November 11, 2022
By Katherine Rosman
ARLINGTON, Virginia (The New York Times) — It was her last time as an election night anchor, but Judy Woodruff was not in the mood to talk about how she was feeling. With Congress hanging in the balance and election denialism in the air, she was too busy, too focused on the task at hand, to reflect on how she had gotten to this moment in a career that began more than 50 years ago.
“Maybe when the evening is over and we wrap it up and give each other a high-five or a hug or whatever we do, maybe then it will hit me,” she said at 7:46 p.m. on Tuesday, during a rare break in an eventful broadcast that would stretch past midnight.
One of the leading television journalists of her generation, Ms. Woodruff, 75, made her name while chronicling Jimmy Carter’s presidential campaign for NBC in the mid-1970s, a time when it was exceedingly rare for women to cover politics. On Tuesday, while waiting for the midterm results to come in, she was sitting with her usual ramrod-straight posture on the set of “PBS NewsHour,” the no-nonsense nightly news program that she has led as the sole anchor and managing editor since 2016.
A takeout dinner was within reach — corn and crab chowder in a white to-go container, with a whole wheat roll on the side — but she wasn’t able to have more than a few spoonfuls before she had to go back on the air.
“I have been so consumed in the last few days with poring over newspapers and research papers,” she said. “I am trying so hard not to make a mistake, to get somebody’s name wrong, to call somebody a Democrat who is a Republican, to pronounce somebody’s name wrong.”
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On the morning of May 3, 2002, Alexis Patterson’s stepfather walked her to the corner and a crossing guard guided the 7-year-old across the street toward Hi-Mount Community School in Milwaukee. At the end of the day, she didn’t come home.
A month later and more than a thousand miles away, Elizabeth Smart, 14, went to sleep in her bedroom in Salt Lake City. By the next morning, she was gone.
Within hours, Elizabeth’s disappearance was featured on CNN’s “Larry King Live” and Fox News’ “On the Record with Greta Van Susteren.” It took eight days for Alexis’ story to attract attention outside Milwaukee, with a segment on “America’s Most Wanted.” The next national story on her case aired weeks later.
By the time Elizabeth had been gone two weeks, USA TODAY had published three stories about her disappearance. There were none focused on Alexis.
The law enforcement response also differed. The day after Elizabeth disappeared, police called in the FBI and offered a $250,000 reward. In Milwaukee, the FBI didn’t join Alexis’ case until three days after she vanished. Nineteen days after she was last seen, the sheriff’s office offered a $10,000 reward.
Elizabeth is white. She was found nine months after her abduction. Alexis is Black – and still missing.
Twenty years ago, as police searched for the two girls, some advocates and experts argued that race was a key factor in how authorities and reporters handled their cases. It marked the first time the national media paid serious attention to such disparities.
Two years later, Black journalist Gwen Ifill gave the phenomenon a name: “missing white woman syndrome.” She coined the term after the disappearance of Laci Peterson, a pregnant California woman whose husband was later convicted of killing her. It played out again in 2005, when Natalee Holloway vanished on a class trip to Aruba.
Over the past eight months, the case of Gabby Petito, who disappeared on a road trip with her fiance and was later found dead, has once again brought the issue to the forefront of the public consciousness.
The fact that missing Black people command less media attention than whites has been well documented by academic researchers. Their studies have repeatedly found that cases of missing Black people, children and adults alike, are covered less often than whites and their stories don’t travel as widely through the nation’s newsrooms.
There is little empirical evidence that explains why.
A leading theory faults the lack of racial diversity in newsrooms and media ownership. Another blames the socioeconomic status of Black victims. Because missing Black children often come from high-crime, low-income neighborhoods, the reasoning goes, their families have less influence with law enforcement and fewer financial resources to devote to publicity campaigns.
The way police categorize a disappearance also plays an important role. Cases of suspected abduction, like Elizabeth’s, garner more attention from cops and reporters than children considered runaways by police, as Alexis initially was.
In new research yet to be published, Syracuse University Professor Carol Liebler found that law enforcement officers are the most prominent sources in 87% of news stories about missing children.
“My own thought is that police contribute to the problem by setting the news agenda through what cases they share with media,” she said in an email.
Smart, now an advocate for missing children, acknowledged after Petito’s disappearance how problematic it is that the cases of missing white people get more attention than missing people of color.
Smart, who was unavailable for an interview with USA TODAY while taking time away with her family, made the comments last year on the Facebook Live series Red Table Talk.
“When I think of all of these other victims, I feel like they still deserve, just every bit as much, to be found,” she said. “I don’t think there’s anyone … who is any less worthy than anybody else, myself included, to come home.”
In the coming months, USA TODAY Network reporters will embark on a national project to compile data and public records that expose why these disparities in police response and news coverage of missing children occur and how they can be addressed. In addition to race, we will examine other factors that may explain the discrepancies, including families’ incomes, whether they live in urban or rural areas and whether they have had past contact with police.
We need your help. If you know of missing children of color in your community or have experienced these disparities firsthand as a parent, friend or law enforcement officer, we want to hear from you.
Based on your tips and our own research, reporters around the country will tell the stories of missing children who have yet to be found. Children like Alexis Patterson.
‘My baby never made it’
The distance from Hi-Mount Elementary to the Pattersons’ front door was just 242 steps. Alexis always got home from school around 2:50 p.m. When she hadn’t arrived by 2:55 on that Friday in May 2002, her mother, Ayanna Patterson, began to worry. At 3, Patterson ran to the school in a panic.
“That’s when I found out that my baby never made it,” Patterson told USA TODAY. “She never made it to school.”
None of the teachers had seen Alexis that day, but no one had notified her parents of her absence even though the straight-A student prided herself on perfect attendance. Patterson checked with her grandmother, who lived nearby, but she hadn’t seen the girl either.
So Patterson called the police.
Within a day, the Milwaukee Police Department set up a mobile command post, a trailer packed with communications equipment, at a park near Alexis’ home, according to news coverage at the time. Three days later, Milwaukee Police Chief Arthur Jones told reporters he believed Alexis had run away.
That theory stemmed from an argument she had with her mother the morning she disappeared. The previous day, Patterson had taken Alexis to the store, where she picked out some cupcakes to share with her classmates. In the morning, Patterson realized Alexis hadn’t finished her homework, so she wouldn’t let her bring the treats.
Despite investigators’ belief that Alexis was so angry she skipped school, Milwaukee police acted with extreme urgency, said Chief Jeffrey Norman, who was a detective back then.
“There was a frenzied approach of, ‘There’s someone missing in our community, a young one, and we’re going to put in all the effort, the work, hold no stops,’” he said in an interview last week. “I know that the department took it very seriously. We all paid attention. We were all expected to have some type of role.”
If Alexis went missing today, Norman said, police would issue an Amber Alert because of her age. The alerts, which are disseminated to the public and the press via cellphones, billboards, news organizations and social media, include children’s photos, descriptions and information about when and where they were last seen.
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Will Women Win?
I should add, indigenous women. I listen to podcasts about every day or every other day. My favorite podcast of all time is My Favorite Murder. I feel that women have this collective obsession with true crime. Perhaps it is because most victims in these stories are women.
There are is a huge discrepancy between white women who go missing and women of color. Journalist Gwen Ifill coined the phrase "Missing White Woman Syndrome" that describes the media obsession with a white woman gone missing.
Someone who might not know too much about True Crime can either say the names of the Serial Killers, Abductors and the name of white women. A recent case was the Gabby Petito case. Gabby's own father stated that he thinks other cases of missing women should have received the media attention that her case did.
In the end, there is something that needs to be done within the media and how these cases are covered. What makes missing indigenous women or women of color less important to cover?
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Galina Timchenko, Meduza’s co-founder, executive director, and publisher, has been awarded the Gwen Ifill Press Freedom Award by the Committee to Protect Journalists. The Committee’s 32nd annual International Press Freedom Awards dinner was held on November 17, in New York.
Other awardees include the editor-in-chief of Ukrainska Pravda, Sevgil Musaieva; Cuban journalist Abraham Jimenez Enoa; Niyaz Abdullah, journalist from Iraqi Kurdistan; and Vietnamese journalist Pham Doan Trang.
In her acceptance speech, Galina Timchenko said:
Meduza was blocked in Russia a week after the war began. However, we can reach millions of Russian readers who need the truth more than ever. Our duty, our mission stays the same – to provide independent, objective information to our readers, and not to leave them alone at this darkest hour.
I’d like to paraphrase one old man, who was brave enough to save his country during the Second World War. He once said, “Victory is not final. Defeat is not failure.” It’s all about the courage to continue. And we will continue. I promise.
Galina Timchenko was awarded the European Journalist of the Year prize at the Prix Europa media festival, established by EU authorities, in Potsdam on October 28.
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