#Rabindranath Tagore Rabindranath Tagore biography
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Gitanjali || Book by Rabindranath Tagore || Book Review || Prabhat Prakashan
Book Link : https://www.amazon.in/dp/9380186053
महाकाव्य का महत्व: 'गीतांजलि' नोबल पुरस्कार विजेता कवी रवींद्रनाथ टैगोर का प्रसिद्ध महाकाव्य है।
समाज के प्रति ज़िम्मेदारी: यह महाकाव्य समाज के मूल्यों और भावनाओं को उजागर करता है।
भारतीय संस्कृति का प्रतिनिधित्व: 'गीतांजलि' भारतीय संस्कृति और धार्मिक विचारधारा का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है।
सभ्यता का ध्यान: इसमें मानवता, संवेदनशीलता, और समाजिक न्याय के महत्वपूर्ण सिद्धांतों का मंथन किया गया है।
प्रेरणादायक रचना: यह महाकाव्य हर व्यक्ति को जीवन के महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दों पर सोचने के लिए प्रेरित करता है।
भावनात्मक संवेदनशीलता: गीतांजलि में उच्च भावनात्मक संवेदनशीलता का वर्णन है, जो पाठकों के दिलों को छूती है।
साहित्यिक महत्व: यह महाकाव्य भारतीय साहित्य के महत्वपूर्ण भाग के रूप में माना जाता है और उसकी महत्वपूर्ण कड़ी में स्थान है।
सांस्कृतिक विरासत का प्रतिनिधित्व: गीतांजलि सांस्कृतिक विरासत का महत्वपूर्ण प्रतिनिधित्व करता है और उसकी महत्वपूर्ण बातें आज भी उतनी ही महत्वपूर्ण हैं जितनी कि इसके रचना के समय थीं।
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কবিগুরুর জীবনীর ওপর তৈরি হতে চলেছে ছবি
রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর, ভারতীয় সাহিত্যে শুধু একটি নাম নয়, বরং সাংস্কৃতিক ও বৌদ্ধিকতার মূর্ত প্রতীক। তার জীবন এবং কাজগুলি বহু প্রজন্মকে অনুপ্রাণিত করে এসেছে। তাঁর সৃষ্টির ওপর ভিত্তি করে অনেক চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ছবি বানিয়েছেন কিন্তু এবারে, এক চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের জীবনীর ওপর ভিত্তি করে বানাতে চলেছেন ছবি৷ আসন্ন এই ছবিটি কেবল একটি বায়োপিকই নয় বরং এটি রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের আত্মপলব্ধি, দর্শনকে আরও তীক্ষ্ণভাবে পর্দায় তুলে ধরার প্রচেষ্টা। এই ছবিটি একটি অনন্য সিনেমাটিক অভিজ্ঞতার মাধ্যমে বিশ্বে রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের প্রভাব সম্বন্ধে একটি সামগ্রিক উপলব্ধি প্রদান করবে বলে আশা করা যায়।এই ছবির পরিচালক কে, কারা কোন চরিত্রে অভিনয় করছেন এবং এই ছবির ব্যাপারে আরও অজানা তথ্য জানতে ক্লিক করুন Rabindranath tagore biopic
#Rabindranath tagore biopic#রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের জীবনী#Kabiguru rabindranath tagore#বিশ্বকবি রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর#rabindranath tagore biography
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रवींद्रनाथ टैगोर जयंती : जीवन गाथा और उनकी 5 सर्वश्रेष्ठ कविताएँ
रवींद्रनाथ टैगोर का जन्म 7 मई, 1861 को कलकत्ता में हुआ था। रवींद्रनाथ टैगोर श्री देबेंद्रनाथ टैगोर और श्रीमती शारदा देवी के पुत्र थे। रवींद्रनाथ टैगोर जब युवा थे, तब उनकी मां का निधन हो गया। उनकी पत्नी मृणालिनी देवी थीं। उनके पिता एक यात्री थे और इसीलिए नौकर-चाकरों द्वारा उनका पालन-पोषण हुआ ।
और अधिक पढ़ने के लिए…
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Recalling Rabindranath Tagore:Tradition of a Scholarly Goliath
Rabindranath Tagore, a famous writer, rationalist, performer, and craftsman, keeps on being a signal of motivation in Indian and worldwide writing. His significant effect on different aspects of culture, going from writing to workmanship and reasoning, has made a permanent imprint that rises above time. This article honors the demise commemoration of Rabindranath Tagore, thinking about his life,…
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Rabindranath Tagore Biography Pdf
Rabindranath Tagore Biography Pdf: Rabindranath Tagore was a prominent Indian poet, philosopher, and polymath who lived from 1861 to 1941. He was the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for his collection of poems called "Gitanjali." Tagore's literary works explored themes of love, nature, and the human condition, and his writing showcased his deep spiritual and philosophical insights. He was also a social reformer and played a crucial role in India's independence movement. Tagore's contributions to literature and his efforts towards cultural and educational reform left an indelible mark on Indian society. His works continue to inspire and resonate with people worldwide. A PDF biography of Rabindranath Tagore can be found through various online platforms or digital libraries.
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2024 Book Review #27 – From the Ruins of Empire: The Revolt Against the West and the Remaking of Asia by Pankaj Mishra
Yet another work of nonfiction I picked up because an intriguing-sounding quote from it went viral on tumblr. This was the fifth history book I’ve read this year, but the first that tries very consciously to be an intellectual history. Both an interesting and a frustrating read – my overall opinion went back and forth a few times both as I read and as I put together this review.
The book is ostensibly a history of Asia’s intellectual response to European empire’s sudden military and economic superiority and political imperialism in the 19th and 20th centuries, though it’s focus and sympathy is overwhelmingly with what it calls ‘middle ground’ responses (i.e. neither reactionary traditionalism nor unthinking westernization). It structures this as basically a series of biographies of notable intellectual figures from the Islamic World, China and India from throughout the mid-late 19th and early 20th centuries - Liang Qichao and Jamal al-Din al-Afghani get star bidding and by far the most focus, with Rabindranath Tagore a distant third and a whole scattering of more famous personages further below him.
The central thesis of the book is essentially that the initial response of most rich, ancient Asian societies to sudden European dominance (rung in by the Napoleonic occupation of Egypt and the British colonization of India) was denial, followed (once European guns and manufactured goods made this untenable) by a deep sense of inferiority and humiliation. This sense of inferiority often resulted in attempts by ruling elites and intellectuals to abandon their own traditions and westernize wholesale (the Ottoman Tanzimat reforms, the New Culture Movement in China, etc), but at the same time different intellectual currents responded to the crisis by synthesizing their own visions of modernity, and tried to construct a new world with a centre other than the West.
I will be honest, my first and most fundamental issue with this book is that I just wish it was something it wasn’t. Which is to say, it is a resolutely intellectual and idealist history, convinced of the power of ideas and rhetoric as the engine for changing the world. Which means that the biography of one itinerant revolutionary is exhaustively followed so as to trace the evolution of his world-historically important thoughts, but the reason the Tanzimat Reforms failed is just brushed aside as having something to do with europhile bureaucrats building opera houses in Istanbul. Not at all hyperbole to say I’d really rather it was actually the exact opposite – the latter is just a much more interesting subject!
Not that the biographies aren’t interesting! They very much are, and do an excellent job of getting across just how interconnected the non-Western (well, largely Islamic and to a lesser extent Sino-Pacific) world was in the early/mid-19th century, and even moreso how late 19th/early 20th century globalization was not at all solely a western affair. They’re also just fascinating in their own right, the personalities are larger than life and the archetype of the globe-trotting polyglot intelligentsia is one I’ve always found very compelling. While I complain about the lack of detail, the book does at least acknowledge the social and economic disruptions that even purely economic colonialism created, and the impoverishment that created the social base the book’s subjects would eventually try to arouse and organize. And, even if I wish they were all dug into in far more detail, the book’s narrative is absolutely full of fascinating anecdotes and episodes I want to read about in more detail now.
Which is a problem with the book that it’s probably fairer to hold against it – it’s ostensible subject matter could fill libraries, and so to fit what it wants to into a readable 400-page volume, it condenses, focuses, filters and simplifies to the point of myopia. Which, granted, is the stereotypical historian’s complaint about absolutely anything that generalizes beyond the level of an individual village or commune, but still.
This isn’t at all helped but the overriding sense that this was a book that started with the conclusion and then went back looking for evidence to support its thesis and create a narrative. Which is a shame, because the section on the post-war and post-decolonization world is by far the sloppiest and least convincing, in large part because you can feel the friction of the author trying to make their thesis fit around the obvious objections to it.
Which is to say, the book draws a line on the evolution of Asian thought through trying to westernize/industrialize/nationalize and compete with the west on it’s own terms (in the book’s view) a more authentic and healthy view that rejects the western ideals of materialism and nationalism into something more spiritual, humane, and cosmopolitan, with Gandhi kind of the exemplar of this kind of view. It tries to portray this anti-materialistic worldview as the ideology of the future, the natural belief system of Asia which Europe and America can hope to learn from. It then, ah, lets say struggles to to find practical evidence of this in modern politics or economics, lets say (the Islamic Republic of Iran and Edrogan’s Turkey being the closest). It is also very insistent that ‘westernization’ is a false god that can never work, which is an entirely reasonable viewpoint to defend but if you are then you really gotta remember that Japan/South Korea/Taiwan like, exist while going through all the more obvious failures. One is rather left feeling that Mishra is trying to speak an intellectual hegemony into existence, here. (The constant equivocation and discomfort when bringing up socialism – the materialistic western export par excellence, but also perhaps somewhat important in 20th century Asian intellectual life – also just got aggravating).
It’s somewhere between interesting and bleakly amusing that modernity and liberal democracy have apparently been discredited and ideologically exhausted for more than one hundred years now! Truly we are ruled by the ideals of the dead.
I could honestly complain about the last chapter at length – the characterization of Islam as somehow more deeply woven in and inextricable from Muslim societies than any other religion and the resultant implicit characterization of secular government as necessarily western intellectual colonialism is a big one – but it really is only a small portion of the book, so I’ll restrain myself. Though the casual mention of the failures of secular and socialist post-colonial nation-building projects always just reminds me of reading The Jakarta Method and makes me sad.
So yeah! I felt significantly more positively about the book before I sat down and actually organized my thoughts about it. Not really sure how to take that.
#book review#history#From the Ruins of Empire#From the Ruins of Empire: The Revolt Against the West and the Remaking of Asia#Pankaj Mishra
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Some of the books in MJ's library
Taj Jackson shared that his famous uncle loved the book The Law of Success by Napoleon Hill. He says Jackson loved this book and owned several copies of it.
According to biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli, in the early 80s, Jackson gave copies of the book The Autobiography of P.T. Barnum to both his lawyer and manager and told them, "Make this your Bible. I want my life to be the greatest show on earth."
The Old Man and The Sea by Ernest Hemingway
Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving
The Power of Positive Thinking by Norman Vincent Peale
Animal Language by Michael Bright
Complete Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson
The 48 Laws of Power
Seagull by Jonathan Livingston
Poetry by Rabindranath Tagore
Robert Burns poems
White Nights: The Story of a Prisoner in Russia by Menachem Begin
Hagakure: The Book of The Samurai by T. Yamamoto
Books by Sri Aurobindo
Books by Kalki Krishnamurthy
The Greatest Salesman in the World by OG Mandino
Malcolm X by Malcolm Haley
The Red Balloon by Albert Lamorisse
The Complete Works of O. Henry
The Verger by Somerset Maugham
The Reluctant Dragon by Kenneth Grahame
The Children's Hour by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
The Tyger by William Blake
Sufi Poetry
The Bridge of Sighs by Thomas Hood
The Prophet by Khalil Gibran
Thoughts of Love: A Collection of Poems on Love by Susan Polis Schutz
Complete Stories and Poems of Edgar Allen Poe
They Cage the Animals at Night by Jennings Michael Burch
The Gift of Acabar by Og Mandino
Leaders of Men by Henry Woldmar Ruoff
Reflections in Black by Deborah Willis
Black in America by Eli Reed
Black Heroes of The 20th Century by Jessie Carney Smith
The Negro Caravan by Sterling A. Brown
Before the Mayflower by Lerone Bennet Jr.
How to Eat To Live by Elijah Muhammad
Your Creative Power by Alex Osborn
My Autobiography by Charlie Chaplin
Elvis Day By Day by Peter Guralnick
James Dean: An American Icon by David Loehr
Goldwyn: A Biography by A. Scott Berg
Duse: A Biography by William Weaver
Steps In Time by Fred Astaire
Bruce Lee: The Celebrated Life of the Golden Dragon by John Little
Songs My Mother Taught Me by Marlon Brando
Elia Kazan: A Life by Elia Kazan
The Rolling Stones: A Life on the Road
Abraham Lincoln by Carl Sandburg
Lincoln's Devotional by Carl Sandburg
Lennon in America: 1971-1980, Based in Part on the Lost Lennon Diaries, by Geoffrey Giuliano
Glass Onion: The Beatles In Their Own Words by Geoffrey Giuliano
The Beatles Illustrated Lyrics by Alan Aldridge
The Lost Lennon Interviews by Geoffrey Giuliano
Things We Said Today: Conversations with the Beatles by Geoffrey Giuliano
Books about Hitler - talking to Rabbi Schmuley Boteach, he said, "Hitler was a genius orator. To make that many people turn and change and hate, he had to be a showman and he was."
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Book Riot's 2022 Read Harder Challenge
Challenge Link
Complete
24/24
A good "get out of your comfort zone" reading challenge. This is my 4th year participating.
Finished with a day to spare!
Full list below the cut.
1. Read a biography of an author you admire.
Gone to the Woods by Gary Paulsen
More a memoir than a biography, but a really interesting look at the early life of a very formative author for me.
2. Read a book set in a bookstore.
The Cat Who Saved Books by Sōsuke Natsukawa
Japanese books with cats seems to be a winning combination for me. Lots of discussion of loss and how to move on.
3. Read any book from the Women’s Prize shortlist/longlist/winner list.
The Song of Achilles by Madeline Miller
I don't usually do tragedies, but this one worked for me! Maybe because they pretty deliberately chose the tragedy? And it ended on a semi-hopeful note.
4. Read a book in any genre by a POC that’s about joy and not trauma.
Wash Day Diaries by Jamila Rowser and Robyn Smith
A fun graphic novel revolving around four friends, their daily lives, friendship, and hair.
5. Read an anthology featuring diverse voices.
Elemental Magic, edited by Mercedes Lackey
I love Lackey's Elemental Magicians series and this is a whole bunch of authors writing stories set throughout time and around the world.
6. Read a nonfiction YA comic.
U.S. Ghost Army by Nel Yomtov and Alessandro Valdrighi
This was a surprisingly difficult prompt. I thought this story of the "Ghost Army" in WWII lent itself to a visual medium.
7. Read a romance where at least one of the protagonists is over 40.
This is How You Lose the Time War by Max Gladstone and Amal El-Mohtar
This was an interesting and sweet read, even if I still feel like immortals is a bit cheating for this prompt.
8. Read a classic written by a POC.
Rashomon and Other Stories by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa
Fascinating stories that are very focused on the vagaries of human nature, but in a very down to earth way that sometimes pokes fun at more pretentious stories.
9. Read the book that’s been on your TBR the longest.
Sorcerer to the Crown by Zen Cho
Fudged this one a little, it was actually #5 on my TBR, but all the ones before it were either doorstoppers, hard to get a hold of, or the beginning of massive series I didn’t feel like getting into. A solid fantasy, even if it didn't seem as revolutionary as I kept seeing reviews claim.
10. Read a political thriller by a marginalized author (BIPOC, or LGBTQIA+).
While Justice Sleeps by Stacey Abrams
I think some of the plot mechanics went over my head, but it was a fun ride.
11. Read a book with an asexual and/or aromantic main character.
Beyond the Black Door by A.M. Strickland
Interesting premise if a little too YA for my tastes.
12. Read an entire poetry collection.
Gitanjali by Rabindranath Tagore
Nothing super stuck out to me? Poetry doesn't a lot of the time, though.
13. Read an adventure story by a BIPOC author.
Daughter of the Moon Goddess by Sue Lynn Tan
This was an interesting take on the Moon Goddess story. I appreciated how much Xingyin drove the plot.
14. Read a book whose movie or TV adaptation you’ve seen (but haven’t read the book).
The Last Unicorn by Peter S. Beagle
I can't believe how long it took me to read this book, having loved the movie forever. It has all the charm of the movie and then some.
15. Read a new-to-you literary magazine (print or digital).
Uncanny Magazine Issue 37, edited by Lynne M. Thomas and Michael Damian Thomas, and Chimedum Ohaegbu and Elsa Sjunneson
I loved a lot of the stories in this and the essays and interviews were interesting. I'll have to see if my library has more volumes!
16. Read a book recommended by a friend with different reading tastes.
Base Notes by Lara Elena Donnelly
Read this for book club, recommended by a friend who loves true crime. This is a thriller and is aggressively millennial. It's probably not fair that I kept comparing it to Perfume: Making of a Murderer, but Base Notes is so close in so many ways, without actually seeming to be aware of the fairly famous book?
17. Read a memoir written by someone who is trans or nonbinary.
Gender Queer by Maia Kobabe
A very personal exploration of gender in graphic novel form. Heads up for a few visuals of genitalia.
18. Read a “Best _ Writing of the year” book for a topic and year of your choice.
The Best American Science Fiction and Fantasy 2022, edited by John Joseph Adams and Rebecca Roanhorse
I loved so many of these stories and I have a few new authors to add to my tbr!
19. Read a horror novel by a BIPOC author.
Nothing but Blackened Teeth by Cassandra Khaw
Wonderfully creepy and atmospheric, but not sure I could actually follow the plot?
20. Read an award-winning book from the year you were born.
Beauty by Sheri S. Tepper
A series of fairy tales, with a very aware heroine because of the time travel. Content warnings for sexual assault, ableism, "humans are the parasite."
21. Read a queer retelling of a classic of the canon, fairytale, folklore, or myth.
The Grimrose Girls by Laura Pohl
Interesting, if not original, premise. Did not see the ending coming and I'll probably pick up the sequel at some point.
22. Read a history about a period you know little about.
Fear on Trial by John Henry Faulk
Mostly about the trial that ended Hollywood blacklisting during the Red Scare. I wish he had widened focus a little to talk more about his family and how his pursuing the suit affected them. Lots of trial transcripts and occasionally very witty.
23. Read a book by a disabled author.
One for All by Lillie Lainoff
A fun retelling of the Three Musketeers. I loved the really intentional choices of what to keep and what to change from the original book.
24. Pick a challenge from any of the previous years’ challenges to repeat! (2021/2019 - A historical fiction with POC or LGBTQ protagonist)
A Marvellous Light by Freya Marske
Loved this book! An interesting magic system and a neat look at where a fairly secret magic system brushes up against the mundane government. A sweet romance.
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Rabindranath Tagore Biography Hindi
Rabindranath Tagore Biography Hindi: रवींद्रनाथ टैगोर, एक मशहूर भारतीय कवि, लेखक, और साहित्यिक थे। वह 7 मई, 1861 को कोलकाता, भारत में जन्मे। टैगोर ने कई रचनाएं लिखीं, जिनमें कविताएं, गीत, नाटक, उपन्यास और लेख शामिल हैं। उनकी कविताएं और गाने आज भी बहुत प्रसिद्ध हैं और उन्हें नोबेल पुरस्कार से भी नवाजा गया। टैगोर के साहित्यिक योगदान ने उन्हें देश और विदेश में मान्यता प्राप्त कराई और उन्होंने साहित्य के माध्यम से विश्व सुधार और सामाजिक परिवर्तन की प्रेरणा दी। टैगोर 7 अगस्त, 1941 को निधन हुए, लेकिन उनकी कला और साहित्यिक उपलब्धियां हमेशा याद रहेंगी।
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In the 20th century.
Biography of translators in the 20th century.
Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński (1874-1941), a Polish poet, translated more than 100 French literary classics, including works by poet François Villon, by writers Rabelais and La Rochefoucauld, by philosophers Montaigne and Montesquieu, by novelists Stendhal, Balzac and Proust, by playwrights Molière, Racine, Marivaux and Beaumarchais, and by philosophers Voltaire, Descartes and Pascal. He was murdered in July 1941 during the Nazi occupation of Poland, together with 24 other Polish professors, in what became known as the massacre of Lviv professors (Lviv is now in Ukraine).
Zenobia Camprubi (1887-1956), a Spanish feminist writer, was the first translator of Bengali writer Rabindranath Tagore’s works into Spanish, and translated 22 works by Tagore (collections of poems, short stories, plays) over the years. Married to Spanish poet Juan Ramón Jiménez, she was a pioneer of feminism for actively promoting women in society in all the places where she lived (Spain, Cuba, the United States, Puerto Rico).
James Strachey (1887-1967), an English psychoanalyst, translated with his wife Alix Strachey (1892-1973) all the works of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud after moving to Vienna, Austria. The 24-volume translation was published by Hogarth Press in London under the title “The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud”, with introductions to Freud’s various works, and extensive bibliographical and historical footnotes. It became the reference edition of Freud’s works in English, as well as a reference work for translations into other languages.
Boris Pasternak (1890-1960), a Russian writer, turned to translation to provide for his family after being vilified for his refusal to glorify communist values in his writings. He translated works by German poets Goethe, Rilke and Schiller, by French poet Verlaine, by Spanish dramatist Calderón de la Barca, and by English playwright Shakespeare. Because of their colloquial and modernised dialogues, his translations of Shakespeare’s plays were more popular with Russian audiences than translations by Russian writers Mikhail Lozinsky (1886-1955) and Samuil Marshak (1887-1964).
Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), an Argentine writer, translated into Spanish — while subtly transforming — works by English writers Rudyard Kipling and Virginia Woolf, by American writers William Faulkner, Edgar Allan Poe and Walt Whitman, by German writers Hermann Hesse and Franz Kafka, by French writer André Gide, and by others. He also wrote and lectured extensively on the art of translation.
Charlotte H. Bruner (1917-1999), an American scholar, translated works by African French women writers for them to reach a wider audience. With her husband David Kincaid, she spent one year in Africa interviewing these women writers, and aired these interviews after their return to the United States. She was a pioneer in African studies and in world literature at a time when American universities mainly taught European literature.
Simin Daneshvar (1921-2012), an Iranian writer, and Jalal Al-e-Ahmad (1923-1969), an Iranian philosopher, translated many literary works into Persian. Simin Daneshvar translated works by Russian writers Anton Chekhov and Maxim Gorki, by American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne, by Austrian writer Arthur Schnitzler, by Armenian-American writer William Saroyan and by South African writer Alan Paton. Jalal Al-e-Ahmad translated works by Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoyevsky and by French writers Albert Camus, Jean-Paul Sartre, André Gide and Eugène Ionesco.
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রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর জীবনী | Rabindranath Tagore Biography in Bengali
কবিগুরু রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের জীবনী
নাম:
রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর
জন্মতারিখ:
১৮৬১ সালের ৭ই মে
জন্মস্থান:
কলকাতার জোড়াসাঁকো ঠাকুরবাড়ি
পিতার নাম:
মহর্ষি দেবেন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর
মাতার নাম:
সার��াসুন্দরী দেবী
স্ত্রীয়ের নাম:
মৃণালিনী দেবী
পুরস্কার:
সাহিত্যে নোবেল পুরস্কার
ছদ্মনাম:
ভানুসিংহ
মৃত্যুতারিখ:
১৯৪১ সালের ৭ই আগস্ট
মৃত্যুস্থান:
কলকাতার জোড়াসাঁকো ঠাকুরবাড়ি
ভূমিকা:
“আজি এ প্রভাতে রবির করকেমনে পশিল…
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Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose Biography
Over 100 years after Jagadish Chandra Bose ( জগদীশ চন্দ্র বসু ) conducted the test that built up plants have life, a gathering of scientists in Calcutta came together this year to rehash it.
Supriyo Kumar Das, an associate educator of Geology at Presidency University, drove the activity. The others in the group were additionally from Presidency — Debashis Datta and Rabindranath Gayen, both colleague teachers of Physics, Snigddha Pal Chowdhury, a research associate in the Geology office, Abhijit Dey, an associate educator of Botany, and Saranya Naskar, a MSc understudy of Physics.
Bose, who had joined Presidency College in 1885 as an educator in the Physics office, had conducted the trial in a research facility on these very precincts. Regardless of the amount he is hailed today for his scientific virtuoso, in his time Bose's investigation had not been received well.
Everything started when Peter V. Minorsky, a botanist and teacher at Mercy College in the US, connected with Das not long ago. Minorsky needed to think about the groundwater composition in the College Street region, where Presidency University stands.
Says Das, "It is from him that I caught wind of the prejudices against Bose. In the course of our exchanges, I got intrigued and sincerely associated with Bose's work."
He had been viciously criticized by George James Peirce, teacher of Plant Physiology at Stanford University. Peirce wrote in the journal, Science, in 1927: "The issue with Bose… is that while his curiosity is directed to biological marvels, his psyche is deficiently furnished with the data and propensities necessary for accurate investigation, and his reflections are routed to philosophical issues."
In 1929, the Indian Review detailed that G.A. Perrson, who was from the US, was not able discover beat in plants. Furthermore, years after the fact, in the mid-1960s, in the Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie (Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology), it was stated, "Shockingly Bose's theoretical perspectives and his passionate style of revealing have produced what might be an excessive skepticism concerning the legitimacy of his perceptions."
This is the thing that Bose had watched. By concocting a wire electrode — an innovation three decades relatively revolutionary — he distinguished a throbbing layer of cells adjoining the vascular tissue in plants. In an email to The Telegraph, Minorsky says, "Over the most recent couple of years, plant scientists have come to recognize this layer is the site of proliferating influxes of calcium discharge that are engaged with communicating worry from local purposes of occurrence to the remainder of the plant. The discovery of this calcium wave is one of the all the more exciting discoveries of the 21st century, and Bose's 'plant heart' originates before this discovery by a century."
Bose has left notes galore about each aspect of his historic analysis. One of the solitary oversights is the sort of water utilized. Says Das, "Being a geochemist and scientist, I comprehend the composition of groundwater and the effect of chemical worry of sodium on plants. I additionally realize that the composition of water fluctuates from place to place." He includes, "It occurred to us that Bose's companions in the West probably won't have indistinguishable outcomes from him because of the water utilized."
In Bose's time, water was provided to the Presidency campus from Palta in the Barrackpore zone. Das focuses to a spot occupied by a lift on the ground floor of Baker Building that houses the Physics office and says, "This is the place the old pipeline ran." Currently, the municipality deals with the water supply. It comes from the Tala tank in north Calcutta.
At the point when Das and others rehashed the test, they decided to utilize water from each conceivable source Bose may have accessed. "He could have additionally utilized water from the Ganges or from the lake in College Square," says Das.
Datta clarifies, "We needed to check the potassium and sodium concentration. Electricity courses through water just when there are a few particles present in it. Potentially, the scientists from the West had not utilized ionized water."
The "repeaters" utilized for the test the plant Bose had utilized — the Desmodium motorium, locally known as bon charal. Minorsky clarifies, "The parallel flyers of Desmodium are remarkable in the plant realm for their pronounced and ridiculous oscillatory developments. In the event that conditions are ideal, one can watch these sidelong handouts move at a pace marginally more slow than the second hand of a watch."
According to Minorsky, Bose enjoyed certain tremendous favorable circumstances over his Western peers. To start with, Desmodium motorium is a local of Bengal, so he approached a plentiful stock of solid, flourishing specimens. In contrast, in the West its cultivation was restricted to glasshouses. Those days, glasshouses were frequently warmed by push carts of consuming coal. These discharged a gas called ethylene, which thusly affected many plant processes, including a decrease in by and large excitability. Second, he calls attention to Calcutta's temperatures and how they loan themselves to plant study. "Temperatures of 30-35° Celsius, which occur commonly, are ideal for examining plant developments and excitability. The temperatures at which scientists in the West examined plants would have been much lower," he says. At last, there was the salty water advantage.
Dey organized 21 Desmodium plants. Each was kept in a measuring utencil brimming with a distinct water test. From that point, they were altogether kept in a controlled air. Says Gayen, "We placed them in glass measuring utencils and left them in the lab, where every one of the lights would be kept on so every one of them were presented to a similar measure of light. The climate control system would be set at a particular temperature to control the dampness. We would connect the tests to two distinct pieces of the stem. The source meter was utilized to peruse the fluctuating sign."
The conceptualizing continued for quite a long time and the examination kept going a fortnight. Das says, "The fear of disappointment was there. Yet, the minute when we got the primary reaction was lovely. The level line that showed up on the screen framed a pinnacle and afterward fell distinctly to rise once more. In spite of the fact that our chart didn't have pinnacles and troughs as tall as Bose's, we unquestionably had got a diagram that generally replicated the ECG diagram of people."
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Rabindranath Tagore Biography Short
Rabindranath Tagore Biography Short: Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was a renowned Bengali polymath, poet, philosopher, musician, and artist from India. He became the first non-European Nobel laureate in Literature in 1913, primarily for his collection of poems, Gitanjali. Tagore's works explored themes of love, nature, and spirituality, often reflecting his deep connection to his homeland and its culture. He was a key figure in the Bengal Renaissance and played a crucial role in shaping modern Indian literature and art. Tagore's legacy continues to inspire generations, and his contributions remain an integral part of India's cultural heritage.
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