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#Mayor Leon Logic
bernummm · 8 months
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great googly moogly!
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sicktrix · 8 months
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I understand how silly and funny EP 4 was but we also gotta talk about some stuff.
The Fix jumping out of the window just like Elias did, getting a mirrored version of the scar The Big Man got from those skates all those years ago, and feeling like he is now apart of something bigger than himself.
Dan Fuck’s hearing the voice of the barista that was kind to Elias, and him waking up thinking he was in heaven after hearing their voice, meaning that Elias’s only true, lasting form of pleasure is him being loved and cared for.
PASHA N. (THE LITERAL EMBODIMENT OF PASSION) BEING A QUIET, NERVOUS LIBRARIAN TYPE FIGURE UNTIL SHE MEETS SOMEONE (THE FIX, AKA HYPERFIXATION) WHO WILL INDULGE IN HER INTERESTS AND PASSIONS, AND THE FACT THAT SHE WAS ICHABOD’S SISTER.
LEON LOGIC BEING FRANK FREEZE???!?!!??!
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marlinspirkhall · 8 months
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*looking out of a rainy window as a noir theme plays, the whole time holding a lit cigar I never smoke or acknowledge*
Says, this whole time, I thought Mentopolis was parodying Inside Out. Now, I realize there's an element of Zootopia in there, as Leon the mayor reveals he was a sheep the whole time.
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picklesinabottle · 8 months
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Going completely still every time someone's in my way, uhhh call that mayor logic
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sugaldean · 8 months
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From this scene in the adventuring party
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Freeze up and Freeze Hard
Dang i'm crying for some reason because of this sad sad response of a man
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yeehawpim · 8 months
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frank freeze looking for a new job maybe
inspired by @sootchild's bulbian pinups
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debbiewebbie27 · 9 months
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Just gonna start a list of all the references/puns in Mentopolis because my brain takes 25 minutes to recognize each one:
Mentopolis: mental+metropolis
PCs:
Detective Hunch Curio: curiosity
Imelda Pulse: impulse
The Fix: hyperfixation
Anastasia Tension: A. Tension (attention)
Daniel Fucks: he fucks (also pleasure/sexual pleasure/urges)
Conrad Schintz: conscience
NPCs:
Victim - Norrell Ojiccle: neurological
Curio's assistant - Anna Lysis: analysis
Employees at Sugah's:
Hans Schadenfreude: schadenfreude is the pleasure by someone from another person's misfortune
Joey Sneezes: sneezing?
Libby Longshower: the feeling after a long shower? (Libido?)
Donny Urges: intrusive thought
District Attorney (DA) Mark Bition: M. Bition (ambition)
Mayor Leon Logic: logic or maybe L. Logic (illogical?)
Mr. Lance: vigilance?
The basset hound - Justin Fication: justification
Madam Loathing: loathing (self-loathing)
Orphans: forgotten/abandoned (wayward) interests (magic, reptiles, trains, lists)
Mr. Avaricci: avarice?
Locations:
Cortex City: external surface of the brain that plays an important role in consciousness
Oblongata Station: medulla oblongata - the connection between the brainstem and the spinal cord that acts as a conduit for nerve signals
Cerebell Pacific: cerebrum and/or cerebellum and also Pacific Bell telephone company
Synaptic Switchboard: synapse - the site of transmission of electrical nerve impulse
Temporal Square: temporal lobe
Hippo Campus University: hippocampus is a brain structure in the temporal lobe that has a major role in learning and memory
Occipital Park: occipital lobe is the area of the brain at the back of the head responsible for visual perception
Let me know if I missed anything or there's better references
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wilderebellion · 9 months
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Character File Numbers
Hunch Curio - 421
Imelda Pulse - ??
Anastasia Tension - 001
Norrel Ojiccle - 187 [Code for Murder]
Freddy Focus - 90210
Daniel Fucks - 50085-69 [Spells Boobs on a calculator, plus the sex position]
Joey Sneezes - 502
Libby Longshower - 647
Donny Urges - 956
Hans Schadenfreude - 064
The Fix - 404
Chief Tightass - 221 [Robbery or Man with Gun?]
Mark Bition - 203
Conrad Schintz - 794
Justin Fication - 1091 [???]
Leon Logic - 538
Madam Loathing - 136 [Dissuading a witness?]
Ronnie Reptiles - 1091a
Okay 1091 may in fact refer to radio code 10-91 which means Animal, and 10-91A means Stray.
Characters who don't have art or files at this point:
Roscoe Hungry - Enforcer for Don Avaricci
Don Avaricci - Mob guy?
Mr. Lance - Chief of staff for the mayor
Anna Lysis - Assistant of Hunch Curio
The remaining Ojiccle Family: We don't know the names of the remaining six, but the sister that Anastasia spoke with identified herself as the youngest sibling. The late Norrel was the oldest.
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am-i-really-conscious · 9 months
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I haven’t even seen the first episode yet but part of me is really thinking that mayor Leon Logic might not be the logical part of the brain.
As his name is L. Logic. -> illogic
My hunch is that the big guy put Mr Leon Logic in the position thinking that it would fix his problems which lead to the prohibition. But it’s actually a faulty conclusion to assume necessary parts of life should be foregone to live a good life.
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hamable · 8 months
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ALRIGHT GANG! BIG MENTOPOLIS POST EPISODE FOUR THEORY/TIMELINE
Conrad shuffles the paper to bring the Packet to Impelda’s attention. Imelda Pulse steals the packet that was supposed to be delivered to the boss’s desk EOD.
Elias has been revealed to be one that thinks ahead, so he’d know that with something this classified, any sign of him waivering, and he won’t be allowed out of the building.
He’s been taking copper supplements knowing the likelihood that if he makes a move to stop the psychometer research, he’ll be psychometered. As of right now, the psychometer functions as a mind reader, the research packet had information on how to make it a mind changer.
Either the higher ups get the info from the packet or from Elias’s mind directly. Elias must know this. It’s not confirmed he destroyed the packet but it’s my belief that he must’ve. If nothing else, hid it extremely well.
This is all happening in a matter of minutes. He steals the packet, destroys or hides it, and equips a grappling hook. Why? He’s not leaving this building alive, not before getting psychometered and maybe not after, the boss wouldn’t risk that loose string.
He meets the boss. The psychometer goes off. Two things happen at once.
Norrell Ogical is murdered by Logic, who is currently unaccounted for in Mentopolis, as the mayor is a fraud, but logics presence is clearly palpable throughout the city. Logic takes over the board to force Elias to jump out the window.
The psychometer goes off, destroys the keyhole and has entered Elias’s mind.
Regardless of how preplanned jumping out the window is, even if it was the only logical option left, it is a fundamentally illogical thing to do. Every instinct in the brain would be trying to stop you from doing it, and it only makes sense to logic, who plans to do it for Elias’s survival. Logic would have to get up to and take out some heavy hitters in order to take control of the panel in that moment. Hence, they’d have to kill Norrell Ogical.
Given that Freeze has been pretending to be Leon Logic for some extended period of time, that leaves the question of if Freeze usurped Logic (unlikely, freeze is not a man of action) or if Logic has gone more vigilante, taking care of what needs to be done under the guise of something else. The question is, what would that something else be? Is Elias only able to make Logical decisions under the guise of something else? Could Logic be working with Fawn, attempting to maintain a low profile at the company while bidding their time to put an end to the psychometer?
Conrad stated that Logic knew them, which is how they knew the Freeze was a fraud. But how long has Freeze been acting as logic? When did Conrad and logic meet, and what beef would they have? Because I don’t know if logic would blame Conrad for the ice skate accident. The Four Fs would, but logical would, I would hope, be more logical about it. And it doesn’t sound like Freeze has been in power since the ice skating incident, or else he’d know Conrad.
What really sells Logic working behind the scenes for me is the copper supplements. Obv Elias’s conscience is worried about the psychometer. That waivering faith is on his radar, no matter how small. Logically, if he were to change his mind, or even seem like he was unsure of the project, his bosses would have no reservations about using it on him. He knows this. He’s prepared for it. That, and bringing the grappling hook. It’s more of a snap decision, but proveabley NOT an impulsive one.
Oh one other thing. Logic is likely a key holder, likely even part of the Ogical family (heartbreaking). I bet a lot of the behind the scenes work has been at the board at olblongata station with Fawn. Fuck, is logical posing as someone we met? Fuckkkk if Wilton gets revealed as Logic I’m gonna bite someone.
This is my favorite type of story, I’m thriving rn.
TLDR: logic killed Norrell Ogical, it’s possible that Logic has been working undercover/vigilante for some time, we’ve yet to meet them. Freeze has been impersonating them as we know, possibly in cahoots (or too scared to say no hehe). Logic may also be working with Fawn, since it seems Elias will not allow Logic to rule his thoughts, but as Logic clearly still has a strong presence throughout the city, logic could be working with fawn to keep a low profile and bide Elias’s time as they work to end the psychometer project.
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wolfliving · 5 years
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*Sounds fun, even with Google Translator.
Tuesday 1 October 2019 "Torino Design of the City" is back from 2 to 20 October, with over 80 events dedicated to accessible design
Turin Design of the City is back again in 2019 which, from 2 to 20 October, will lead you to explore new horizons, new themes and new relationships through a series of over 80 events organized by institutions, public and private cultural institutions, museums, theaters and libraries, dedicated to the theme of accessibility related to cultural structures, services and activities and focused on the opportunity to open up to new audiences and to work on their relationship with tangible and intangible cultural heritage.
The theme of Turin Design of the City 2019 is 'The City of the Future', chosen in close correlation with the Annual Conference of the Creative Cities of Fabriano, which took place in June 2019, and with the reflections conducted there with the cities sisters.
"Torino Design of the City 2019 confirms the creative-entrepreneurial vocation of our city" - said the Mayor of Turin Chiara Appendino - "Turin, which has become over the years a plural city, increasingly investing in innovation, research and internationalization, elements indispensable for the development of a territory, it is not new to events dedicated to the sector. Design, with its strong creative component, is therefore an important economic asset. It is culture, production, employment, industrialization, but it is also services. Within the general logic that concerns all aspects of design, the City has deepened the one dedicated to accessibility. In fact, design can be useful to redesign personal, cultural, environmental, urban, social services as well as those aimed at mobility. Topics to which our administration pays special attention ”.
It starts on Wednesday 2 October with a meeting and an exhibition at the renewed Circolo del Design, Torino Graphic Days, an international festival dedicated to visual Design. But the event of greatest resonance is the International Forum hosted on 10 and 11 October at the Polytechnic's Energy Center (via Paolo Borsellino, 38) which will be attended by representatives of the cities of Montréal, Detroit, Saint Ètienne, Kortrijk, Cape Town , Wuhan, Singapore, Seoul, Shanghai and London to share and deepen the projects that focus on the theme of accessibility and sustainability presented in response to the call launched by Turin at the XIII Annual Conference in Fabriano in June 2019. Part of the forum will be open to citizenship. while Thursday 3 October will be inaugurated on
"The goal we propose is the use of Design as a working methodology capable of giving shape also to unexpressed and latent needs, involving people as actors, together with technicians, stakeholders, to initiate or promote the birth of projects that redesign services, neighborhoods, places of the city, linking them with the red thread represented by the theme of universal accessibility and design for all "- declared Francesca Leon, Councilor for Culture of the City of Turin -" Torino Design of the City is not a festival, but a working method to build and stimulate relationships, collaborations and synergies at local, national and international level, promoting our creative, productive and entrepreneurial system of the Turin Design supply chain with attention to new experiences of innovation and digital technology ”.
The City of Turin will promote an international street-art meeting on 4th and 5th, also intended as a tool for urban regeneration. On the 16th afternoon, continuing the path begun last year, we will take stock of accessibility to museums and cultural institutions. Tuesday, October 15th, we will talk about public libraries of the future with the presence of professionals from the cities of Bremen, Helsinki, Madrid, Milan and Rome. The reflection will revolve around the role of public reading libraries in cities as squares of knowledge, space for comparison, meeting and discovery in the service of a growth of citizens' skills in the face of a world in constant evolution. The show will close on October 20 with Torino Stratosferica, the first City making festival in Italy. The program of the international review was carried out with the involvement and support of the Design Advisory Board - which involves over 47 public and private entities, including trade associations, training institutions, archives and museums - together and with the support of the Foundations Banking, the Turin Chamber of Commerce, the Turin Polytechnic and the University of Turin.
On the website www.torinodesigncity.it it is possible to consult and download the program.
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mytalemyworld · 7 years
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When the season 1 of Vatanim Sensin ended,and you know waiting and waiting for a promo or something i was thinking that probably in the 2 series Leon will comeback advanced in grade as mayor or captain,or worst took the place of his father as the commander of the greek army(and the situation would become much complicated)but prob it wouldn't happen.But i'm very excited how this series would go and the develope of characters.
Honestly I wasn’t expecting that he would come back as a soldier again. This is the most surprising thing for me about the new season. 
I thought he would be a writer, journalist or maybe go into politics. Because he clearly stated that he would never be a part of the army again. He said in season 1 that he was wearing the uniform just to be able to see Hilal. Because he knew already it was bloodstained. So why is he wearing it now? What has changed?Also his father was executed because everybody thought that he was a traitor, so who would trust his son? I mean it is not logical.
I don’t know maybe he has another plan in his mind. Maybe he has a hidden agenda. Or maybe he wants to forget everything, become a soulless person and doesn’t want to care anymore. Do you remember the dialogue between Azize and him in season 1?  
Azize: Thank you Lieutenant. Don’t ever lose your mercy.Leon: I don’t think I will lose it as long as Hilal exists (in my life).
Maybe this is the reason why he is a soldier again.
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Mentopolis OC! Melany Choly, the mayor Leon Logic's assistant at city hall, a vocal proponent of the ban of Oxytocin as a way of getting the big man to focus on his Project at Gobstopper Industries
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solefoodbrand · 5 years
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SFB Viking Pride Tee (Juneteenth Edition)
What Is Juneteenth?
by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. | Originally posted on The Root
The First Juneteenth
“The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them becomes that between employer and hired labor. The freedmen are advised to remain quietly at their present homes and work for wages. They are informed that they will not be allowed to collect at military posts and that they will not be supported in idleness either there or elsewhere.” —General Orders, Number 3; Headquarters District of Texas, Galveston, June 19, 1865
When Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger issued the above order, he had no idea that, in establishing the Union Army’s authority over the people of Texas, he was also establishing the basis for a holiday, “Juneteenth” (“June” plus “nineteenth”), today the most popular annual celebration of emancipation from slavery in the United States. After all, by the time Granger assumed command of the Department of Texas, the Confederate capital in Richmond had fallen; the “Executive” to whom he referred, President Lincoln, was dead; and the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery was well on its way to ratification.
But Granger wasn’t just a few months late. The Emancipation Proclamation itself, ending slavery in the Confederacy (at least on paper), had taken effect two-and-a-half years before, and in the interim, close to 200,000 black men had enlisted in the fight. So, formalities aside, wasn’t it all over, literally, but the shouting?
It would be easy to think so in our world of immediate communication, but as Granger and the 1,800 bluecoats under him soon found out, news traveled slowly in Texas. Whatever Gen. Robert E. Lee had surrendered in Virginia, the Army of the Trans-Mississippi had held out until late May, and even with its formal surrender on June 2, a number of ex-rebels in the region took to bushwhacking and plunder.
That’s not all that plagued the extreme western edge of the former Confederate states. Since the capture of New Orleans in 1862, slave owners in Mississippi, Louisiana and other points east had been migrating to Texas to escape the Union Army’s reach. In a hurried re-enactment of the original Middle Passage, more than 150,000 slaves had made the trek west, according to historian Leon Litwack in his book Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery. As one former slave he quotes recalled, ” ‘It looked like everybody in the world was going to Texas.’ ”
When Texas fell and Granger dispatched his now famous order No. 3, it wasn’t exactly instant magic for most of the Lone Star State’s 250,000 slaves. On plantations, masters had to decide when and how to announce the news — or wait for a government agent to arrive — and it was not uncommon for them to delay until after the harvest. Even in Galveston city, the ex-Confederate mayor flouted the Army by forcing the freed people back to work, as historian Elizabeth Hayes Turner details in her comprehensive essay, “Juneteenth: Emancipation and Memory,” in Lone Star Pasts: Memory and History in Texas.
Those who acted on the news did so at their peril. As quoted in Litwack’s book, former slave Susan Merritt recalled, ” ‘You could see lots of niggers hangin’ to trees in Sabine bottom right after freedom, ’cause they cotch ’em swimmin’ ‘cross Sabine River and shoot ’em.’ ” In one extreme case, according to Hayes Turner, a former slave named Katie Darling continued working for her mistress another six years (She ” ‘whip me after the war jist like she did ‘fore,’ ” Darling said).
Hardly the recipe for a celebration — which is what makes the story of Juneteenth all the more remarkable. Defying confusion and delay, terror and violence, the newly “freed” black men and women of Texas, with the aid of the Freedmen’s Bureau (itself delayed from arriving until September 1865), now had a date to rally around. In one of the most inspiring grassroots efforts of the post-Civil War period, they transformed June 19 from a day of unheeded military orders into their own annual rite, “Juneteenth,” beginning one year later in 1866.
” ‘The way it was explained to me,’ ” one heir to the tradition is quoted in Hayes Turner’s essay, ” ‘the 19th of June wasn’t the exact day the Negro was freed. But that’s the day they told them that they was free … And my daddy told me that they whooped and hollered and bored holes in trees with augers and stopped it up with [gun] powder and light and that would be their blast for the celebration.’ ”
Other Contenders
There were other available anniversaries for celebrating emancipation, to be sure, including the following:
* Sept. 22: the day Lincoln issued his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation Order in 1862
* Jan. 1: the day it took effect in 1863
* Jan. 31: the date the 13th Amendment passed Congress in 1865, officially abolishing the institution of slavery
* Dec. 6: the day the 13th Amendment was ratified that year
* April 3: the day Richmond, Va., fell
* April 9: the day Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant at Appomattox, Va.
* April 16: the day slavery was abolished in the nation’s capital in 1862
* May 1: Decoration Day, which, as David Blight movingly recounts in Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory, the former slaves of Charleston, S.C., founded by giving the Union war dead a proper burial at the site of the fallen planter elite’s Race Course
* July 4: America’s first Independence Day, some “four score and seven years” before President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
Each of these anniversaries has its celebrants today. Each has also had its share of conflicts and confusion. July 4 is compelling, of course, but it was also problematic for many African Americans, since the country’s founders had given in on slavery and their descendants had expanded it through a series of failed “compromises,” at the nadir of which Frederick Douglass had made his own famous declaration to the people of Rochester, N.Y., on July 5, 1852: “What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity.”
The most logical candidate for commemoration of the slave’s freedom was Jan. 1. In fact, the minute Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation had taken effect at the midpoint of the war, Northern black leaders like Douglass led massive celebrations in midnight jubilees; and on its 20th anniversary in 1883, they gathered again in Washington, D.C., to honor Douglass for all that he and his compatriots had achieved.
Yet even the original Emancipation Day had its drawbacks — not only because it coincided with New Year’s Day and the initiation dates of numerous other laws, but also because the underlying proclamation, while of enormous symbolic significance, didn’t free all the slaves, only those in the Confederate states in areas liberated by Union troops, and not those in the border states in which slavery remained legal until the ratification of the 13th Amendment. (Historians estimate that about 500,000 slaves — out of a total of 3.9 million — liberated themselves by escaping to Union lines between 1863 and the end of the war; the rest remained in slavery.)
Because of its partial effects, some scholars argue that perhaps the most significant aspect of the Emancipation Proclamation was the authorization of black men to fight in the war, both because their service proved to be crucial to the North’s war effort, and because it would be cited as irrefutable proof of the right of blacks to citizenship (which would be granted by the 14th Amendment).
No one in the post-Civil War generation could deny that something fundamental had changed as a result of Lincoln’s war measure, but dwelling on it was a separate matter, David Blight explains. Among those in the ‘It’s time to move on’ camp were Episcopal priest and scholar Alexander Crummell, who, in a May 1885 address to the graduates of Storer College, said, “What I would fain have you guard against is not the memory of slavery, but the constant recollection of it, as the commanding thought of a new people.” On the other side was Douglass, who insisted on lighting a perpetual flame to “the causes, the incidents, and the results of the late rebellion.” After all, he liked to say, the legacy of black people in America could “be traced like that of a wounded man through a crowd by the blood.”
Hard as Douglass tried to make emancipation matter every day, Jan. 1 continued to be exalted — and increasingly weighed down by the betrayal of Reconstruction. (As detailed in Plessy v. Ferguson: Who Was Plessy?, the Supreme Court’s gift to the 20th anniversary of emancipation was striking down the Civil Rights Act of 1875.) W.E.B. Du Bois used this to biting effect in his Swiftian short story, “A Mild Suggestion” (1912), in which he had his black main character provide a final solution to Jim Crow America’s obsession with racial purity: On the next Jan. 1 (“for historical reasons” it would “probably be best,” he explained), all blacks should either be invited to dine with whites and poisoned or gathered in large assemblies to be stabbed and shot. “The next morning there would be ten million funerals,” Du Bois’ protagonist predicted, “and therefore no Negro problem.”
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gentandjerkpod · 5 years
Text
SFB Viking Pride Tee (Juneteenth Edition)
What Is Juneteenth?
by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. | Originally posted on The Root
The First Juneteenth
“The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them becomes that between employer and hired labor. The freedmen are advised to remain quietly at their present homes and work for wages. They are informed that they will not be allowed to collect at military posts and that they will not be supported in idleness either there or elsewhere.” —General Orders, Number 3; Headquarters District of Texas, Galveston, June 19, 1865
When Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger issued the above order, he had no idea that, in establishing the Union Army’s authority over the people of Texas, he was also establishing the basis for a holiday, “Juneteenth” (“June” plus “nineteenth”), today the most popular annual celebration of emancipation from slavery in the United States. After all, by the time Granger assumed command of the Department of Texas, the Confederate capital in Richmond had fallen; the “Executive” to whom he referred, President Lincoln, was dead; and the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery was well on its way to ratification.
But Granger wasn’t just a few months late. The Emancipation Proclamation itself, ending slavery in the Confederacy (at least on paper), had taken effect two-and-a-half years before, and in the interim, close to 200,000 black men had enlisted in the fight. So, formalities aside, wasn’t it all over, literally, but the shouting?
It would be easy to think so in our world of immediate communication, but as Granger and the 1,800 bluecoats under him soon found out, news traveled slowly in Texas. Whatever Gen. Robert E. Lee had surrendered in Virginia, the Army of the Trans-Mississippi had held out until late May, and even with its formal surrender on June 2, a number of ex-rebels in the region took to bushwhacking and plunder.
That’s not all that plagued the extreme western edge of the former Confederate states. Since the capture of New Orleans in 1862, slave owners in Mississippi, Louisiana and other points east had been migrating to Texas to escape the Union Army’s reach. In a hurried re-enactment of the original Middle Passage, more than 150,000 slaves had made the trek west, according to historian Leon Litwack in his book Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery. As one former slave he quotes recalled, ” ‘It looked like everybody in the world was going to Texas.’ ”
When Texas fell and Granger dispatched his now famous order No. 3, it wasn’t exactly instant magic for most of the Lone Star State’s 250,000 slaves. On plantations, masters had to decide when and how to announce the news — or wait for a government agent to arrive — and it was not uncommon for them to delay until after the harvest. Even in Galveston city, the ex-Confederate mayor flouted the Army by forcing the freed people back to work, as historian Elizabeth Hayes Turner details in her comprehensive essay, “Juneteenth: Emancipation and Memory,” in Lone Star Pasts: Memory and History in Texas.
Those who acted on the news did so at their peril. As quoted in Litwack’s book, former slave Susan Merritt recalled, ” ‘You could see lots of niggers hangin’ to trees in Sabine bottom right after freedom, ’cause they cotch ’em swimmin’ ‘cross Sabine River and shoot ’em.’ ” In one extreme case, according to Hayes Turner, a former slave named Katie Darling continued working for her mistress another six years (She ” ‘whip me after the war jist like she did ‘fore,’ ” Darling said).
Hardly the recipe for a celebration — which is what makes the story of Juneteenth all the more remarkable. Defying confusion and delay, terror and violence, the newly “freed” black men and women of Texas, with the aid of the Freedmen’s Bureau (itself delayed from arriving until September 1865), now had a date to rally around. In one of the most inspiring grassroots efforts of the post-Civil War period, they transformed June 19 from a day of unheeded military orders into their own annual rite, “Juneteenth,” beginning one year later in 1866.
” ‘The way it was explained to me,’ ” one heir to the tradition is quoted in Hayes Turner’s essay, ” ‘the 19th of June wasn’t the exact day the Negro was freed. But that’s the day they told them that they was free … And my daddy told me that they whooped and hollered and bored holes in trees with augers and stopped it up with [gun] powder and light and that would be their blast for the celebration.’ ”
Other Contenders
There were other available anniversaries for celebrating emancipation, to be sure, including the following:
* Sept. 22: the day Lincoln issued his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation Order in 1862
* Jan. 1: the day it took effect in 1863
* Jan. 31: the date the 13th Amendment passed Congress in 1865, officially abolishing the institution of slavery
* Dec. 6: the day the 13th Amendment was ratified that year
* April 3: the day Richmond, Va., fell
* April 9: the day Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant at Appomattox, Va.
* April 16: the day slavery was abolished in the nation’s capital in 1862
* May 1: Decoration Day, which, as David Blight movingly recounts in Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory, the former slaves of Charleston, S.C., founded by giving the Union war dead a proper burial at the site of the fallen planter elite’s Race Course
* July 4: America’s first Independence Day, some “four score and seven years” before President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
Each of these anniversaries has its celebrants today. Each has also had its share of conflicts and confusion. July 4 is compelling, of course, but it was also problematic for many African Americans, since the country’s founders had given in on slavery and their descendants had expanded it through a series of failed “compromises,” at the nadir of which Frederick Douglass had made his own famous declaration to the people of Rochester, N.Y., on July 5, 1852: “What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity.”
The most logical candidate for commemoration of the slave’s freedom was Jan. 1. In fact, the minute Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation had taken effect at the midpoint of the war, Northern black leaders like Douglass led massive celebrations in midnight jubilees; and on its 20th anniversary in 1883, they gathered again in Washington, D.C., to honor Douglass for all that he and his compatriots had achieved.
Yet even the original Emancipation Day had its drawbacks — not only because it coincided with New Year’s Day and the initiation dates of numerous other laws, but also because the underlying proclamation, while of enormous symbolic significance, didn’t free all the slaves, only those in the Confederate states in areas liberated by Union troops, and not those in the border states in which slavery remained legal until the ratification of the 13th Amendment. (Historians estimate that about 500,000 slaves — out of a total of 3.9 million — liberated themselves by escaping to Union lines between 1863 and the end of the war; the rest remained in slavery.)
Because of its partial effects, some scholars argue that perhaps the most significant aspect of the Emancipation Proclamation was the authorization of black men to fight in the war, both because their service proved to be crucial to the North’s war effort, and because it would be cited as irrefutable proof of the right of blacks to citizenship (which would be granted by the 14th Amendment).
No one in the post-Civil War generation could deny that something fundamental had changed as a result of Lincoln’s war measure, but dwelling on it was a separate matter, David Blight explains. Among those in the ‘It’s time to move on’ camp were Episcopal priest and scholar Alexander Crummell, who, in a May 1885 address to the graduates of Storer College, said, “What I would fain have you guard against is not the memory of slavery, but the constant recollection of it, as the commanding thought of a new people.” On the other side was Douglass, who insisted on lighting a perpetual flame to “the causes, the incidents, and the results of the late rebellion.” After all, he liked to say, the legacy of black people in America could “be traced like that of a wounded man through a crowd by the blood.”
Hard as Douglass tried to make emancipation matter every day, Jan. 1 continued to be exalted — and increasingly weighed down by the betrayal of Reconstruction. (As detailed in Plessy v. Ferguson: Who Was Plessy?, the Supreme Court’s gift to the 20th anniversary of emancipation was striking down the Civil Rights Act of 1875.) W.E.B. Du Bois used this to biting effect in his Swiftian short story, “A Mild Suggestion” (1912), in which he had his black main character provide a final solution to Jim Crow America’s obsession with racial purity: On the next Jan. 1 (“for historical reasons” it would “probably be best,” he explained), all blacks should either be invited to dine with whites and poisoned or gathered in large assemblies to be stabbed and shot. “The next morning there would be ten million funerals,” Du Bois’ protagonist predicted, “and therefore no Negro problem.”
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