on the proposed merger between the two large regional banks on April 25 in Charlotte and May 3 in Atlanta. The last time there were public hearings for a bank merger was for the 2015 alliance between CIT and OneWest.
The proposed deal, which would create the sixth-largest retail bank in the country, is getting congressional attention, particularly from Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.). On Thursday she said the merger would create “another too big to fail” bank, during a hearing on regulation of systemic risk posed by nonbank financial institutions.
HAPPY FRIDAY — Ben White will be back next week. Send him news at [email protected] and @morningmoneyben, and to Aubree Eliza at [email protected] and @AubreeEWeaver. And please feel free to pass along tips on financial regulation to me at: [email protected].
THIS MORNING ON POLITICO PRO FINANCIAL SERVICES — Patrick Temple-West on House Democrats’ criticism of a proposed SEC rule aimed at improving investment advice requirements. To get Morning Money every day before 6 a.m., please contact Pro Services at (703) 341-4600 or [email protected].
MALPASS UNOPPOSED — AP’s Marty Crutsinger: “The Treasury official nominated by President Donald Trump to be the next president of the World Bank has cleared a major hurdle, with nominations for the position closing with no other candidates emerging.
“The World Bank said Thursday that David Malpass was the only candidate put forward by the bank’s 189 member countries. Malpass is currently the undersecretary for international affairs at Treasury. … The World Bank said its 25-member executive board will interview Malpass in the coming days and expects a decision will be made before the bank’s spring meetings, which start April 12.” Read more.
TRUMP-XI SUMMIT WON’T HAPPEN THIS MONTH — Reuters: “U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said on Thursday that a trade summit between President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping would not happen at the end of March as had been previously suggested because there was still more work to do in U.S.-China trade negotiations. Speaking to reporters after a U.S. Senate hearing, Mnuchin also said he was not concerned about U.S. banks’ exposure to Britain’s banking sector amid uncertainty over the country’s looming exit from the European Union because institutions on both sides of the Atlantic were healthy.” Read more.
‘IT’S COMING, SO BE PREPARED’ — Our Brian Faler: “Mnuchin clashed Thursday with House Democrats over their plans to seize President Donald Trump’s tax returns. Mnuchin, who would field the Democrats’ coming demand for the returns, repeatedly declined to detail how he would handle the request since he has yet to receive it, though he appeared to imply the administration intends to fight it.
“‘I will consult with the legal department within Treasury and I will follow the law,’ Mnuchin told the House Ways and Means Committee, in his first appearance before the panel since Democrats took control of the chamber in January. ‘I can’t speculate on the request until I see it.’” Read more.
SEC CLAWBACKS — Our Patrick Temple-West: “The SEC would get twice as much time to claw back ill-gotten gains from wrongdoers as part of legislation introduced [Thursday] by Sens. Mark Warner (D-Va.) and John Neely Kennedy (R-La.). The bipartisan bill addresses a 2017 Supreme Court ruling that limited the SEC’s ability to collect ill-gotten gains to a five-year statute of limitations. The bill would extend the window of time for which the SEC can pursue such gains for harmed investors to 10 years.” More for Pros here.
NCUA BOARD NOW FULL UP — Our Zach Warmbrodt: “The Senate [on Thursday] confirmed Rodney Hood and Todd Harper to serve on the National Credit Union Administration’s board, which will have a full set of members for the first time since 2016. … [Hood] will replace NCUA board member Rick Metsger.”
Milken Institute Global Conference: Ben White will once again bring POLITICO’s Morning Money newsletter to the Milken Institute Global Conference from April 28 through May 2. The special edition newsletter will detail conference highlights, major conversations, evening festivities and VIP gatherings throughout the conference. Sign up today to receive exclusive, in-depth coverage from the scene of #MIGlobal.
WYNN’S OPPORTUNITY ZONE — WSJ’s Richard Rubin and Alexandra Berzon: “Former casino executive Steve Wynn generated $2.1 billion and a big potential tax bill last March when he was forced to sell his stake in Wynn Resorts Ltd. after sexual-misconduct allegations. Less than three months later, he held a meeting with Treasury Department officials as they were writing regulations for a new tax incentive that had the potential to help him defer and reduce those taxes.
“Mr. Wynn met with senior Treasury officials on June 4 to discuss ‘opportunity zones,’ a break that was part of the 2017 Republican tax overhaul. The opportunity-zone program gives individuals a chance to defer and reduce capital-gains taxes if they make investments into low-income areas.” Read more.
GOLDMAN JOB CUTS — Bloomberg’s Steve Dickson: “Goldman Sachs Group Inc. said in a filing it planned to eliminate 65 jobs from its New York operations. The firm filed a Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification with the New York Department of Labor describing the planned workforce reduction, which it blamed on ‘economic’ factors.” Read more.
STOCKS END MOSTLY LOWER — AP’s Damian Troise and Alex Veiga: “U.S. stocks indexes barely budged Thursday as the market’s three-day winning streak stalled. The benchmark S&P 500 index finished essentially flat as losses in communications, industrial and health care stocks outweighed gains in financial and technology companies. Several retailers and homebuilders also declined. … The market was coming off a solid three-day rally as it reclaimed some of the momentum it had in January and February.” Read more.
BUT TECH IS BACK — Reuters’ Noel Randewich: “Wall Street’s beloved tech trade is back on. U.S. technology stocks this week took back their title as the stock market’s most profitable bet of the year, and the so-called FANG stocks have regained their shine after investors dumped the high-flying group in December over fears that the decade-old bull market was dying.” Read more.
RISKY BUSINESS — WSJ’s Amrith Ramkumar: “Stock sectors that tend to gain when investors are embracing risk or expecting faster growth have performed better than others as major indexes approach last year’s peaks, boosting some analysts’ confidence the rally will continue. Fast-growing technology and internet stocks, along with sectors tied to economic cycles such as industrial and energy stocks, pushed the S&P 500 to a four-month high Wednesday and helped the benchmark equity gauge erase last week’s five-day losing streak. It fell 0.1 percent Thursday.” Read more.
HOT OFF THE PRESS — The CDFI Coalition, which represents community development financial institutions, in a new report showcases the work of 67 CDFIs. “In FY 2018, CDFIs program awardees made over 280,000 loans or investments totaling over $11 billion, including loans to nearly 15,000 small businesses,” according to the report.
BPI JOINS MEDIUM — The Bank Policy Institute has launched a new Medium channel, with an initial post on artificial intelligence and machine learning that argues outdated guidance is the primary obstacle to the adoption of critical technology that would help to expand access to credit and reduce systemic risk.
PLAYBOOK POOL: March Madness is here, which means it’s time for the third annual Playbook Pool bracket challenge hosted by our Playbook authors across the country (Washington, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Illinois, Florida and California). Track who’s up and who’s down throughout the tournament as you compete against your friends, top Playbookers, political insiders and VIPs to win prizes including an Amazon Echo, Apple Watch Series 3, iPhone XR and more. Create your bracket starting on Selection Sunday (March 17) after the highly anticipated field of teams in this year’s tournament are chosen. Click here to get in the game.
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brajeshupadhyay · 4 years
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UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called Wednesday for an "immediate infusion" of $15 billion to a global pool for the procurement and distribution of Covid-19 vaccines at a virtual summit hosted by the world body. The ACT-Accelerator, led by the World Health Organization, has received around $3 billion of the $38 billion needed to meet the goal of producing and delivering two billion vaccine doses, 245 million treatments and 500 million diagnostic tests over the next year. Notable new pledges included an additional 100 million euros ($117 million) by German Chancellor Angela Merkel, beyond the 675 million euros Germany has already committed. Britain's foreign minister Dominic Raab said his country, which has committed 250 million pounds ($320 million), would spend another pound for every four dollars committed by others, up to an additional 250 million pounds. Sweden's Prime Minister Stefan Lofven pledged $10 million while Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau touted a Can$440 million ($332 million) commitment made last week, half of which will go to low or middle-income countries. The World Bank's president David Malpass said he had proposed "up to $12 billion of fast-track financing" to countries for the purchase and deployment of Covid-19 vaccine, also previously announced. - 'Window of opportunity' - "These resources are crucial now to avoid losing the window of opportunity for advance purchase and production, to build stocks in parallel with licensing, to boost research, and to help countries prepare to optimize the new vaccines when they arrive," Guterres said. "Despite extraordinary efforts to contain its spread, the Covid-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, reaching one million lives lost this week," he added. "It is in every country's national and economic self-interest to work together to massively expand access to tests and treatments, and to support a vaccine as a global public good." Addressing the summit, Bill Gates announced his foundation had signed a new agreement with 16 biotech firms to expand global access to vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics. Gates said that the world was on the brink of a "great scientific achievement" in the form of a vaccine. But he added that the world's low and low middle income countries, which made up nearly half of the global population, were only on track to cover 14 percent of their people with a Covid-19 vaccine. Alex Gorsky, the CEO of Johnson and Johnson, which is part of the agreement with the Gates Foundation, told the summit his company planned to allocate 500 million vaccine doses for lower income countries by the middle of next year. WHO Director-General Tedros Ghebreyesus said he was "grateful for the generous financial commitments made" but added there remained a "significant funding gap to close."
http://sansaartimes.blogspot.com/2020/10/un-needs-immediate-infusion-of-15-bn-to.html
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tipsoctopus · 5 years
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"Terrible", "May have missed a bullet" - These Forest fans react to what January target has done
Nottingham Forest fans have taken to Twitter to react after January target Tyrone Mings appeared to stand on the head of Nelson Oliveira in Aston Villa’s 0-0 draw with Reading, in what was a shocking incident that left the Portuguese forward with some major damage to his face.
Nelson Oliveira has revaled his injuries after Tyrone Mings boot landed on his face yesterday🤢🤢🤢 pic.twitter.com/BpUIvVjzSi
— Footy Accumulators (@FootyAccums) February 3, 2019
The Nottingham Post revealed last week that the Bournemouth defender was a target for Forest boss Martin O’Neill in the January window, and the club had even agreed a £1m loan fee with the Cherries. However, Aston Villa beat them to the punch.
25-year-old Mings was making his debut for the Villans and managed to keep a clean sheet, but the unsavoury incident tarnished his good defensive work.
Be sure to check out the incredible story of the man who rose from a Tanzanian refugee camp to become one of Australia’s biggest football stars in the video below…
It is not the first time that Mings has been involved in an incident of this kind, having received a five-game ban for a stamp on Zlatan Ibrahimovic’s head back in March 2017.
They may have been gutted about missing out on him, but Forest fans aren’t too bothered anymore after witnessing what he did to Oliveira…
Whatever the loan fee was that Villa paid to take Tyrone Mings… he must surely be sitting out a good few matches of that loan after his stamp on Nelson Oliveira? Agree with Mark Halsey completely… TM seems to look down, before making contact. Looked entirely avoidable. Nasty.
— Paul Taylor (@nottmtails) February 4, 2019
He’s not a small lad, by that I mean his legs aren’t exactly short he looked down and stamped on his head, I’d be embarrassed if he was in a Forest shirt and did that, absolutely disgraceful act.
— alex (@oakes__) February 4, 2019
Short stride and looked down. Deliberate.
— Trevor Hall (@trickytrev746) February 4, 2019
The shortened final stride looks quite damning. If anything you’d expect a player to attempt to lengthen that stride to avoid standing on the man, he seems to do the opposite in my opinion. Forest may have missed a bullet with Mings.
— Kevin Malpass (@Kwm59Kevin) February 4, 2019
I think he only takes a half step to make sure he gets him too. It looks as if he changes his stride. Terrible.
— Jack Dilloway (@dilldog_red) February 4, 2019
Agreed. Mings stamp defo deliberate seems like a nasty piece of work
— DannyP (@DannyP84) February 4, 2019
He’s done it before too on Zlatan, he could have easily avoided him
— Gary (@RedDogGary) February 4, 2019
We know oli would of rattled him in the game, due thats what he does best Cleary a blatant stamp should be banned at least this season @EFL
— Jpp (@bo55jpp) February 4, 2019
He’d be in court if it wasn’t on a football pitch.
— Josh Clarke (@JPClarke6) February 4, 2019
from FootballFanCast.com http://bit.ly/2Sbsj2v via IFTTT from Blogger http://bit.ly/2BkpotQ via IFTTT
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