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piyasahaberleri · 8 months

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Pakistan Müslüman Birliği-Zia (PML-Z) başkanı Ijazul Haq, 29 Eylül'de Pakistan Müslüman Birliği-Quaid (PML-Q) Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain ile buluştu. — Feysbuk/Ijaz Ul Haq Pakistan Müslüman Birliği-Zia (PML-Z) başkanı Ijazul Haq Cuma günü, yaklaşan genel seçimlerle bağlantılı olarak Pakistan Müslüman Birliği-Quaid (PML-Q) ile bir seçim ittifakı kurulacağının imasını yapmış oldu. Eski askeri yönetici Ziaul Haq'ın oğlu, PML-Q Başkanı Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain ile yapmış olduğu görüşmenin arkasından şunları söylemiş oldu: “[We] Chaudhry Shujaat'ın liderliği altında gelecekteki fiil planını belirleyeceğiz." Toplantı esnasında Haq, Hüseyin'in sıhhat durumunu sordu ve iyi dileklerini iletti. Görüşmede karşılıklı çıkarları ilgilendiren mevzular, ülkenin mevcut siyasal ve ekonomik durumu ve öteki mevzular da tartışıldı.Görüşmede deneyimli PML-Q siyasetçisinin oğulları Chaudhry Salik Hussain ve Chaudhry Shafay Hussain de hazır bulunmuş oldu.Toplantının arkasından gazetecilere konuşan Haq, 9 Mayıs isyanlarından sonrasında Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf'tan (PTI) uzaklaşmış ve partisinin Mayıs ayında İmran Han liderliğindeki partiyle birleşmediğini söyleyen basında çıkan haberleri çöpe atmıştı. - ülke ekonomisine en büyük önceliğin verilmesi icap ettiğini söylemiş oldu.Ülke ekonomisinin selameti için tüm siyasal partilerin kişisel farklılıkları bir kenara bırakması icap ettiğini beyan etti. Yaklaşan seçimlerde tüm siyasal partiler için eşit şartlar sağlanması icap ettiğini vurgulayan Haq, "Hesap verme ölçeği hepimiz için aynı olmalıdır."Ek olarak Bekçi Başbakan Envaar-ül-Hak Kakar'ın siyasal açıklamalar yapmaması icap ettiğini söylemiş oldu. Başka bir sual üstüne Haq, "Tüm kurumlar kendi anayasal çerçevesi içinde çalışmalı" dedi.Üç kez eski başbakan olan Navaz Şerif'in eve dönüşüyle ilgili bir sual sorulduğunda Haq, PML-N liderliğinin dönüşte kelepçeyle mi yoksa taç yapraklarıyla mı karşılanacağından güvenilir olmadığını söylemiş oldu.Shujaat'ın oğlu Chaudhry Shafay Hussain ise PML-Q ve PML-Z'nin yaklaşan seçimlere ortaklaşa katılacağını söylemiş oldu.PTI'nin hapsedilen Başkanı Chaudhry Parvez Elahi'nin kendi siyasal partisini kurması gerektiği görüşündeydi.

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pdj-france · 10 months

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Avec l'arrestation et la condamnation samedi du chef du PTI Imran Khan dans l'affaire de corruption Toshakhana, le Pakistan continue de maintenir sa notoriété pour l'emprisonnement d'anciens premiers ministres tout en évitant toute action contre les dictateurs militaires qui ont violé à multiples reprises la Constitution.Affaire ToshakhanaKhan, le chef du parti pakistanais Tehreek-e-Insaf, a été interpellé dans sa résidence de Zaman Park à Lahore à la suite d'une peine de trois ans de prison prononcée par un tribunal d'Islamabad. Les accusations portées contre lui impliquent la dissimulation du produit de la vente de cadeaux d'État au Toshakhana.Le Toshakhana, un département relevant de la Division du Cabinet, est responsable de l'hébergement des cadeaux accordés aux dirigeants et aux représentants du gouvernement par des dignitaires étrangers et des chefs d'autres gouvernements. Khan, en possession de certains de ces cadeaux, dont une montre précieuse que lui avait donnée le prince héritier saoudien, a procédé à leur vente pour un gain personnel.Bien qu'il ait été autorisé à acheter des cadeaux aux Toshakhana et à effectuer des ventes, le dirigeant de 70 ans n'a pas divulgué l'argent qu'il gagnait, ce qui a conduit à des accusations de recel. Cet acte est considéré comme un crime en vertu de la loi, et il impliquait son omission d'informer la Commission électorale du Pakistan du produit qu'il avait réalisé.Dans d'autres circonstances, Khan aurait peut-être reçu un avertissement ou une amende de la part du tribunal, mais sa chance était déjà épuisée lorsqu'il s'est heurté à l'establishment militaire influent, ce qui a entraîné sa destitution du gouvernement en avril de l'année précédente.Anciens PM qui ont purgé une peine de prisonKhan n'est pas le premier Premier ministre pakistanais à être emprisonné. Le pays a une longue histoire de dirigeants élus endurant un traitement similaire.Hussain Shaheed SuhrawardyEn tête de liste se trouve Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy, un politicien bengali du Pakistan oriental de l'époque, qui occupait le poste de cinquième Premier ministre. En janvier 1962, il a été arrêté et emprisonné sous de fausses accusations d '«activités anti-étatiques». Cela dit, sa véritable offense a été son refus de soutenir le dirigeant militaire, le général Ayub Khan.Zulfikar Ali BhuttoZulfikar Ali Bhutto, le neuvième Premier ministre du Pakisan, a été arrêté pour complot en vue d'assassiner un opposant politique en 1974. En conséquence, il a été condamné à mort puis pendu le 4 avril 1979.Benazir BhuttoBenazir Bhutto a été Premier ministre du pays à deux reprises, d'abord de 1988 à 1990, puis de 1993 à 1996. En qualité de seule femme Premier ministre de l'histoire du Pakistan, elle a fait face à de multiples arrestations, à partir de 1985 lorsqu'elle a été assignée à résidence pendant 90 jours.En août 1986, Bhutto a été arrêté après avoir dénoncé le dictateur militaire Ziaul Haq lors d'un rassemblement à Karachi. En avril 1999, elle a été condamnée à cinq ans de prison pour corruption et a été disqualifiée et condamnée à une amende de plus de 5 millions de livres. Cela dit, elle a réussi à éviter l'arrestation en s'exilant.Nawaz CharifAprès la prise de fonction du général Pervez Musharraf, Nawaz Sharif a été arrêté en 1999 puis exilé pendant 10 ans.En juillet 2018, il a été condamné à 10 ans de prison, avec sa fille Maryam Nawaz, dans une affaire de corruption. Plus tard cette année-là, en décembre, il a été condamné à une peine de sept ans de prison dans l'affaire de corruption d'Al-Azizia Steel Mills. En 2019, Sharif s'est rendu à Londres pour un traitement médical et n'est pas revenu.Shahid Khaqan AbbassiEn juillet 2019, Shahid Khaqan Abbasi a été interpellé dans le cadre d'une affaire de corruption liée au gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL). Cela dit, il a ensuite été libéré sous caution et remis en liberté.Imran KhanLe 9 mai 2023, Imran Khan a été interpellé dans une énième affaire de corruption, mais au bout de quelques jours, il a été libéré suite à l'intervention de la Cour suprême.

Le 5 août 2023, il a été condamné à trois ans de prison dans l'affaire Toshakhana.Pour répondre sa condamnation et à son interpellation, le célèbre journaliste et présentateur de Geo News, Hamid Mir, a affirmé qu'Imran Khan n'était pas le premier Premier ministre à être envoyé en prison et pourrait ne pas être le dernier."D'abord Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy, puis Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, puis Benazir Bhutto, puis Nawaz Sharif et désormais Imran Khan. Les Premiers ministres et les politiciens sont toujours punis », a-t-il tweeté.Il a aussi déclaré qu'aucun Premier ministre à travers l'histoire du Pakistan n'avait encore rempli son mandat de cinq ans.Dictateurs militairesÀ l'opposé, aucun des quatre dictateurs militaires - Auyb Khan, Yahya Khan, Ziaul Haq et Pervez Musharraf - n'a été traduit en justice pour son rôle dans le renversement de gouvernements élus et la violation de la Constitution.La puissante armée pakistanaise, qui a dirigé le pays sujet aux coups d'État pendant plus de la moitié de ses 75 années d'existence, exerce une influence considérable sur la sécurité, la politique étrangère et les questions politiques.(Avec les entrées de PTI)

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avitaknews · 3 years

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अनियमितता की जांच को लेकर डीएम को सौंपा आवेदन

किशनगंज। पोठिया प्रखंड अन्तर्गत 15 वीं वित्त आयोग की राशि के बंटवारे में घोर Source link

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#Arun Bhokta #Gulchehra Khatun #Hindi News #Hindustan #Mo Ziaul Haq #News in Hindi #Nurfa Khatun #Shabbenur #अरूण भोक्ता #गुलचेहरा खातुन #नुरफा खातुन #मो जियाउल हक #शब्बेनूर #हिन्दुस्तान

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the-little-crime-writer · 5 years

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Aircraft Crashes: accidents or murder?

The past nine decades, various fatal air crashes have spawned conspiracy theories that linger as haunting historical mysteries. Five cases produced official verdicts of criminal activity, but no suspects were ever indicted. The remainder are listed as accidents, but nagging doubts remain. These cases include:

July 4, 1923 Actor-pilot Beverly “B.H” DeLay and passenger R.I short (president of the Essandee Corporation) died while performing aerial acrobatics at Venice Beach, California. Time Magazine reported that half-inch bolts in the wings of DeLay’s aircraft had been switched with smaller bolts, causing the wings to collapse during flight. Gunshots of unknown origin had also been fired at DeLay days earlier, during a performance in Santa Monica. Journalists linked the crash to bitter litigation between DeLay and C.E Frey, a rival who claimed ownership of an airstrip purchased by DeLay in 1919. Several Frey employees were jailed for sabotaging that airfield, but no one was indicted for DeLay’s murder.

October 10, 1933 A United Airlines Boeing 247 aircraft travelling from Cleveland to Chicago crashed near Chesterton, Indiana, killing all seven persons aboard. Witnesses reported hearing a mid-air explosion at 9:15pm and watching the plane plummet into flames from 1,000 feet. Investigators from North-western University and Chicago FBI office concluded that a bomb had detonated in the plane’s baggage compartment, but no suspects were ever identified.

March 29, 1959 Barthelemy Boganda, first prime minister of the Central African Republic (C.A.R) and presumed to win election as president when France released control of his nation in 1960, died with all others aboard when his plane crashed 99 miles west of Bangui. No cause of the crash was officially determined, but suspicion of sabotage persists. On May 7, 1959, the Paris weekly L’Express reported discovery of explosive residue in the plane’s wreckage whereupon the French high commissioner banned sale of that issue in the C.A.R. In 1997 author Brian Titley suggested that Boganda’s wife, Michelle Jourdan, may have killed hi to avert divorce and collect a large insurance policy.

November 16, 1959 National Airlines Flight 967 vanished over the Gulf of Mexico with 42 persons aboard while en route from Tampa, Florida, to New Orleans. The final radar contact with Flight 967 was recorded at 12:46 am. Searchers found scattered wreckage with corpses near that point, but most of the aircraft was never recovered. Suspicion focused on passenger William Taylor, who boarded the plane with a ticket issued to ex-convict Robert Vernon Spears. Authorities surmised that Spears had tricked Taylor, a friend from prison, into boarding the plane with a bomb, thus permitting Spears to collect on a life insurance policy purchased in his name. Police later arrested Spears in Phoenix, driving a car registered to Taylor, but he subsequently vanished and was never charged with any crime pertaining to the crash.

September 18, 1961 Dag Hammarskjold, second secretary-general of the United Nations, died with 15 others when his plane crashed near Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), during a diplomatic tour of the strife-torn Congo. Security was tight during the tour, including use of a decoy aircraft, and Hammarskjold’s pilot filed no flight plans on the trip. Officially, the crash resulted from a pilot’s error in approaching Ndola’s airfield at the wrong altitude after nightfall. Many observers suspected a bomb or rocket attack. In August 1998, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, chairman of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, announced that recently uncovered letters implicated South African intelligence officers, Britain’s MI5, and the American CIA in Hammarskjold’s death. One letter claimed that a bomb in the plane’s wheel bay was set to explode on landing. In July 2005, Norwegian major general Bjorn Egge told the newspaper Aftenposten that an apparent bullet hole in Hammarskjold’s forehead was air brushed out of photos later published showing his corpse.

October 16, 1972 House majority leader Thomas Hale Boggs, Sr., was campaigning for Representative Nick Begich when their airplane vanished during a flight from Anchorage to Juneau, Alaska. Also aboard were pilot Don Jonz and Begich aide Russell Brown. The plane was never found. Begich won November’s election with a 56-percent margin, but his presumed death left GOP rival Don Young running unopposed in a special election to fill Begich’s vacant seat in Congress. Some conspiracy theorists link the disappearance to Bogg’s outspoken criticism of FBI director J. Edgar Hoover (who died in May 1972), but Begich’s children blamed President Richard Nixon, claiming that the crash was staged in a vain attempt to thwart congressional investigation of the unfolding Watergate scandal.

August 1, 1981 Brigadier General Omar Torrijos Herrera, “Supreme Chief of Government” for Panama since 1968, died with several others when his plane exploded in mid air during a storm. Slipshod radio coverage delayed the report of his plane’s disappearance for nearly a day, and several more days elapsed before soldiers found the wreckage. Florencio Flores succeeded Torrijos as commander of Panama’s National Guard and de facto ruler of the country.

October 19, 1986 Samora Moises Machel, president of Mozambique and leading critic of South Africa’s racist apartheid system, died with all board when his plane crashed near Mbuzini, in South Africa’s Lebombo Mountains. At the time, Machel was returning home from an international conference in Zambia. The Margo Commission, an investigate panel including representatives from several nations, blamed the crash on pilot error, a verdict flatly rejected by the governments of Mozambique and the Soviet Union Russian members of the commission filed a minority report claiming that Machel’s plane was lured off-course by a decoy radio beacon, set up by South African intelligence officers. Machel’s widow, Graca, remains convinced that was murdered. In 1998 she married then-South African president Nelson Mandela.

August 17, 1989 General Muhammad Ziaul-Haq, ruler of Pakistan since he overthrew predecessor Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1977, died with several other generals and U.S. ambassador Arnold Raphel when their plane crashed shortly after take off from Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Witnesses reported a smooth lift off, followed by erratic flying and a steep nosedive. FBI agents called the crash accidental, but persistent conspiracy theories blame a wide range of suspects, including the CIA, Russia’s KGB, Israel’s Mossad, India’s RAW Intelligence agency, Afghan communists, ad Shi’ite Muslim separatists.

April 6, 1994 Unknown snipers shot down a government aircraft at Rwanda’s Kigali airport, killing Rwandan president Juvenal Habyarimana, President Cyprien Ntaryamira of Burundi, and all others aboard. The resultant political chaos led to full-scale genocide in Rwanda, where ruling Hutu tribesmen slaughtered rival Tutsis, and sparked civil war in Burundi.

July 19, 1994 Alas Chiricanas Flight 901 exploded while en route from Colon, Panama, to Panama City, killing all 21 persons aboard. Authorities found evidence of a bomb, blaming the crime on terrorists. Suspicion focused on Jamal Lya, the only passenger who corpse remained unclaimed after the bombing. Soon afterward, an unknown spokesperson for a group calling itself Ansar Allah (“Followers of God”) claimed credit for the attack, but investigators could find no other trace of the organization.

July 17, 1996 Trans World Airlines flight 800 left New York’s JFK Airport, bound for Paris, at 10:19pm Twelve minutes later it exploded in mid-air, killing all 230 persons aboard and littering the ocean with wreckage offshore from East Moriches, New York. Despite initial speculation of a terrorist attack, the National Transportation Safety Board issued a final report in August 2000, blaming the explosion on a presumed electrical short circuit that ignited fumes in the aircraft’s centre wing fuel tank. Meanwhile, multiple eyewitnesses on land reported seeing “a streak of light” rising from sea level toward the airliner before it exploded. Initial examination of the wreckage revealed apparent residue from three different explosive compounds, PETN, RDX, and nitro-glycerine but authorities claimed to find no evidence of impact from a rocket or missile. Some conspiracy theorists maintain that Flight 800 was shot down by terrorists, while others suggest a disastrous mistake during an offshore U.S. Navy training exercise involving surface-to-air missiles. The case is officially closed.

October 25, 2002 Minnesota senator Paul Wellstone died with seven others, including his wife and three children, when his aircraft crashed near Eveleth, Minnesota. Wellstone was near the end of his campaign for a third Senate term, his death coming 11 days before the scheduled balloting. Initial reports blamed icing of the aircraft's wing, but that suggestion was later rejected. Federal investigators finally named pilot error as the “likely” cause of the crash, claiming that deceased First Officer Michael Guess was “below average” in proficiency. In fact, Guess had been fired from two previous flying jobs for incompetence. Jim Fetzer, a philosophy professor at the University of Minnesota Duluth, published a book in 2004, blaming Wellstone’s death on unnamed members of President George W. Bush’s administration.

July 30, 2005 Dr. John Garang De Mabior, vice president of Sudan and former head of the rebel Sudan People’s Liberation Army, died when his helicopter crashed in southern Sudan. Circumstances of the crash remain unclear, and Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni blamed “external factors” for the incident. Foreign observers note that Garang’s death helped bring an end to Sudan’s long-running civil war.

#Aircraft crashes: accidents or murder?#The Encyclopedia of Unsolved Crimes #tcc blog #tcc account #tcc community #tcc blogger #true crime #true crime blog #true crime community #tcc love #real crime #conspiracy theory #accident or muder #my serial killer addiction

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cakrawalanewsdotco · 2 years

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Tadarus Milenials. Anwar Sadad Beri Wejangan Politik Ke Generasi Muda

Malang. Cakrawalanews.co – Wejangan politik diberikan Wakil Ketua DPRD Jatim Anwar Sadad kepada generasi milenial di Malang. Acara itu dikemas dalam kegiatan bernama Tadarus Politik Milenials yang digelar, Sabtu (16/4/2022). Dalam agenda yang digelar di Esto Coffe, Bululawang, Kabupaten Malang tersebut dihadiri sejumlah anggota DPRD Malang. Mereka adalah Rahmat Kartala, Ziaul Haq dan Moch Saiful.…

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htvpakistan · 2 years

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Gen Zia’s spy chief among those named in Credit Suisse leak

ONE of Gen Ziaul Haq’s closest aides and the man largely credited with establishing the mujahideen network to counter Russia’s invasion of Afghanistan, is one of thousands of figures from around the world who have been exposed in a massive leak of secret banking data from a leading Swiss bank. Dubbed the ‘Suisse secrets’, this massive trove was provided to Süddeutsche Zeitung, a German newspaper,…

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fastworldnews1 · 3 years

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BNP founder and first Balochistan CM Sardar Ataullah Mengal passes away in Karachi

Veteran politician and founder of the Balochistan National Party (BNP), Sardar Ataullah Mengal, passed away in Karachi on Thursday, party leader Sanaullah Baloch said.

He had been ill for a long time and was admitted to a private hospital in Karachi, according to the BNP. He was 92.

Born in 1929, Mengal spent his childhood in Lasbela and later moved to Karachi. He was declared the chief (sardar) of the Mengal tribe in 1954.

Mengal was introduced to politics by Mir Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo, a founding member of the National Awami Party (NAP) – who also briefly served as the governor of Balochistan in 1972-73. In 1962, Mengal was elected to the West Pakistan provincial assembly; Bezinjo ran his election campaign.

Mengal became the first chief minister of Balochistan in May 1972 and remained in that position until his government was dismissed by then prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in Feb 1973.

Mengal chose to go into self-exile in London during General Ziaul Haq's era. He returned to Pakistan in the 1990s and formed the BNP.

He also remained the head of the Pakistan Oppressed Nations Movement (Ponm).

He hailed from the Wadh tehsil in Balochistan's Khuzdar.

The late Baloch leader will be buried in his ancestral graveyard in Wadh and details of his funeral will be announced later, the BNP said.

Paying rich tribute to his father, the late leader's son and current BNP chief, Akhtar Mengal, said he had not lost only his parent but also his "guiding light and teacher".

"He taught me the difference between the good and the bad. To fight for injustice with conviction. He was a beacon of hope for our nation and land," Akhtar said.

Condolences poured in from politicians and journalists on Mengal's death.

PPP Chairperson Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari said he was saddened to hear about Mengal's passing away.

"An era of intellect, tolerance and honourable politics has concluded in Pakistan with Sardar Ataullah Mengal's death. His long struggle for Balochistan's rights and democracy is an unforgettable part of our history," Bilawal said.

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seekergkfan · 3 years

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The first Chief of Staff of Pak Army was --------?

The first Chief of Staff of Pak Army was ——–?

The first Chief of Staff of Pak Army was ——–? A. General Takka Khan B. General Ziaul Haq C. General Sharif D. General Ayub Khan (more…)

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bconews · 3 years

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Four suspected robbers held in Noakhali

Police have detained four persons while they were allegedly preparing for a robbery at Subarnachar upazila in Noakhali district. The detained persons are Nazim Uddin, 20, Md Kamrul, 25, Md Ruble, 23, and Md Jasim, 25, residents of Mohammadpur Union of the upazila. Charjabbar Police Station officer in-charge (OC) Ziaul Haq Tarik Khandaqar said the four were detained along with a pipe gun and four…

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#Noakhali #suspected robbers

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najmanhuda · 3 years

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Buletin Maarif Institute #17

Teladan Kebangsaan KH Hasyim Asy’ari

Oleh Ust. Masykurufin Hafidz

Tangan (kekuasaan) dan anugerah Allah SWT bersama jama'ah (kelompok yang terorganisir). Jika di antara jama'ah ada yang mengucilkan diri, maka setan akan menerkamnya sebagaimana srigala menerkam kambing. (HR. Imam Thabranîy)

Hadis di atas hendak menegaskan bahwa, organisasi ataupun kejama'ahan dan kejam'iyyahan merupakan hal mutlak dalam kehidupan. Sebagaimana ditulis dalam Al-Qânûn Al-Asâsîy Li Jam'iyyah Nahdlatul Ulâmâ`, pertemuan dan saling mengenal, persatuan dan kekompakan dalam suatu kelompok yang terorganisir sangatlah dibutuhkan dan bermanfaat. Melalui berkelompok, seseorang bisa menutupi segala kekurangannya sekaligus mewujudkan kemaslahatan hajat orang banyak.

Berangkat dari nilai-nilai di atas, KH Hasyim Asy'ari (1871-1947) yang biasa disebut dengan Mbah Hasyim membangun masyarakat melalui pesantren Tebuireng (1899). Di pesantren ini Mbah Hasyim mengatur kurikulum pesantren, mengatur strategi pengajaran, memutuskan persoalan-persoalan aktual kemasyarakatan dan mengarang kitab.

Pada tahun 1919, ketika masayarakat sedang dilanda informasi tentang koperasi sebagai bentuk kerjasama ekonomi, Mbah Hasyim tidak berdiam diri. Beliau aktif berniaga serta mencari solusi alternatif bagi pengembangan ekonomi umat, dengan berdasarkan pada kitab-kitab Islam klasik. Beliau membentuk badan semacam koperasi yang bernama Syirkatul Inan li Murâbathati Ahli At-Tujjâr, disingkat SKN. Di antara syarat yang berlaku dalam perserikatan ini ialah pembagian keuntungan tiap tahun sekali. Separuh keuntungan dibagi berdasar besaran modal masing-masing. Separuhnya lagi dikembalikan pada modal bersama untuk mengembangkan kebesaran perserikatan. Selaku pimpinan syirkah ialah KH Hasyim Asy’ari dan Bendahara ialah Abdul Wahab Hasbullah.

Dengan demikian Mbah Hasyim telah membangun dua pilar kehidupan masyarakat yang unggul, yaitu pilar pencerahan pikiran (tashwîrul afkâr) sebagai fajar kebangkitan melalui pengajaran yang diberikan setiap hari, dan pilar kemandirian ekonomi masyarakat yang dicontohkan melalui keterlibatan langsung dalam perniagaan di tengah masyarakat kampung dan pasar tradisional.

Bagi umat Islam secara umum dan bangsa Indonesia khususnya, ada dua hal dari sepak terjang Mbah Hasyim yang harus diperhatikan. Pertama, seruan Resolusi Jihad untuk memerangi para penjajah. Seruan ini dikeluarkan untuk mempertahankan kemerdekaan dan kedaulatan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI). Pada tanggal 23 Oktober 1945, atas nama Pengurus Besar NU, Mbah Hasyim, mendeklarasikan seruan jihad fî sabîlillâh. Peristiwa ini kemudian dikenal dengan istilah Resolusi Jihad.

Ada tiga poin penting dalam Resolusi Jihad. Pertama, setiap muslim yang berada di radius 94 km dengan penjajah wajib memerangi orang kafir yang merintangi kemerdekaan Indonesia. Sedangkan kewajiban berjihad bagi umat Islam yang berada di luar radius di atas merupakan fardhu kifâyah (kewajiban kolektif).

Kedua, pejuang yang mati dalam perang kemerdekaan layak disebut syuhâdâ`. Ketiga, warga Indonesia yang memihak penjajah dianggap sebagai pemecah belah persatuan nasional dan harus dihukum mati.

Fatwa jihad yang ditulis dengan huruf pegon (huruf Arab Jawa) itu kemudian digelorakan Bung Tomo melalui radio dan mendapat respons yang luar biasa. Ribuan kiai dan santri dari berbagai daerah mengalir ke Surabaya. Sedemikian dahsyat perlawanan umat Islam, sampai salah seorang komandan pasukan India, Ziaul Haq (kelak menjadi Presiden Republik Islam Pakistan) heran menyaksikan kiai dan santri bertakbir sambil mengacungkan senjata. Sebagai sesama muslim, hati Ziaul Haq terenyuh. Dia pun menarik diri dari medan perang. Sikap Ziaul Haq itu membuat pasukan Inggris kacau balau.

Fatwa Mbah Hasyim yang ditulis pada 17 September 1945 ini kemudian dijadikan keputusan NU pada 22 November yang diperkuat lagi pada muktamar ke-16 di Purwekorto (1946). Dalam pidato di hadapan peserta muktamar, Mbah Hasyim menyatakan, bahwa syariat Islam tidak akan bisa dilaksanakan di negeri yang terjajah. Kerangka pemikiran seperti inilah yang kemudian menjadi salah satu dasar umat Islam Indonesia untuk terus merawat Pancasila dan UUD '45, terutama NU yang memang mempunyai saham besar bagi lahirnya negeri ini.

Kedua, sepak terjang Mbah Hasyim untuk melindungi kepentingan umat Islam secara umum. Pada tahun 1924 , contohnya, situasi di Timur Tengah menuntut Mbah Hasyim dan kaum tradisional bertindak. Mereka menanggapi dua peristiwa besar yang menyangkut agama Islam: penghapusan kekhilafahan Islam di Turki dan serbuan kaum Wahabi ke Mekah.

Bagi kaum muslim tradisionalis, yang terpenting adalah mempertahankan tata cara ibadah keagamaan yang pada umumnya dipertanyakan oleh kaum Wahabi puritan, seperti membangun kuburan, berziarah, membaca doa seperti dalâil al-khairât, dan lain sebagainya. Begitu juga kepercayaan terhadap para wali.

Kongres Al-Islam Indonesia bulan Januari 1926 di Bandung menolak gagasan yang menyarankan agar usul-usul kaum tradisional seperti di atas dibawa oleh delegasi Indonesia. Penolakan itu mendorong kaum tradisional membentuk sebuah komite tersendiri (Komite Hijaz) untuk mewakili mereka di hadapan Raja Ibn Sa'ud.

Untuk memudahkan tugas ini, pada tanggal 31 Januari 1926 diputuskan untuk membentuk suatu organisasi yang mewakili Islam tradisionalis, yaitu Nahdlatoel Oelama (NO) atau NU dalam istilah sekarang. Mandat yang dibawa oleh delegasi untuk diserahkan kepada raja berisi permintaan mengenai empat hal sebagaimana berikut:

Pertama, kemerdekaan bermazhab dengan memilih salah satu dari empat mazhab: Mazhab Hanafiy, Mazhab Malikiy, Mazhab Syafi'iy, dan Mazhab Hanbaliy. Kedua, tempat-tempat bersejarah tetap diperhatikan, seperti tempat kelahiran Siti Fatimah, makam Nabi Muhammad SAW dan dua sahabatnya. Ketiga, meminta penjelasan mengenai kepastian tarif naik haji. Keempat, meminta penjelasan tertulis mengenai "hukum yang berlaku di Negeri Hijaz".

Dalam surat balasannya, yang dikabulkan Raja Sa'ud adalah permintaan pertama soal empat mazhab. Sedangkan hal-hal lainnya tidak mendapatkan tanggapan. Namun demikian, makam Nabi Muhammad SAW dan dua sahabatnya tidak diganggu.

Oleh karenanya, umat Islam patut bersyukur karena hingga hari ini masih bisa berziarah ke makam Nabi Muhammad SAW beserta dua sahabatnya, sahabat Abu Bakar dan sahabat Umar (bagi yang mampu). Juga tidak kalah penting untuk disyukuri, karena umat Islam dan bangsa Indonesia mempunyai tokoh seperti Mbah Hasyim beserta kelompoknya yang terus membela kepentingan umat Islam dan bangsa Indonesia.

Sudah sepantasnya, bila semua pihak meneladani apa yang telah dilakukan oleh Mbah Hasyim. Di mana kepentingan bangsa dan umat senantiasa dikedepankan di atas kepentingan-kepentingan yang lain dan terus diperjuangkan.[]

—Masykurudin Hafidz, direktur Perhimpunan Pengembangan Pesantren dan Masyarakat.

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