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haitilegends · 5 years

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Petite causerie sur La Méringue Haïtienne.

Il nous a été adjugé par le Président de l’association HOHS, Mr le Docteur Pierre Alix Haspile, la tâche de vous présenter une petite causerie sur la méringue Haïtienne. Cette présentation nous permettra de véhiculer quelques informations qui reflètent ce genre de musique qui, selon certains critiques, devient désuet, suranné ou erroné.

Dans une première partie, on va pouvoir démontrer comment le mot Méringue ait connu différentes connotations à travers le temps et l’espace. Nous essaierons aussi de graviter autour de différents styles de Méringue, leurs cadences et certains artistes qui ont contribué à l’embellissement de cet héritage culturel. Dans une seconde partie, l’aspect social de la méringue sera mis en relief dans toute sa splendeur par Marc Mathelier, virtuose de la guitare.

Méringue: Quand ce mot résonne a vos oreilles, à quoi pensez vous? Si vous recherchez ce thème dans un dictionnaire Français, vous verrez que cela ne désigne pas une danse où un genre de musique. Le mot méringue désigne plutôt’ une sorte de pâtisserie légère à base de sucre et de blancs d’œufs que l’on fait cuire à feu doux.

Serait il le groupe carnavalesque fondé par Antoine Duverger pendant les années quarante.?

Il fut un temps au Congo, lorsqu’on se référait à une femme méringue, il s’agissait d’une prostituée. Alors dans le contexte haïtien qu’est ce que ce mot veut dire?. Serait –ce le Compas Direct, ce dérivé de la méringue Dominicaine ou la Cadence Rampas, un extrait du Compas Direct qui se différencie de ce dernier par ses phrases musicales assez longues et sa guitare de style Rock and Roll. D’où vient il ce mot qui hante bon nombre d’entre nous et qui a suscité pas mal de controverses dans notre monde culturel?

Comme nous rapporte l’histoire, discipline scientifique qui s’assigne de façon objective à révéler le passé humain. Le musicologue, Jean Fouchard dans son livre titré’ La Méringue Danse Nationale D’Haïti’, nous fait remarquer que le mot ‘ Méringue’ avait pris naissance à Saint Domingue vers la fin de la colonisation et fut introduit par les esclaves Mozambiques lors de la traite des noirs. Ce mot écrit-il vient d’une danse Bantoue nommée ‘Mouringue”

Sténio Vincent de son coté, musicien, ancien magistrat de Port-Au Prince et Président D’Haiti s’est basé sur cette assertion “ Tout se fait en immitant” pour éliciter la théorie suivante dans son livre “ La République D’Haïti Telle Qu’elle Est”. Il est très probable que c’est en voyant leurs maitres danser le Fandango que les esclaves des anciennes colonies Espagnoles finirent par les imiter et inventer la Danza. C’est en observant leurs maîtres que les esclaves en voyant leurs maîtres danser la Polka l’avaient probablement modifiée pour la faire devenir la Chica (danse Africaine d’origines guerrières ) et c’est en modifiant la Chica que les esclaves de Saint Domingue finirent par inventer le Carabinier dont est née la Méringue qui est devenue une danse nationale.

Le Docteur Constantin Dumervé, l’auteur de ‘ Histoire De La Musique En Haiti’ rapporte au chapitre dix de ce livre une assertion du musicologue, pianiste, Dr Frank Lassègue. Appuyant les avances du Dr Lassègue, le Docteur Dumervé s’accorde avec l’idée que le mot méringue aurait pour origines deux mots Anglais remontant à l’époque coloniale” Merry ring” significante de danse joyeuse. Comme vous avez pu constater, le mot Méringue veut dire tout un monde de choses et il est important à ce que son origine soit sujette à questions.

Pendant la seconde moitié du dix neuvième siècle, la méringue projetait l’allure d’une musique raffinée où l’influence de Cécile Chaminade (1857-1944) et Louis Moreau (1829-1869) était perçue par l’ ouie. A cette époque, les deux cousins, Albert Grandville, Fernand Frangueul et Mauléart Monton étaient à la une. Ce dernier, l’auteur de la mélodie, “Choucoune” traduisit ses sentiments en utilisant des mesures à deux temps imprégnées de quintolets. Cependant, au fil des ans, on a pu constater que cette forme d’écriture régulière est devenue la base de la méringue Haïtienne. Alors, pour codifier et symboliser ce trait, Occilius Jeanty, père et fils, écrivirent une grammaire musicale en 1888 (Paris Librairie Évangélique).

En 1904, Théramene Menes, compositeur, théoricien, professeur de musique au Lycée Alexandre Pétion, contrairement aux Jeanty, préférait le two steps; la musique syncopée Américaine. Aux travers de ses échanges d;idées ou d’opinions, la méringue fut bifurquée en deux branches. L’une revêt l’allure d’une musique romantique que l’on jouait dans les salons dont les précursseurs furent Michel Mauléart Monton 1855-1898, Justin Elie, 1883-1931, Ludovic Lamothe, 1852-1953 et Occide Jeanty Fils 1860-1936. Cependant, la deuxième branche de la méringue fut influencée par les Duroseau, Lyncée 1859-1936 et ses deux enfants Fabre et Arthur. Les Duroseau s’exhibaient en interprétant de la musique sautillante, une méringue qui se dansait à l’anglaise, c’est à dire; en sautant. En face de ses courants d’idées, il paraissait que Sténio Vincent se fut alligné du coté de Théramene Ménes et des Duroseau parce qu’il avait cité Ménes dans son livre” La République d'Haïti Telle Qu’elle Est”. Qu’est ce à dire de la citation suivante?

Maintenant, nous prenons la liberté d’ajouter que, nous aussi, nous avions sacrifié au “quintolet” mais , depuis l’ importations des two steps Américains, nous avions reconnu notre erreur et nous avions éssayer d’adopter pour noter notre méringue la méthode Américaine. Nous disons que la méthode Américaine est bonne pour rendre nos pensées mélodiques plus agréables dans la méringue parce que le two steps, en somme , n’est que de la méringue écrite correctement et danser à l’anglaise.

Cependant, il demeure certains que la méthode utilisée par Michel Desgrottes (1925-1994) pour écrire “Destin’ que Nemours Jean Baptiste et Pierre Blain ont gravée sur disques appartiennent aux Jeanty. Luc Jean Baptiste utilisa la même formule pour composer “Dianne”, Kiki Wrainright, ‘Haiti Mon Pays” et il en est de même pour Francois Guignard, 1904-1979, qui immortalisa Adeline, sa fille bien aimée. Dans cette même lignée de notation, Antacidas O. Murrat, 1915-1988, nous dota de “ Soirée Perdue, Soirée Gonaivienne, Irene qu’il écrivit pour sa femme, et Fleur De Mai, mélodie reprise par Gina Dupervil en 1993”. Quand j’ai entendu la nouvelle version de “Fleur De Mai, je ne pouvais m’empêcher d’écrire une lettre au producteur de ce disque audionumérique où Fleur de Mai est interprétée en boléro.

Nous ne saurions minimiser ou ignorer l’approche du Dr Charles Dessalinnes dans son disque titré “ Charles Dessalines Et Son Sax Tenor”, ou Bernadette, méringue lente ou langoureuse, composition de Delyle Benoit des Gonaïves , a été mise en relief (RID104).

Que dire du travail de Eddy Prophete après des années d’absence de la scène musicale Haïtienne? Son premier compact titré Katso, paru sur le label Mini Records en 1995, lui a permis de redorer ses blasons en interprétant au piano solo des thèmes de la méringue Haïtienne aromatisées avec du Jazz. Eddy sur ce disque audionumérique une tradition musicale presque oubliée.

Je crois fermement, comme le Docteur Constantin Dumervé que la méringue, musique des colonies Espagnoles et D’Haïti n’est méprisée que par des musiciens qui n’ont pas suffisamment de théorie pour la comprendre. Il est évident, qu’au fil des ans on a pu reconnaitre trios styles de méringues:

La mélodie lente ou langoureuse ( Fleur De Mai, Choucoune, Souvenirs D’Haïti de Othello Bayard, Haiti Chérie de Marcel Sylvain et Cité Du Cap Haitien de Ulrick Pierre Louis.

La mélodie vive, le Compas Direct, la Cadence Rampas et certains rythme Ama tonel, Nibo de Ludovic Lamothe, mélodie exécutée avec une impression vive( Edner Guignard et Son Orchestre/ Les Belles Méringues D’Haiti, MarcCD400.

La mélodie forte ou meringue carnavalesque. Nibo de Ludovic Lamothe exécutée avec une impression furieuse, Zizipan de Occide Jeanty, Men Jet la de wébert Sicot et Tou lumen de Nemours Jean-Batiste

Pour terminer, j’aimerais parodier le Dr Dumervé en disant que ‘la méringue se caractérise par le mélange de trois éléments distincts: Une inspiration rythmique de l’Afrique, une exubérance Espagnole et une élégance française qui prévaut comme un héritage du passé colonial.

Texte: AdrienBerthaud.

Photo - Édition : Hugo Valcin HAITI☆LEGENDS ( Une contribution de Dljean-bernard Duroseau )

#haiti legends #haitilegends #hugovalcin #hugo valcin #Duroseau

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rob-art · 4 years

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The uprising of 1791, by Ulrick Jean-Pierre

(via TLAXCALA: Haiti: From trafficking to debt)

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spanky606 · 7 years

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@Regrann from @uchennaedeh - “Revolution moves in a mysterious way, its wonders to perform.” –C.L.R. James. We remember and honor: "The Haitian Revolution is the only successful revolt carried out by enslaved people in history. The revolutionary struggle which began under the leadership of Boukman Dutty on 22 August 1791, was the greatest revolution the world has ever known!" Read more at http://kentakepage.com/a-date-to-remember-22-august-1791-the-haitian-revolution/ Painting by Ulrick Jean-Pierre. #haiti #ayiti #haitian #boukman #maafa #blackpower #slavery #revolution #haitianrevolution #ulrickjeanpierre #blackdiaspora #africandiaspora #blackhistory #Regrann

#haitian #blackpower #africandiaspora #boukman #regrann #ayiti #ulrickjeanpierre #blackdiaspora #revolution #blackhistory #slavery #haitianrevolution #maafa #haiti

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torentialtribute · 5 years

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LIGUE 1 REVIEW: The lowdown on every team ahead of the action

From the manager of Nantes who just a few days before the season begins to stop physically removing Kylian Mbappe Neymar from Celebrations of the Coupe des Champions of Paris Saint-Germain French football has announced its return in a certain style.

Strasbourg is already back in the groove after a fleeting 40-day break between their last day victory over Nantes and their first friendly match against Zurich, while – according to their manager at least – Nimes can't even take a team. Oh, and Patrick Vieira saw his Nice side banging both 8-1 and 6-1 in the kickabouts for the season.

It has been far from silent, and it will only become more chaotic, with the transfer window only closing on 2 September and many teams still closing gaps created by the temptation of the Premier League.

Prior to the Ligue 1 season that starts Friday night, when Monaco takes on Lyon, here is an in-depth look at how each of the 20 sides of the top flight is set up and all you need to know for the new campaign.

Ligue 1 returns on Friday – Will Paris Saint-Germain be able to maintain its dominance?

AMIENS

Head coach: Luka Elsner

Transfers in: Serhou Guirassy (FC Koln, £ 5,4 m), Eddy Gnahore (Palermo, £ 2.25 m), Emil Krafth (Bologna £ 1.8) m), Alexis Blin (Toulouse, £ 1.5 million), Chadrac Akolo (Stuttgart, loan), Ulrick Eneme Ella (FC Liefering, £ 250k), Christophe Jallet (Nice, free), Jayson Papeau (Genevieve, free), Haitam Aleesami (Palermo, free)

Transfers from: Brighton Labeau (Rapid Bucharest, free), Khaled Adenon (Al-Whada, free), Reda Rabei (Fremad Amager, free), Gauthier Banaziak (AC Amiens, free)

Last season: 15th

Amiens is part of their third season in the top flight and thanks to the transfer market is one of a number of teams that is still in limbo. ]

Such s from Emil Krafth, a left back who only completed his final move this summer after making an impression on the loan but has just signed with Newcastle, striker Moussa Konate and Colombian Steven Mendoza are still expected to leave.

That gives Slovak coach Luka Elsner – the youngest in the competition – a real challenge when it comes to preparing his team for the opening weeks of the season, with probably four or five new faces needed before the French window closes on 2 September.

Keyman: Bongani Zungu

Missed most of last season with a torn ACL in his right knee, the midfielder showed what he had missed during the Africa Cup of Nations while he played for South Africa and Amiens are desperate to hold him, warding off interest from Besiktas.

Bongani Zungu showed Amiens what they missed when he played in Africa Cup of Nations

ANGERS

Head coach: Stephane Moulin

Transfers In: Sada Thioub (Nimes, 3,1 m), Mathias Pereira Lage (Clermont Foot, £ 1.3 million), Rachid Alioui (Nimes, free), Danijel Petkovic (Lorient, not disclosed)

Transfers from: Flavien Tait (Rennes, 8.1 m), Alexandre Letellier (Sarpsborg, loan), Harisson Manzala (loan from Le Mans), Thomas Toure (loan from Sochaux), Pape Djibril Diaw (loan from Caen) , Baptiste Guillaume (loan from Valenciennes), Dorian Bertrand (Nancy und undclosed) Loic Puyo (released)

Last season: 13th

Angers head coach Stephane Moulin enters his ninth season for leadership

As happened when last year Karl Toko Ekambi lost to Villarreal, Angers got a job again to rebuild after losing one of their best players this summer.

Flavien Tait was their founder because they finished a respectable 13th, but he joined colleague Call 1 outfit Rennes at Stephane Moulin with another repair shop.

You would have thought he would be used to it now and start his ninth season as head coach, but things could get worse. Top scorer Stephane Bahoken and former Arsenal star Jeff Reine-Adelaide were still able to follow Tait.

The three were involved in 33 goals while Angers set a club record 44 in the top flight last season. Replacing those resources will be a huge task if they lose any of them.

Key man: Baptiste Santamaria

A change in approach from head coach Stephane Moulin means that the ball-midfielder can be asked

MONACO

Head coach: Leonardo Jardim

Transfers in: Gelson Martins (Atletico Madrid, £ 27 m), Benjamin Lecomte (Montpellier, £ 12.1 m), Ruben Aguilar (Montpellier, £ 7.2 m)

Transfers from: Youri Tielemans (Leicester £ 40.5m), Ronael Pierre-Gabriel (Mainz, £ 5m), Ibrahima Diallo (Brest, £ 1.8m), Paul Nardi (Lorient, £ 1.4 m), Kephren Thuram (Nice, free), Loic Badiashile, Jordi Mboula, Julien Serrano, Giulian Biancone (all Cercle Bruges, loan), Jean-Eudes Aholou (Saint-Etienne, loan) , Kevin N & Doram (Metz, loan), Samuel Grandsir (Brest, loan), Pele (reading, loan), Antonio Barreca (Genoa, loan), Andrea Raggi (released)

n: 17th

In theory it should be impossible for Monaco not to improve their last campaign, in which the club took place, only to secure their top status at the end of the day.

After seeing their owner fleeing the principality for corruption, club legend Thierry Henry did not see them free from danger in his very first leadership role and then the season with the same manager they started with, the 2017 champions hope for a somewhat quieter season.

To repair the damage, they have changed their tact on the transfer market, with the return of Leonardo Jardim as boss coinciding with a move away from signing unproven, young players for the purpose of nurturing them.

Gelson Martins & # 39; (L) goals may be crucial with the expected departure of Radamel Falcao (R)

Instead, the focus was on people with competence, with Montpellier duo Benjamin Lecomte and Ruben Aguilar had already settled in the top flight of France.

Gelson Martins completed a permanent transfer from Atletico Madrid after a successful loan period, but Radamel Falcao Ron Lopes – the highly regarded Portuguese international – could follow.

Both must be replaced before the window closes, they must leave, but you would expect that September 2 will not end the drama on the south coast.

Keyman: Gelson Martins

His goals helped to keep going the last season, and with the departure of Falcao still possible, this time could be even more important.

SAINT-ETIENNE

Head coach: Ghislain Printant

Transfers in: Denis Bouanga (Nimes, £ 4,1 m), Ryad Boudebouz (Real Betis £ 3.2 m), Zaydou Youssouf (Bordeaux £ 1.8 m), Sergi Palencia (Barcelona £ 1.8 m), Miguel Trauco (Flemish £ 900 k), Harold Moukoudi (Le Havre, free), Jean-Eudes Aholou (Monaco, loan), Alpha Sissoko (Caen, free), William Saliba (Arsenal, loan)

Transfers from: William Saliba (Arsenal, £ 27), Remy Cabella (Krasnodar, £ 10.8 m), Habib Maiga (Metz, £ 900k), Jorginho (Ludogorets, £ 750k), Pierre-Yves Polomat (Genclerbirligi, free), Oussama Tannane (Vitesse, loan), Makhtar Gueye (Nancy , loan), Mickael Panos (Paphos, free), Neven Subotic (Union Berlin, free)

Last season: 4th

A club in the right direction, The income of Saint-Etienne has this year for the first time in his sc has reached the € 100 million limit.

With this they have started renewing their training center and building a squadron that can compete on four fronts seasonally.

Assisted by the £ 28m received from Arsenal for teenager William Saliba and £ 11m from the sale of former Newcastle winger Remy Cabella to Krasnodar, head coach Ghislain Printant has seen his team strengthened by eight newcomers.

It is just as good, as Vice President Roland Romeyer admits. "I expect a complicated season of the Europa League – it's tiring," he told L&E Equipe.

Keyman: William Saliba

Back on loan for a previous season after his Arsenal shift, all involved hope for a new strong season from the middle of the field.

After completing of his £ 28 million move to Arsenal, William Saliba returned to Saint-Etienne on loan

DIJON

Head coach: Stephane Jobard

Transfers in : Bruno Ecuele Manga (Cardiff, £ 1.8m), Bryan Soumare (Saint-Quentin, free), Mama Bucket (Sporting Lisbon, free) Didier Ndong (Guingamp, not disclosed)

Transfers Out: Valentin Rosier (Sporting, £ 7.2 m), Wesley Said (Toulouse, £ 7.2 m), Chang-hu n Kwon (Freiburg, £ 2.7 m), Sory Kaba (Midtjylland, £ 2.7 m), Mehdi Abeid (Nantes, free), Eden Massouema (Troyes, free), Bobby Allain (Olympiacos free), Oussama Haddadi ( Al-Ettifaq, free), Cedric Yambere (Al-Ettifaq, not disclosed), Arnold Bouka Moutou (released)

Last season: 18th

Still in the top flight through the skin of their teeth, Dijon pinched Lens over two legs in last May's relegation playoffs to secure their status.

One reason for their fight was at the back, with the club allowing 191 goals in their previous three seasons. In the top five in Europe, only Bournemouth and Chievo have let Verona in during the same period.

Storing at the back is the most important task for new boss Stephane Jobard. The 48-year-old – who started teaching PE briefly after playing his career – is back in the club he had spent 20 years as a player and youth coach.

Keyman: Bruno Ecuele Manga

Arriving from Cardiff, the defender will be one of the tasks to help solve the leaking defense that nearly dropped their Ligue 1 status last season.

Ex-Cardiff center back Bruno Ecuele Manga will be charged with helping to repair the leaking defense

METZ

Head coach: Vincent Hognon

Transfers In: Victorien Angban (Chelsea, £ 5,4) m), Fabien Fifteen (Lens, £ 2.7 m), Habib Maiga (Saint-Etienne, £ 900 k), Pope Ndiaga Yade (Generation Foot, free), Manuel Cabit (Ajaccio, free), Kevin N & # 39; Doram (Monaco, loan), Thierry Ambrose (Manchester City, loan)

Transfers from: Cafu (Legia Warsaw, £ 700k), Gauthier Hein (Valenciennes, loan), Vincent Thill (Orleans, loan), Jonathan Rivierez (Caen, free), Oumar Gonzalez (Chambly, free), Laurent Jans (Paderborn, loan) , Ivan Balliu, Emmanuel Riviere (both released)

Last season: 2nd (Ligue 2)

] Marvin Gakpa was one of the biggest revelations in Ligue 2 last season

Promoted as champion of Ligue 2, Metz have chosen continuity in their team as they prepare for their return to the top flight.

So far, only five new faces have emerged at the Stade Sym Symphorien, including 22-year-old striker Thierry Ambrose who is joining an initial loan from Manchester City.

Most of the intrigues this season, however, will surround the cu rrent leadership structure in the club, where there are effectively two in charge. Head coach Vincent Hognon was brought in last December after Frederic Antonetti stepped back after his wife became ill.

Given the title & # 39; general manager & # 39; the latter is still very involved in team affairs, & # 39; ship from far & # 39; as the owner suggested. The power of understanding between the couple could be the key to a successful campaign.

Key Man: Marvin Gakpa

One of the biggest revelations in Ligue 2 last season, the attacking midfielder hopes to quickly adapt to the quality increase.

NANTES

Head coach: Patrick Collot (caretaker)

Transfers in: Marcus Coco (Guingamp, £ 2.7 m), Molla Wague ( Udinese, £ 1.4 m, Abou Ba (Nancy, £ 900 k), Dennis Appiah (Anderlecht, £ 650 k), Bridge Ndilu (Stade Laval (free), Mehdi Abied (Dijon, free)), Alban Lafont ( Fiorentina, loan)

Transfers from: Diego Carlos (Sevilla, £ 13.5 m), Koffi Djidji (Torino, £ 4.1 m), Anthony Limbombe (Standard Liège, loan ), Ciprian Tatarusanu (Lyon, free), Maxime Dupe (Clermont Foot, loan), Quentin Braat (Niort, free)

Last season: 12th

A catastrophic summer will see the club st art the season without a head coach after the resignation of Vahid Halilhodzic a few days before the start of the season

Irreconcilable differences in recruitment means that they travel to Lille with assistant Patrick Col fate and fitness coach Cyril Moine, and without the & # 39; eight or nine players & # 39; Halilhodzic insisted that they needed it.

Jan Patrick Collot takes temporary charge "class =" blkBorder img-share "/>

Patrick Collot (R) replaces Vahid Halilhodzic who retired earlier this week as boss

Instead, there have been six signing sessions so far, for less than £ 6 million. It is the kind of austerity that Hlilhodzic feels over the edge, yet can predict a tough season for Les Canaris.

Key man: Kalifa Coulibaly

Last season on a hot streak, scored six in his last nine appearances and hopes to continue where he left off.

BORDEAUX

Head coach: Paulo Sousa

Transfers in: Laurent Koscielny (Arsenal, £ 4.6 m), Ui-jo Hwang (Gamba Osaka, £ 1.8 m, Rudders (Rennes, free), Enock Kwateng (Nantes, free), Loris Benito (Young Boys, free)

Transfers from: Jules Kounde ( Seville, £ 22.5 m, Lukas Lerager (Genoa, 5.4 m), Zaydou Youssouf (Saint-Etienne £ 1.8 m), Jerome Prior (Valenciennes), free), Igor Lewczuk (Legia Warsaw, free) , Aaron Boupendza (Feirense, loan), Jaroslav Plasil (retired)

Last season: 14th

Apart from disturbing every Arsenal fan on the planet, Bordeaux & # 39; s transfer window wasn't much to laugh about.

Forced to find an additional £ 30 million to pay the club's debts, Paulo Sousa was asked & # 39; creative & # 39; to be to build his team for the coming campaign.

Doing what comes as second nature to all Football Manager enthusiasts, the Portuguese boss has searched the market for non-contracted players and landed three of his goals for free.

That will help balance the books, alongside the sale of defender Jules Kounde to Seville and the impending arrival of Youssouf Sabaly in the Premier League. Whether it helps their Ligue 1 performance this upcoming campaign is another matter.

Key man: Laurent Koscielny

A selection frame arrives in a test window for Bordeaux, the former Arsenal man will add an invaluable experience at the back and in the dressing room.

Laurent Koscielny (right) got his wish after he was moved to Bordeaux

LILLE

Head coach: Christophe Galtier

Transfers in: Yusuf Yazici (Trabzonspor, 14.9m), Victor Osimhen, £ 10.8 million ), Timothy Weah (PSG, £ 9 million), Benjamin Andre (Rennes, £ 6.3 million), Domagoj Bradaric (Hadjuk Split, £ 5.9 million), Leo Jardim (River Ave, £ 5.4 million), Tiago Djalo (Milan, £ 4.5 million), Reinildo Mandava (Belenenses, £ 2.7 million), Concert (August 1, £ 1.8 million), Saad Agouzoul (Kawkab Marrakech, £ 500,000), Virgiliu Postolachi (PSG, free)

Transfers from: Nicolas Pepe (Arsenal, £ 72 m), Rafael Leao (Milan, £ 27 m), Thiago Mendes (Lyon, £ 19.8) m) Anwar El Ghazi (Aston Villa, £ 8.1 m), Edger le (Tranzonspor, free), Herve Koffi (Belenenses, loan), Kouadio-Yves Dabila, Rominique Kouame (both Cercle Bruges, loan)

Last season: 2nd

What should be an excitement after a 2018-19 season because the upcoming campaign is tinged with doubts after a tough summer.

The main cause of concern was the loss of two important stars that helped them to take second place and the Champions League place: Nicolas Pepe and Thiago Mendes

Lille lost talisman Nicolas Pepe to Arsenal this summer but managed to get £ 72m for him

Losing their top striker to Arsenal was made easier to swallow by the £ 72m fee, but losing their pivot in midfield to a Ligue 1 rival will have stung.

The money has been deposited, with no fewer than 10 new faces through the door to strengthen the first team, but Christophe Galtier has done his job to maintain the stunning domestic form of last season while he juggles the small matter of a European campaign.

Key man: Yusuf Yazici

Given the unenviable task of filling the void left behind by Pepe, the 22-year-old Turkey International has the potential to get fans out of their seats at Stade Pierre-Mauroy.

MONTPELLIER

Head coach: Michel Der Zakarian

Transfers in: Teji Savanier (Nimes, £ 8.6m), Andy Delort (Toulouse, £ 4.1 m, Arnaud Souquet (Ghent, £ 2.5 m), Jordan Ferri (Lyon, £ 1.8 m), Matis Carvalho (Toulouse, free)

Transfers from: Benjamin Lecomte (Monaco, £ 12.1 m), Isaac Mbenza (Huddersfield, £ 11.25 m), Ruben Aguilar (Monaco, £ 7.2 m)), Ellyes Skhiri (Koln, £ 5.4 million) ), Bryan Passi (Niort, free), Morgan Poaty (Guingamp, not public), Giovanni Sio (Genclerbirligi, not public), Jonathan Ligali, Jeremei Porsan-Clemente (both released)

Last season: 6th

Jordan Ferri hopes to guide Montpellier back to Europe this season

After their best performance in Ligue 1 since lifting the title in 2012, Michel Der Zakarian will be looking for a little more consistency.

Since that success, the club has never managed to finish back – back seasons in the upper half, something that the club wants to change.

They have a solid foundation. Despite the loss of both Benjamin Lecmonte and Ruben Aguilar to Monaco, Montpellier has taken a magazine from their rival's book and raided a club among them.

Teji Savanier and Jordan Ferri, who recently formed a strong partnership in Nimes season, have joined together and the rest of the team remains intact.

The next goal is a return to Europe, and the continuity of this summer may just provide them with the platform to achieve this.

] Key man: Jordan Ferri

Former France among the 21 international sparkled last season in Nimes, and reconnecting with Savanier should help him put his stamp that little bit faster.

NIMES

Head coach: Bernard Blaquart

Transfers in: Sidy Sarr (Chateauroux, £ 1.8 m), Haris Duljevic (Dynamo Dresden, £ 900k), Romain Philippoteaux (Auxerre, £ 270k), Pablo Martinez (Strasbourg, free), Zinedine Ferhat (Le Havre, free)

Transfers from: Teji Savanier (Montpellier, £ 8.6 m), Denis Bouanga (Saint-Etienne, £ 4.1 m), Sada Thioub (Angers, £ 3.1 m), Umut Bozok (Lorient, £ 1.4) m), Baptiste Valette (Nancy, free), Abdel Malik Hsissane (Le Puy Foot, free), Rachid Alioui (Angers, free), Herve Lybohy (Nancy, free), Martin Sourzac (Nancy, free) Fethi Harek (retired), Panagiotis Vlachodimos (released)

Last season: 9th

Another party that is involved in a disastrous summer has abandoned Nimes by the departure of their sports director Laurent Boissier. ] While recruitment came to a halt, head coach Bernard Blaquart told owner Rani Assaf that he & # 39; has no team & # 39; for the coming campaign.

He has a point. The heart of his team was torn out and lost his entire midfield in the form of Sada Thioub, Teji Savanier, borrower Jordan Ferri and Denis Bounaga, as well as attackers Rachid Aliouli and Umut Bozok.

Blaquart has to replace a group that made 181 games in the league last season. Avoiding the relegation dogfight can be seen as an achievement, let alone finishing ninth.

Keyman: Antonin Bobichon

One of the few that still stands, Blaquart will likely build his team around the 23-year-old central midfielder. In full forward, he scored eight and put two more on last season.

Antonin Bobichon scored eight goals for Nimes and set two more seasons

NICE

Head coach: Patrick Vieira

Transfers in: Khephren Thuram (Monaco, free)

Transfers from: Allan Saint-Maximin (Newcastle, £ 20 m), Olivier Boscaglie (PSV, £ 1.8 m), Romain Perraud (Brest, £ 1.8 m), Christophe Jallet Amiens, free), Jean-Victor Makengo ( Toulouse, loan), Mouez Hassen (released)

Last season: 7th

A summer that made a declaration of intent with me t had to come along, instead he crawled at the same pace as he & # 39; s long-term sale.

Jim Ratcliffe, president of Ineos, will hand over the keys to the Allianz Riviera in the coming week or so, at which time Patrick Vieira will finally be able to build his side for next season.

In all likelihood, it will be too little, too late.

There has just been an arrival in the form of Khephren Thuram – an 18-year-old who joined a free from Monaco – and that has to change after some notable divisions.

Nice manager Patrick Vieira has had a nightmare during his preparations for the season

Allan Saint-Maximin, the club's most powerful attacking threat, has joined Newcastle, meaning work needs to be done to get Le Gym back to the same level.

Whatever changes they make, they cannot eat fast enough. The slump has invaded the team that has defeated tools in some pre-season games – including 8-1 and 6-1 defeats of Wolfsburg and Burnley respectively.

Key man: Dante

is elke kans dat het belangrijkste lid van dit team nog steeds door de deur komt, maar het is van vitaal belang dat de Braziliaanse kapitein het goede voorbeeld geeft om de ploeg bij elkaar te houden na een ruw voorseizoen.

MARSEILLE

Hoofdcoach: Andre Villas-Boas

Transfers in: Dario Benedetto (Boca Juniors, £ 12,6 m) Alvaro Gonzalez (Villarreal, lening)

] Transfers Out: Lucas Ocampos (Sevilla, £ 13,5 m), Clinton N'Jie (Dinamo Moskou, £ 5,4 m), Yusuf Sari (Trabzonspor, £ 250k), Romain Cagnon, Mario Balotelli, Rloando, Tomas Hubocan ( uitgebracht)

Vorig seizoen: 5e

De weigering van Mario Balotelli om zijn verblijf in Marseille te verlengen was teleurstellend voor alle Franse f ootballfans als de verloren competitie, een van zijn ware excentriekelingen na drie seizoenen in Ligue 1.

Echter, wanneer een deur sluit, opent een andere, en Marseille verwelkomt Andre Villas-Boas hun nieuwe baas voegt een ander karakter toe aan de topvlucht.

Andres Villas-Boas keert terug naar Europees voetbal na management in China

Om de Italiaan te vervangen, is Dario Benedetto ingebracht – een 29-jarige international in Argentinië die 45 doelpunten maakte in 68 wedstrijden voor Boca Juniors.

Als zijn komst kan overeenkomen met het behouden van Florian Thauvin, dan het doel is een terugkeer naar Champions League-voetbal voor het eerst sinds 2013, en een eerste poging in Europa's grootste competitie onder Amerikaanse eigenaar Frank McCourt.

Key man: Florient Thauvin

Consequent verbonden met een verhuizing in de afgelopen paar seizoenen, de World Cup-wi ninger vleugelspeler toont nog steeds weinig interesse in het verlaten van de club waar hij van houdt. The 16 goals in 33 league appearances last term demonstrates why he's so important.

LYON

Head Coach: Sylvinho

Transfers In: Joachim Andersen (Sampdoria, £21.6m), Thiago Mendes (Lille, £19.8m), Youssouf Jones (Lille, £8.1m), Jean Lucas (Flamengo, £7.2m), Ciprian Tatarusanu (Nantes, free), Boubacar Fofana (G.Ajaccio, free)

Transfers Out: Tanguy Ndombele (Tottenham, £65m), Ferland Mendy (Real Madrid, £49m), Nabil Fekir (Real Betis, £18m), Jordan Ferri (£1.8m), Christopher Martins Pereira (Young Boys £1.9m), Elisha Owusu (Gent, £900k), Timothe Cognat (Servette, nominal fee), Mathieu Gorgelin (Le Havre, free), Jeremy Morel (Rennes, free), Olivier Kemen (Niort, free)

Last Season: 3rd

There have been some big changes at the Groupama Stadium this summer, but Lyon still look well placed to challenge on all fronts this season.

The losses of captain Nabil Fekir to Real Betis, midfield engine Tanguy Ndombele to Tottenham and left back Ferland Mendy to Real Madrid have left some sizable holes in the squad, but recruitment has been strong.

Thiago Mendes, key to Lille's heroics last season, has filled the gap in midfield, while Youssouf Kone has arrived from the same source to replace Mendy.

Newly installed head coach Sylvinho, the former Arsenal full back, is entering his first full-time managerial role and has brought with him some new practices.

For starters, as Unai Emery has implemented at his former club, there will be a leadership group selected, with no player singled out for captaincy.

However, it may take some time for him to make his mark, if pre-season results are anything to go by. Despite impressing in a 2-1 against Arsenal to lift the Emirates Cup last month, Lyon have lost all of their other four friendlies, including defeats by both Liverpool and Bournemouth.

Key man: Moussa Dembele

Finally hitting his stride following his move from Celtic last summer, the forward looks ready to step up and gave Arsenal a taste of his capabilities in their pre-season clash.

PARIS SAINT-GERMAIN

Head Coach: Thomas Tuchel

Transfers In: Abdou Diallo (Borussia Dortmund, £29m), Idrissa Gueye (Everton, £27m), Pablo Sarabia (Sevilla, £16.3m), Marcin Bulka (Chelsea, free), Ander Herrera (Manchester United, free), Mitchel Bakker (Ajax, free)

Transfers Out: Giovani Lo Celso (Real Beti, £19.8m), Moussa Diaby (Bayer Leverkusen (!3.5m), Christopher Nkunku (RB Leipzig, £11.7m), Grzegorz Krychowiak (Lokomotiv Moscow, £10.8m), Timoth y Weah (Lille, £9m), Kevin Trapp (Eintracht Frankfurt, £6.3m), Dani Alves (Sao Paulo, free), Gianluigi Buffon (Juventus, free), Adrien Rabiot (Juventus, free)

Last Season: Champions

A summer overshadowed by one man and one man alone, Thomas Tuchel and the rest of his side will be grateful when matters on the pitch finally take centre stage.

The Neymar saga still doesn't seem to be close to a conclusion, with the situation even taking centre stage following their Trophee des Champions victory over Rennes, when Kylian Mbappe forcibly removed the Brazilian from the celebration pictures.

Neymar's (centre) future hangs in the balance while Kylian Mbappe will continue to shine

PSG manager Thomas Tuchel will be hoping to maintain his side's dominance in Ligue 1 again

It has distracted from what on the face of it has been a relatively promising summer for Tuchel, who appears to have solved his biggest problem by recruiting Ander Herrera, Idrissa Gueye and Pablo Sarabia to strengthen his creaking midfield.

Their success, though, is likely to depend on the atmosphere inside the club. If Neymar does stick around, he may find himself in a squad finally capable of troubling the latter stages of the Champions League. If he doesn't, well that may improve their chances further.

Key man: Kylian Mbappe

Arguably the most gifted footballer on the planet right now, his presence ensures that the loss of Neymar will barely be felt should the Brazilian get his way.

STRASBOURG

Head Coach: Thierry Laurey

Transfers In: Alexander Dijku (Caen, £4.1m), Jean-Ricner Bellegarde (Lens, £1.8m), Lamine Kone (Sunderland, £1.35m), Diogo Branco (Montijo, free)

Transfers Out: Yoann Salmier (Troyes, £450k), Anthony Goncalves (Caen, free), Duplexe Tchamba (Stromsgodset, Loan), Pablo Martinez (Nimes, free), Idriss Saadi (Cercle Brugge, loan), Diogo Branco (Montijo, loan)

Last Season: 11th

The Coupe de la Ligue winners are already into the swing of things with their European campaign getting underway last month.

Courtesy of their penalty shoot-out win over Guingamp, Thierry Laurey's men began their pre-season schedule on July 3 with a friendly against FC Zurich – just the 40 days after leaving the pitch on the final day of last term.

Since then, they've reached the third qualifying round of the Europa League thanks to a 4-3 aggregate win over Maccabi Haifa and face Lokomotiv Plovdiv in the next round.

Strasbourg finished last season on a high as the Coupe de la Ligue champions

The early start has helped to settle the side, with the only main departure being that of centre back Pablo Martinez, who has moved to Nimes.

Alexander Dijku has been brought in from Caen to replace him, while central midfielder Jean-Ricner Bellegarde is the only other new face, joining from Ligue 2 side Lens.

Key man: Lebo Mothiba

Yet to return to the squad after his exploits in the Africa Cup of Nations with South Africa, the striker, along with Ludovic Ajourque, could create a potent partnership.

BREST

Head Coach: Olivier Dall'Oglio

Transfers In: Romain Perraud (Nice, £1.8m), Ibrahima Diallo (Monaco, £1.8m), Denys Bain (Le Havre, free), Samuel Grandsir (Monaco, loan), Ludovic Baal (Rennes, free)

Transfers Out: Anthony Weber (Caen, £450k), Corentin Jacob, Valentin Henry (both Rodez, free), Quentin Bernard (Auxerre, free), Guillaume Buon (Avranches, loan), Pierre Magnon (Avranches, free), Thomas Ayasse, Edouard Butin (released)

Last Season: Champions (Ligue 2)

Ending a six-year absence from the top flight, Brest are putting their faith in youngsters to keep them there.

Already boasting France Under 21 international goalkeeper Gautier Larsonneur as their No 1, the newly-promoted side have added 21-year-old Romain Perraud from Nice as their first-choice left back, as well as securing 20-year-old Ibrahima Diallo, a midf ield er from Monaco.

One area they haven't bolstered is up top, where head coach Olivier Dall'Oglio can call upon last season's Ligue 2 top scorer Gaetan Charbonnier to lead the line.

His fortunes in front of goal are likely to correlate with Brest's chances of beating the drop.

Key man: Gaetan Charbonnier

Ligue 2's top goalscorer last season with 27 strikes, the 30-year-old will be aiming to produce the goods once more to give his side a chance of staying up.

Brest ended their six-year absence from the top-flight by winning Ligue 2 last season

STADE REIMS

Head Coach: David Guion

Transfers In: Predrag Rajkovic (Maccabi Tel Aviv, £4.5m), Yehvann Diouf (Troyes, free), Marshall Munetsi (Orlando Pirates, undisclosed), Dialy Kobaly Ndiaye (Cayor Foot, undisclosed)

Transfers Out: Bjorn Engels (Aston Villa, £7.2m), Edouard Mendy (Rennes, £3.6m), Yohan Roche (Rodez, free), Pablo Chavarria (Real Mallorca, free), Thomas Fontaine (Lorient, undisclosed), Virgile Piechocki (G.Ajaccio, undisclosed), A ly Ndom (Auxerre, undisclosed), Marvin Martin, Johann Carrasco (released)

Last Season: 8th

The sale of centre back Bjorn Engels to Aston Villa has weakened Stade Reims

Fresh from an incredible return to the top flight last season, Reims know they will do extremely well to get near their eighth-place finish this time around.

That's largely in part thanks to a pre-season that has seen them lose a number of key figures from last season's success, including goalkeeper Edouard Mendy who played every minute of the campaign.

The sale of centre back Bjorn Engels to Aston Villa ha s also weakened the side, and if 22-year-old winger Remi Oudin cannot be kept then the responsibility for goals will fall on an attack that currently contains just two options – Hyun-jun Suk and Boulaye Dia.

Those gaps haven't been apparent in pre-season though, with David Guion's men unbeaten in all friendlies – including a convincing 3-1 win over Sheffield United last Saturday.

Key man: Mathieu Cafaro

Out for six weeks and missing the start of the season, the return of the 22-year-old attacking midfielder to the line-up cannot come soon enough, especially if Oudin should leave for Spain.

RENNES

Head Coach: Julien Stephan

Transfers In: M'Baye Niang (Torino, £13.5m), Flavien Tait (Angers, £8.1m), Edouard Mendy (Reims £3.6m), Romain Salin (Sporting, free), Jeremy Morel (Lyon, free)

Transfers Out:[1 9459020] Tomas Koubek (Augsburg, £6.75m), Benjamin Andre (Lille £6.3m), Brandon (Osasuna, £1.8m), Abdoulaye Diallo (Genclerbirlgi, free), Mexer (Bordeaux, free), Ludovic Baal (Brest, free), Romain Danze (retired), Nicolas Janvier, Edvinas Gertomonas, Hatem Ben Arfa, Mehdi Zeffane (released)

Last Season: 10th

After a season beyond all expectations, Rennes are dealing with something of a comedown following a memorable European run, topped with lifting the Coupe de France.

Already, a number of those that contributed to one of the best campaigns in the club's history have left the scene, with the irreplaceable Hatem Ben Arfa not renewing his contract and midfielder Benjamin Andre quitting for Lille.

Hatem Ben Arfa decided not to renew his contract with Rennes after a fine season

However, with another European adventure ahead of Julien Stephan's men, they have the advantage of already experiencing a season battling it out on four fronts.

That, along with some creative new additions such as Flavien Tait and the permanent signing of M'Baye Niang, means the cup holders are in a decent position to produce some more unforgettable moments.

Key man: M'Baye Niang

Losing his way after a couple of high-profile moves, the former Milan striker should benefit from the continuity of remaining in a team he thrived in last season.

TOULOUSE

Head Coach: Alain Casanova

Transfers In: Wesley Said (Dijon, £7.2m), Efthimis Koulouris (PAOK, £3.2m), Agustin Rogel (KS Samara, £2.25m), Jean-Victor Makengo (Nice, loan), William Vainqueuer (Antalyaspor, loan)

Transfers Out: Christopher Jullien (Celtic, £7.2m), Andy Delort (Montpellier, £4.1m), Alexis Blin (Amiens, £1.5m), Steven Fortes (Lens, £900k), Yannick Cahuzac (Lens, free), Yann Bodiger (Cadiz, free) Clement Michelin (Lens, free), Francois Moubandje (Dinamo Zagreb, free), Hakim El Mokeddem (Stade Laval, free), Jimmy Durmaz (Galatasaray, free), Jessy Pi (Caen, undisclosed), Firmin Mubele (Astana, loan) Marc Vidal (released)

Last Season: 16th

After a season to forget, Toulouse are hoping that their dedication to blooding some of their academy stars may begin to b ear fruit.[1 9459007]

Only cementing their top-flight status on the penultimate day last campaign has called for a major overhaul, with 12 players leaving the club either permanently or on loan.

Left behind, is a youthful squad, including the likes of 21-year-old Ibrahim Sangare and 20-year-old Kalidou Sidibe.

One of the areas they must improve on is up top, however. They mustered just 35 goals last season, less than one a game, with their most prolific striker – Aaron Leya Iseka – grabbing just four.

Relying on Max Gradel, the former Leeds and Bournemouth winger, is no longer something boss Alain Casanova wants to put up with, and the signing of Efthimis Koulouris from PAOK is a bid to ease the burden on the Ivorian.

Key man: Efthimis Koulouris

Enjoyed a productive season on loan at Atromitos from PAOK, scoring 25 goals in all competitions. Even half that total would be a marked improvement for Toulouse's frontline.

Manager Alain Casanova will be hoping to improve on his side's 16th-place finish last season

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#LIGUE 1 REVIEW: The lowdown on every team ahead of the action"

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semtituloh · 3 months

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Vía Iforcolor

Defile (Marie Sainte Dédé Bazile) carries Desalin’s mutilated body from the street.

artwork by Ulrick Jean-Pierre (Haitian born 1955)

[Défilée-La-Folle (Dedee Bazile) n.d.]

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junker-town · 5 years

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The NFL’s best remaining free agents

Many of the top names have already agreed to deals, but as free agency officially begins, these are the top names available.

The NFL’s official start to their new league year is here, but due to the league’s negotiating or “legal tampering” period, many of the big name free agents are already off the market. That’s because the negotiating period allows agents and teams to enter into contract talks even though pen cannot be put to paper until the start of the new league year.

Last year was a frenzy during the negotiating period, with most of the top players gone by the time the market actually opened. A whole bunch of deals were cemented right at 4 p.m. ET when the league year started, and that’s the case this year as well. Players can continue negotiating with other teams after agreeing in principle to a new deal — nothing is final until the contract is signed and submitted to the league office. But once something is reported as a done deal, there is minimal flip-flopping.

It’s likely this trend — the biggest players agreeing to deals before free agency actually starts — will continue.

That said, there are still plenty of good to great players still out there, waiting to find a team for the 2019 season. Below, we’re going to point you to the best still available — in alphabetical order — at each offensive and defensive position.

Quarterback

Signed: Derek Anderson, Nick Foles, Ryan Griffin, Taylor Heinicke, Brett Hundley, Matt Schaub, Tyrod Taylor Best Available: Teddy Bridgewater, Ryan Fitzpatrick, Colin Kaepernick

Nick Foles is getting paid a ton of money by the Jaguars, and after that the market gets a little bit stale. Obviously, the best available quarterback (Kaepernick) s probably not going to get signed. Another team will surely try and kick the tires on Blake Bortles if/when he’s relesed, while old standbys like Taylor, Fitzpatrick, and McCown are the more reliable of the group.

Others available: Sam Bradford, Matt Cassel, Mike Glennon, Robert Griffin III, Josh Johnson, Sean Mannion, Josh McCown, Brock Osweiler, Mark Sanchez, Tom Savage, Trevor Siemian, Geno Smith, Joe Webb

Running Back

Signed: Le’Veon Bell, Mike Davis, Andre Ellington, Frank Gore, Kareem Hunt, Carlos Hyde, Mark Ingram, Latavius Murray, Adrian Peterson, Zach Zenner Best Available: Jay Ajayi, C.J. Anderson, Tevin Coleman, Marshawn Lynch, T.J. Yeldon

There’s still a strong market for running backs, with young guys like Coleman, Ajayi, and Yeldon available. It’s a strong group of running backs, and even the players below all have shown they have something to offer.

Others available: Ameer Abdullah, LeGarrette Blount, Alfred Blue, Doug Martin, Alfred Morris, Ty Montgomery, Bilal Powell, Stevan Ridley, Darren Sproles, Jonathan Stewart, Spencer Ware

Wide Receiver

Signed: Danny Amendola, Cole Beasley, Josh Bellamy, John Brown, Jamison Crowder, Larry Fitzgerald, Devin Funchess, Adam Humphries, Cordarrelle Patterson, Breshad Perriman, Tyrell Williams Best Available: Randall Cobb, Michael Crabtree, Phillip Dorsett, Donte Moncrief, Golden Tate

The biggest names to change teams at the wide receiver position were not free agents — Antonio Brown and Odell Beckham Jr. were both traded — but there are still some talented pass catchers out there. Veterans Tate, Crabtree, and Moncrief are always looking to prove they still got it.

Others available: Tavon Austin, Kelvin Benjamin, Dez Bryant, Chris Conley, Pierre Garcon, Justin Hardy, Chris Hogan, Dontrelle Inman, Jermaine Kearse, Jordan Matthews, Rishard Matthews, J.J. Nelson, De’Anthony Thomas, Demaryius Thomas, Mike Wallace, Terrance Williams

Tight End

Signed: Dwayne Allen, Nick Boyle, Charles Clay, Demetrius Harris, Jesse James, Tyler Kroft, C.J. Uzomah Best Available: Jared Cook, Tyler Eifert, Austin Seferian-Jenkins

Most of what remains in the tight end market includes veterans who never quite developed as receiving threats or veterans who have a history of injuries. It’s not a great market, one of the weaker ones in recent years.

Others available: Darren Fells, Antonio Gates, MarQueis Gray, Jermaine Gresham, Jeff Heuerman, Michael Hoomanawanui, Lance Kendricks, Marcedes Lewis, Logan Paulsen, Richard Rogers, Dion Sims, Geoff Swaim, Levin Toilolo, Maxx Williams, Luke Willson

Offensive Line

Signed: Oday Aboushi, Jamon Brown, Trent Brown, James Carpenter, A.J. Cann, Jon Feliciano, Ramon Foster, Mark Glowinski, Denzelle Good, Jonotthan Harrison, Bobby Hart, Seantrel Henderson, Ja’Wuan James, Ted Larsen, Spencer Long, Cornelius Lucas, Bobby Massie, Mitch Morse, Ty Nsekhe, Michael Ola, Kevin Pamphile, Matt Paradis, Mike Person, Greg Robinson, Rodger Saffold, Ty Sambrailo, Brian Schwenke, Donovan Smith, J.R. Sweezy, Billy Turner, Daryl Williams Best Available: D.J. Fluker, Mike Iupati, Kendall Lamm, John Miller, Jeremy Parnell, Ryan Schraeder

As usual, teams did their best to re-sign their own offensive linemen. It’s rare that a high-end tackle or guard makes it to free agency, and when they do, they are quickly snatched up, as was the case with Brown and Paradis.

Others available: Jeff Allen, Joe Barksdale, T.J. Clemmings, Chris Clark, Nick Easton, Cameron Fleming, Ereck Flowers, Max Garcia, Garry Gilliam, Ryan Groy, Ulrick John, T.J. Lang, Andy Levitre, Jordan Mills, OT Marshall Newhouse, Cedric Ogbuehi, Tyler Shatley, Quinton Spain, John Sullivan, Travis Swanson, Jared Veldheer, LaAdrian Waddle, Josh Wells, Stefen Wisniewski

EDGE

Signed: , Anthony Chickillo, Frank Clark (franchise tag), Jadeveon Clowney (franchise tag), Dee Ford, Trey Flowers, Dante Fowler Jr., Brandon Graham, DeMarcus Lawrence (franchise tag), Steven Means, Brooks Reed, John Simon, Preston Smith, Za’Darius Smith, Terrell Suggs, Cameron Wake Best Available: Ezekiel Ansah, Shaq Barrett, Markus Golden, Justin Houston, Clay Matthews, Shane Ray

Just look at the signings to determine the value of the EDGE position in the NFL — all of the top players got franchise tags except for Flowers and Fowler, who were quickly locked up.

Others available: Sam Acho, Jerry Attaochu, Connor Barwin, Vinny Curry, Kony Ealy, Eli Harold, William Hayes, Bruce Irvin, Michael Johnson, Dion Jordan, Matt Longacre, Aaron Lynch, Benson Mayowa, Pernell McPhee, Derrick Morgan, Alex Okafor, Nick Perry, Frostee Rucker, Derrick Shelby, Frank Zombo

Defensive Tackle

Signed: Tyson Alualu, Henry Anderson, Angelo Blackson, Carl Davis, Johnathan Hankins, Margus Hunt, Malik Jackson, Grady Jarrett (franchise tag), Jordan Phillips, Sheldon Richardson, Shamar Stephen Best Available: Christian Covington, Timmy Jernigan, Corey Liuget, Darius Philon, Ndamukong Suh, Muhammad Wilkerson

There weren’t many top-end defensive tackle talents available in free agency. The ones who have had recent success on the field either agreed to terms quickly, or were given the franchise tag.

Others available: Allen Bailey, Malcom Brown, Tyeler Davison, Dominique Easley, Mario Edwards, Rodney Gunter, Ziggy Hood, Ricky Jean-Francois, Zach Kerr, Brandon Mebane, Earl Mitchell, Haloti Ngata, Mike Pennel, Ahtyba Rubin, Danny Shelton, Brent Urban

Linebacker

Signed: Kwon Alexander, Ray-Ray Armstrong, Anthony Barr, Preston Brown, Deone Bucannon, Bruce Carter, Thomas Davis, Jordan Hicks, Justin March-Lillard, C.J. Mosley, Denzel Perryman, Craig Robertson, Adarius Taylor, Damien Wilson, Paul Worrilow Best Available: Mark Barron, Jamie Collins, Gerald Hodges, Brandon Marshall, K.J. Wright

C.J. Mosley, Kwon Alexander, and Anthony Barr got big-time deals to kick off free agency and there’s still a few quality players left on the market — especially for teams looking for run stoppers.

Others available: Stephone Anthony, Josh Bynes, Will Compton, Kyle Emanuel, L.J. Fort, Najee Goode, Mike Hull, Mychal Kendricks, Cameron Lynch, Kevin Minter, Mark Nzeocha, Kevin Pierre-Louis, Vincent Rey, Kelvin Sheppard, Nathan Stupar, Manti Te’o, Ramik Wilson

Cornerback

Signed: Robert Alford, Justin Coleman, Pierre Desir, Kareem Jackson, Kevin Johnson, Jason McCourty, Steven Nelson, Darryl Roberts, Bradley Roby, Eric Rowe, Buster Skrine, Blidi Wreh-Wilson Best Available: Ronald Darby, Darqueze Dennard, Jason Verrett

There weren’t many big name cornerbacks on the market this year, but there are still a few names that can help people. Teams looking for a quality cornerback that isn’t a world-beater, but still effective should be able to find some value in free agency.

Others available: Briean Boddy-Calhoun, Bashaud Breeland, Tramaine Brock, Morris Claiborne, E.J. Gaines, Phillip Gaines, Brent Grimes, Davon House, Nevin Lawson, Tony Lippett, Rashaan Melvin, Captain Munnerlyn, Brian Poole, Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie, Orlando Scandrick, Sam Shields, B.W. Webb, Kayvon Webster, Shareece Wright

Safety

Signed: Adrian Amos, Chris Banjo, Antoine Bethea, Landon Collins, Tashaun Gipson, Colin Jones, LaMarcus Joyner, Tyrann Mathieu, Eric Reid, Earl Thomas, Kenny Vaccaro, Jaylen Watkins, Eric Weddle Best Available: Tre Boston, Ha Ha Clinton-Dix, Johnathan Cyprien, Glover Quin, Jimmie Ward

Yet another strong year for the safety position, and this time, they didn’t wait around to get deals done. Big names like Landon Collins and Tyrann Mathieu made it to the open market, and quickly agreed to deals with their new teams. However, there is still some meat left on the bone at the position.

Others available: Mike Adams, Jahleel Addae, Kurt Coleman, Chris Conte, Clayton Geathers, Marcus Gilchrist, George Iloka, Kendrick Lewis, Mike Mitchell, Reggie Nelson, Ron Parker, Adrian Phillips, Curtis Riley, Andrew Sendejo, Darian Stewart

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haitilegends · 7 years

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CAROLE '' MAWOULE '' DÉMESMIN Carole Demesmin défend les valeurs de la culture traditionnelle du pays qui l’a vue naître : Haïti. A travers l’art, la musique et la peinture en tête, elle se bat ardemment pour transmettre la culture traditionnelle d’Haïti à la nouvelle génération. Elle travaille d’ailleurs énormément avec les jeunes afin que se valorise davantage la culture locale fortement ancrée dans les traditions africaines teintées par endroits de couleur caribéenne. Née à Léogâne, Carole passe pourtant une bonne partie de son enfance à Port-au-Prince. Adolescente, elle embarque pour les Etats-Unis pour poursuivre ses études secondaires à Boston. C’est durant cette même période qu’elle entame sa carrière de chanteuse, au sein du groupe « Haïti Culturelle ». Elle entame ainsi une longue carrière artistique qui se poursuit jusqu’aujourd’hui. Quelques années plus tard, elle commence à enseigner la culture haïtienne, la danse, les chansons du répertoire folklorique haïtiens aux jeunes enfants de Boston. En 1976, épaulée par le grand pianiste haïtien Gerdes Fleurant, Carole intègre une des écoles de musique les plus renommées de Boston : le « Berkeley College Of Music ». Elle y a d’ailleurs acquis d’autres aptitudes artistiques durant ses études. Infatigable, Carole entreprend également des études en peinture -sa première passion- au réputé « Massachusetts College of Art ». Dans la foulée, elle collabore avec le poète compositeur Jean-Claude Martineau et sort son premier album intitulé Carole Mawoule. Les textes et musiques de ce album écrit par Martineau l’a définitivement mise en orbite. L’hommage rendu, en 1978, à la grande vocaliste des années 1930, Lumanne Casimir, a popularisé Carole auprès d’un public de tous âges, tant en Haïti que dans les communautés Haïtiennes d’outre-mer. Des contemporains de Lumane Casimir y avaient vu un hommage doublement mérité vu, selon eux, le rapprochement étonnant du timbre de voix des deux chanteuses pourtant séparées de trois générations. Toujours encadrée par la plume de Jean-Claude Martineau, Carole sort son deuxième album, Minrara, en 1983. Encensé par la critique, le projet est récompensé et remporte d’ailleurs le prix de l’album de l’année dans la communauté haïtienne aux Etats-Unis et en Haïti. Cet album lui permet de partir en tournée -notamment aux États-Unis et en Europe- et de rappeler à son public l’importance de l’influence des principes hérités des rites africains en Haïti. En chantant particulièrement en créole, Carole Demesmin entend développer le sentiment de conscience nationale par rapport à la langue, tout en célébrant la culture traditionnelle haïtienne et son histoire. Parallèlement à la musique, elle entame un long voyage spirituel. Durant treize ans, guidée par le Ati Daagbo Max Beauvoir, elle suit une formation qui l’amène à comprendre et maîtriser les traditions spirituelles héritées d’Afrique. A la fin de cette initiation Vodou, elle accédé au rang de Manbo (prêtresse) -en 1984. Plus tard, elle suivra également une formation de sage-femme. En 1987 sort son troisième opus, Lawouze, enregistré pendant la période de son initiation Vodou. Supportée par ses amis musiciens et poètes dont, René Philoctète, Paula Clermont Pean, Tiga, Ronald Derenoncourt,Henry Celestin. Andre Azemar, Jean Michel Clermont, Ralph Boncy, Claude Marcelin, Raoul Denis Jr, Mushi et Joel Widmaer, Robert Denis, cet album marque un virage vers des sonorités et des paroles ancrées dans la culture traditionnelle haïtienne. Une nouvelle fois, une énorme tournée s’en était suivi sur des scènes d’Amérique du Nord et d’Europe. A côté de ses concerts de chants, elle organise des évènements, tels que le « Festival Anacaona a Leogane » ou encore le « Tom Tom Fest a Jeremie ». En collaboration avec feu Jean-Claude Garoute, dit Tiga, Dr Symphar Bontemps, elle a été l’instigatrice du Mouvement Drapeau Culturel National dont l’objectif est de promouvoir l’enseignement de l’histoire d’Haïti et ses authentiques valeurs culturelles aux jeunes de tous les départements géographiques du pays. Elle s’investit également aux Etats-Unis, où des ateliers de réflexions ont été mis en place en vue d’encourager les enfants d’origines haïtiennes à se rapprocher de leur culture -notamment dans les universités de Floride et du Vermont. Elle met également sur pied des cours destinés aux haïtiens désirant se reconnecter avec leur culture et le Vodou de leurs pères. Le 20 avril 1990, elle est présente à` New York sur le Pont de Brooklyn pour manifester avec plus de 100.000 compatriotes haïtiens et sur la scène du Brooklyn Collège avec le génial chanteur et compositeur Ansy et Yole Derose dans leur grand spectacle « FDA ou anraje », une manifestation culturelle contre le gouvernement américain, et plus particulièrement contre la FDA – Food and Drink Administration- qui avait interdit à tous les haïtiens de donner leur sang. Motif ? Les haïtiens sont, plus que tout autre peuple, porteurs de la maladie du Sida. Et à ce titre, les laisser donner leur sang représente un énorme risque sanitaire. Ce rassemblement est le plus important recensé depuis l’enterrement de Martin Luther King en 1968. Il réunit les haïtiens vivant aux Etats-Unis, mais aussi beaucoup d’afro-américains –notamment le révérend Jesse Jackson- et d’autres sympathisants venus marquer leur soutien au peuple haïtien. Après d’autres manifestations à travers le pays, Washington reviendra sur sa décision d’interdire aux haïtiens de donner leur sang à la fin de l’année 1990. En 1999, Carole préside une série de conférences sur la culture haïtienne destinées aux haïtiens vivants aux États-Unis et aux afro-américains. Cette même année, elle revient à la musique et sort son quatrième album, "Carole Bel Congo", qu’elle produit avec le grand compositeur et arrangeur Pierre Rigeau Chery. Mais son combat ne s’arrête pas à la chanson. En effet, poussée par son désir de prouver son amour pour sa communauté, elle décide de mettre ses talents spirituels et médicinaux au service de jeunes handicapés en Floride. L’année 2001 a marqué un tournant important dans la vie de Carole. Pour marquer ses vingt-deux ans de carrière, elle a réuni sur la scène du grand Hôtel Fontaine Bleu de Miami Beach, tous les artistes qui l’ont soutenue depuis le début sa carrière. C’était l’occasion pour elle de présenter le troisième drapeau culturel haïtien en Floride. Les années qui suivent ramènent Carole à son combat de toujours : la sauvegarde de la culture traditionnelle haïtienne. Elle met en place des séminaires destinés aux haïtiens-américains désireux de découvrir ou redécouvrir leurs racines culturelles. Mais l’évènement marquant, c’est surtout la création de l’organisation sans but lucratif supporté par un groupe d'artistes basés à New York : Michael Brudent, Gina Samson, Maryse Edouard, Dominique Volcy, Mario Baptiste, Ulrick Jean-Pierre, Michael Grahm, Ricles Garcia, Patricia Brintel, Paula Pean, Jean Claude Martineau, Jean Marie Eliscard, Joseph Moise, Darly Raphael, Pierre Richard Lespes, Roland Magloire, Dorcely III, Josselyn Joseph, Jerry Georges, Jean Guillot, Annel Stephan Nogaisse, Yvon Nicolas. La United Haitan Artists (UHA) propose l’éducation et le partage des racines de la culture folklorique haïtienne à travers le monde. Elle organise également des conférences et des séminaires, ainsi que des concerts permettant à des artistes haïtiens de démontrer toute l’étendue de leur talent en dehors de leurs frontières. Fort logiquement, elle crée son label, The Rainbow Of Yawe, dont le but est encore et toujours d’offrir une meilleure exposition médiatique aux artistes issus de son pays natal. Carole, jamais fatiguée, continue, par l’art, de promouvoir à tout prix ses racines culturelles. Elle expose des toiles de l’époque précolombienne au Musée Martin Luther King à New York. Pour la première fois, elle s’essaye en tant que comédienne dans le film Life outside of Pearl faisant la promotion du « lifestyle » haïtien aux Etats-Unis. Avec son association U.H.A, elle crée les Zepi Mayi Award, qui récompensent les pionniers et tous ceux qui combattent pour la mise en valeur de la culture et de la musique haïtienne. En 2009, elle redouble d’efforts ! A Chicago tout d’abord, où elle crée un comité avec différentes organisations pour soutenir le projet humanitaire de rouvrir l’hôpital de Sainte-Croix dans sa ville natale Leogane. Ensuite, elle demande au gouvernement de reconnaître deux dates très importantes pour le peuple haïtien : le 14 août, jour où ses ancêtres ont fait le serment de « Vivre libres ou de mourir » ; le 5 décembre, jour traditionnellement dédié à Christophe Colomb et qui devrait en fait l’être pour les Tainos, Arrawaks et les Caraïbes qui furent massacrés par les espagnols. Toujours en Haïti, elle encourage la création de constructions sociales qui doivent changer l’image traditionnelle du ghetto, tout en veillant à une meilleure qualité de vie, en termes de style de vie, d’éducation et de soins de santé. Cette même année, presque anecdotique, Carole fête déjà ses trente ans de carrière musicale lors d’un événement où elle en profite encore pour rendre hommage à son peuple. Le 22 novembre 2009, la « Haitian Artists Assembly of Massachusetts », en collaboration avec des officiels de la ville de Boston, lui rend le plus grand hommage pour ses 30 ans de lutte et d'engagement sur la scène culturelle défendant le nom d’Haïti. Une trentaine de trophées lui ont été décernés ainsi qu’un certificat signé du maire consacrant la date du 22 Novembre comme le « jour de Carole Demesmin ». Le 12 janvier 2010, la vie de Carole bascule. En effet, son île est terriblement frappée par un séisme ayant dévasté les vies et les biens de plusieurs centaines de milliers de ses compatriotes. L’immense médiatisation de cette tragédie ainsi que les mouvements d’aide arrivant de tous les secteurs venus de l’extérieur n’ont pas empêché Carole de s’investir corps et âme pour un autre combat. Elle convainc des grands groupes financiers d’investir en Haïti afin de reconstruire le pays et d’en faire un pays attractif pour les touristes. Lors d’une tournée européenne l’année suivante, elle contacte différents organismes ainsi que des gens issus de la diaspora haïtienne pour les convaincre d’investir en Haïti. Jusqu’à aujourd’hui, Carole Démesmin aura consacré sa vie à la défense de la culture de son pays et aura travaillé ardemment à la sauvegarde des valeurs traditionnelles haïtiennes. Elle est d’ailleurs impliquée dans diverses associations. Par exemple « Ti Moun Lakay », qui s’implique dans la création de centres pour jeunes en vue de reconstruire un espoir culturel dans chaque grande ville en utilisant l’art moderne comme outil d’éducation et en utilisant des chansons africaines, la danse haïtienne et les proverbes Vodou comme thème principal pour reconnecter les jeunes à la culture haïtienne. Le Mouvement Écologique National (MEN). Supportée par un groupe d'agronomes dont l’ingénieur agronome Joseph Felix, ce mouvement était dédié à la défense de l’environnement via les étudiants universitaires et les fermiers dans une collaboration nationale avec les agents du ministère de l’agriculture haïtien. Des suggestions de festivités devaient être organisées chaque mois de mai par le ministère de la Culture avec les étudiants qui pour l’occasion réunissaient des arbres à fruits pour leurs écoles afin de les utiliser pour faire refleurir leur région. Enfin, Carole est évidemment toujours active dans l’éducation permanente à travers le « Kole Zepol Pou N Sove Kilti Lakay », qui fut créé pour promouvoir la nouvelle vague de musique traditionnelle « RACIN » en encourageant les jeunes musiciens à s’inspirer du répertoire Vodou pour créer un style de musique unique, influencé par la riche variété des sonorités africaines laissées par leurs ancêtres et la promouvoir au sein de la diaspora haïtienne à travers le monde. SOURCE:http://africultures.com/ #HUGO #CAROLEDÉMESMIN

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